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HISTORY

RAY COUNTY, MO.,

CAREFULLY WRITTEN AND COMPILED

FROM THE

MOST AUTHENTIC OFFICIAL AND PRIVATE SOURCES,

INCLUDING A HI6TORT OF IT6

Townships, City, Towns and Villages,

TOGETHER WITH

A CONDENSED HISTORY OF MISSOURI; THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES,

AND STATE OF MISSOURI; A MILITARY RECORD OF ITS VOLUNTEERS IN EITHER

ARMY OF THE GREAT CIVIL WAR; GENERAL AND LOCAL STATISTICS;

MISCELLANY; REMINISCENCES, GRAVE, TRAGIC AND HUMOROUS;

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF PROMINENT MEN AND CITIZENS

IDENTIFIED WITH THE INTERESTS OF THE COUNTY.

ILLUSTRATED.

' ' "■ ■ I, » 'i ■■-■■ '

St. LOUIS:
MISSOURI HISTORICAL COMPANY.

1881.

THE r.
PUBLIC LIB-

10628^ •

TILD.L

•

PREFACE.

The publishers of this work flatter themselves that it is worthy of
public confidence, and that it will meet with the acceptance and approval
of those for whom it is intended, namely: the people of Ray county,
Missouri. It has been very carefully prepared from sources of informa-
tion both official and private, and entirely authentic and reliable. No
pains have been spared in making the history thorough, accurate and
exhaustive ; and that it has reclaimed from oblivion much valuable data
concerning the early history of the county, and is a faithful record of facts
worthy of preservation in permanent and readable form, is earnestly
believed.

In prosecuting this work to completion, we received material assistance
from citizens in various parts of the county; from old settlers, county
officials and others, to all of whom we are profoundly grateful. Our
acknowledgments, however, are especially due to Col. James W. Black,
who is a contributor, to whatever merit the book may possess; to George
W. Trigg, county clerk; to John R. Green, circuit clerk, and to Lewis
Slaughter, recorder, for kindly permitting us to examine the records of
their respective offices, and for gentlemanly courtesies extended during
that work; to Wm. E. Ringo, deputy county clerk, for polite assistance;
to James A. Davis, county collector; to Capt. Thomas McGinnis, ex-
sheriff, and to Frank G. Gibson, ex-prosecuting attorney; to Dr. G. W.
Buchanan and George I. Wasson, Esq.; to Judge Joseph E. Black, for loan
of books and for files of the Richmond Herald; to Col. Jacob T. Child,
editor Richmond Conservator, for files of that paper, and to Col. Thomas
D. Bogie, editor Richmond Democrat ; to Thomas N. Deacy, school com-
missioner; to Professor B. F. Duncan; and to Holland Vanderpool,
William R. Blythe, R. L. McCoskrie, Edwin Odell and John Cleavenger,
old settlers.

We desire, also, to acknowledge our indebtedness to Prof. James M.
Long, an obliging, scholarly gentleman, for valuable suggestions.

The history of the county begins prior to its organization as such, and
with the first settlements on lands which it afterwards embraced and now
embraces, and is brought down to the present (June 1881).

In point of age, as a state, the twenty-fourth in the American Union,
and in the scale of greatness, the fifth, Missouri is the just pride of every

2 PREFACE.

honest man and true patriot within her borders. Inexhaustibly rich in
natural resources; fortunate in geographical position; convenient and
beautiful in surface configuration; finely situated for commercial inter-
course with her sister states and with the world; of generous soil,
salubrious air and intelligent population, every throb of the Missourian's
heart is a pulsation of love for his state — then, would the " History of
Ray County" be complete without at least a sketch of Missouri? A
condensed view of the state is essential to an intelligent history of the
county.

A very brief abstract of the laws of Missouri will, it is believed, enhance
the value of the work, by affording to farmers and business men a con-
venient and reliable reference for every day use.

Part Second is devoted to brief biographical sketches of prominent
citizens; of early settlers, and of those who, having the welfare of the
county at heart, have contributed to its growth, wealth and development.

All history is but a recital of past events, and the great aim of him who
places a series of those events, affecting the day in which he lives, of
record, to be read by future generations, should be, above all things,
Truth. He who records faithfully, impartially, truthfully, the important
passing events of his own time, as well as the yet unwritten history of
former days, for the guidance, instruction or amusement of those who are
to come after him, is indeed a benefactor. It has not been our ambition
to achieve merely the distinction of being called a benefactor, but, if we
have succeeded in making a book worthy its subject, we are satisfied, and
shall regard the people's gratitude as our best reward.

That it will fully meet the expectations of the public, and supply a
needed demand is sincerely hoped, and with that hope it is submitted to
the people of Ray county by

The Publishers.

CONTENTS.

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.

PAGE.

Historical and Political 9

Prehistoric Missouri 10

The White Race in Missouri 15

Missouri as a State 25

Summary of Events and Dates .... 25

Counties and Population 26

Census Report, 1880 27

State Finances 29

Presidential Votes from 1820 to 1880 . 30

Governors from 1820 to 1880 31

United States Senators 31

Members of Congress 32

Public School System 34

Protectional Laws 40

Homestead Exemption 40

Exemption of Personal Property. . . 42

Rights of Married Women 43

Taxation 43

Public Debt Limitation 44

Comparative Tax Rate 45

Federal Officers in the State 4ft

Missouri's Distinguished Men —

Daniel Boone 47

Thomas H. Benton 47

James B. Eads 48

Carl Schurz 49

Prof. Charles V. Riley 49

Missouri in the Civil War 50

PAGE.

Geology and Minerals 66

Geological Chart 67

Mineral Resources 72

Earths, Clays, Ochres, etc. 77

Geography of Missouri 78

Rivers and Watercourses 81

Notable Springs- 82

Soils and their Products 83

Wild Game 85

Climate 87

Heal thf ulness of the State 89

Agriculture 90

Staple Crops 91

Horticulture 93

The Grasshopper 96

Navigation and Commerce 99

The Lewis & Clark Expedition 100

First Steamboats in Missouri 101

The Barge System 103

Railroads in Missouri 104

Manufacturing in Missouri 107

Principal Cities in Missouri 108

Constitution of the United States 113

Constitution of Missouri 124

Abstract of State Laws and Forms. . . 160

Practical Rules for Every-day Use . . . 190
Names of the States of the Union and

their Significance 196

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY

Topography 199

The Pioneer 202

Early Settlements and Settlers 205

Indians 212

Organization 215

First County Seat, etc 218

Removal of the County Seat 226

First Instruments Recorded 231

Townships 238

County Officers 248

Ray County War Record 264

The Great Civil War 281

Confederate Soldiers 282

Union Soldiers 297

Religious 324

Educational 347

Societies 362

Newspapers of Ray County 366

Towns and Villages 383

Terrible Cyclone 389

Incorporation of Richmond 399

Ordinances City of Richmond.. ...... 413

The sole surviving witness of the Au-
thenticity of the Book of Mormon . . 456

Geology 461

Incidents 468

Statistical 482

CONTENTS

BIOGRAPHICAL DIRECTORY.

NAME. TP. R.

Akers, James R. . . .51 28
Alspaugh, A. P.... 54 27

Allen, Abraham 51 29

Anderson, Thornton 51 28
Aslmry, James S. . .58 29

Artman, Wm 50 28

Austin, G. M 50 28

Asbury, J. W... .53 29
Allison, Wesley M. 53 29

Banister, John T

Ball, J. E

Barr, Adam J

Black, Joseph E

Black, James W

Bogie, Thomas D

Brown, John C

Brown, B. J

Botts, A. J

Burgess, H. C

Burgess, T. J

Burgess, I. L

Buchanan, Geo. W

Baum, Louis

Babcock,B.B 52 26

Boggess, H. C 51 26

Brown, Chas. W...52 26
Bohannon, L. C...52 26
Boggess, Henry. . . .52 26

Bush, George H 52 26

Bell, Ross P 52 26

Bates, James F . . .52 26
Bankston, John T. .52 26

Bryan, J. H 52 26

Bowman, J. H 52 26

Ballinger, Wm. R..52 27
Bowen, Chas. L. . .53 26
Barham, John L. . .53 26

Bowman, D. B 53 26

Burgess, Wm.P 54 58

Bright, Wm. H 53 27

Bates, Chas. F., Sr.53 27
Brown, Alfred A... 51 28

Brockman, Asa 51 28

Brown, Thomas A. .51 28

Bates, R. W 52 29

Blythe, Wm. R....51 29
Bailey, Elijah B...51 29

Bogart, John 51 29

Brock, F 53 29

Bacon, C. B 54 29

Brock, Wm. H 53 29

Berten, John R 53 29

Buist, James 51 29

Brown, Wm. T 51 28

Brumrield, John F.52 26

POST-OFFICE. PAGE.

Camden 610

Georgeville 699

Orrick 644

Orrick 649

Vibbard 650

Orrick 626

Camden 625

Lawson 661

Lawson 675

Richmond 564

Richmond 526

Richmond 546

Richmond 551

Richmond 540

Richmond 515

Richmond 535

Richmond 544

Richmond 562

Richmond 573

Richmond 574

Richmond . . . .575

Richmond 580

Hardin 806

Hardin 807

Morton 801

Morton 800

Morton 799

Morton 797

Hardin 796

Morton 795

Hardin 789

Nor borne 785

Morton 788

Richmond 593

Wilmot 734

Fox 731

Morton 739

Knoxville 706

Millville 760

Millville 763

Camden 605

Camden 609

Richmond 622

Vibbard 629

Orrick 646

Orrick 638

Orrick 654

Lawson 659

Lawson 694

Lawson 674

Lawson 682

Missouri City. ..655

Richmond 614

Hardin 808

Child, Jacob T Richmond 513

Crispin, S. R Richmond 516

NAME. TP. R.

rConrow, A. H.T

Crain, Wm. A. T

Con row, Wm. S. .".

Creel, M.J .T

Creer, Wm. B.T...52 26
Clampitt, C. W..-. .52 26
Cunningham, O. .". .52 26
Collier, James G. ..52 26
Cunningham, J. F.52 26
Chenault, A.K.-T..51 27
Campbell, James»T.53 26
Cato, E. W., Rev r. 53 26
Clemens, Geo. W..53 26
Craven, Joseph D.-.54 27
Coffman, Martin . . .54 27
Clark, John... ^...54 28
Carter, J. M..r. . ..53 27
Cramer, J.F..r*. ...53 27
Craven, R. C* ..53 27

-Crispin, M. W. r. ..53 27
Crithfield, M. M.:.53 27
Cramer, Daniel, r. .53 27
Cramer, John H.\ .53 28
Clark, A. D. ..'... .53 28

Clark, H. J..- 53 28

Craven, Jacob T. ..53 28
Campbell, Jeremiah 53 28

Calley, Samuel 53 28

Craven, MB 53 28

Crenshaw, Granvijle53 28
Cummins, JasT.... 52 28

Cooper, Thos M 51 28

Cox, William.. T. . . 51 28

Collier, S W 53 29

Creason, Rial 51 29

Canada, Benj. F.r.5128

Cook, Isaac. 53 29

Cates, PH...' 53 29

Crowley, James M. .53 29
Crowley, William. .54 29
Cleavinger, John . . .53 29

Crowley, Sam'l J

Cates, SI., T 54 29

Crowley, S N 53 29

Crowlev, John. ...53 29

Cummins, M B 53 29

Crowley, Thomas. .53 29
Carpenter, -Wm. B.53 26

Dawson, Chas. W.-.52 26
Deacy, Thomas M? .52 26

Davis, B F 52 26

Davis, T J 52 26

Davis, S C..-T 52 27

Degraffenreid S H, 51 29
Duvall, Leonidas.-r.53 27
Duval, James Rev • 53 27
Dorton, EllaS. ...51 29
Dorton, ET 51 29

POST-OFFICE. PAGE.

Richmond 517

Richmond 528

Richmond ....568

Richmond 570

Hardin 807

Hardin 810

Hardin 793

Hardin 783

Hardin 786

Henry 596

Fox 729

Wilmot 734

Fox 735

Taitsville 699

Georgeville 703

Knoxville 712

Millville 750

Millville 749

Millville 762

Millville 766

Millville 771

Knoxville 774

Knoxville 781

Knoxville 782

Knoxville 783

Rayville 716

Vibbard 719

Knoxville 720

Rayville 604

Camden 612

Jtichmond 620

Vibbard 649

Orrick 653

Camden 606

Lawson 660

Lawson 661

Lawson 662

Converse 665

Vibbard 692

Lisbonville 670

Vibbard 679

Lawson 686

Lawson 690

Lawson .692

Fox 727

Hardin 816

Morton 798

Morton 814

Morton 817

Richmond 593

Orrick 643

Millville 755

Millville 776

Orrick 642

Orrick 644

CONTENTS.

NAME. TP. K.

Donoven, A C 53 29

Doniphan, A W. ."?. . ..
Dunn, George W..t. ..
Davis, Nathaniel M D . .

Davis, James A.

Duval, Dan. T..M

Devlin, Joseph H..~. ..

Duncan, B F

Dickenson, Oliver T. -. .
Duvall, J P...-. ... 53 27
Duval, Isaacs 53 27

Esrey, Niles —...52 26
Ewing, George S.-.52 27
Edgar, SC ...-:... .52 27
Endsley. S V .^. ...53 26

Evans, John H 53 26

Ellis, RB.-. 53 27

Evans, Houston 51 28

Elliott, Andrew 51 28

Elliott, Arthur.... .51 28
Endicott, James C. .51 28

Erwin, W R 5129

Endsley, E M..T...51 28

Estill, Wm. G 53 29

Earhart, Wm 53 29

Esrey, Septer P 52 26

Esteb, Elijah P . ~ ....

Ewing. W W..:

Elliott, Richard S..52 28
Ellis, Robert H ....53 27

Frazier, George. T. .51 26
Flournoy, Wm. H-.52 26
Ferree, Wm W. ~ . .52 26
Ferree, Ephraim. . .52 26
Ferree, F M.r. .. .53 26
Flournoy, John S.-.53 27
Frazer, John H. :. .51 29

Frank, George 52 28

Fowler, MR 54 29

Finch, Robert H.T.53 29

Farris, James L

Fisher, Wm. D ..... .

Francis, John W

Ferree, Boyd W 53 26

Grandstaff, A 52 26

Grove, John H 22 26

Gasney, John R. . . .52 56
George, Reuben. . . .51 27

Gentry, BB..7 53 26

Grimes, John. .T. . .54 28
Gant, J D...T. ....54 28
Gordon, Adrian. .'. .54 28
Grimes, John P. ". . .53 27

Guy, John. r. 53 27

Grimes, James Mr. 53 27
Garner, John C.T. .53 28

Gibson, John 52 28

Gaston, CG 51 28

Gossage, Joseph ... 51 28
Garrett, Wm. C Rev 52 '29
Gant, Cyrus D..-.-..53 29
Greene, James. ... .53 29
Gorton, T W 50 28

POST-OFFICE. PAGE.

Vibbard 673

Richmond 498

Richmond 502

Richmond 521

Richmond 522

Richmond 569

Richmond 576

Richmond 568

Millville 756

Millville 777

Hardin 811

Richmond 592

Richmond 594

Fox 736

Hardin 739

Millville 753

Camden 604

Camden 614

Richmond 616

Camden 617

Orrick 638

Orrick 628

Vibbard 676

Lawson 687

Hardin 812

Richmond 553

Swannick 600

Millville 755

Hardin 813

Morton 798

Hardin 792

Morton 784

Fox 727

Millville 769

Orrick 645

Swanwick .... 586
Lisbonville . . . .670

Lawson 684

Richmond 522

Richmond 566

St. Louis 580

Fox 728

Hardin *12

Hardin 796

Hardin 791

Henry 790

Wilmot 733

Knoxville 705

Knoxville 707

Millville 750

Millville 759

Millville 774

Richmond 780

Richmond 600

Camden 607

Richmond 713

New Garden . . . 630

Vibbard 657

Vibbard 658

Orrick 627

NAME. TP. K.

Greenawalt, A J ... 54 29
Gant, Thomas R. .53 29
Gant, Joseph P. .-..53 29
Gordon, George A.. 53 29
Gant, Joshua B....53 29
Goodman, John H.53 29

Garner, H C.r.

Green, John R.

Garner, C T...

Grow, Henry P

Garner, James W. .".' . . .

Hall, John W 52 26

Henderson, Moses. .51 26
Hinman, George B 52 26

Hurst, James R 51 27

Harbison, AD 52 27

Haynes, James P. .52 27
Huskisson Jacob. . .54 26
Haynes, J H. .*:... .53 27
Hughes, Ami...". ...53 27

Hamil, H. E 51 28

Harrison, Jno. L. : .51 28
Happv, Harvey.. T. .51 28
Happy, Elijah.. "..51 28
Hamilton, H. B. . . .52 29

Harris, LC 52 29

Hannah, Jos. J 51 29

Hauser, Adam 53 29

Hewlett, Thos. B. ..52 28
Hines, Joseph R. . . . 52 28
Haligan,R. B. . . . . .50 28

Hatfield, H.D 53 29

Hunter, Robt M....54 29
Huntsman, W. A... 53 29
Hightower, Elias. ..53 29

Holman, L. A 53 29

Holman, J.R...-. ...58 28
Hurt, James T..:.. 53 29

Hannas, Wm 54 29

Hurt, Wm. J 53 29

Hess, Moses 53 28

Hughes, Joseph S

Hughes, James. ..... .

Hughes, Chas. J.. 7.. ..

Hamilton, Jno. R. .7*. ..
Holman, W. A..T„.. ..

Hughes, Burnett. 7. ..

Hughes, Eli. . .-"

Hamacher, Jno. R. ._r". ..

Hubbell, Wm. P

Hamacher, O. N. . . .
Harper, Addison.. .53 26

Johnson, James. .". .52 26
Jackson, Andrew J . .51 28

Jones, Jno. R 52 29

Johnson, Jno. V...52 28

James, W. C 53 29

James, G. W 53 29

James, J. H 54 29

Jackson, Wm. R."

Jacobs, M. C. . r

Johnson, Chas

Jacobs, R. L.

POST-OFFICE. PAGE.

Lawson 666

Vibbard 672

Vibbard 673

Vibbard 678

Vibbard 679

Lawson 687

Richmond .... 524

Richmond 570

Richmond 538

Richmond 574

Richmond 523

Hardin 805

Hardin 811

Morton 797

Morton 591

Richmond 595

Tinney's Grove 726

Millville 757

Millville 752

Camden 607

Richmond 616

Camden 618

Richmond 625

Crab Orchard ..631

Orrick 633

Orrick 648

Vibbard 651

Richmond 587

Richmond 588

Orrick 627

Lawson 658

Lawson 663

Lawson 693

Vibbard 677

Vibbard 678

Vibbard 680

Lawson 682

Lawson 683

Lawson .... .689

Vibbard 691

Richmond 508

Richmond 510

Richmond 511

Richmond 518

Richmond 525

Richmond 558

Richmond 561

Richmond 563

Richmond . . . .565
Fox 738

Morton 784

Camden 610

Vibbard 652

Swanwick 589

Lawson 662

Lisbonville 671

Richmond 527

Richmond 566

Richmond 579

CONTENTS.

NAME. Tl' l<

King, Jno. 8 52 20

Keyea, Thos. H. . . .52 26

Kell, D. W 52 27

Kavanamrh.Chas. B.54 2K

Kelmel, Wm 54 28

Kincaid, James 53 27

Kincaid, A. C 53 27

Kincaid, Ricliie. . . .53 27

Kincaid, A.J 54 28

King, Wm. G 5128

King, Adriel 5128

Kite, Martin V 51 28

Killgrove, J. 0....52 29
Kirkham. Wm. N .51 29
Knight, William... 53 29
Kice, R. M.(D.D.S).. ..

I'lHT-Oh'PIUE. PAGE.

Hardin 804

Hardin 788

Richmond 590

Millville 724

Lentz, James H.... 52 26
Lentz, Nathan A... 52 26
Lavelock, Geo. W. .52 26
Lancaster, Wm. P. .52 27
Linvill, Thomas... 54 28
Linvill, John E.... 54 28

Larkov, John 52 28

Lilian!, Stanton R. .51 28
Letorgee. Milton 8.51 29
Lovd, Anderson D..51 28
Life, Thomas H-..53 2!)
Lavelock, Thas. N

Moore, John J 52

Mapel, Elijah T 52

Mcintosh, Thomas. 52

Mens, Isaiah 52

McGuire, 8am'l0..52
Mason, Samuel O. .52
McBee, Franklin. . .53
Mason, Robert W. .52
McCuisiion, J. H. .53

Miller, Robert G

Miller, Winfleld. ...54
McVev.Mrs. Harriet54

Milstead, John 54

Morris, Levi 54

Mathena, J. S 52

Mansur, Isaiah. . . .52

Maitlaud, Alex 52

Magill, Lorenzo S. 53
Mullin. Rev. Win... 53
Maddux, Julius A. .53
Magill, William... 52
Magill, Thomas' . . .52
Merideth, Willis... 51
McEnroe, James... 51

Miller, Joseph 51

McGinnis, Capt. T.51
Mri tinnia, .lames T.. .
McKissack, Wm. ..51
Mitchell, Geo. W. .51
MeVVharter, R. II .51

Mason, John 51

McGaugh, John J . .51

Mason, Oscar 51

Montgomery, G. W.53

Miller, Wm. A 53

M Donald, R 54

26
26
26
26

26
23
26

27
26

28
28
28
28
27
27
27
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28

29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29

Knoxville. -711

Knoxville 773

Knoxville 599

Camden 606

Richmond 615

Camden 619

New Garden. . .631

Orrick 643

Vibbard 681

Richmond 557

Hardin 803

Morton 793

Morton 792

Richmond 589

Knoxville 712

Knoxville 695

Richmond 599

Orrick 621

Orrick 636

Orrick 644

Vibbard 680

Richmond 554

Hardin 808

Hardin 810

Hardin 818

Hardin 788

Morton 785

Richmond 590

Fox 730

Richmond 591

Fox 737

672

Knoxville 708

Knoxville 713

Knoxville 697

Knoxville 696

Millville 758

Millville 760

Richmond 770

Richmond 779

Knoxville 715

Richmond 753

Richmond 603

Richmond 606

Camden 610

Camden 613

Camden 614

Richmond 617

Richmond 527

Orrick 634

Orrick 637

Orrick 640

Orrick 647

Orrick 652

Orrick 654

Lawson 659

Vibbard 668

Lisbonville 669

NAME, tp. r.

Moss, A. P 54 29

McDonald, W.G

McGaugh, Wm M..53 29
Mellon, John H....53 29

Mosby, W.W., M. D

McCuistion, Alex. A. t . .

Miller, Felix G

Marshall, Wm.

McDonald, M. F..r.. ..

Morton, John P. . .-

Mosby, C. A., M. D

Mansur, M., M. D.-.53 26
Mayes, David T. .. .54 28

POST-OFFICE. PAGE.

Lisbonville 669

Lisbonville ....671

Vibbard 691

Lawson 691

Richmond .... 549

Richmond 520

Richmond ....559

Richmond 564

Richmond.. ..567

Richmond 569

Richmond. ...579

Fox 743

Knoxville 707

Noble, Lewis H 52 26 Hardin 809

Nelson, Wm. W....53 26 Morton 742

Noel, James B.....53 27 Millville 748

Nation, Issa H 52 29 Crab Orchard. .632

Norvell. Maj. J. P. .-r. . . Richmond 560

Ohphant, Ralph.-. .52 27 Richmond 762

Ogtr, Thos. J. ...... .52 28 Crab Orchard . .597

Ogg, N. B 52 28 Richmond 598

Oliphant, Alexander. . . (Deceased) 584

Oster, Leonard G. . .54 26 Wilmot 744

Paxton, S. A 51

Proctor, James B. . .52

Porter, Jno. C 52

Peeler, Rev. N. B.\52

Peters. Wm. S 52

Pope, Abraham. . . .53
Pugh, James M r. .53

Post, Nelson 54

Pettus, Joseph 53

Pickering, Joseph. .52
Prichard, Robt. A:. 51
Pinekney, William. 51

Pieg, N. B 51

Painter, Wm. D 52

Page, Henry 52

Palmer, C. N 53

Piercey, Milton. . . 54
Porterfield, Thos. .1.51

Patton. Wm. C.r.

Patton, J no. T. ."?....
Palmer, Randolph . . .
Perry, Joseph B...54

Priest, LukeD 51

Perdue, Henry C.^. .51

29 Orrick 656

26 Hardin 804

26 Morton 796

27 Richmond 592

27 Richmond 596

26 Pox 729

26 Morton ...738

27 Georgeville . . . .703

27 Millville 774

28 Richmond 601

28 Camden 608

28 Camden 617

29 Orrick 639

28 Swanwick 589

28 Richmond 586

29 Lawson 663

29 Lawson 667

36 Hardin 806

. . Richmond 563

. . Richmond 565

. . Richmond 575

26 Tinney's Grove. 722

28 Richmond ....624

29 Orrick 636

Quarles, Wm. M. . .53 27 Millville 751

Quesenberry, D. H Richmond 544

Quesenberry, Jno. P. . . Richmond 572

Roach, Wm. J ....52 26

Reyburn,Jno. D 52 26

Remelins, Frank. . .52 27

Russell, Wm 53 26

Robinson, Silas CV.53 26
Rhodes, David B...53 26
Ross, Jno. A. . .-. . . .54 26

Ritter, Moses. . . . . .54 27

Ren fro, Henry. /:. .53 27
Robertson, Cleason.53 28
Robinson, Geo. E..53 28

Hardin 805

Hardin 816

Richmond 594

Fox 726

Fox 732

Fox 740

Tinney's Grove. 745

Taitsville 704

Millville 747

Richmond 714

Vibbard 719

CONTENTS.

NAME. TP. B.

Russell, J. B 53 28

Rowland, Jesse D. .52 29
Ross, Franklin J. ..51 29
Rhodes, Dennis A. .51 29

- Rothrock, Thos. A . . 51 29

Riffe, Isaac M 51 29

Rimmer, William.. 51 29

Riffe, A.J 5128

Reniley, Arthur B. .51 28

Ralph," Z. D 51 28

Roberts, Jesse T. . .54 29

Robinett, E. M 54 29

Raum, Joseph H ... 53 29

"» Reyburn, Adam K

Seward, Riley V...52 26
Simmerman, R R. .52 2(5
Spurlock, MM.... 52 26
Starr, Alexander. . 52 26

Starr, John A 52 26

Sitterman, Henry J 51 27
Shrum, John C. . . .54 26
Stratton, Daniel H.53 26
Shirkey, Samuel B.53 26
Stephenson, S H. . .54 27

Switzer, John 54 27

^Sater, Henry W ... 54 27
\Shimniin, Thomas. 54 28

* Smith, HC 53 27

• Sc.hooler,Nathan H 53 '27

Stanley, Jacob 53 27

Schooler, Wm. M..53 27

Settle, Hiram P 53 27

Sloan, Henderson. .53 38
Sanderson, George. 5:-} 28
Smith, Wm. J..'. ..53 28
Smith, Pevton T...52 28
Searcy, Orville H..53 29
Suits, James M. . . .51 28

Sacry, John 51 28

Stout, Elijah 51 28

Stevinson, John. . . .51 28
Shepard, David B. .51 29
Sisk, Allen, Rev... 52 29
Sturgis, Benjamin. .54 29
Starkey, John R . . . 53 29
Stockwell, J M . . . 54 29
Scantling, Henry A 53 29

Swiekard, AP 54 29

Spencer, Joel F 53 29

Scantling, Wm. J. .53 29
Sloan, Thomas A. .53 29
Savage, Stephen . . .53 29
Smith, Joseph A. . .53 29
Smith, Jedediah. . .53 29
Smith, Wm. W....53 29

Sevjer, Robert

Shotwell, John W

Shaw, Thomas L. .-. . .

Stone, George A

Smith, J W, M D

Shoop, Joseph S

Sevier, Charles

Singleton, WT

Trigg, Haden 52 26

Thompson, Austin. 52 26

POST-OFFICE. PAGE.

Vibbard 720

Orrick 634

Orrick 635

Orrick 637

Orrick 642

Orrick 647

Orrick 649

Orrick 628

Orrick 626

Camden 629

Lawson 695

Lawson 668

Lawson 685

Richmond 578

Hardin 803

Hardin 818

Morton 794

Hardin 790

Hardin 791

Henry 789

Tinney's; Grove 724

Fox 737

Fox 741

Georgeville . . .700

Taitsville 700

Georgeville . . . .702

Kuoxville 710

Millville 758

Millville 766

Millville 769

Millville 775

Richmond 777

Rayville 717

Vibbard 718

Vibbard 722

Richmond 585

Crab Orchard. .602

Camden 609

Camden 611

Richmond 623

Orrick 623

Orrick 641

New Garden. . .651

Lawson 664

Vibbard 639

Lawson 6U^

Vibbard 6W,

Lisbonville . .:. .674

Vibbard 6*?6

Vibbard ..676'

Vibbard ..678

Vibbard 680

Lawson 683

(Deceased 688

Lawson 688

(Deceased) 506

Richmond 519

Richmond 554

Richmond 557

Richmond 560

Richmond 571

Richmond 579

Hardin 813

Morton 793

NAME. TP. R.

Tait. John.. 54 27

Tiffin, Jno. C 54 28

Tiffiu, Clayton.. ...54 28
Teegarden, Aaron. .53 28
Thomas, Geo. W...51 28

Taylor, M. G 51 29

Tucker, Dan'l H. Sr.51 29
Tucker, James L... 51 29
Tarwater, Samuel. .51 29

Thomas, W. F 53 29

Trout, James M. C.54 29
-Tiffin, Edward P...53 29

Turner, John W

Thompson, J. B.... 53 29

Taylor, James D

Trigg, Geo. W

Thompson, D. A...53 28
Tompkins, Wm. S... ..

Vanderpool, H 52 28

Vantrump, Reuben. 53 26
Vantrump, Jacob. .53 26
Van bebber, James. .53 27
Vaughn, Thos. S...52 29
Vandeveer, James . . 50 28

Wall,Robt.V 52 26

Walker, F. J... . .52 26

Wright, L. B. .....52 26

Williams, W. A. ...51 27

Weekes, Mifflin B.. 54 26
Weekes, Jacob A. . .54 26
Wollard.Wm. S....53 26

Wollard, Thos. Hr.53 26
Wilson, Wm. T....53 26

Walters, Jackson. . .54 27
Withers, Wm. P...54 28

Wells, Andrew 53 27

Wall, Kedar. .... ..53 27

Wood, Robert A.-. .53 27
Wilson, J W C, Sr.53 28
Wilson, William. . .52 28
Weigles, John P...51 28
Woodroof, RH....51 28

White, Wm. A 5128

Worley, Willis. . 51 28
Wells, William A.. 51 29
Weber, John E. . . .52 29

'Wood, L H 5129

Weakley, J C 53 29

Winger, Griffin. .. .54 29
Williams, G W S..53 29

Wright, C P 53 29

Watkins, WL..

Whitmer, David P

Woodson, Thos. D

Wasson, George I

Woodson, Philip J

Wasson, John A

"Fates, Win. F, M D. 52 26

Yates, James T 51 26

Young, Ambrose. . .53 27
Young Sebron S...53 27
Young, John T....53 27
Young, Warren. . . .53 27
Zeiseness, Henry. . .54 27
Zur Megede Louis. .— . .

POST-OFFICE. PAGE.

Knoxville 701

Knoxville 709

Knoxville 697

Knoxville 721

Camden 611

Orrick 641

Orrick 654

Missouri City . .655

Orrick 656

Lawson 667

Lisbonville 674

Vibbard 675

Lawson 681

Lawson 682

Richmond 555

Richmond 778

Richmond 577

Richmond 583

Fox 732

Fox 746

Millville 772

Crab Orchard.. 632
Orrick 626

Morton 802

Morton 791

Morton 7*>7

Henry 789-

Tinney's Grove. 723
Tinney's Grove. 723

Fox 730

Fox 741

Fox 747

Taitsville 701

Kuoxville 710

.Millville 757

Millville ..764

Millville 767

Knoxville 779

Richmond .598

Camden 619

Orrick 620

Richmond 621

Orrick 624

Orrick 639

Vibbard 652

Orrick 653

Lawrson 660

Converse ...... 664

Lawson 666

Lawson 685

Lawson 689

Richmond 529

Richmond 533

Richmond 537

Richmond 535

Richmond 529

Morton 802

Morton 794

Millville 764

Millville..... ..765

Millville..., ....765

Millville 767

Georgeville.. . .698
Richmond . . . .571

- -

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History of the State of Missouri.

PART L— HISTORICAL AND POLITICAL.

INTRODUCTORY.

When a book is written, it is presumed that the writer had some object
in view and some end to achieve by his labor in collecting the material
and writing the book; and it is right that he should put himself on good
terms with his readers at the outset by making a brief, but frank and
honest statement of his object, plan and purpose in the book which he
offers to public patronage. The writer of this History of Missouri has
aimed to embody in a brief space the greatest amount of solid and reliable
information about things which directly hinge and center upon or within
the territory of this State — this international commonwealth, which holds
by right divine the royal prerogative of a destiny imperial and grand, if
she can acquire or develop human brain and muscle adequate to utilize
wisely, honorably and energetically her magnificent natural resources,
both of commercial position and of agricultural and mineral wealth. The
writer's desire and effort has been to present nothing which would not be
read with deep interest by every intelligent citizen of Missouri at the
present time; and also stand as a permanent body of information, at once
useful and reliable for future reference. Discussion of theories, problems
or doubtful matters has been avoided; solid facts have been diligently
sought after; and the narrative has been made to embody as many facts
and events as possible without falling into the dry-bones method of mere
statistical tables. In fact, the limit of space allotted him has compelled the
writer to condense, epitomize, shorten up — and therefore continually to
repress his desire to embellish the narrative with the graces of rhetoric
and the glow of an exuberant and fervid enthusiasm. This, however,
secures to the reader more facts within the same space.

In preparing this work more than a hundred volumes have been con-
sulted, to collate incidents and authenticate dates and facts, besides much
matter gathered from original sources and not before embraced in anv
1

10 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.

book. It is not presumed that there are no mistakes or errors of state-
ment herein made; but it is believed that there are fewer of such lapses
than commonly occur with the same amount of data in similar works.
The classification of topics is an attempt to give them a consecutive and
consistent relative place and order in the book, for convenience of inci-
dental reference or of selective reading.

PRE-HISTORIC MISSOURI.

THE MOUND-BUILDERS, Etc.

Every State has a pre-historic history — that is, remains and relics are
found which show that the land was inhabited by a race or races of men
long before its discovery and occupation by a race sufficiently advanced
in the arts of civilization to preserve a written record of their own
observations and doings. It is now well established that every portion of
the United States was inhabited by a race of men grouped under the
general name of " Mound-builders," who preceded the modern hunter
tribes called "Indians." It further appears, from all the evidence accumu-
lated, that the Mound-builders were a race that made permanent settle-
ments, and built earthworks of considerable extent for defense against
enemies, both man and beast; also for sepulture, for religious rites, and
for memorial art; it is also evident that they cultivated the soil to some
extent, made rude textile fabrics and clay pottery, and wrought imple-
ments of domestic use, ornaments, charms, toys, pipes, etc., and weapons
of war and of the chase, from flint, porphyry, jasper, hornstone, granite,
slate, and other varieties of rocks; also from horn, bone, shells, and other
animal products; and from native copper. But they had no knowledge
of iron, nor any art of smelting copper; they merely took small pieces of
the native ore and hammered it cold with their stone tools until it took
some rude shape of utility, and then they scoured and polished it to its
utmost brilliancy; and it is altogether probable that these articles were
only possessed by the chieftains or ruling families. Plates of mica are
also found among their remains, with holes for suspension on cords
around the neck or body; and lumps of galena or lead ore sometimes
occur, but these must have been valued merely as trinkets or charms,
because of their lustre. Remains of this people are found frequently
both on the bluffs and bottom lands of the Mississippi and Missouri
rivers, and, in many States, far inland, also.

The first mention of such remains in Missouri is made by a U. S.

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 11

exploring expedition under Major S. H. Long, in 1819. This expedition
went in the first steamboat that ever purled and paddled its way against
the swift, muddy current of the Missouri river: *the boat was named
" Western Engineer,1' but it had a double stern-wheel, or two wheels, one
of them named in large letters, 'James Monroe," and the other '-John
C. Calhoun," in honor of the then President and Secretary of War.
This steamer had to stop at St. Louis for some repairs; and two members
of the expedition, Messrs. Thomas Say and T. R. Peale, improved the
time bv surveying a group of twenty-seven ancient mounds which occu-
pied ground that is now all covered over by the modern city of St. Louis.
This occurred in June, 1819; Mr. Say prepared a map of the mounds
and a brief account of them, and this appears to be the first authentic
record of such ancient works within the territory now constituting the
State of Missouri; his notes on these mounds were published in 1S23, in
the report of Major Long's expedition, but his map of them was never
published until 1862, when it appeared on page 387 of the " Smithsonian
Report" for the year 1861. In his account Mr. Say says:

"Tumuli and other remains of the labors of nations of Indians (?) that
inhabited this region many ages since are remarkablv numerous about
St. Louis. Those tumuli immediately northward of the town and within
a short distance of it, are twenty-seven in number, of various forms and
magnitudes, arranged nearly in a line from north to south. The common
form is an oblong square, and they all stand on the second bank of the
river. * It seems probable these piles of earth were raised

as cemeteries, or thev may have supported altars for religious cer-
emonies."

It was from these mounds that St. Louis derived her pseudonym of the
"Mound City"; but this name is now almost entirely obsolete, since the
city has risen up to claim the prouder title of "Inter-Metropolis of North
America". When the largest one of the mounds was leveled some
skeletons were found, and some thick discs with holes through them;
they had probably served as beads, and were wrought from shells of a spe-
cies of fresh water clam or mussel. Numerous specimens of -wrought flints
were found between St. Louis and Carondelet, in 1860; and in 1861 an
ancient flint shovel was dug up while building military earthworks.

In Mississippi county, in the southeastern corner of the State, there is a
group of mounds covering ten acres, in section 6, t. 24, r. 17, varying
from ten to thirty feet in height. About 1S55 these mounds were
explored by two gentlemen from Chicago, and they found some pottery,
with men represented upon its sides; one figure appeared to be a priest
or some official personage, as shown by his head-dress, and the other

* Campbell's History of Howard County says: " May 28th, 1819, the first steamboat —
the ' Independence,' Capt. Nelson, time from St. Louis, including all stops, twelve days —
landed at Franklin on her way up the [Missouri] river." Thus it seems that Major Long's
boat was really the second one to go up, although in most histories it is mentioned as the
first — and it was the first that went up any great distance.

12 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.

represented a captive bound with thongs. Both figures showed the
peculiar contour of head and features which marks the mound-builder
race.

In December, 1868, some laborers engaged in grading Sixth street, in
East St. Louis, dug up a nest of unused flint hoes or shovels, and another
deposit of shells with string-holes worked in them, and another deposit of
boulders of flint and greenstone, ready to make more tools or weapons
from. These deposits were on high ground, and about half-way between
two ancient mounds.

In 1876 or 1877 some ancient mounds were discovered on the banks of
the Missouri river near Kansas City. They were in groups of three
and five together, at different points for five miles up and down the river.
Some were built entirely of earth, and some had a rude stone chamber or
vault inside, but covered with earth so that all looked alike outside. They
were of an irregular oval shape, from four to six feet high, and had
heavy growths of timber on top. Mr. W. H. R. Lykins, of Kansas
City, noticed a burr-oak tree five feet in diameter, growing on top of
one of them, and the decayed stump of a black walnut of about the same
size, on another. In describing the exploration of some of these mounds
Mr. Lykins gives some points that will be of interest to every one. He
says :

" We did not notice any very marked peculiarity as to these bones
except their great size and thickness, and the great prominence of the
supraciliary ridges. The teeth were worn down to a smooth and even
surface. The next one we opened was a stone mound. On clearing off
the top of this we came upon a stone wall inclosing an area about eight
feet square, with a narrow opening for a doorway or entrance on the
south side. The wall of this inclosure was about two feet thick; the
inside was as smooth and compactly built and the corners as correctly
squared as if constructed by a practical workman. No mortar had been
used. At a depth of about two feet from the top of the wall we found a
layer of five skeletons lying with their feet toward the south." *

None of the other walls examined were so skilfully laid as this one.
The bones were crumbly, and only a few fragments were preserved by
coating them well with varnish as quickly as possible after they were
exposed to the air. One stone enclosure was found full of ashes, char-
coal and b»rnt human bones, and the stones and earth of which the
mound was composed all showed the effects of fire. Hence it is pre-
sumed that this was either a cremation furnace or else an altar for human
sacrifices — most probably the latter. Some fragments of pottery were
found in the vicinity.

L. C. Beck in 1823f reported some remains in the territory now con-
stituting Crawford county, Missouri, which he thought showed that there

* Smithsonian Report, 1877, p. 252.

f Gazetteer of Illinois and Missouri, published by L. C. Beck, in 1826-23.

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 13

was in old time a town there, with streets, squares, and houses built with
stone foundations and mud walls. He also mentions the ruins of an
ancient stone building described to him by Gen. Ashley, as situated on a
high cliff on the west side of the Gasconade river. And another one said to
be in Pike county, is thus described: " It presents the dilapidated remains
of a building constructed of rough, unhewn stones, fifty-six feet long and
twenty-two broad, embracing several divisions and chambers. The
walls are from two to five feet high. Eighty rods eastward of this
structure is found a smaller one of similar construction. The narrow
apartments are said to be arched with stone, one course overlapping the
.other, after the manner of the edifices of Central America."

I. Dille, Esq., of Newark, Ohio, reported that he had examined some
of these pre-historic town ruins, in the vicinity of Mine-la-Motte and
Fredericktown, in Madison county, Missouri. He speaks of them as
groups of small tumuli, and says: "I have concluded they are the
remains of mud houses. They are always arranged in straight lines,
with broad streets intervening between them, crossing each other at right
angles. The distance apart varies in different groups, but it is always
uniform in the same group. * * I have counted upwards of
two hundred of these mounds in a single group. Arrow heads of jasper
and agate, and axes of sienite and porphyry have been found in their
vicinity." *

Mounds or other pre-historic structures have been found on Spencer's
creek in Ralls count v; on Cedar creek in Boone county; on Crow's Fork
and other places in Callaway county; near Berger Station in Franklin
county; near Miami in Saline county; on Blackwater river in John-
son county; on Salt river in Pike county; on Prairie Fork in Mont-
gomery county; near New Madrid; and in many other parts of the
State.

The class of ancient ruins, partly built of stone, said to exist in
Clay, Crawford, Pike and Gasconade counties, Missouri, are not found
further north, but are frequent enough further south, and are supposed
to indicate a transitional period in the development of architectural
knowledge and skill, from the grotesque earth-mounds of Wisconsin to
the well-finished adobe structures of New Mexico, and the grander stone
ruins of Yucatan. But, no matter what theory we adopt with regard to
these pre-historic relics, the present citizens of Missouri can rest assured
that a different race of human beings lived and flourished all over this
region of country, hundreds — yes, thousands of years ago, and that they
were markedly different in their modes of life from our modern Indians.

* Many large and costly works have been published by scientists, devoted to the general
subject of Pre-Historic Man; but of cheap and popular works for the general reader, the
best are Foster's "Pre-Historic Races of the United States"; and Baldwin's "Ancient
America".

14 * HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.

And there are at least two discoveries known which show that these people
were here before the extinction of the mastodon, or great American
elephant. In the " Transactions of the St. Louis Academy of Sciences,"
1857, Dr. Kock reports that in the year 1S39 he dug up in Gasconade
county [as that county then was] the bones of a mastodon, near the
Bourbeuse river. The skeleton of this gigantic creature was buried in
such a position as to show that it had got its hind legs down in a bog so
deeply that it could not climb out, although its fore feet were on dry
ground. The natives had attacked it with their flint arrows and spears,
most of which were found in a broken condition; but they had finally
managed to build a big fire so close to its head as to burn it to death, the
head-bones and tusks being found all burnt to coals. The account of
this discovery was first printed in the Philadelphia Presbyterian, Jan. 12,
1839, and copied into the "American Journal of Science " the same year.
The authenticity of the incident has been disputed, on the assumed
ground that man did not exist as long ago as when the mastodon roamed
over these pre-historic plains; but science now has indisputable evidence
that man existed even in the Tertiary age of the geological scale, (see
note to chart in chapter on Geology) long before the glacial epoch; hence
that objection has no force at present.

Dr. Koch further reports that about a year after unearthing the Gas-
conade countv monster, he again found in the bottom land of the Pom-
me-de-Terre river, in Benton county, a nearly complete skeleton of the
great extinct beast called Afissonriuni, with arrow-heads under it in such
a way as to show beyond question that they were made and used while
the animal was alive. This skeleton is now in the British Museum. *

Unman footprints have been found in the rocks at De Soto in Jefferson
•county, also in Gasconade county, and at St. Louis. H. R. Schoolcraft,
in his book of travels in the Mississippi river country in 1821, said of
these footprints: "The impressions in the stone are, to all appearance,
those of a man standing in an erect posture, with the left foot a little
advanced, and the heels drawn in. The distance between the heels, by
accurate measurement, is 6£ inches and between the extremities of the
toes 13^ inches. The length of these tracks is 10^ inches; across the
toes 4^ inches as spread out, and but 2£ at the heel."

Our eminent U. S. Senator, Thomas H. Benton, wrote a letter April
29th, 1822, in which he says: "The prints of the human feet which you
mention, I have seen hundreds of times. They were on the uncovered
limestone rock in front of the town of St. Louis. The prints were seen
when the country was first settled, and had the same appearance then as
now. No tradition can tell anything about them. They look as old
as the rock. They have the same fine polish which the attrition of the

* Sec Foster's " Pre-Historic Races of the United States," pp. 62-3-4-5-6.

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 15'

sand and water has made upon the rest of the rock which is exposed to
their action. I have examined them often with great attention. They
are not handsome, but exquisitely natural, both in the form . and position.
* * A block 6 or 8 feet long and 3 or 4 feet wide, containing the
prints, was cut out by Mr. John Jones, in St. Louis, and sold to Mr*
Rappe, of New Harmony, Indiana."*

Prof. G. C. Broadhead, and some other writers, think these were not
natural impression of human feet, but sculptures made by hand. This
theory requires a belief that the pre-historic men of Missouri had tools
with which thev could cut the most delicate lines in hard rocks; and that
they studied the human form in its finest details ot muscular action and
attitude, and had the art of sculpturing these things so as to look "exqui-
sitely natural" as Col. Benton expresses it — thus rivalling, if not excelling
the most famous sculptors of ancient Greece; all of which is wholly incon-
sistent with the known facts. And besides this, there is no better geolog-
ical reason for doubting their genuineness as natural footprints, than there
is in the case of the famous bird and reptile tracks in the sandstones of
Connecticut, or those found by Prof. Mudge in Kansas, in 1873. There
is no valid reason, either of an aesthetic, historical, or scientific nature, for
pronouncing them anything but just what the)7 show themselves to be —
fossil footprints of a man wno stood in the mud barefooted ; and in course
of time that mud became solid stone, preserving his footprints just as he
left their exact impression in the plastic material.

THE WHITE RACE IN MISSOURI.

SPANISH AND FRENCH DISCOVERERS.

In 1512 the Spanish adventurer Ponce de Leon discovered Florida; and
at this time and for some years after the old countries of Europe were filled
with the wildest and most extravagant stories about the inexhaustible mines
of gold, silver and precious stones that existed in the country north of the
Gulf of Mexico ; also of great and populous cities containing fabulous wealth,,
beyond what Pizarro and Cortes had found in Peru and Mexico. And
besides all this, the "fountain of perpemal youth," which all Europe had gone
crazy after, about this time, was supposed to be in that region. Indeed,
it can hardly be doubted that the Spaniards in Mexico had gathered from
the natives some inkling of the wonderful healing waters now known as

'* See Smithsonian Report, 1879, pp. 357-58. Also "American Antiquities," by Josiah,
Priest, 1833, pp. 1850-51-52.

16 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.

Hot Springs, Arkansas, and the brilliant quartz crystals found in that
region, as well as the glittering ores of Missiouri.

Ferdinand de Soto was a wealthy cavalier who had won fame as a
leading commander in Pizarro's conquest of Peru; he imbibed deeply the
current imaginings about tin* undiscovered wonders of the new world,
and was eager to immortalize his name by bringing to his king and coun-
try the glory of still more important conquests and discoveries; and he
especially desired to find the supposed " fountain of perpetual youth."
Accordinglv, in L538 lie received permission from the king of Spain to
conquer Florida at his own cost — "Florida" then meaning all the
unknown country from the Gulf of Mexico to the Northern ocean. He
collected a band of more than six hundred young bloods who were able
to equip themselves in all the gorgeous trappings and splendor of a Span-
ish cavalier dress parade, and with this plumed and tinselled troupe, very
like the grand entree riders of a modern circus, he landed in Tampa Bay,.
Florida, in 15:}!'. From here he boldly struck out into the inierior, wan-
dering about and pushing forward with dogged perseverance, in spite of
bogs and streams and bluffs; in spite of tangling thickets and dense for-
ests; in spile of heats and rains; in spite of the determined hostility of
the natives — until in May, 1541, he discovered the Great River, a few
miles below where the city of Memphis now stands: and thus he made
his name memorable for all time. After some delay, to construct boats,.
they crossed the river and pushed on northward as far as where the city of
New Madrid now stands; and this was the first time that the eyes of white
men looked upon any portion of the soil now comprised within the State
of Missouri." But, so fruitless was this visit that no white man set foot
within our present State boundary again until one hundred and thirty-two
years afterward, when the French missionaries, Marquette and Joliet,
came from the great lakes down the Wisconsin and Mississippi rivers, to
the mouth of the Missouri, in June, 1673. This was the first time white
men had beheld the waters of this great stream, and they named it Pcki-
tonoui, or "Muddy Water River". It was known by this name until
about 1710 or 1712, when it began to be called "the river of the Mis-
souris," referring to a tribe of Indians that dwelt at its mouth, chiefly on
the lands now comprised in St. Louis county. Marquette and Joliet went
on down the river as far south as the mouth of the Arkansas river, of course
making several camping stops on Missouri soil, and discovering the Ohio
river. From the Arkansas they returned northward the same way they

• De Sold and his army came into Missouri trom the south, twice crossing the Ozark
mountains. He Bpenl the winter of 1541-42 in Vernon county, in the extreme western
part of the State. Ruins Of their winter camp structures and smelting operations are still
found there. They melted lead ore for silver, and the glittering, lustrous, yellow, zinc
blende or Smithsonite for gold; but were deeply disgusted to find at last that they had
been handling only the basest metals

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 17

came down, and reached Green Bay, Wisconsin, again in September of
that year— 1673.

The next visit of white men to this State was in 1682. In 167S the
French had built a fort with a missionary station and trading post, near
where the city of Peoria, Ills., now stands. During the winter of 1681
-82, Robert de la Salle made preparations, first in Canada, and then at
this Illinois fort, to explore the Mississippi river to its mouth. He left the
fort with a company of twenty Frenchmen, eighteen Indian men and ten
squaws, in such boats and canoes as he could provide. They rowed down
the Illinois river and reached its mouth on the 6th of February; a few
days were spent here making observations, repairing boats, preparing
food, and establishing signals that they had been there and taken posses-
sion of the land in the name of their great king. By February 13th La Salle
was ready to push on, and started with his little fleet to solve the great
mystery of a navigable waterway to the Gulf of Mexico. Of course this
expedition passed along the eastern border of Missouri, but no points are
mentioned to identify any landing which they may have made within our
State. Early in April La Salle accomplished the grand object of his ven-
ture by discovering the three principal mouths of the Mississippi; and on
the nearest firm dry land he could find from the mouth he set up a col-
umn bearing the cross and the royal arms of France, while the whole
company performed the military and religious rites of loyalty to their
king and country — and La Salle himself, acting as chief master of cere-
monies, in a clear, loud voice proclaimed that, he took possession of all
the country between the great gulf and the frozen ocean, "in the name of
the most high, mighty and victorious prince, Louis the Great, by the
grace of God king of France and Navarre, 14th of the name, this 9th day
of April, 1682." In honor of his sovereign he named the whole vast
region Louisiana — that is, Louis' land, and named the river itself St.
Louis. And thus it was that our State of Missouri first became a part
of historic Louisiana, and passed under the nominal ownership and
authority of France.

The next historic appearance of white men within our State was in
1705. The French settlers in this vast new country had kept themselves
entirely on the east side of the Mississippi river; but during this year
they sent an exploring party up the Missouri river in search of gold ; it
prospected as far as the mouth of the Kansas river, where Kansas City
now stands, without finding anything valuable, and returned disheartened
and disgusted. On September 14, 1712, the king of France, Louis XIV,
gave to a wealthy French merchant named Anthony Crozat, a royal patent
of " all the country drained by the waters emptying directly or indirectly
into the Mississippi, which is all included in the boundaries of Louisiana."
Crozat appointed his business partner, M. de la Motte, governor, and he
2

18 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.

arrived in 1713; Kaskaskia, Illinois, was then the provincial headquarters,
and source of supplies for Upper Louisiana, which was also sometimes
called Illinois; but New Orleans was the nominal seat of government for
the whole Louisiana territory. The old town of Mine-la-Motte, in Mad-
ison county, commemorates this first governor. Crozat expected to find
inexhaustible mines of gold and silver in this territory, and spent immense
sums of money in vain efforts to attain his object. Practical miners were
sent everywhere that the natives reported any glittering substance to exist.
The explorers found iron, zinc, copper, lead, mica, pyrites, quartz crystals,
etc., in great abundance, but no gold, silver or diamonds; and after five
years of disastrous failure and disappointment, in 1717, Crozat returned his
luckless charter to the king.

Next, in 1716 an adventurous Scotchman named John Law, got up a
grand scheme for making everybody rich without work, and induced the
French king and court and people to engage in it. This wild financial
venture is known in history as the " Mississippi bubble," the " South Sea
bubble," etc. The charter of Louisiana and monopoly of all its trade was
given to a corporation, called the " Company of the West," whose cap-
ital stock was to be 100,000,000 francs, with power to issue stock in small
shares, and establish a bank, etc. Shares rose to twenty times their
original value, and the bank's notes, though essentially worthless, were
in circulation to the amount of more than $200,000,000. Law himself
sunk $500,000 in the scheme; but it bursted, as bodiless as a bag of wind;
while he, the originator and manager of it, had to escape from Paris for
his life, and died poor at Venice in 1729. In 1731 the charter of Louis-
iana was again returned to the crown. However, the excitement over
this great scheme for making fabulous wealth out of nothing, had
brought man}- adventurous Frenchmen into the territory as gold-hunters,
who failing in that, worked some of the lead mines, and sent their pro-
ducts back to Europe.

In 172<> or 1721, an enterprising Frenchman named Renault took
charge of a large lead mining enterprise. He brought M. La Motte,
who was a professional mineralogist, with about two hundred expert
miners and metallurgists, and five hundred negroes, to develop the mineral
wealth that actually did exist. He made his headquarters at Fort de Char-
tres, on the Illinois side, ten miles above St. Genevieve, and sent out explor-
ing and working parties to locate mining camps west of the Great River.
Mine-la-Motte, in Madison county, was one of the first of these loca-
tions; also Potosi and Old Mine in Washington county; and many
others. In 1765 a few families located at Potosi. Much of the mining
was surface work — hence, scattered and transitory; and their smelting
operations were merely to melt the ore in a wood fire and then clear away
the ashes and gather up the lumps of lead. This was carried to

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 19

the river on pack-horses or on rude ox-carts, and thence shipped to New
Orleans by fleets of drifting keel-boats, which returned laden with for-
eign goods. Many of the immigrants of this period also engaged in
agriculture, especially in Illinois, so that there really began to be a settled
occupation of the country, as a final outcome of the greatest speculative
delusion known to history. Lippincott's Gazetteer of the World says:
" Fort Orleans, near where Jefferson City now stands, was built by the
French in 1719"; this was a temporary safeguard for John Law's crazy
gold-hunters, but did not make a permanent settlement. Kaskaskia, now
in Randolph county, Ills., was settled by the French in 1673, and was
for about a century the metropolis of the vast territory sometimes called
"Upper Louisiana," sometimes "Illinois," and sometimes the "Northwestern
Territory." And in 1735 some emigrants from Kaskaskia, moved across
the Great River and made a settlement at what is now St. Genevieve,
Missouri, which was the first permanent white settlement made and
maintained within the State; the previous adventurers in search of min-
eral wealth had located mining camps at several points, but had not
established any permanent town or trading post.

The next settlement that can be historically traced to its origin was
that of St. Louis. A Frenchman named Pierre Liguest Laclede,* who
lived in New Orleans in 1762, organized the " Louisiana Fur Company,"
under a charter from the director-general of the province of Louisiana;
this charter gave them the exclusive right to carry on the fur trade with
the Indians bordering on the Missouri river, and west of the Mississippi,
" as far north as the river St. Peter" (the same that is now called the Min-
nesota river, and empties into the Mississippi at Fort Snelling). Laclede
seems to have formed a definite plan and purpose to establish a permanent
trading post at some point in Upper Louisiana, for he made up a company
of professional trappers, hunters, mechanics, laborers, and boatmen, and
with a supply of goods suitable for the Indian trade, they left New
Orleans in August, 1763, bound for the mouth of the Missouri river.
The manner of navigating these boats against the current of the Missis-
sippi for a distance of 1,194 miles, was of the most rude, primitive and
laborious sort. Sometimes when the wind was favorable they could sail
a little; but the main dependence was by means of push-poles and tow-
ropes. The boats were long and narrow, with a plank projecting six or
eight inches on each side. The boat would of course keep near the shore;
a man at each side, near the bow of the boat, would set his pole on the
river bottom, then brace his shoulder against the top of the pole with

* Campbell's Gazetteer of Missouri says this man's family name was Liguest; B.
Gratz Brown gives it in Johnson's Cyclopedia as Lingueste; but the man himself appears
to have written his name Laclede, of the firm of Laclede, Moxan & Co., who constituted
the historic "Louisiana Fur Company."

20 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.

all his might, and as the boat moved under him he would walk along
the narrow plank until he reached the stern, and the boat had thus been
propelled forward the distance of its length ; then he would walk back
to the bow, dragging his pole along in the water, set it on the bottom
and push again as before. And thus it was that the rugged pioneers of
civilization in the new world for more that a hundred years navigated
the Mississippi, Ohio, Missouri, Illinois, Wisconsin, and some other rivers,
with what were in later years called keel-boats. But sometimes, for a
rest, or when the beach was favorable, a gang of men would go ashore
with a long rope attached to the boat, and thus tow it along against the
current, or they would tie the forward end to a tree or snag and let those
on the boat pull in the rope and thus draw the boat along — meanwhile
those on shore going ahead with another rope, making another tie — and
so on; this was called "warping"; but when it was necessary to cross
the stream they had recourse to oars or paddles. It took Laclede three
months in this way to get from New Orleans up to St. Genevieve, or
Fort de Chartres, the military post on the east side a few miles further up
the river, where he arrived on the third of November. Here he left his
goods and part of his company, but taking a few picked men, he himself
pushed on to the mouth of the Missouri. He seems to have had a sort of
prophetic forecast that this was the right spot,to locate the future trading
post for all that vast region of country which was drained by the two prin-
cipal great rivers of the new world. At the mouth of the Missouri he
found no site that suited him for a town, and he turned back down the
Mississippi, carefully exploring the west bank until he reached the high,
well protected and well drained location where the city of St. Louis now
stands. This was the nearest spot to the mouth of the Missouri which
at all met his idea, and he began at once to mark the place by chopping
notches in some of the principal trees. This was in December, 1763.
He then returned to the fort and pushed on his preparations for the new
settlement, saying enthusiastically to the officers of the fort that he had
"found a situation where he was going to plant his colony; and the site
was so fine, and had so many advantages of position for trade with all
this region of country, that it might in time become one of the finest cities
in America"

Early in February, 1764, a company of thirty men, in charge of
Auguste Chouteau, set out from Fort de Chartres and arrived at the
chosen spot on the 14th. The next day all hands went to work clearing
the ground and building a storehouse for the goods and tools, and cabins
for their own habitation. In April Laclede himself joined them and pro-
ceeded to lay out the village plat, select a site for his own residence, and
name the town Saint Louis, in honor of his supposed sovereign, Louis XV.
This very territory had been yielded up to Spain in 1762, but these loyal

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 21

Frenchmen in naming their new town after the French king never
dreamed that thev were then and for nearly two years had been Spanish
subjects, instead of French; the unwelcome news had reached New
Orleans in the same month, April, but did not arrive at St. Louis until late
in the year; and when it came the inhabitants were appropriately wroth
and indignant, for they hated Spain with a fighting hatred. However, the
change made very little practical difference to the town or its people. In
1763 all the French possessions on the east side of the Mississippi river,
and also Canada, had been ceded to England, but it was late in 1764
before the English authorities arrived to take possession of Kaskaskia, or
Fort de Chartres, and other military posts; and when they did come,
many of the French settlers moved over to St. Louis, giving it a consid-
erable start, both in population and business. The Indians, too, being
generally more friendly toward the French than the English, came over
to St. Louis to trade their peltries, instead of going to Kaskaskia, as they
had formerly done; and this fact gave the new town a powerful impulse.

From this time forward new settlements began to- spring up within our
present boundaries. New Bourbon was settled in 1789. In 1762 a
hunter named Blanchette built a cabin where the city of St. Charles now
stands, and lived there many years; but just when the place began to be
a town or village does not appear to be known.' However, in 1803, St.
Charles county was organized, and then comprised all the territory lying
north of the Missouri and west of the Mississippi; thus taking in all of
north Missouri, and the entire States of Iowa, Minnesota, Dakota, and on
west to the Pacific ocean. This was the largest single " county " ever
known in the world, and St. Charles city was the county seat.

In 1781 the Delaware Indians had a considerable town where New
Madrid now stands; and that year Mr. Curre, a fur trader of St. Louis,
established a branch house here. In 1788 a colony from New Jersey
settled here, and laid out a plat for a large city, giving it the name of New
Madrid, in honor of the capital of Spain. But they never realized their
high hopes of building up a splendid city there.

Among the historic incidents of early settlement worthy of mention at
this point, is the case of Daniel Boone, whose hunter life in Kentucky
forms a staple part of American pioneer history. Boone came to this
territory in 1797, renounced his citizenship in the United States, and took
the oath of allegiance to the Spanish crown. Delassus was then the
Spanish governor; and he appointed Boone commander of a fort at
Femme Osage, now in the west part of St. Charles county. He roamed
and hunted over the central regions of Missouri the rest of his life, and it
was for a long period called the "Boone's Lick country," from some salt
licks or springs which he discovered and his sons worked, and which
were choice hunting grounds because deer and other animals came there

22 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.

to lick salt. Col. Boone died Sept. 26, 1S20, in St. Charles county, but
was buried in Marthasville in Warren county, as was his wife also.
Their bones were subsequently removed to Frankfort, Kentucky.

THE AMERICAN PERIOD.

In 1801 the territory west of the Mississippi was ceded back to France
by Spain; in 1803 President Jefferson purchased from the French
Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte, the entire territory of Louisiana, for $15,-
000,000; the formal transfer was made at New Orleans, December 20,
1803. On the 26th of March, 1804, Congress passed an act dividing this
vast accession into two parts, the lower one being named the "Terri-
tory of Orleans," with its capital at New Orleans; the upper division
was called the " District of Louisiana," with its capital at St. Louis.
This latter district comprised the present State of Arkansas and all from
that north to nearly the north line of Minnesota, and west from the Mis-
sissippi river to the Rocky Mountains. Don Carlos Dehault Delassus
had been the last Spanish governor at St. Louis, and no change was
made after its re-cession to France, until in March, 1804, when he delivered
the keys and the public documents of his governorship to Capt. Amos
Stoddard, of the United States army, who immediately raised the first
American flag that ever floated west of the Mississippi river, over the
government buildings at St. Louis. There it has floated proudly and
uninterruptedly ever since, and there it will float until St. Louis becomes
the central metropolis and seat of empire of the entire North American
continent.

It should be mentioned here that the war of the American Revolution
did not involve any military operations as far west as the Mississippi river ^
hence the little French fur-trading village of St. Louis was not affected
by the clash of arms which was raging so desperately through all the
States east of the Ohio river. But the success of the colonies in this
unequal conflict gave them control of all south of the river St. Lawrence
and the great lakes, as far west as the Mississippi river; and when Napo-
leon had sold to the new republic the extensive French possessions west
of the Mississippi, he remarked that this accession of territory and con-
trol of both banks of the Mississippi river would forever strengthen the
power of the United States; and said he, with keen satisfaction, "I have
given England a maritime rival that will sooner or later humble her
pride."

On the 3d of March, 1805, Congress passed at act to organize the
Territory of Louisiana; and President Jefferson then appointed as territo-
rial governor, Gen. James Wilkinson; secretary, Frederick Bates; judges,
Return J. Meigs and John B. Lucas. Thus civil matters went on,,

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 23

and business increased rapidly. When the United States took pos-
session of this district or territory it was reputed to contain nine thous-
and white inhabitants and about three thousand negroes. The first cen-
sus of St. Louis was taken in 1799, and it then had 897 inhabitants.
This is presumed to have included the village of Carondelet also, which
was started as a rival town soon after the founding of St. Louis.

In June, 1812, Congress passed another act with regard to this new
country, and this time it was named the Territory of Missouri, instead of
Louisiana. The President was to appoint a governor; the people were
to elect representatives in the ratio of one for every five hundred white
male inhabitants; this legislative body or lower house, was to nominate
to the President eighteen of their own citizens, and from those he was to
select and commission nine to form a senate or legislative council. The
house of representatives was to consist of thirteen members at first; they
were to hold their office two years, and must hold at least one legislative
session at Saint Louis each year. The territory was also authorized to
send one delegate to Congress.

In October, 1812, the first territorial election was held, and these peo-
ple experienced for the first time in their lives the American privilege of
choosing their own law-makers. There were four candidates for Con-
gress, and Edward Hempstead was elected. He served two years from
December 7th, 1812; then Rufus Easton served two years; then John
Scott two years; Mr. Easton was one of the four candidates at the first
election ; and Mr. Scott was one of the members from St. Genevieve of
the first legislative council. The first body of representatives met at the
house of Joseph Robidoux, in St. Louis, on December 7th, and consisted
of the following members:

From St. Charles — John Pitman, Robert Spencer.

St. Louis — David Musick, B. J. Farrar, Wm. C. Carr, Richard Caulk.

St. Genevieve — George Bullet, R. S. Thomas, Isaac McGready.

Cafe Girardeau — G. F. Ballinger, Spencer Byrd.

New Madrid — John Shrader, Samuel Phillips.

They were sworn into office by Judge Lucas. Wm. C. Carr of St.
Louis, was elected speaker. The principal business of this assembly was
to nominate the eighteen men from whom the President and U. S. Sen-
ate should select nine to constitute the legislative council; they made their
nominations and sent them on to Washington, but it was not known until
the next June who were selected. June 3d, 1813, the secretary and acting
governor, Frederick Bates, issued a proclamation declaring who had been
chosen by the President as thte council of nine, and they were —

From St. Charles — James Flaugherty, Benj. Emmons.

St. Louis — Auguste Chouteau, Sr., Samuel Hammond.

St. Genevieve — John Scott, James Maxwell.

24 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.

Cafe Girardeau — Wm. Neely, Joseph Cavener.
JVezv Madrid — Joseph Hunter.

In July of this year the newly appointed governor, Wm. Clarke, took
his seat, and held it until Missouri became a State in 1820.*

December, 1813, the second session of the territorial legislature was
convened in St. Louis, and continued until January ID, 1814. This year
the second territorial election occurred, and the new general assembly
met December 5, this being the third sitting of the territorial leefisla-
ture. The fourth commenced in November, 1815, and continued until
about the last of January, 1S16. And it was during this session that the
common law of England, and her general statutes passed prior to the
fourth year of James I, were adopted as the laws of Missouri, except
such changes as were necessary to phrase them for the United States
and its system of government, instead of England.

April 29, 1816, Congress again legislated for this territory, and pro-
vided that the legislative council or senate should be elected by the peo-
ple instead of being appointed by the President; that the legislature
should meet biennially instead of annually; and that the U. S. judges
should be requited to hold regular terms of circuit court in each county.
The fifth legislative session (being the first under this act) met the first
week in December of this year, and continued until February 1, 1817.
Then there was no further legislation until the regular biennial session
which met about December first, 1818. But during 1817, Henry S.
Gayer, Esq., compiled a digest of all the laws, including those of French,
Spanish, English and American origin, which were still in force in this
territory. This was a very important work, in view of the fact that
there were land titles and instances of property inheritance deriving
their legal verity from these different sources; and it was now desirable
to get all titles and vestitures clearly set upon an American basis of law
and equity. The next or sixth session of the legislature continued
through December, 1818, and January, 1819; and the most important thing
done was applying to Congress for Missouri to be admitted as a State.
John Scott, of St. Genevieve county, was then the territorial delegate in
Congress, and presented the application. A bill was introduced to
authorize the people of Missouri to elect delegates to a convention which
should frame a State constitution. The population of Missouri territory
at this time (or when the first census was taken, in 1821,) consisted
of 59,393 free white inhabitants and 11,254 slaves. A member of
Congress from New York, Mr. Talmadge, offered an amendment to the
proposed bill, providing that slavery should be excluded from the proposed
new State. This gave rise to hot and angry debate for nearly two

* Gov. Clarke died Sept. 31, 1838, at St. Louis.

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 25

years, and which at times seemed to threaten an immediate dissolution of
the- National Union. But the strife was finally quieted by the adoption in
Congress on March. 6, 1820, of what is famous in history as the " Mis-
souri Compromise," by which it was agreed that Missouri might come
into the Union as a slave-holding State; but that slavery should never be
established in any State which might thereafter be formed from lands
lying north of latitude 36 deg. 30 min. The elections were held for dele-
gates, the constitutional convention met at St. Louis, accepted the terms
of admission prescribed by Congress, and on July 19th, 1820, Missouri
took her place as one of the sovereign States of the National Union.

MISSOURI AS A STATE.

July 19, 1820, Missouri laid off the vestments of territorial tutelage and
put on the matronly robes of mature statehood, as the constitutional conven-
tion was authorized to frame the organic law and give it immediate force
without submitting it to a vote of the people, and this constitution stood
in force without any material change until the free State constitution of
1865 was adopted. The first general election under the constitution was
held in August, 1820, at which time Alexander McNair was chosed gov-
ernor and John Scott representative in Congress. Members of legisla-
ture had been chosen at the same time, comprising fourteen senators and
forty three representatives; and this first general assembly of the State
convened in St. Louis in the latter part of September. The principal
thing of historic interest done by this assembly was the election to the
United States Senate of Thomas H. Benton, who continued there unin-
terruptedly until 1851, a period of thirty years, and was then elected in
1852 as representative in Congress from the St. Louis district. The
other senator elected at this time was David Barton, who drew the "short
term," and was re-elected in 1S24.

EPITOMIZED SUMMARY OF EVENTS AND DaTES.

Application made to Congress for a state government March 16,
1818, and December 18, 1818. — A bill to admit was defeated in Congress,
which was introduced February 15, 1819. — Application made to Congress
for an enabling act, December 29, 1819. — Enabling act (known as the
Missouri Compromise) passed by Congress March 6, 1S20. — First state
constitution formed July 19, 1820. — Resolution to admit as a state passed
Senate December 12, 1S20; rejected by the House February 14, 1821. —
2

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.

Conditional resolution to admit approved March 2, 1821. — Condition
accepted by the legislature of Missouri and approved by governor, June
26, 1821. — By proclamation of the President, admitted as a state August
10, 1821.

The State capital was first at St. Louis; then at St. Charles about five
years; but on October 1st, 1S26, it was moved to Jefferson City, and
has remained there ever since.

COUNTIES AND POPULATION.

The first census of the State was taken in September, 1821, and showed
the population by counties as follows:

Boone county 3,692

Calloway 1,797

Cape Girardeau 7,852

Chariton 1,426

Cole 1,028

Cooper 3,483

Franklin 1,928

Gasconade 1,174

Howard 7,321

Jefferson 1,838

Lillard (afterward called La-
fayette) 1,340

Lincoln 1,674

Marion 1,907

Montgomery 2,032

New Madrid 2,444

Perry 1,599

Pike 2,677

Ralls 1,684

Ray 1,789

Saline 1,176

St. Charles 4,058

St. Genevieve 3,181

St. Louis 8,190

Washington 3,741

Wayne 1,614

The total was 70,647, of which mumber 11,254 were negro slaves.
The area of the State at this time comprised 62,182 square miles; but in
1837 the western boundary was extended by authority of Congress, to
include what was called the " Platte Purchase," an additional area of
3,1 6S square miles, which is now divided into the counties of Platte,
Buchanan, Andrew, Holt, Nodaway and Atchison. This territory was
an Indian reservation until 1836.

The last census was taken in June, 1880, when the state had an area of
65,350 square miles, divided into one hundred and fourteen counties, with
populations as follows:

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.

CENSUS REPORT OF THE STATE FOR THE YEAR 1880.

Counties. Total.

Adair 15,190

Andrew 16 318

Atchison 14,565

Audrain 19,739

Barry 14,424

Barton 10,332

Bates 25,382

Benton 12,398

Bollinger 11,132

Boone 25.424

Buchanan 49,824

Butler 6,011

Coldwell 13,654

Calloway 23,670

Camden 7,267

Cape Girardeau 20,998

Carrroll...., 23,300

Carter 2,168

Cass 22.431

Cedar 10,747

Chariton 25,224

Christian 9,632

Clark 15,031

Clay 15,579

Clinton 16.073

Cole 15,519

Cooper 21,622

Crawford 10,763

Dade 12,557

Dallas 9,272

Daviess 19,174

De Kalb 13,343

Dent 10,647

Douglass 7,753

Dunklin 9,604

Franklin 26,536

Gasconade 11,153

Gentry 17,188

Greene 28,817

Grundy 15,201

Harrison 20.318

Henry 23,914

Hickory 7.388

Holt 15,510

Howard 18,428

Howell 8,814

Iron 8.183

Jackson 82,328

Jasper 32,021

Jefferson 18,736

Johnson!5 28 177

Knox 13'047

Laclede 11,524

Lafayette 25,731

Lawrence 17,585

Lewis 15,925

Lincoln 17,443

Linn 20 016

Livingston 20,205

McDonald 7,816

Macon 26,223

Madison 8,860

Maries 7.304

Marion 24,837

Male.

Female. Native. Foreign. Whtte. Col'd.

7,915

7,275

14,719

471

14.964

226

8,387

7,931

15,432

880

15,950

368

7,936

6.629

13,538

1,027

14.524

10,417

9,322

18,982

757

17,896

1,843

7,311

7,113

13,975

449

14,413

5,425

4.907

10,086

240

10.316

13,630

11,752

24,674

708

25,135

247

6,357

6,041

11,438

900

12,127

271

5,698

5,434

10,766

366

11,108

12,928

12,496

25,084

340

20,397

5,027

27,045

22,779

42,920

6,904

40,093

3,731

3,221

2,790

5,848

163

5,871

140

7,060

6,594

13,023

631

13,241

413

12,280

11,390

23,064

600

19,268

4,402

3,756

3,511

7,166

101

7,152

115

10,812

10,186

18,612

2,386

19,004

1,994

12,298

11,002

22,359

941

21.827

1,473

1,138

1,030

2,154

2,157

11,884

10.547

21,830

601

21,681

750

5,479

5.268

10,659

10,601

146

13,145

12,079

23.916

1,308

21,266

3,958

4,871

4,761

9,425

207

9,435

197

7,717

7,314

14,283

* 748

14,723

308

8,138

7,441

15,136

443

14.066

1,513

8,310

7 763

15,375

698

15,098

975

8,437

7,082

13,369

2,150

13.648

1,871

11,085

10,537

20,057

1,565

18,120

3,502

5,586

5.177

10,197

566

10,640

123

6,415

6.142

12,463

12,310

247

4,671

4,601

9,189

9,184

9 983

9,191

18,794

380

18,723

451

7,008

6,335

12,723

620

13.216

127

5,635

5,012

10,365

282

10,580

3,891

3,802

7,732

7,727

5,161

4,443

9,569

9,436

168

13,885

12,651

22,101

4,435

24,469

2,067

5,824

5,329

8,435

2,718

10,988

165

8,947

8,241

16,712 '

476

17,160

14,649

14,108

28,010

807

26,009

2,808

7,762

7,439

14,662

539

14,997

204

10,518

9,800

19,824

494

20,245

12.301

11,613

23,096

818

22.925

989

3,775

3,613

7,169

219

7,338

8,291

7,219

14,621

889

15,285

225

9,554

8.874

17,955

473

13,195

5,233

4.495

4.319

8,736

8,723

4.232

3,951

7,592

591

7,783

400

45,891

36,437

71,653

10,675

72,445

9,883

16,763

15,258

30,686

1,335

31,249

772

9,873

8,863

15,755

2,981

17.731

1,005

14,797

13,380

27,231

946

26,164

2,013

6,774

6.273

12,341

706

12,8:9

228

5,889

5,635

11,145

379

11,048

476

13,370

12,361

23,679

2.052

21,313

4,418

8,990

8,595

16.835

750

17,284

301

8,157

7.768

15,080

845

14,520

1,405

9,010

8,433

16.606

837

15,299

2,144

10.349

9,667

18,823 '

1,193

19.184

832

10,365

9,840

18,952

1,253

19,062

1,143

4,101

3,715

7,777

7,804

13,449

12,774

24,383

1,840

24,726

1,497

4.463

4,397

8,506

354

8,552

308

3,806

3,498

6,974

330

7,292

12,622

12,215

22,828

2,009

21,123

3,714

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.

CENSUS REPORT OF THE STATE FOR THE YEAR im.— Continued.

Counties. Total.

Mi rcer 14,674

Miller 9807

Mississippi 9,270

Moniteau 14,349

Monroe 19,075

Montgomery. . . . .' 16,250

Morgan 10,134

New Madrid 7,694

Newton 18,948

Nodaway 29,560

Oregon 5,791

Osage 11,824

Ozark 5,618

Pemiscot 4,299

Perry 11,895

Pettis 27,285

Phelps 12,565

Pike 26,716

Platte 17,372

Polk 15,745

Pulaski 7,250

Putnam 13,556

Ralls ".... 11,838

Randolph 22,751

Ray 20,193

Reynolds 5,722

Ripley 5,377

St. Charles 23,060

St. Clair 14,126

St. Francois 13,822

St. Genevieve 10,390

St. Louis 31,888

Saint Louis (City) 350,522

Saline 29,912

Schuyler 10,470

Scotland 12,507

Scott 8,587

Shannon 3,441

Shelby 14,024

Stoddard . . . . : 13,432

Stone 4,405

Sullivan 16,569

Taney 5,605

Texas 12,207

Vernon 19,370

Warren 10,806

Washioston 12,895

Wayne 9,097

Webster 12,175

Worth 8,208

Wright 9,733

Male.

Female.

Native.

Foreign.

White.

Col'd.

7,510

7.164

14,486

188

14.57:!

101

5,070

4,787

9,561

246

9,577

230

5,131

4,139

9,020

250

7,129

2,141

7,257

7,092

13,177

1,172

13,376

973

9,942

9,133

18,739

336

16,925

2,150

8,t>8o

7,S67

15,304

946

14,334

1,916

5,182

4,952

7,399

735

9,719

415

4,145

3,549

7,587

107

5,813

1,881

9,767

9,181

18,324

624

18,345

603

15,669

13,891

27,936

1,624

29,447

113

2,995

2,796

5.772

5,772

6,201

5,623

9,848

1,976

11,422

402

2,920

2,698

5,602

5,604

2,300

1,999

4,267

4,033

266

6,120

5,775

10,588

1,307

11,424

471

14,150

13,135

25,428

1,857

24,278

3,007

6,478

6,087

11,729

836

12,059

506

13,645

13,071

25,888

828

21,340

5,376

9,055

8,317

16,645

727

15,754

1,618

7,886

7,859

15,649

15,459

286

3,719

3,531

6,987

263

7,190

6,953

6,603

13,333

223

13,536

6,162

5,676

11,452

386

10,625

1,213

11,830

10,921

21,302

1,449

19,937

2,814

10,637

9,556

19,765

428

18,472

1,721

2,901

2,821

5,679

5,708

2,803

2,574

5,277

100

5,367

12,097

10,963

18,774

4,286

20,650

2,410

7,243

6,883

13,839

287

13.817

309

7,246

6,576

12,739

1,083

13,169

653

5,338

5,052

9,296

1,094

9,833

557

16,988

14,900

25,299

6,589

28,009

3,879

179,484

171,038

245,528

104,994

328,232

22,290

15,619

14,293

28,657

1,255

24,987

4,925

5,334

5,136

10,132

338

10,461

6,398

6,109

12,238

269

12,378

129

4.631

3,956

7,972

615

8,036

551

1,742

1699

3,430

3,441

—

7,126

6,898

13,320

567

13,087

937

6,924

6,508

13,320

112

13,399

2,327

2,078

4,395

4,377

8,589

7,980

16,202

367

16,487

2,900

2,705

5,586

5,601

6,223

5,984

12,013

194

12,178

10,184

9,186

18,900

470

19,268

102

5,743

5,063

8,917

1,889

9,852

954

6,457

6,438

12,478

417

11,857

1,038

4,764

4,333

8,925

172

8,990

107

6,201

5,974

12,044

131

11,928

247

4,220

3,988

8,031

177

8,207.

4,903

4,830

9,559

174

9,471

262

The classification footings of the census of 1880 show

Males • • 1,127,424

Native born 1,957,564

White 2,023,56S

Total population in June, 1880, 2,16S,804.

Females 1,041,380

Foreign born 211,240

Colored* 145,236

*This includes 92 Chinese, 2 half-Chinese, and 96 Indians and half-breeds.

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 29

The following table shows the population of Missouri at each Federal
census from 1810 to 1880:

Years. White.

1810 17,227

1820 55,988

1830 114,795

1840 323,888

1850 592,004

1860 1,063,489

1870 1,603,146

1880 2,023,568

Free
Colored.

Slaves.

Total Popu-
lation.

607

3,011

20,845

376

10,222

66,586

569

25,091

140,455

1,574

58,240

383,702

2,618

87,422

682,044

3,572

114,931

1,182,012

118,071

1,721,295

145,236

2,168,804

STATE FINANCES.

THE STATE DEBT.

The bonded indebtedness of Missouri has various periods to run. The
following table is compiled from the State Auditor's report for 1879-
1880, and embodies all state bonds that will become payable from 1882
to 1897, at 6 per cent interest.

St. Louis & Iron Mountain Railroad series $1,361,000

Cairo & Fulton Railroad 267,000

North Missouri Railroad , 1,694,000

State Debt proper 439,000

Pacific Railroad 2,971,000

Consolidation 2,727,000

Platte County Railroad 504,000

State University 201,000

Northwestern Lunatic Asylum 200,000

State Bank Stock, refunding 104,000

State Funding 1,000,000

Penitentiary Indemnity ■ • * * 41,000

Renewal Funding 3,850,000

School Fund Certificates 900,000

Total $16,259,000

In addition to this there are $250,000 of revenue bonds, issued June 1,
1879; and $3,000,000 bonds issued to the Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad
Company.

THE STATE INCOME.

The receipts of the State from all sources during the years 1879 and
1880 were as follows:

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.

State Revenue Fund $3,024,084.39

State Interest Fund 2,429,040.71

State School Fund 335.55

Swamp Land Indemnity Fund 15,408.05

Insurance Department Fund 31,096.40

Executors' and Administrators' Fund 6,790.07

State School Moneys 241,080.00

State Seminary Moneys 3,660.00

Earnings Missouri Penitentiary 214,358.97

Militia Fund 82.25

Total $5,965,936.39

The total balance of all moneys in the State treasury January 1, 1881,
was $517,517.21.

During the year 1879, the state paid a total of $6,458.00 as bounty on
wolf scalps; but in 1880 the amount was only $1,428.50.

WHO MISSOURI VOTED FOR.

PRESIDENTIAL VOTES OF MISSOURI FROM 1820 TO 1880.

Presidential Candidates
Voted lor in Missouri.

Political Parties.

Year.

1820 James Monroe Democratic

1«24 John Q. Adams Coalition

Andrew Jackson Democratic

Henry Clay Democratic

1828 Andrew Jackson Democratic

John Q. Adams National Republican.

1832 Andrew Jackson* Democratic

1836 Martin Van Buren Democratic

W. H. Harrison Whig

Hugh L. White Independent

1840 W. H. Harrison Whig

Martin Van Buren Democratic

1844 Jas. K. Polk Democratic

. Henry Clay Whig

1848 Zachary Taylor Whig

Lewis Cass Democratic

1852 Franklin Pierce Democratic

Winfield Scott Whig

1856 Jas. Buchanan Democratic

Millard Fillmore American

1860 Abraham Lincoln Republican

J. C. Breckenridge State Rights Dem'cr't

John Bell Old Line Whig

Stephen A. Douglas . . .Union Democrat. . . .
1864 Abraham Lincoln Republican

Geo. B. McClellan Democratic

311

987

1,401

8,232

3,422

10,995
7,401
936
22.972
29,760
41,369
31,251
32,671
40,077
38,353
29,984
58,164
48,524
17,028
31,317
58,372
58,801
72,750
31,678

S£

Vice-President
Candidates.

D. D. Tompkins.
Nathan Sanford.
John C. Calhoun.
Andrew Jackson.
John C. Calhoun.
Richard Rush.
Martin Van Buren.
R. M. Johnson
Francis Granger.
John Tyler.
John Tyler.
R. M. Johnson.
Geo. M. Dallas.
Th. Frelinghuysen.
Millard Fillmore.
Wm. O. Butler.
Wm. R. King.
Wm. A. Graham.
J. C. Breckenridge.
A. J. Donelson.
Hannibal Hamlin.
Joseph Lane.
Edward Everett.
H. V. Johnson.
Andrew Johnson.
George H. Pendleton.

* This year Gen. Jackson received 5.192 majority, but the popular vote of Missouri for this year does
not appear m any of the statistical tables. The other presidential candidates this year were: Henry
Clay, National Republican; John Floyd, Independent; Wm. Wirt, Anti-Mason.

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.

PRESIDENTIAL VOTES OF MISSOURI FROM 1820 TO 1880.— Continued.

Tear.
1868

1872

Political Parties

p, OJ

1876

1880

Presidential Candidates
Voted for in Missouri.

Ulysses S. Grant Republican 86,860

Horatio Seymour Democratic 63,628

Ulysses S Grant Republican 119,196

Horace Greeley Dem. and Liberal. . . .151,434

Chas. O'Connor Democratic 2,429

Thos. A. Hendricks

B. Gratz Brown

David Davis .~

Rutherford B. Hayes . . . Republican 145,029

Samuel J. Tilden Democratic 203,077

Peter Cooper Greenbacker 3,498

G. C. Smith Prohibitionist 64

Scattering 97

James A. Garfield Republican 153,567

W. S, Hancock Democratic 208,609

James B. Weaver Greenback 35,135

8
1

Vice President
Candidates.

Schuyler Colfax.

F. P. Blair, Jr.
Henry Wilson.
B. Gratz Brown.
Geo. W. Julien.
John M. Palmer.
T. E. Bramlette.
Willis B. Machem.
Wrilliam. A Wheeler.
Thomas A. Hendricks.
Samuel F. Carey.

G. T. Stewart.

Chester A Arthur .
W. H. English.
B.J. Chambers.

LIST OF GOVERNORS FROM 1820 TO 1880.

YEAR. NAME. REMARKS.

1820 AlexanderMcNair

1824 Frederick Bates died in office.

1825 Abraham J. Williams vice Bates.

1826 John Miller ,

1828 John Miller

1832 Daniel Dunklin resigned; appointed Serv. Gen. U. S.

1836 Lilburn W. Boggs vice Dunklin.

1840 Thos. Reynolds died 1844.

1844 M. M. Marmaduke vice Reynolds.

1844 John C. Edwards

1848 Austin A. King

1852 Sterling Price

1856 Trusten Polk resigned.

1857 Hancock Jackson vice Polk.

1857 Robert M. Stewart " " [State Convention.

1860 C. F. Jackson office declared vacant by Unionist

1861 Hamilton R. Gamble appointed governor by State Conven-

1864 Willard P. Hall vice Gamble. [tion; died in office.

1864 Thos. Fletcher

1868 Joseph W. McClurg

1870 B. Gratz Brown

1872 Silas Woodson

1874 Charles H. Hardin

1876 John S. Phelps term now 4 years instead of 2.

1880 Thos. T. Crittenden

LIST OF UNITED STAES SENATORS FROM 1820 TO 1880.

Year. Names.

1820 Thomas Hart Benton

1824 David Barton

1826 Thomas Hart Benton

1830 Alexander Buckner died in 1833

1832 Thomas Hart Benton

1833 Lewis Field Linn vice Buckner

Year. Names.

1857 Trusten Polk

1861 Waldo Porter Johnson

1862 Robert Wilson

1863 B. Gratz Brown

1863 John B. Henderson

1867 Chas. D. Drake resigned 1870

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.

LIST OF UNITED STATES SENATORS FROM 1820 TO 1880.— Continued.

Year. Names.

1836 Lewis Field Linn

1838 Thomas Hart Benton

1842 Lewis Field Linn died 1843

1843 David R. Atchison vice Linn

1844 David R. Atchison

1844 Thomas Hart Benton

1849 David R. Atchison

1851 Henry S. Geyer

1857 Jas. S. Green

Year. Names.

1869 Carl Schurz

1870 Daniel F. Jewett vice Drake

1871 Francis P. Blair, Jr

1873 Lewis V. Bogy

1875 Francis M. Cockrell

1879 Daniel H. Armstrong

1880 James Shields vice Bogy

1881 George G. Vest .

MEMBERS OF CONGRESS FROM 1820 TO 1881.

1820 17

1822 18

1824 19

1826 20

1828 21

1830 22

1831 22

1832 23

1834 24

1836 25

1838 26

1838 26
1840 27

1842 28

1844 29

1846 29
1846 30

1848 31

1850 32

1852 33

NAMES.

John Scott

Edward Bates

Spencer Pettis

Spencer Pettis, died 1831 . . .
Wm. H. Ashley, vice Pettis.

Wm. H. Ashley

John Bull

Wm. H.Ashley

Albert G. Harrison

John Miller

Albert G. Harrison, died in

1839

John Miller

J.Jamison, vice Harrison..

John Miller

John C. Edwards

James M. Hughes

James H. Relfe

John Jamisom

John B. Bowlin

Gustavus M. Brown

James B. Bowlin

James H. Relfe

Sterling Price, resigned

John S. Phelps

Leonard H. Sims

"Wm. McDaniels, vice Price.

James B. Bowlin. ...

John Jameson

James S. Green

Willard P. Hall

John S Phelps

James B. Bowlin

William V. N.Bay

James S. Green

Willard P Hall

John S.Phelps

John F. Darby

Gilchrist Porter

John G. Miller

Willard P Hall

John S.Phelps

Thos H. Benton

Alfred W. Lamb

o
o

1852 33

1854 34

1855 34

1856 34

1857 35

1858 36

1860 36
1860 37

1862 37
1862 38

4
5

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
5
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
3
1

2
3
4
5
6
7
1
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
3
5
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

NAMES.

John G.Miller

Mordecai Oliver

John S. Phelps

James I. Lindley, at large. .
Samuel Carruthers, at large.

L. M. Kennett

Gilchrist Porter

John I. Linjlley

Mordecai Oliver

John G. Miller, died 1855. . .

John S. Phelps

Samuel Carruthers

Thos. P. Aiken, vice Miller.

Francts P. Blair

T.L.Anderson [1857

Jas. S. Green, elec. U. S. Sen.

James Craia:

James H. Woodson

John S. Phelps

Sam'l Carruthers

John B. Clark, vice Green. .
J. Richard Barrett, declared

not elected

Thos. L. Anderson

John B. Clark

Jas Craig

Jas. H. Woodson

John S. Phelps

John W. Noell

Francis P. Blair, Jr., resigned
J. Richard Barrett, vice Blair

Francis P. Blair, Jr

Jas. S. Rollins

John B. Clark, expelled

E. H. Norton

John W. Reid, expelled

John S. Phelps

John W. Noell

Wm. A. Hall, vice Clark

Thos. L. Price, vice Reid . . .

Francis P. Blair

Henry T. Blow

John W. Noell, died 1863. . .

Sempronius S. Boyd

Joseph W. McClurg

Austin A. King

Benjamin F. Loan

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.

MEMBERS OP CONGRESS FROM 1820 TO 1880.— Continued.

2 h

° s

1862 38

1864 39

1866 40

1867
1868

40
41

1870 42

1872 43

8
9
3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
3
5
1

4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13

NAMES.

W. A. Hall

John S. Rollins

John G. Scott, vice Noell . . .

John Hogan

Henry T. Blow

Thos.E. Noell

John R. Kelsoe

Joseph W. McClurg

Robert T. Van Horn

Benjamin F. Loan

John F. Benjamin

George W. Anderson

William A. Pile

C. A. Newcombe

Thomas E. Noell. deceased. .

J. J. Gravely

Jos. W. McClurg, resigned

Robert T. Van Horn

Benjamin F. Loan

John F. Benjamin

George W. Anderson

J. R. McCormack, vice Noell
John H. Stover,vice McClurg

Erastus Wells

G. A. Finkelnburg

J. R. McCormack

S. H. Boyd

Samuel S. Burdett

Robert T. Van Horn

Joel F. Asper

John F. Benjamin

David P. Dyer

Erastus Wells

G. A. Finkelnburg

J. R. McCormack

H. E. Havens

Samuel S. Burdett.

A. Comingo

Isaac C. Parker

James G. Blair

Andrew King

E. O. Stanard

Erastus Wells

W. H. Stone

Robert A. Hatcher

Richard P.Bland

Harrison E. Havens

Thomas F. Crittenden

Abram Comingo

Isaac C. Parker

Ira B. Hyde

John B. Clark, Jr

John M. Glover

A. H. Buckner

<
a

o
o

1874 44

1876 45

1878 46

1879 46

1880 47

g NAMES.

1 Edward C. Kerr

2 Erastus Wells

3 William H. Stone

4 Robert A. Hatcher

5 Richard P. Bland

6 Charles H. Morgan

7 John F. Philips

8 Benjamin J. Franklin

9 David Rea

10 Rezin A. DeBolt

11 John B. Clark, Jr

12 John M. Glover

13 Aylett H. Buckner

1 Anthony Ittner

2 Nathan Cole

3 Lyne S. Metcalfe

4 Robert H. Hatcher

5 Richard P. Bland

6 Charles H. Morgan

7 Thos. T. Crittenden

'8 Benjamin J. Franklin

9 David Rea

10 Henry M. Pollard

11 John B. Clark, Jr

12 John M. Glover

13 Aylett H. Buckner

1 Martin L. Clardy

2 Erastus Wells

3 Richard G. Frost

4 Lowndes H. Davis

5 Richard P. Bland

6 James R. Waddi 11

7 Alfred M. Lay, died

7 John F. Philips, vice Lay.

8 Samuel L. Sawyer

9 Nicholas Ford

10 Gideon F. Rothwell

11 John B. Clark, Jr

12 Win. H- Hatch

13 Aylett H Buckner

1 Martin L. Clardy

2 Thomas Allen

3 Richard G. Frost

4 Lowndes H.Davis

5 Richard P. Bland

6 Ira S. Hazeltine

7 Theron M. Rice

8 Robert T. Van Horn

9 Nicholas Ford

10 J. H. Burroughs

11 John B. Clark, Jr

12 Wm. H. Hatch

13 Aylett H. Buckner

The election for members of the legislature and members of Congress
occurs biennially on the Tuesday after the first Monday in November of

34 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. *

the even numbered years — as 1830, 1882, etc.; and the legislature meets
on the first Wednesday after January 1st, in the odd numbered years —
as 1881, 1883, etc. The governor is elected every four years, at the same
time with the presidential election.

EDUCATIONAL INTERESTS.

THE PUBLIC SCHOOL SYSTEM.

The State of Missouri has made liberal provision for the support of
public schools, equal to any other state in the Union.* The main fea-
tures of our school system are well epitomized in a report made by the
state superintendent in 1S79, as follows:

School Revenue — Is derived from invested state funds, bearing inter-
est at the rate of six per cent per annum, and one-fourth of the state reve-
nue collections, annually, equal to a tax of five cents on the $100 of valu-
ation; from the invested county funds at rates from 6 to 10 per centum
annually, secured by real estate mortgages; from the sixteenth section or
township fund invested and producing income in the same manner as the
county funds.

The state and township permanent funds arise principally from the sale
of lands donated by the general government. The income is used only
for teachers' wages, and is apportioned upon the number of children to
districts having maintained the minimum term of school.

The deficiency is supplied by local taxation, limited in amount, and con-
trolled in the first instance by boards of directors, and second, by the
tax-payers in annual meeting assembled.

State Boards. — State Board of Education consists of the super-
intendent of public schools, the governor, secretary of state, and attorney-
general. The duties, practically, are simply the investment and care of
the state permanent fund.

Board of Curators of the State University — Consists of nine
members, appointed by the governor, with the consent of the senate, lor
a term of six years, three being appointed every two years. They con-
trol and manage the university, agricultural college and school of mines
and metallurgy.

Boards of Regents — Of normal schools consist of six members

* The first free day school ever opened in Missouri was by the Church of the Messiah,
in St. Louis. This church was organized in 1834, by Rev. Wm. G. Elliott, D. D., who was
the founder, and is now Chancellor of Washington University.

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 35

to each school, appointed by the governor, with consent of the senate,
from the locality. The state superintendent of public schools is ex
officio member of each board.

Boards of Control — Of other institutions vary in name and num-
ber of members. They are usually appointed by the governor.

Superintendent of Public Schools — Has general supervision of
the public schools; collects and tabulates the school statistics of the state;
apportions the state school funds to the counties; gives information to
school officers upon construction of school law ; prepares and furnishes
blanks for use of school officers ; spends five days in each congressional dis-
trict of the state, yearly, consulting and advising teachers and other school
officers, and delivering lectures; is a member of the board of regents of
the normal schools, and president of state board of education ; receives
reports from the county commissioners and state institutions of learn-
ing; makes annual reports to the governor and general assembly alter-
nately; and is the executive manager of the state school fund under the
direction of state board of education.

County School Commissioners — Elected at the annual school meet-
ings of the various school districts for the term of two years; compen-
sation varies according to population of county, from twenty to forty
dollars per annum and a fee, additional, of one and one-half dollars from
each teacher undergoing examination; examines teachers, grants and
revokes certificates; has final jurisdiction over appealed cases of changes
of district boundaries, appealed from the annual meetings; condenses
and reports to state superintendent of public schools the educational
statistics of the county, as received by him from the district boards of
directors; supplies the districts with copies of the law, and all blanks
needed; performs any and all duties required by the State Superintend-
ent, and in counties where the people have voted in favor of it, employs
his whole time in supervision and school work.

Miscellaneous. — To draw public money, districts must maintain at
least three months public school in each year, but the law requires and
provides that four months shall be taught. Any person between the
ages of six and twenty years may attend the public schools. In cities,
towns and villages, the boards are authorized to hold from five to ten
months term of school each year, and in the country districts the people
may vote an extension of term over four months. The rate of taxation
for school purposes, in addition to the distributed state, county and town-
ship, or sixteenth section funds, is limited to forty cents on the $100 valu-
ation, except that the people, at the annual school meeting, may vote an
increase not to exeed sixty-five cents on the $100, by a majority vote of
tax-payers. To raise funds by taxation for building purposes, requires

36 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.

that the increased rate be voted by two-thirds of the qualified voters
voting at the annual or special meeting.

Annual School Meeting — Meets at the district school house annu-
ally, and elects a director for a full term, and fills vacancies in the board;
determines the length of time in excess of four months, that the schools
shall be kept open, and orders the proper levies within the limitations to
be made therefor; votes a sum not exceeding $20 per annum for pur-
chase of books for district library; decides for or against proposed changes
of district boundary lines; directs the sale of property no longer required,
and determines the applications of proceeds; designates their choice for
county school commissioner every second year; directs the loan of
money to aid in erecting school houses; directs the levy of tax for the
erection of school houses; determines the location of the school house or
houses; by a two-thirds vote changes location of school house; receives
the reports of school district board as to financial condition, and itemized
receipts and disbursements for the year ending.

District .Boards — Consist of three members in the country districts,
and six members in the city, town and village districts; each elected for
a term of three years; one, annually, in the country, and two in the city,
town and village districts; they elect one of their number president, and
appoint a clerk who may not be a member of the board, if it so chooses;
they are the executive officers of the school corporation, which each dis-
trict is, being created by law ; they serve without compensation ; have
custody of school property; execute the orders of the annual meeting;
take the school census; make and rile the estimates for tax levies; con-
trol the disbursements of all school money; keep the district records;
visit the schools; employ teachers; provide for a four months term of
school without consulting the people; make rules for organization, gra-
ding and government of the schools, suspend or expel pupils; admit and
prescribe fees for non-resident pupils, and in general do all things neces-
sary to carry on the schools.

In city, town and village districts the board has power to establish
higher grades of schools, but are subject to the same tax restrictions.

Some cities have special charters giving other privileges than those
enumerated, but subject to the same tax restrictions, they being constitu-
tional provisions.

Educational Directory. — University of Missouri, located at Colum-
bia; number of students, 577; legislative appropriation for 1S79 and 1SS0,
$39,000. State Agricultural College constitutes a department of the
University. Three State Normal Schools, located respectively at Kirks-
ville, Warrensburg and Cape Girardeau .* The appropriation to each of

* St. Louis supports its own normal school, for the preparation and training of its
teachers, the greater number of whom are graduates of this normal school.

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 37

normal schools is $7,500 per annum. Deaf and Dumb Asylum, located
at Fulton; legislative appropriation for 1S79 and 1880, $91,000. Blind
Asylum, located at St. Louis; legislative appropriation for 1879 and 18S0,
$46,000. Lincoln Institute,* located at Jefferson City; legislative appro-
priation, $10,000 for 1S79 and 1880; devoted to training colored teachers
for colored public schools of the state. School of Mines and Metallurgy,
located at Rolla; legislative appropriation, $15,000 for 1879 and 1880;
constitutes a department of the state university. State teachers' associ-
ation, meets annually at places selected at each session, during the last
week in June.

Statistics of 1S7S. — School population, 6S8,248; school enrollment,
448,033; No. of ungraded school districts, S,142; No. of graded school
districts, 279. No. of school houses, 8,092; estimated value of school
houses and sites, $8,321,399; average school year in months, 5; average
school year in months, in graded school districts, 9; total number of
teachers employed, 11,268; total wages of teachers, $2,320,430.20; aver-
age wages of teachers per month, males, $36.36, females, $28.09; aver-
age wages of teachers per month, in grades schools, estimated, males,
$87.81, females, $40.73.

Revenue. — From interest on state permanent fund, $174,030.15;
from one-fourth state revenue collections, $363,276.32; from county and
township permanent funds, $440,191.37; from district taxes, $2,446,-
910.71. Total, $3,424,40S.55.

Permanent Funds.— State fund, $2,909,457.11; county fund, $2,388,-
368.29; township or sixteenth section fund, $1,980,678.51. Total $7,278,-
046.80.

The state auditor's report for 1879 and 18S0 furnishes the following
school items; and they make a very favorable showing for the public
school interests of Missouri:

1879. 1880.

Amount distributed to the counties $502,795.18 $515,286.09

Maintenance of State University 19,500.00 19,500.00

Support of Lincoln Institute 5,000.00 5,000.00

Support School of Mines and Metallurgy 7,500.00 7,500.00

JNormal School, 1st district 7,500.00 7,500' 00

2d " 7,500.00 7,500.00

" " South Missouri district 7,500,00 7,500.00

Distribution of school laws 308.58 436.50

* Lincoln Institute was first projected by the 62d Regiment U. S. Colored Infantry,
while on duty in Texas, in 18G5, and was designed for the higher education of colored
people. In January, 1866, the state attached a state normal department to it, to provide
suitable teachers for the public schools for colored children. The school was opened
Sept, 17, 1876, but was not finally provided for by law as a state normal school until Feb.
14, 1870, since which time it has gone steadily forward and done a good work for the
negro population.

38 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.

MASSACHUSETTS AND MISSOURI SCHOOL RATES.

Massachusetts is taken almost universally as the standard of measure-
ment for other states. The state reports of Massachusetts and Missouri,
for 1879, show that in the former there was applied to the educa-
tion of every child of school age the sum of $13.71 — in the latter,
$4.37. But it must be remembered that school age in Massachusetts is
between five and fifteen years; in Missouri between six and twenty; a
difference of four years in school.

The report of the secretary of the Massachusetts board of education,
for 1879, states the "per centage of valuation appropriated for public
schools," as two and seventy-two one hundredths mills. In Missouri it
was over five mills. That is, every tax-paying Missourian paid nearly
twice as much for the maintenance of public schools on the same amount
(of value) of property as the tax-payer of Massachusetts.

DENOMINATIONAL SCHOOLS.

DATE
^•™* ™ NAME OF INSTITUTION. WHERE LOCATED. DENOMINATION.

ORG ZED.

1871 Central College Fayette M. E. Church South.

1856 Christian College Canton Christian.

1859 College Christian Brothers . St. Louis Roman Catholic.

1873 Drury College Springfield Congregational.

1868 Hannibal College Hannibal M. E. Church South.

1865 Lewis College Glasgow Methodist Episcopal.

1870 Lincoln College Greenwood United Presbyterian.

1853 McGee College College Mound. . . Cumb. Presbyterian.

1867 St. Joseph College St. Joe Roman Catholic.

1832 St. Louis University St. Louis Roman Catholic.

1844 St. Paul College Palmyra Protestant Episcopal.

1844 St. Vincent College Cape Girardeau. .Roman Catholic.

1857 Washington University. . .St. Louis Non-Sectarian.

1852 Westminster College Fulton Presbyterian.

1853 Wm. Jewell College Liberty Baptist.

1869 Woodland College Independence .... Christian.

1 835 St. Charles College St. Charles M. E. Church South.

1852 Central College Fayette " " "

1843 Arcadia College Arcadia " " "

THEOLOGICAL SCHOOLS.

1839 Concordia College St. Louis Evangelical Luth'ran

1844 St. Vincent College Cape Girardeau. .Roman Catholic.

Theological School of West-
minster College Fulton Presbvterian.

1869 Vanderman School of The-
ology Liberty Baptist.

In addition to the above, the Baptists have: Stephens College, Columbia*

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 39

Mt. Pleasant College, Huntsville; Baptist Female College, Lexington; La
Grange College, La Grange; Baptist College, Louisiana; Liberty Female
College, Liberty ; St. Louis Seminary for Young Ladies, Jennings Sta-
tion; Fairview Female Seminary, Jackson; Booneville Seminary for
Young Ladies, Booneville; North Grand River College, Edinburg;
Ingleside Academy, Palmyra.

The Christian connection has Christian University, at Canton, in Lewis
county.

The Congregationalists have Thayer College, at Kidder, in Caldwell

county.

The German Evangelicals have Missouri College, in Warren county.

The Methodist Episcopals (North) have Johnson College at Macon
City.

The Presbyterians have Lindenwood Female College, at St. Charles.

A good feeling prevails amongst these different schools. Each attends
to its own work in its own way, caring for the patronage of its own peo-
ple and the community at large, as a good neighbor of every other
worker. A most liberal and impartial legislative policy is pursued, by
dealing with all alike before the law, whether in the maintenance of
vested rights or in the matter of taxation. By constitutional provision
all property actually used for school and religious purposes may be
exempted from taxes, and the same constitution most explicitly interdicts
all discrimination, and also all favor or partiality.

LAW SCHOOLS.

FOUNDED. NAME LOCATION.

1872 Law College of State University Columbia.

1867 Law Department of Washington University St. Louis.

MEDICAL SCHOOLS.

FOUNDED. NAME. LOCATION.

1869 Kansas City College of Physicians and Surgeons . . Kansas City.

1873 Medical College of State University Columbia.

1840 Missouri Medical College St. Louis.

1841 St. Louis Medical College

1858 Homeopathic Medical College of Missouri

1865 Missouri Dental College

1864 St. Louis College of Pharmacy

SCIENTIFIC SCHOOLS.

1870 Agricultural and Mechanical College (State Uni-

versity) Columbia.

1871 Missouri School of Mines and Metallurgy (State

University) Rolla.

1857 Polytechnic Department of Washington University.St. Louis.

u
a

40 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.

t*i .

a 2 - £ **

RELIGIOUS DEKOMINATIONS-1379-80. .2 <-3 o^l

c ~ c a £ *"*

£ o o" <= 2

w >z ESS

Catholic 21G 204 200,000

Protestant Episcopal 65 50 25,000

Lutheran Independent Evangelical 25 20 1,000

English Evangelical G 6 1,000

German " 76 68 3,633

Presbyterian, O. S. North 210 151 11,143

" South 135 73 7,662

Cumberland 361 169 15,823

United 10 12 700

" Reformed 3 4 165

Conerresational 71 47 3,747

Baptist: 1,385 823 86,999

Christian, about 500 500 70.000

Methodist Episcopal, South 559 648 53,882

North 359 420 42,888

African 58 59 4,954

African Methodist Episcopal, Zion )

Colored " " " ^ about 116 118 9,908

Methodist, Protestant and Free Methodist Episcopal Church )

Unitarian 5 5

Total 4,160 3,437 539,004

Bote.— Church members of the Catholic and Protestant Episcopal Churches include all persons bap-
tized into the church. The others count only communicants in good standing.

PROTECTIONAL LAWS.

Our state legislature has made ample and discreet provision for the
protection of a home-place from sale on execution. The home and property-
rights of married women, widows and orphans, are guaranteed by
statute as far as is practicable. A limit has also been fixed to the amount
of indebtedness which may be incurred by the people in voting bonds to
railroads, or other enterprises in which they may feel a friendly interest,
but in aiding which, too generally, so many western communities have
burdened themselves and their posterity with debts and taxation that are
grevious to be borne.

HOMESTEAD EXEMPTION.

The laws of Missouri reserve from execution, in the hands of every
head of a family living in the country, a homestead, consisting of one
hundred and sixty (160) acres of land, not exceeding $1,500 in value; to
every head of a family, in cities of over 40,000 inhabitants, a homestead
consisting of not more than eighteen square rods of ground, and of a
valuation not exceeding $3,000; and in cities and towns of less than 40,-
000 inhabitants, a homestead, consisting of not more than thirty square
rods of ground, and of the value of not more than $1,500. Thus it is

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 41

seen that a farmer's homestead in Missouri consists of one hundred and
sixty acres of land and the improvements thereon, not exceeding in value
$1,500; the homestead of the residents of the smaller towns is of the
same value: while that allowed to the inhabitants of St. Louis, St.
Joseph and Kansas City, where land is more valuable, and the cost of
living greater, is fixed at $3,000.

The homestead is in the nature of a lien or charge, in favor of the
wife and children, upon certain property of the husband, defined in
extent, and limited in value. A declaration of what this property is may
be recorded in the office of the recorder of deeds, and notice is thus
imparted to all persons having dealings with the owner, that this particu-
lar property is not subject to execution, and that they ought not to give
credit on the faith of it. The state, under this head, provides that: "Any
married woman may file her claim to the tract or lot of land occupied or
claimed by her and her husband, or by her, if abandoned by her husband,
as a homestead. Said claim shall set forth the tract or lot claimed, that
she is the wife of the person in whose name the said tract or lot appears
of record, and said claim shall be acknowledged by her before some
officer authorized to take proof or acknowledgment of instruments of
writing affecting real estate, and be filed in the recorder's office, and it
shall be the duty of the recorder to receive and record the same. After
the filing of such claims, duly acknowledged, the husband shall be de-
barred from, and incapable of selling, mortgaging and alienating the
homestead in any manner whatever, and such sale, mortgage or alienation
is hereby declared null and void; and the filing of any such claims as
aforesaid with the recorder shall impart notice to all persons of the con-
tents thereof, and all subsequent purchasers and mortagors shall be
deemed, in law and equity, to purchase with notice; provided, however,
that nothing herein contained shall be so construed as to prevent the hus-
band and wife from jointly conveying, mortgaging, alienating, and, in
any other manner, disposing of such homestead, or any part thereof."

Such a law, while securing the benefits of a homestead to the debtor,
works no injustice to the creditor. He sees that the debtor has certain
property recorded as his homestead. He never gives credit on the faith that
this propertv will be subject to his execution; but he looks simply to the
other property of the debtor, or to the state of his business and his char-
acter for honesty.

It may be added that the supreme court of this state has construed the
homestead laws liberally, with the view of carrying out the benevolent
purposes of the legislature. If the debtor is ignorant or timid, when the
sheriff comes with an execution to lev}', and fails to claim his right of
homestead, his family are not, therefore, to be turned out of doors. The
3

42 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.

sheriff must summon appraisers and set the homestead apart, whether the
debtor claims it or not; and if he does not do this, his sale will pass no title
to the purchaser so far as the debtor's homestead is concerned. If the
debtor makes a conveyance of property embracing his family homestead,
for the purpose of hindering or defrauding his creditors, this does not
work a forfeiture of his homestead right; his wrongful act is not thus to
be appealed to in prejudice of his wife and children. If the cruelty of
the husband drives the wife from the homestead, this does not put an end
to her interest in the homestead. She may return and claim it after his
death, and his administrator must set it apart for her.

EXEMPTIONS OF PERSONAL PROPERTY.

Pursuing the same wise and benevolent policy, the statutes provide
that the following personal property shall be exempt from attachment and
execution when owned by the head of a family: "1. Ten head of choice
hogs, ten head of choice sheep, and the product thereof in wool, yarn or
cloth; two cows and calves, two plows, one axe, one hoe, and one set of
plow gears, and all the necessary farm implements for the use of one man.
2. Two work animals of the value of one hundred and fifty dollars. 3.
The spinning-wheel and cards, one loom and apparatus, necessary for
manufacturing cloth in a private family. 4. All the spun yarn, thread
and cloth manufactured for family use. 5. Any quantity of hemp, flax
and wool, not exceeding twenty-five pounds each. 6. All wearing apparel
of the family, four beds, with usual bedding, and such other household and
kitchen furniture, not exceeding the value of one hundred dollars, as may
be necessary for the family, agreeably to an inventory thereof, to be re-
turned, on oath, with the execution, by the officer whose duty it may be
to levy the same. 7. The necessary tools and imolements of trade of
any mechanic while carrying on his trade. 8. Any and all arms and
military equipments required by law to be kept. 9. All such provisions
as may be on hand for family use, not exceeding one hundred dollars in
value. 10. The bibles and other books used in a family, lettered grave-
stones, and one pew in a house of worship. 11. All lawyers, physicians,
ministers of the gospel and teachers, in the actual prosecution of their
calling, shall have the privilege of selecting such books as shall be neces-
sary to their profession, in the place of other property herein allowed, at
their option; and doctors of medicine, in lieu of other property exempt
from execution, may be allowed to select their medicines." In lieu of this
property, each head of a family may, at his election, select and hold
exempt from execution any other property, real, personal, or mixed, or
debts or wages not exceeding in value the amount of three hundred dol-
lars.

The legislature of the state has wisely considered that the debtor ought

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 43

not to be permitted to plead poverty as against the claims of creditors
equally necessitous. It is accordingly provided that the foregoing
exemption cannot be claimed when the debt is for wages due to a house
servant or common laborer to the extent of $90, and when the action to
recover the same is brought wiffain six months after the last services were
rendered. Nor can the purchaser of goods make this law an instrument
of fraud by claiming goods which he has purchased on credit against an
execution for the purchase money.

RIGHTS OF MARRIED WOMEN.

State legislation is extremely careful of the rights of married women.
If a wife is unjustly abandoned by her husband, the circuit court will
sequester his property for the purpose of maintaining her and the children
of the marriage. If he abandons her, or from worthlessness or drunken-
ness fails to support her, the court will not only allow her to sell her own
real estate without his joining in the deed, but will require any person
holding money or property to which he may be entitled in her right, to
pay the money over to her. 1. Under such circumstances she is entitled
to the proceeds of her own earnings and those of her minor children. 2.
If her real estate is damaged for railroads, or other public works, the
damages accrue exclusively to her. 3. If her husband gets into the peni-
tentiary, she becomes to all intents and purposes a femme sole . 4. And if he,
by ill usage, compels her to live separate and apart from him, she may
claim the sole and exclusive enjoyment of her property as if she were un-
married. Rents, issues and profits of her real estate cannot be taken in
execution for his debts, except when contracted for family necessaries.
Moreover, by a very broad statute lately enacted, a wife may hold all her
personal property free from her husband's control and exempt from liabil-
ity for his debts. If he becomes incompetent to lead in the marital part-
nership, she may take the reins in her hands, engage in trade, accumulate
property, and no act of his will create a charge upon it. Finally, at his
death, the family homestead descends to her and the children, if any there
be, to be held by her for life; if there be any children, in common with
them; if not, by herself alone. She also takes dower in one-third of all
the real estate of which her husband may have been seized at any time
during marriage, in which she has not conveyed her right of dower,
diminished, however, by the homestead which is set apart to her. She
takes also a child's share of his personal estate; and, in addition to all
this, she is allowed to retain as her absolute property a large amount of
personalty.

TAXATION.

The constitution places it beyond the power of reckless or dishonest

44 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.

public agents to burden the people with excessive taxation. Taxes for
state purposes, exclusive of the taxes necessary to pay the bonded debt
of the state, cannot exceed twenty cents on the hundred dollars valuation;
and 'whenever the taxable property of the state shall amount to $900,000,-
000 the rate shall not exceed fifteen cents. The rate of taxation for
county, city, town and school purposes, is likewise strictly limited.
Counties, cities, towns, townships and school districts cannot become
indebted beyond the revenue provided for each year without a two-thirds
vote of all voters therein, nor, in any event, to an amount exceeding five
per cent on the value of the taxable property.

The statutes of limitation in Missouri provide that an open account can-
not be collected after it has run five years; a note is uncollectible if held for
ten years after due; and a judgment expires by limitation in ten years.

The standard legal rate of interest in this state is six per cent; but a
higher rate not exceeding ten per cent may be contracted for.

PUBLIC DEBT LIMITATION.

The state debt, according to the State Auditor's last report, [1S78], is
$16,758,000. This mostly grew out of the various issues of bonds given
in aid of railroads, and bears interest at the rate of six per cent per annum.
To liquidate this debt the constitution provides for the annual levy of
taxes, now fixed by law at twenty cents on the $100 of the valuation.
With the sum thus raised the interest of the debt is first to be paid, and of
the remainder not less than $250,000 is to be set apart as a sinking fund
for the purchase and retirement of the bonds themselves. Hence, in a
few years, with the vast increase in the taxable wealth, which is sure to
come, the whole of the debt will be extinguished. There is an additional
state tax of twenty cents on the $100 for current expenditures, a large
share of which is devoted to the support of the common schools. This
tax is ample for the purposes for which it is intended, and there is a con-
stitutional provision that it shall be reduced to fifteen cents on the $100 as
soon as the taxable property of the state shall aggregate a total valuation
of $900,000,000.

The state, and all its municipal subdivisions, whether counties, cities or
towns, are forbidden by the constitution to loan their credit to any corpora-
tion, so that there is no method by which the public indebtedness can be
increased in the usual way. Owing to the great zeal of the people to for-
ward public improvements of all kinds, a municipal indebtedness, aggre-
gating, according to the auditor's last report, $35,727,56(5.49, has been
contracted. Of this amount the debt of the city of St. .Louis is shown to
constitute $22,712,000, leaving for the agricultural portion of the state and
the other cities, towns, townships and school districts only a little over
$13,000,000.

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 45

The present organic law prevents any municipality from contracting
liabilities, in any one fiscal year, beyond the amount of the levy made for
that year, and in no county can the rate of taxation for local purposes,
aside from the school tax, exceed fifty cents on the $100 valuation, unless
two-thirds of the voters shall assent to the levy of a larger sum. Neither
can the school tax in country districts exceed forty cents on the $100
without the consent of the tax-payers, to be obtained by a vote of the ma-
jority of the residents.

COMPARATIVE TAX RATE.

It will be interesting to note how the tax rate of our own state com-
pares with that of adjoining states.

The average tax levy for all purposes in Missouri is about $1.30 on the
$100; adding to this 70 cents on the $100 for the payment of bonded
indebtedness where it exists, there is an average of $2 on the $100 as
the rate, and a certainty of its steady decrease. This is given as an average,
and while in a few counties the tax rate is higher, in the majority it is
much lower.

By the report of the state auditor of Kansas, for the year ending June
30, 1878, the tax levy for state purposes is shown to be 55 cents on the
$100, and the average levy for local debts and expenses $3.82 on the $100,
making a total average tax of $4.37 on the $100. The taxable property
of Kansas in 1878 aggregated the sum of $13S,698,S10.98, and the local
indebtedness was reported by the state auditor at $13,473,197.51. In
Nebraska the tax levy for state purposes alone is 62-| cents on the $100,
exclusive of taxes to pay local debts and expenses.

In Iowa, the average rate of taxation for the year 1878 was $2.67 on the
$100. In Illinois the tax levy for 1877, the last given in the auditor's
report, was $3.24 on the $100, and the local indebtedness of that state
was then the sum of $51,811,691.

Thus, it is clear that Missouri has a lower rate of taxation than any of
the neighboring states above mentioned; and, in addition to this, under
her wise constitutional provision, the rate of taxation must continually
decrease every year, until only a sufficient amount of taxes to liquidate
current expenses will be collected.

There are twenty counties that have no indebtedness whatever, and
forty more the debt of which is merely nominal ; so that their burden of
taxation will be lighter than in any other portion of the United States.

46 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.

FEDERAL AFFAIRS IN THE STATE.

FEDERAL COURTS.

The United States is divided into nine supreme court circuits, to each of
which one of the supreme court judges is assigned. Missouri is now in
the eighth circuit, which includes Arkansas, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota,
Missouri, Nebraska and Colorado; and George W. McCrary, of Iowa,
who was secretary of war, in President Hayes' cabinet, is now the
judge of this circuit. Missouri is divided into an east and west United
States judicial district; and Samuel Treat, of St. Louis, is United States
judge of the east district, while Arnold Krekel, of Jefferson City, presides
over the west district.

FEDERAL REVENUE.

Missouri paid the following amounts of internal revenue to the United
States during the year ending June 30, 1880: On distilled spirits, $2,151,-
643.98; on tobacco, $2,391,989.93; on fermented liquors, $711,654.53; on
banking, $182,929.25; on other items, $1,360.27. Total, $5,448,344.83.
Illinois, Kentucky, New York and Ohio were the only states which paid
a larger sum of revenue on spirits; Illinois, New Jersey, New York,
Ohio, Pennsylvania and Virginia paid larger on tobacco; Illinois, New
York, Ohio, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin paid larger on fermented
liquors (chiefly lager beer); California, New York and Pennsylvania are
the only states which paid larger on banking transactions.

In 1878, Missouri paid $115,729.64 as penalties for violation of U.
S. internal revenue laws, which was the highest amount on this item paid
by any state — the next highest being Pennsylvania, which wras " caught
at it" to the amount of $27,867.20.

U. 8. LANDS AND LAND OFFICES.

There are now three U. S. land offices in Missouri, to-wit: at Boon-
ville, Ironton and Springfield. The report of the general land office for
1879 showed 41,836,931 acres of government land still open to home-
stead entry in Missouri.

LEGAL TENDER IN MISSOURI.

Gold coins of the United States (unmutilated), and the " greenback"
paper currency are legal tender for the payment of any possible amount
of indebtedness. Silver coins are legal tender for any amount not exceed-
ing $10 at one payment — but the standard silver dollar is legal tender for

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 47

any amount, unless the contract specially provides otherwise. The baser
coins of nickel, copper and alloy (3 cent pieces), are legal tender for any
sum not exceeding 25 cents. The "trade dollar," and national bank
notes are not legal tender; neither is any foreign coin, either of gold or
silver, nor the u stamped bullion " gold pieces of California.

U. S. 'CUSTOM HOUSE.

St. Louis is a port of entry for foreign goods; and the imports received
here during the year 1880, amounted to (foreign value), $1,401,180; on
which the import duties paid was $537,257.83. A fine custom house
building is in process of erection, and will be completed in 1881.

MILITARY.

In the south part of St. Louis, on the river, there is a United States
arsenal, and six miles below the city,^fefferson Barracks are situated, a sta-
tion for a small part of the regular army. A few squares from the
arsenal there is a United States marine hospital.

MISSOURI'S DISTINGUISHED MEN.

Within our allotted space we can only give a brief sketch of those citi-
zens of Missouri who have so pre-eminently distinguished themselves as
to have achieved a solid national, and in some cases a world-wide fame.
First among these is —

Daniel Boone. The adventures of this famous hunter and Indian
fighter have become a staple part of the world's perennial stock of daring
exploits and hair-breadth escapes. He was born in Bucks county, Penn-
sylvania, February 11, 1735; emigrated to North Carolina and there mar-
ried. In 1773 he emigrated with his own and five other families to Ken-
tucky, and founded the present town of Boonesborough. In 1795 he
removed to the Missouri river country, and settled in St. Charles county,
about forty-five miles west of St. Louis, where he died in 1820, aged 85.
His remains, together with those of his wife, were many years after-
ward removed to Boonesborough, Kentucky, and a monument reared
over them.

Thomas H. Benton. Col. Benton was, in his lifetime, recognized as
one of the foremost statesmen of the nation, and the hearts of all good
Missourians kindle with pride at the mention of his name. He was a
specimen type of the best sort of Democrat; he always stood with Gen.

48 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.

Jackson and opposed the state-rights doctrines of John C. Calhoun; in
congress he opposed the repeal of the "Missouri Compromise;" and during
Gen. Jackson's presidency Col. Benton was so vigorous a champion of
hard money, as against the old U. S. bank swindle, that he came to be
familiarly known all over the United States as "Old Bullion." Col. Benton
was born near Hillsborough, North Carolina, March 14, 17S2; studied law
at Nashville, Tennessee, in 1810. In the war of 1S12 he served as a Colonel
under Gen. Jackson ; settled at St. Louis in 1815. In 1S20 he was elected as
the first U. S. Senator from Missouri, and continued to be re-elected every
term for thirty years; the longest period that any man in the nation has
filled a senatorial seat. In 1852-3 he served one term as member of con-
gress from the first district. In 1856 he was defeated in his candidacy for
governor by the state-rights party, to whose doctrines he was strongly
opposed, from the time of the nullification acts of South Carolina in 1832,
up to the day of his death. In 1S54 he published his great work, "Thirty
Years in the United States Senate," in two large volumes, and these are
held in high esteem as standard authority by politicians and statesmen of
every class. Col. Benton died April 10, 1858, mourned by the whole
nation as one of her worthiest sons.

James B. Eads, a citizen of St. Louis. His marvelous achievements as
a civil engineer have made his name familiar in all civilized countries on
the face of the earth; and his last great work, the jetties at the mouth of
the Mississippi river, has revolutionized the commerce of three continents.
Mr. Eads was born at Lawrenceburg, Indiana, May 28, 1S20; emigrated
with his parents to Louisville, Kentucky, in 1829; and in 1S33 settled at
St. Louis. In July, 1861, the government advertised for seven gun-boats
of about 600 tons burden, drawing not over six feet of water, plated with
iron 2^ inches thick, to steam nine miles an hour, and carry thirteen guns.*
Mr. Eads contracted to build those seven vessels in sixty-five days. At
this time the timber for them stood uncut in the forest; the iron for their
plating was still in the mines, and no machine yet in existence of capacity
to roll such enormous plates; and not a pound of iron or steel yet wrought
or cast for the construction of the twenty-one steam engines and thirty-
five boilers required to propel the fleet. But within twenty-four hours
from the signing of the contract at Washington, he had all the iron works,
foundries and machine shops of St. Louis, started on the work; and inside
of two weeks he had more than 4,000 men working in alternate gangs by
night and day, Sundays included, so that not an hour should be lost. The
boats were built at St. Louis, but the states of Kentucky, Tennessee, Illinois,
Indiana, Ohio, Minnesota and Missouri were all drawn upon for material,
while large works in Cincinnati and Pittsburg were also whirling every

*See Major Boynton's "History of the United States' Navy."

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 49

wheel to hasten forward the great undertaking, all being under the direc-
tion and control by telegraph or in person of this one man; and he filled
the contract. The world's history shows no parallel to the wonderful
mastery of resources and the tremendous vigor of executive and super-
visory talent which this achievement involved. He projected, planned
and built the magnificent railroad bridge across the Mississippi river at
St Louis, which ranks among the greatest works of its kind on this round
globe. He projected and built the jetties at the mouth of the Mississippi,
which enable the largest sea-going vessels to pass in and out freely, thus
making possible the barge system of shipping grain and other products
from St. Louis and Kansas City direct to foreign countries, and which
has within two years revolutionized the entire international commerce of
the Mississippi and Missouri valley states. He is now engaged in devel-
oping a ship railway across the Isthmus of Panama, which will take the
heaviest loaded ships into a dry-dock on wheels and trundle them from
ocean to ocean, as easily and safely as they are now towed through the
ship canal at Suez.

Carl Schurz. Born near Cologne, Prussia, March 2, 1829; educated
at the University of Bonn ; took part in the revolutionary agitations of
Europe in 1848 and following years, involving Germany, Austria, Italy,
Hungary, etc.; and in which Kossuth in Hungary, and Garibaldi in Italy
were prominent leaders, whose names are familiar to and honored by all
Americans. Mr. Schurz came to the United States in 1852; settled as a
lawyer at Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in 1859; in 1861 was appointed minister
to Spain; resigned and came home, and in 1862-3-4, was a major-gen-
eral of volunteers in the Union army. In 1867 he settled at St. Louis as
editor of the Westliche Post; was United States senator from Mis-
souri from 1869 to 1875, and was secretary of the interior in President
Hayes' cabinet. Mr. Schurz has thus won the highest positions ever held
in the United States by any foreign-born citizen, and has reflected honor
upon Missouri, his adopted state, by his masterful ability as a public
speaker, and his strong, earnest, humanitarian efforts as an executive offi-
cer.

Prof. Charles V. Riley, was born in London, England, September
12, 1843; came to the United States in 1860. In 1868 established in St.
Louis, in company with Benjamin D. Walsh, a scientific journal called the
American Entomologist, and was the same year appointed state entomol-
ogist of Missouri ; this position he filled to the great benefit and honor of
the state for eight years; then he was called to come up higher, and took
position as entomologist of the national department of agriculture at
Washington. Prof. Riley's valuable investigations and discoveries with
regard to the Colorado beetle (potato bug), the Rocky Mountain locust
4

50 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.

(grasshoppers), the cotton worm, and the phylloxera, or grape insect, have
placed his name in the foremost ranks in the world of science, and among
the greatest of benefactors to the agricultural and horticultural industries
of the world. This he achieved while serving Missouri as state entomol-
ogist, and through the publication by the state of his annual reports.
Hence, the name and good repute of our noble commonwealth is insepar-
ably associated with his honor and fame, which has reached the farthest
confines of every land where potatoes, cotton or grapes are cultivated.

MISSOURI IN THE CIVIL WAR.

Missouri was powerfully agitated by the controversy on the slavery
question in 1818-19-20, which resulted in the "Missouri Compromise."
This was a compact, mainly carried through congress by the eloquence
and influence of the great senator, Henry Clay, of Kentucky, by which
it was agreed that Missouri should be admitted to the Union as a slave-
holding state ; but that slavery should be forever excluded from any states
which might thereafter be formed out of new territory west of the western
boundary of Missouri, and north of the parallel of 36 degrees, 30 minutes
of north latitude. This line practically corresponds with the southern
boundary of Virginia, Kentucky, Missouri, Kansas, Colorado and Utah,
as they now stand.

In May, 1854, congress passed a bill organizing the territories of
Kansas and Nebraska, in which it was declared that the Missouri Com-
promise of 1820 did not apply to them. This was an indirect way of
repealing or rendering nugatory the bargain made between the northern
and the southern states in that compromise; and the floodgates of angry
debate, contention and strife were at once opened. This became the issue
upon which all elections turned. Instead of slavery being prohibited, as the
compromise of 1820 had declared it should be, it was thrown open for the
territorial legislature to decide whether it should be free or slave territory.
In view of this, there was a rush and race of settlers from the free states
and the slave states into Kansas, to see which party should get control of
the first territorial legislature; and in this movement Missouri, as a slave
state, took a prominent part. It was a border country conflict, and there-
was illegality and violence on both sides, making a chapter in our state
history the details of which might profitably be dropped out and forgotten.
Suffice to say, the free state party carried the election; and this conflict
was a precursor of the great civil war.

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 51

In 1860 C. F. Jackson was elected governor of Missouri. Abraham
Lincoln had been elected President of the United States at the same time.
Governor Jackson took his seat January 4, 1S61; the question of secession
was then already in warm discussion in some of the southern states, and
Governor Jackson in his inaugural address maintained that " Missouri
must stand bv the other slave-holding states, whatever course thev mav
pursue." The general assembly ordered an election to be held February
18th, for members of a state convention; the proposed object of this con-
vention was " to consider the then existing relations between the United
States, the people and government of the different states, and the govern-
ment and people of the state of Missouri; and to adopt such measures for
vindicating the sovereignty of the state and the protection of its institutions
as shall appear to them to be demanded." This convention met, first at
Jefferson City, and afterward at St. Louis, and had a decided majority of
Unionists — that is, of men opposed to secession; some because they
believed in the doctrine of " Federal Nationality," as against the doctrine
called "State Rights;" others because, like A. H. Stevens, of Georgia,
they saw with a clear eye that secession must inevitably result in the
overthrow of slavery. And thus the Union men themselves were strongly
divided into northern and southern sympathizers. The convention sat at
St. Louis, without any important results, from March 9th to 2'2d, when it
adjourned, subject to the call of its committee on federal relations.

National events rushed on rapidly to a crisis which would admit of no
temporizing. In April, Fort Sumter was fired upon; President Lincoln
called for 75,000 troops ; and men must now take sides for or against the
national sovereignty of the lawfully constituted Federal authorities. Our
legislature was in session; its measures and discussions were almost
entirely of the "State Rights" type; and in a message to the legislature
on May 3, 1861, Governor Jackson said the President's call for troops "is
unconstitutional and illegal, tending toward a consolidated despotism. * *
Our interest and sympathies are identical with those of the slave-holding
states, and necessarily unite our destinv with theirs." While these
influences were working in the central and western parts of the state, and
organizations of " state guards " were being rapidly formed to resist the
federal authority, Gen. Nathaniel Lyon and Col. F. P. Blair were actively
enlisting men and organizing regiments in St. Louis and vicinity, to main-
tain the federal authority. The most intense alarm and consternation
prevailed ihroughout the state. Several minor conflicts occurred between
state militia or "guards" and Union troops, all hinging upon the question
of which power had the right of paramount sovereignty. The state
troops were mostly under command of General Sterling Price, subordinate
only to the governor of the state; while the federal troops were under

52 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.

command of General Lyon, by authority of the President of the United
States.*

Governor Jackson finally tried to make terms with Gen. Lyon, that no
federal troops should be stationed in or allowed to pass through the
state. This was refused; and the governor then immediately issued a
formal call, June 12, for 50,000 state militia. About April 20th, nearly
two months before this, the " state guards " had seized the United States
arsenal at Liberty, in Clay county, and taken its stores and arms for
their own use. This was several weeks before the celebrated "Camp
Jackson" affair. The wager of battle was now fairly joined in Missouri
between different parties of her own citizens, although volunteers from
other states soon began to pour in. The following is a chronological list
of the more important actions and events:

April 12, 1S61. — Confederates opened fire on Fort Sumter, which was
yielded up and evacuated on the 14th.

April i j. — President Lincoln's proclamation, calling for 75,000 volun-
teers to sustain the government, and calling a special session of congress.

y^ SUCCEEDING EVENTS IN MISSOURI.+

April ip. — Gov. Jackson wrote to David Walker, President of the
Arkansas Convention, thus: "I have been from the beginning in favor of
decided and prompt action on the part of the southern states, but the
majority of the people of Missouri, up to the present time, have differed
with me. "

April 20. — The U. S. arsenal, at Liberty, in Clay county, was seized
and garrisoned by about a hundred "state guards," and the arms and
cannon were distributed to their friends throughout the county, with the
concurrence of the governor.;}:

April 22. — Governor Jackson officially resented the president's call for
troops, and called an extra session of the legislature, to arm and equip
state troops. State militia ordered to go into encampment on May 3, for
one week.

* It is not the purpose of this history to give a detailed narrative of events of the war
time; neither to discuss the right or the wrong of the views of either party in the conflict.
We only give a brief mention of some of the most important incidents and leading actors,
to show how and wherein the people of Missouri were themselves divided in opinion,
what motives moved them, and what events stand out as of chief historic celebrity.
Indeed, we would gladly skip this period of our state history entirely, if it were permissible
in such a work.

fThe events here given, in their chronological order, have been collated from more
than thirty different volumes containing different items or parts of Missouri's war history.
The narratives, dates and statistics were found often conflicting; and we have endeavored
to use those only which seemed to be the best authenticated, or the most probable under
the circumstances — and to localize events as closely as possible by naming the towns,
streams, counties, etc., where they occurred.

JThe governor had already (April 20th) seized the United States arsenal at Liberty, and
had distributed among his friends the arms it contained. "—Draper's History of the Civil
War, Vol. II, p. 228.

HISTORY- OF" THE STATE OF' MISSOURI. 53

April 25, Night. — Capt. Lyon secretly removed the war stores in U.
S. arsenal at St. Louis, by steamboat, over to Alton, Illinois.

April 28. — Gov. Jackson wrote secretly to Jk W. Tucker, Esq., of St.
Louis: "I want a little time to arm the state, and I am assuming every
responsibility to do it with all possible dispatch. * * * We should
keep our own counsels. * * * Nothing should be said about the time
or the manner in which Missouri should go out. That she ought to go,
and will go at the proper time, I have no doubt. She ought to have
gone last winter, when she could have seized the public arms and public
property and defended herself. " *

May j. — Legislature met. Governor Jackson denounced the presi-
dent's call for troops as " unconstitutional and illegal. " Mean wnile Col.
F. P. Blair, Jr., member of congress from the 1st district, of St. Louis,
had enlisted one full regiment, and had four others in course of organiza-
tion, within ten days from the issue of the president's call.

May 10. — A body of " state guards," under command of Gen. D. M.
Frost, acting under Governor Jackson's authority, had established a camp
near St. Louis, called "Camp Jackson." Capt. Lyon, who had been
since February in charge of the U. S. arsenal at St. Louis, with a few
soldiers of the regular army (less than 500), discovered that the Camp
Jackson men were receiving arms and ammunition by steamboats from
the south, in boxes marked " marble. " Accordingly, on the morning of
May 10th, he with his regulars, and Col. Blair with his Missouri volun-
teers, surrounded, surprised and captured the camp, taking as prisoners
of war 639 privates and 50 officers. The arms captured consisted of 20
cannon, 1200 new rifles, several chests of muskets, and large quantities of
shot, shell, cartridges, etc.

May 12. — Gen. Wm. S. Harney took command of the Union forces in
Missouri. Meanwhile the legislature had passed an act making every
able-bodied man subject to military duty. All public revenues for 1860-61
(about $3,000,000) were authorized to be used by the governor for military
purposes.

May 21. — Gen. Harney made a truce or compromise of peace with
Gen. Price, commander of the state troops.

June 1. — The president repudiated Gen. Harney's truce with Price;
also removed him from his command and gave it to Gen. Lyon, who had
on May 17th been appointed a brigadier-general of volunteers.

'June 4. — Governor Jackson issued a circular claiming the Harney-
Price compact to be still in force.

'June 11. — Gen. Price and Gov. Jackson sought a "peace conference"
with Gen. Lyon and Col. Blair. The governor stipulated as a vital con-

*See official address of the state convention, issued to the people July 31, 1861. '

54 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.

dition of peace, that no Federal troops should be stationed in or pass
through Missouri. The proposition was rejected.

yunc 12. — Gasconade railroad bridge burnt; also, Osage river bridge;
and telegraph lines cut that connected with St. Louis.

yunc ij. — Governor Jackson issued a call for 50,000 state militia, to repel
federal invasion; referred to the president as " the military despotism which
has introduced itself at Washington;" and said to the people, "your first
allegiance is due to your own state." He appointed ex-Governor Ster-
ling Price as major general; and M. L. Clark, John B. Clark, Parsons,
Slack, Harris, Rains, McBride, Stein and Jeff. Thomson, as brigadier-
generals. The state militia were called to rendezvous at Boonville and
Lexington. The governor and other officers left Jefferson Citv for Boon-
ville this day,* while at the same time General Lyon was embarking with
1,500 men at St. Louis, to take and hold the state capital.

yunc ij. — General Lyon arrived at Jefferson City.

yunc 16. — Re-embarked his troops for Boonville.

yunc iy. — Battle of Boonville. Colonel Marmaduke defeated. State
troops retreated to Warsaw, with loss of fifty killed. Federal loss, two
killed.

yunc 18-19. — Colonel O'Kane, with 350 state militia, surprised in the
night, a half-formed Union regiment at Cole Camp, in Benton county, under
Capt. Cook. Pollard's " Southern History " says, in this affair the Union-
ists lost 206 killed, a large number wounded, and over 100 taken prison-
ers, beside 362 muskets captured; O'Kane lost 15 killed and 20 wounded.

yuly j. — Governor Jackson and General Price were at Montevallo, in
Vernon county, with (Pollard says) 3,600 state troops.

yuly j-6. — Battle of Carthage (or Dry Fork), in Jasper county; union
loss, 13 killed and 31 wounded; state troops, under Price and Jackson,
lost about 300 killed and wounded. Gen. Seigel, the union commander,
fell back sixty miles, to Springfield and joined Gen. Lyon.

yuly 8.— A small fight occurred at Bird's Point, in Mississippi county.
Confederates lost 3 killed and S wounded. Federal loss, if any, not reported.

yuly 22. — The state convention, which had adjourned subject to the
call of its committee on federal relations, re-convened at Jeflerson City.

yuly 2j. — Maj. Gen. Fremont arrived at St. Louis, as commander of
the western department, which comprised Illinois, Kentucky, Missouri,
Kansas, and the territories westward.

yuly jo. — State convention, by a vote of 56 to 25, declared the state
offices and seats in legislature vacant, by reason of their occupants being
engaged in treasonable and armed hostilities against the lawfully consti-

" *The capture of Camp Jackson and the flight of the chief executive from the capital,
was the occasion of a partial destruction of the Osage and Gasconade bridges [railroad], as
well as those over Gray's creek, west of Jefferson City." — Annual report of state commis-
sioner of statistics, 1806, p. 255.

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 55

tuted federal authorities, and that all legislative and executive acts in pur
suance of such treason or armed hostility, pretended to be done in the
name and by authority of the state of Missouri, zvcre null and void.
They elected to fill the state office vacancies, H. R. Gamble, governor;
W. P. Hall, lieutenant governor; Mordecai Oliver, secretary of state;
and appointed the first Monday of November as a day of general election.

'July J i. — Lieut. Governor Reynolds, whose office had been declared
vacant by the state convention, issued a proclamation, dated at New Mad-
rid, July 31, in which he said: " I return to the state, to accompany in
my official capacity, one of the armies which the warrior statesman [Jef-
ferson Davis], whose genius now presides over the affairs of our half of
the Union, has prepared to advance against the common foe. * *

You behold the most warlike population on the globe, the people of the
lower Mississippi valley, about to rush with their gleaming bowie-knives
and unerring rifles, to aid us in driving out the abolitionists and their Hes-
sion allies. * * The road to peace and internal security is only
through union with the south. * Rally to the stars and bars,

in union with the glorious ensign of the grizzly bear."*

August 2. — Battle of Dug Springs, in Lawrence county. General
McCulloch, of Arkansas, in command of Confederates, marching to
attack Springfield, was checked, and fell back to Sarcoxie; loss, 40 killed,
44 wounded. General Lyon fell back to Springfield; loss, 8 killed, 30
wounded.

August j. — Confederate troops under Col. Martin E. Green, attacked
Missouri state militia, under Col. Moore, at Athens, in Clark county, and
were defeated with a loss of 43 killed.

August 6. — Governor Jackson, being now at Carthage, and just hear-
ing of the action of the state convention, also issued a proclamation, de-
claring the union between Missouri and the other states totally dissolved,
and proclaiming the state of Missouri to be " a sovereign, free and inde-
pendent republic."

August io.— Battle of Wilson's Creek. Gen. Lyon, Federal, had
5,500 infantry, 400 cavalry, and 18 cannon. Gen. McCulloch, Confeder-
ate, says that his "effective force was 5,300 infantry, 15 pieces of artillery,
and 6,000 horsemen." (The Union officers imagined and reported more
than double this number against them; one said 23,000, and another
24,000.) The Confederates lost 421 killed, 1,317 wounded and 30 mis-
sing. The Federals reported 223 killed, 721 wounded and 292 missing,
and 5 cannon lost. Gen. Lyon was killed in this engagement.

August 14.. — Federals evacuated Springfield and retreated to Rolla, but

*Early in March the confederate congress had adopted the " stars and bars " as the flag
of their confederacy. The state seal of Missouri has two grizzly bears among its emblems.

56 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.

were not pursued. Earthwork fortifications were this day commenced
around St. Louis.

August ji. — Gen. Fremont issued a general order proclaiming martial
law in Missouri; the property of all persons who had taken up arms
against the United States was declared to be confiscated, and " their
slaves to be free men" (President Lincoln at once annulled this last
clause.)

September ij. — Siege of Lexington commenced by Gen. Price. His
force has been variously estimated from 22,000 to 28,000, with 13 cannon.
Col. Mulligan, Federal, had 2,780 troops, with six brass cannon,
two howitzers, and forty rounds of ammunition. The same day, at
Boonville, the Confederates, led by Col. Brown, attacked the Federal gar-
rison in command of Col. Eppstein, and were repulsed with a loss of 12
killed and 30 wounded; Federal loss, 1 killed and 4 wounded.

September ij. — Battle of Blue Mills Landing, or Missouri Bottom, in
Clay county. A body of Confederates, variously estimated at 600 to 1,000
men, were on their way to join Gen. Price, at Lexington ; and being pur-
sued by a body of TOO Iowa and Missouri Unionist volunteers, they laid
in ambush, and were attacked. The Federals lost 16 killed and 80
wrounded; the Confederates lost 10 killed and 60 wounded, repulsed their
assailants, and then crossed over to Blue Mills, in Jackson county, on the
south side of the Missouri, and marched on to Lexington.

September zS-zp. — Main battle of Lexington.

September 20. — Col. Mulligan surrendered. Gen. Price honorably rec-
ognized the pluck and splendid heroism of his opponents, who were out
of both provisions and ammunition, and for two days had had no water
except the night dews which settled in their blankets and was wrung out
into camp dishes in the morning. He released the privates on parole, but
retained the officers as prisoners. Of the Federals there were 42 killed
and 108 wounded. Gen. Price reported 25 killed and 72 wounded, from
his regular muster rolls. But nearly half the men there with him were
not formally enrolled as soldiers, and the losses among them could never
be ascertained with any certainty, though known to be pretty large.

September 2Z. — A fight occurred at Papinsville, in Bates county, in
which, as reported, 17 Unionists were killed, and 40 Confederates killed
and 100 captured.

September 27. — Gen. Fremont left St. Louis for Jefferson City, in pur-
suit of Price, with an army of 15,000 infantry, 5,000 cavalry, and 86
pieces of artillery; his chief officers were Generals Hunter, Pope, Siegel,
McKinstrv and Asboth. But Price was too good a general to be caught
at a disadvantage ; he however skillfully managed to lead the Federals on
wrild goose chases after him all over southern Missouri.

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 57

October ij. — Secretary of War Cameron, and Adj't. Gen. Thomas,

visited Fremont at Tipton.

On the same day the Federal garrison at Lebanon, in LaClede county,

was attacked unsuccessfully by Confederates, who lost 27 killed, 12

wounded, and 36 taken prisoners. Federal loss, 1 killed and several

wounded.

October 14. — On this day Fremont's army reported thus:

1st division, Gen. Hunter, at Tipton 9,750 men

2d " Gen Pope, at Georgetown 9,220 men

3d " Gen. Siegel, at Sedalia 7,980 men

4th " Gen. Asboth, at Tipton 6,451 men

5th " Gen. McKinstry, at Syracuse 5,388 men

Total 38,789 men

They were all hunting for Gen. Price, to give him battle ; he was not
yet ready for a pitched battle, but he worried the Federals a great deal by
decoying them into many a long and fruitless march.

About this time several small fights occurred in different parts of the
state, but of which few particulars can be obtained. The " American
Annual Cyclopedia," for 1861, gives the following statistics: Oct. 15,
Big River bridge, Federal loss, 1 killed, 7 wounded, 52 missing; Confed-
erate loss, 20 killed, 4 wounded. October 16, Bolivar Heights [in Polk
county], Federal loss, 7 killed; Confederate loss, 150 killed. Oct. 17,
Pilot Knob, Federal loss, 1 killed, 10 wounded; Confederate loss, 36
killed. Oct. 19, Big Harrison Creek, Federal loss, 2 killed, 14 wounded;
Confederate loss, 14 killed, 8 missing. Oct. 23, West Liberty [in Putnam
county], Federal loss, 2 wounded; Confederate loss, 15 killed, 30 wounded.*

October 16. — Recapture of Lexington by Major White, releasing Union
prisoners, including two colonels of Mulligan's brigade.

October 21. — Battle of Fredericktown, in Madison county. Confeder-
ate Col. Jeff Thompson was defeated with loss of 200 killed, and made a
hasty retreat, leaving 60 of his dead behind him. Federal loss, 30 killed.

October 24. — Battle of Springfield. Major Zagonyi, with 300 cavalry,
known as " Fremont's Body Guard, " attacked an irregular force estima-
ted at 1,200 foot and 400 horsemen, and defeated them, losing 84 of his
men killed or wounded; 100 of his troops were Kentuckians. The Con-
federate loss was known to be considerable, but could never be fully ascer-
tained; their dead were buried the next day, under a flag of truce.

October 2j. — Gen. Siegel reached Springfield with his division. Fre-
mont was concentrating his army at Springfield, to fortify and hold it as

*In the greater number of battles in this state the Federals had the advantage of more
artillery than the Confederates, and men better skilled in its use; and this is why the
losses on the Confederate side so often seem out of proportion.

58 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.

the key to southwestern Missouri and northern Arkansas, where Price
and McCulloch were operating.

November 2. — Fremont was removed from command and Gen. Hunter
placed in his stead.

November 2. — A shaVp fight occurred on Bee Creek, between Weston
and Platte City, in Platte county; the Confederate loss is given as 13 killed
and 30 missing; Federal loss not known.

November 7. — Gen. Hunter evacuated Springfield and fell back to Rolla.
This same day the baftle of Belmont occurred; Federal loss, 84 killed,
388 wounded, and 285 taken prisoners. Pollard's "Southern History"
says the Confederate loss in this battle was 632. But the National Hand-
Book reports the Confederate losses as 261 killed, 427 wounded, and 278
missing.

November 18. — Gen. H. W. Halleck arrived at St. Louis and took com-
mand, in place of Gen. Hunter.

November 21. — Gen. Halleck issued an order that no fugitive slaves should
be permitted to enter the lines of any camp, nor of any forces on the march.
(President Lincoln had some time before this annulled Gen. Fremont's
order declaring certain slaves free.)

November 27. — Gen. J. M. Scbofield placed in command of Missouri
Federal troops.

November and December. — During these months there occurred several
irregular conflicts of no great importance, but still deemed worthy of cas-
ual mention in Horace Greely's History of the War, because they served
to show how the Missouri people were divided among themselves, and
thereby suffered the more. The village of Warsaw was burned Nov. 19,
and Platte City, Dec. 16, by guerillas; a small fight occurred at Salem
Dec. 3, at Rogers' mill Dec. 7, and at or near Glasgow, Potosi, Lexing-
ton, Mount Zion, and Sturgeon, on Dec. 28th.

December J. — Col. Freeman with a regiment of Confederate cavalry,
made a night attack on Federal troops under Col. Bowen, near Salem, in
Dent county, and was defeated, with a loss of 16 killed, 20 wounded and
10 prisoners. Federal loss, 3 killed, 8 wounded, 2 missing. Col. Free-
man had suffered a sore defeat near Springer's mill, in the east part of
the county, in August; but no further particulars could be obtained.

December 13. — Gen. Pope captured 300 recruits and 70 wagons loaded
with supplies, going from Lexington to join Gen. Price, who was then at
Osceola with 8,000 men.

December 18. — Col. J. C. Davis, of Pope's army, surprised a Confeder-
ate camp at Milford, and captured 3 colonels, 17 captains, 1,300 soldiers,
1,000 stand of arms, 1,000 horses, besides all their tents, baggage and
supplies. Federal loss, 2 killed, 17 wounded.

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 59

December 20. — By a concerted night attack, the Hannibal & St. Joe
railroad was broken, and bridges destroyed for about a hundred miles*

OPERATIONS IN 1862.

March j. — Price and McCulloch,*at Boston Mountain, Arkansas, were
joined by Maj. Gen. Van Dorn, Confederate commander of the Trans-
Mississippi department, and by Gen. Pike, with a brigade of Indians from
the Indian Territory. This army now numbered about 20,000, all under
Gen. Van Dorn.

March y-8.— Battle of Pea Ridge. Although Pea Ridge is really in
Arkansas (just over the line), the battle was fought by the Confederates
to regain a foothold in Missouri, and it properly belongs to the history of
Missouri military operations. The Federal forces under Gen. Curtis
engaged in this battle were 10,500 men and 49 cannon. Gen. Van Dorn's
army is variously given by different southern authorities, all the way
from 16,000 to 30,000. The Federal loss was 203 killed, 972 wounded, 176
missing. Count Paris' history states that the Confederates "left more
than one thousand men in killed and wounded upon that long-contested
battle-field." The Confederate Generals McCulloch and Mcintosh were
mortally wounded in this battle, and Gen. Buckner was captured. The
Confederates lost 1,100 killed, 2,500 wounded, and 1,600 taken prisoners.

August 6.— Battle of Kirksville. Col. Porter, with 2,000 or 3,000 Con-
federates, mostly raw recruits who had been destroying bridges, was
attacked by Col. McNeil with 1,000 cavalry and 6 cannon. Battle lasted
four hours. Confederates retreated, with loss of 180 killed and 500
wounded, and some wagon loads of arms and other supplies. Federal
loss, 28 killed and 60 wounded.

August io. — Federals attacked 1,200 Confederates under Col. Poindex-
ter while crossing the Chariton river. After a running fight of three or
four days, Col. Poindexter's troops were all killed, captured or dispersed,
and himself taken prisoner.

August ii. — Col. Hughes captured the Federal garrison of 312 men of
the 7th Missouri cavalry, stationed at Independence.

August i j. — Battle of Lone Jack, in Jackson county. Col. Coffey and
Col. Hughes, with 4,500 men, attacked the Federals under Major Foster,
wounding him, capturing his two cannon, and compelling him to retreat
to Lexington. The victorious Confederates were in turn pursued by

. u*By order of Gen. Sterling Price, it [the North Missouri Railroad] was partially
destroyed in June and July, 1861; and 6n the 20th of December, 1861, for a hundred miles,
every bridge and culvert was broken down, and a perfect wreck made of everything that
could be destroyed. In September and October, 1864, two trains of cars and seven depots
were burned, and several engines injured." — Annual Report State Commissioner of Statis-
tics, 1866 ; p. 258.

60 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.

stronger bodies of the National troops, and rapidly retreated toward
Arkansas.

September 24.. — Gen. Curtis placed in command of all Union troops in
Missouri.

October 1. — Battle of Newtonia, in Newton county. Gen. Salomon, of
Wisconsin, was defeated by Confederate cavalry. Losses not known.
Gen. Hindman was advancing from Arkansas with 13,000 to 20,000 Con-
federates, poorly armed. Gen. Schofield came up with 10,000 troops to
attack him at Newtonia, but he retreated back into Arkansas, closely
pursued by the Federals.

December 7. — Battle of Prairie Grove, Ark. This, being just over the
line, was practically a Missouri battle ; it was fought between the same
armies which had been so long contending for the mastery in this state.
Our own state Generals, Marmaduke, Parsons and Frost, were in com-
mand, under Gen. Hindman. The Federal commanders were Generals
Blunt and Herron. Federal loss, 495 killed, 600 wounded ; the Confeder-
ates lost 1,500 in killed and wounded, and suffered a defeat.

events in 1863.

January 8. — Battle of Springfield. General Brown with 1,200 Mis-
souri State militia, was attacked by Gen. Marmaduke with 1,870 Confed-
erate troops. The battle lasted eight hours. Federal loss, 14 killed, 145
wounded, 5 missing. Confederates lost, 41 killed and 160 wounded, 80
of the latter being left as prisoners.

"January II. — Battle of Hartsville. Firing commenced at 11 A. m., and
continued until 4:30 p. m. Confederates under Generals Marmaduke and
Porter lost 300 killed and wounded, and 29 taken prisoners. Among the
killed were Gen. McDonald and Col. Porter, besides six other officers. The
Federals were under Col. Samuel Merrill, (afterward Governor of Iowa),
and lost 7 killed, 64 wounded and 7 missing. The Confederates retreated
back into Arkansas.

March 28. — Steamboat " Sam. Gaty " captured by Confederates at
Sibley's landing, near Independence.

April 26. — The Federal garrison at Cape Girardeau under Gen. Mc-
Neil was attacked by Gen. Marmaduke with 10,000 men, and a battle of
five hours ensued, in which the assailants lost 60 killed and over 300
wounded. They retreated back into Arkansas, being pursued to the state
line by Missouri militia, and a few more were killed or captured.

May ij. — Gen. Schofield was placed in command in Missouri, succeed-
ing Gen. Curtis.

August ij. — Col. Coffey, Confederate, attacked the 6th Missouri cav-
alry under Col. Catherwood, at Pineville, in McDonald county, and was

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 61

repulsed, with loss of 200 killed, wounded and prisoners, besides his
wagons, munitions and cattle.

October i j. — Battle near Arrow Rock, Saline county. Confederates
reported 2,500 in number, under Cols. Shelby and Coffey, were attacked
by Missouri state militia under Gen. E. B. Brown, and defeated with a
loss of 300 in killed, wounded and prisoners, besides all their artillery and
baggage. Fight lasted five hours. Federal loss not known, though
reported as " also large."

events in 1864.

January 28. — Gen. Rosecrans arrived at St. Louis and took command
of the Department of Missouri.

June — .The Belgian Consul, who was state commander of the secret
order of "American Knights," or "Sons of Liberty," was arrested, with
forty of the most prominent members, and held as hostages, because proof
had been discovered that they were plotting against the Federal authori-
ties.

September 26. — Gen. Price, with 10,000 men, attacked the Federal gar-
rison at Ironton (near Pilot Knob\ in command of Gen. Thomas Ewing,
jr., with 1,200 men. After a day's hard fighting the Federals spiked their
fort guns and retreated in the night to Rolla, having lost 200 killed and
wounded. The Confederates lost 1,500.

October 7. — Battle or skirmish of Moreau creek, in Cole county, which
Gen. Price crossed, and formed his army in line of battle about four miles
long around Jefferson City. But finding the Federal garrison intrenched,
he marched on west without attacking them. (The Federals had 6,700
men there).

October 22. — Gen. Pleasanton's Federal cavalry defeated Col. Fagan at
Independence, capturing two cannon.

October 23. — Battle on the Big Blue creek, in Jackson county, lasting
from 7 a. m., till 1 p. M. Confederates retreated southward.

October 25. — Battle on little Osage Creek in Vernon county. Gen.
Price was defeated, the Federals under Gen. Pleasonton capturing eight
cannon, and Generals Marmaduke and Cabell, besides five colonels and
1,000 men, with all equipments, supplies, etc. The fighting had been
almost continuous by some part of the troops, all along the march from
Independence to the Little Osage; and reports at this point give the Fed-
eral loss at 1,000 killed and wounded, and about 2,000 taken prisoners;
Confederate loss, 900 killed, 3,800 wounded and prisoners, and ten cannon
captured from them.

October 28. — Gen. Price again made a stand at Newtonia, in Newton
county, and had a sharp fight with the Federals under Gens. Blunt and San-
born, bfft was defeated and escaped into Arkansas. And this was the

62 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.

last encounter that can be called a "battle'' within the bounds of our state.
The numbers engaged on either side, and their losses in this last tight are
not reported.

MEN AND MONEY FOR THE WAR

Under President Lincoln's first call, April 15, 1861, for 75,000 volun-
teers, Missouri furnished 10,501 men ; and she furnished a total of 108,773
Federal or Union soldiers during the war. The total number of citizens
of Missouri who took up arms on the Confederate side cannot be ascer-
tained.

During the war the state issued its indebtedness called "Defense War-
rants" and "Union Military Bonds," for equipping and maintaining the
militia organizations of the state; the total amount was $7,876,575. All
of the defense warrants and one-half of the Union military bonds were
made receivable for state taxes*, and a special fund was created for the
redemption of the balance. The United States paid to the state of Mis-
souri a total of $6,440,323.95, to reimburse her for military expenses
incurred.

ST. LOUIS IN THE WAR-TIME.

Notwithstanding the strenuous competition of other cities, the superior
advantages of St. Louis for distribution, and a due regard for its own
interests, compelled the government to make St. Louis the western base
of supplies and transportation. During the war the transactions of the
government at this point were very large. Gen. Parsons, chief of trans-
portation in the Mississippi Valley, submits the following as an approxi-
mate summary of the operations in his department from 1S60 to 1865:

AMOUNT OF TRANSPORTATION.

Cannons and caissons 800

Wagons • 13,000

Cattle ' 80,000

Horses and mules 25< >,000

Troops 1,<)00,000

Pounds of military stores 1,950,000,000

Gen. Parsons thinks that full one-half of all the transportation employed
by the government on the Mississippi and its tributaries was furnished bv
St. Louis. From September, 1861, to December 31, 1865, Gen. Haines,
chief commissary of this department, expended at St. Louis for the pur-
chase of subsistence stores, $50,700,000. And Gen. Myers, chief quar-
termaster of the department, disbursed for supplies, transportation, and
incidental expenses, $180,000,000. 6

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 63

HOSPITAL SERVICE.

As a part of the war history of Missouri, the military hospitals of St.
Louis claim at least a brief mention. After the battle of Wilson's Creek
it became apparent that the government provision for hospitals was
entirely inadequate to the emergency. A voluntary organization, called
the Western Sanitary Commission, was formed, consisting of James E.
Yeatman (now of the Merchant's National Bank), Rev. Wm. G. Eliot, D.
D., (now Chancellor of Washington University), George Partridge,
(recently Vice President of Trustees of State Blind Asylum), Carlos S.
Greeley and John B. Johnson. Their purpose was to receive and distrib-
ute hospital supplies furnished by the people, and in every practicable way
aid and co-operate with the military authorities in the care of the sick and
wounded. The first woman regularly mustered into the United States
service as a hospital nurse, in Missouri, was Mrs. F. R. H. Reid, M. D.,
from Wisconsin, (now resides at Des Moines, Iowa). She was the
woman coadjutor of U. S. Surgeon, Dr. Mills, in opening and starting the
first large volunteer hospital, which was known as the Chestnut street
hospital; and afterward she took the same part in the Fourth street hos-
pital; and also with Dr. Melchior in the Marine hospital; also in a tem-
porary post hospital at Sulphur Springs.

To give an idea of the largeness of the hospital work, we quote from a
circular printed at St. Louis, Nov. 22, 1861,* which says: "There are
ten military hospitals in St. Louis alone, with a maximum capacity for
3,500 patients. The number of patients varies every day, but on Wednes-
day, November 20th, they reported patients under treatment as follows:

House of Refuge hospital, [Sisters of Charity nurses] '. 475

Fifth and Chestnut streets hospital, 461

Good Samaritan hospital, [for measles,] 173

Fourth street hospital, 328

Jefferson barracks hospital 72

Arsenal hospital, 16

Camp Benton hospital, 106

Pacific hospital, [depot for the hospital cars] 30

Duncan's Island hospital, [for small-pox: cases all convalescent,]. ... 4
Convalescent barracks, [known as Camp Benton,] 800

Total, 2,46S

" ( This does not include the company, regiment and brigade hospitals,
of wrhich there are several.) The average mortality has been about four
per cent. A hospital car, properly fitted up and manned, passes daily
over the railroad to the interior, ,to bring in the sick and wounded. The
arrangements for decent burial, registration of deaths, identification, etc.,

* Prepared and published by H. A. Reid, Associate Member for Wisconsin of the 'U. S.
Sanitary Commission.

64 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.

are very complete. The body of any soldier who may die in any of the
hospitals may be identified, and removed for other obsequies or burial by
relatives or friends. There are no hospital chaplains; but nurses are in-
structed by the sanitary commission, that every patient who asks for it,
will be visited by a clergyman of his own choice, at any hour."

There were hospitals also at Jefferson City, Rolla and Ironton at this
time. This circular contained a classified list, prepared by Mrs. Reid, of
over a hundred different articles needed for the care, comfort and welfare
of the soldiers in hospital, beyond what the general government could
furnish; the whole document was reprinted by state authority at Madison,
Wisconsin, and widely circulated. In a letter dated St. Louis, Jan. 14,
1862, Mr. Yeatman said: "Wisconsin has contributed most largely to-
wards supplying comforts for the sick in camps and hospitals in this
department, second to but one other state — Massachusetts. "

There was a prison hospital for sick Confederate prisoners, to whom
supplies were furnished from the stores of the sanitary commission, the
same as to the Union soldiers; and wounded Confederates were cared for
in the general hospitals the same as those of the Federal troops. The
writer hereof was an eye-witness to this fact; and is glad to record it as a
testimony of the true Christian spirit of the sanitary commission and the
magnanimity of the Federal authorities.

THE WARTIME STATE GOVERNMENT.

The civil authority of the state remained vested in the state conven-
tion from July, 1861, until July, 1863. This provisional body held the
following sessions:

1861— Jefferson City, February 28 to March 4.
St. Louis, March 6 to March 22.
Jefferson City, July 22 to July 31.
St. Louis, October 10 to October 18.

1862— Jefferson City, June 2 to June 14.

1863 — Jefferson City, June 15 to July 1, when it adjourned sine die.

The course of affairs had now become so far settled and pacified that
civil proceedings were again possible, and the regular fall elections were
held this year, 1863. On the 13th of February, 1864, the general assem-
bly convened, and passed an act to authorize the election of sixty-six
members to a state convention, "to consider such amendments to the con-
stitution of the state as might by it be deemed necessary for the emanci-
pation of slaves;* to preserve in purity the elective franchise to loyal
citizens, and for the promotion of the public good."

This convention met in St. Louis, January 6, 1865; and on the 11th of

* President Lincoln's emancipation proclamation, January 1, 1863, only applied to slaves
■within such states or parts of states as were then controlled by the Confederate power.

HISTORY OK THE STATE OK MISSOURI.

the same month it passed, by a vote of sixty ayes to four noes, an ordi-
nance emancipating all slaves within the state, and providing that it
should take effect immediately. The convention also framed a new con-
stitution, in many respects quite different from the old one. The final
vote in convention on the new instrument stood thirty-eight for, to thirteen
against it. The convention adjourned April 10, sine die. In June the
people voted on the new constitution, and the vote stood 43,670 for, to
41,808 against it.

The folio win"; are some of the most notable new features embodied in
the organic law of the state, and will readily explain why there was such
a large vote against its adoption : It established an oath of loyalty to the
United States; and those who would not take the oath it excluded from
the risrht to vote or hold anv civil office whatever, or act as a teacher in
any public school, or to solemnize marriage as a clergyman, or to practice
law in any of the courts. It limited the amount of land which any church
or religious society might hold to five acres of land in the country, or one
acre in town or city; provided for taxing church property; and declared
void any will bequeathing property to any clergyman, religious teacher
or religious society as such. There was a section designed to prevent
the state from giving public property, lands or bonds, to railroad compa-
nies. It provided that after January 1, 1870, no one could become a law-
ful voter who was not sufficiently educated to be able to read and write.

July 1, 1805, the governor, Thomas C. Fletcher, made proclamation
that the new constitution had been duly ratified by a lawful majority of
the people, and was thenceforth the organic law of the state. A few
amendments have been since adopted; but in all important points it
remains the same to this day.

* .

GQ HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.

TART II.— PHYSICAL AND INDUSTRIAL.

GEOLOGY AND MINERALS.

The geological history of Missouri commences at the very bottom of
the scale, or, in what may be termed the fire-crust period of geologic
time. (See chart on page 67). Dana's "Manual of Geology" is the
great standard work all over the United States on this subject. In his
chapter on Archaean Time he gives a map and brief sketch of our North
American continent as it existed at that remote period, which was,
according to a calculation made for the Royal Society of London in 1879,*
about 600,000,000 years ago. And as this is where Missouri first comes
to light, we quote Prof. Dana's account of the very meagre areas and
points of our continent which stood alone above the primeval ocean that
then enveloped the entire globe with its bubbling, seething, sputtering
wavelets — an enormous caldron of boiling, steaming silicious lye, rather
than water. Dana says:

" The principal of the areas is The Great Northern, nucleal to the con-
tinent, lying mostly in British America, and having the shape of the letter
V, one arm reaching northeastward to Labrador, and the other north-
westward from Lake Superior to the Arctic. The region appears to
have been for the most part out of water ever since the Archaean era.f
To this area properly belong the Adirondack area, covering the larger
part of northern New York, and a Michigan area south of Lake Supe-
rior, each of which was probably an island in the continental sea before
the Silurian age began.

" Beside this nucleal area, there are border-mountain lines of Archaean
rocks: a long Appalachian line, including the Highland Ridge of Dutch-
ess county, New York, and New Jersey, and the Blue Ridge of Penn-
sylvania and Virginia; -a long Rocky Mountain series, embracing the
Wind River mountains, the Laramie range and other summit ridges of
the Rocky Mountains. In addition, in the eastern border region, there is
an Atlantic coast range, consisting of areas in New Foundland, Nova
Scotia and eastern New England. In the western border region, a
Pacific coast range in Mexico; and several more or less isolated areas in
the Mississippi basin, west of the Mississippi, as in Missouri, Arkansas,
Texas, and the Black Hills of Dakota." — Dana's Manual, p. 150.

*See Popular Science Monthly, May, 1879, p. 137.

fThe "Archaean era," as used by Prof. Dana, in 1874, (the date of his latest revision)
included both the "Azoic Age," and "Age of Zooliths," as shown on the chart^p. 67. When
Prof. Dana wrote, it was still an open question whether the "eozoon" was of animal or
mineral origin ; but the highest authorities are now agreed that it was animal ; and Prof.
Reid has, therefore, very properly given it a distinct place in his " Zoic Calendar."

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.

GEOLOGICAL CHART;

Including the Rock Scale of Geological Periods and the "Zoic Calendar of Creation." Compiled
from the works of Agassiz, Lyell, Huxley, Haeckel, Dana, LeConte, and other first rank authorities in
Science at the present time. By Hiram A. Rkid, Secretary State Academy of Sciences at Dcs Moines,
Iowa. [Published by permission of the Author.]

Explanation. — The side line
at the left shows what portions of
geological time are comprehended
in the terms "eozoic," " paleo-
zoic," etc. The first column
shows the periods or "Ages" of
geological time during which the
different successive types of ani-
mal life predominated, or were the
highest types then in existence.
And these two divisions form the
"Zoic Calendar of Creation."

The second column shows the
great general groupings of rock
strata,in which are found the fossil
remains of the corresponding ani-
mal types named in the first col-
umn. But, at tne "Age of Rep-
tiles" occurs a grand divergement,
for it was during this age that an-
imal life pushed out into its most
wonderful developments ; and
there came into existence strange
and marvelous forms of swimming
reptiles, four-footed and two-foot-
ed walking reptiles, and two-foot-
ed and four-footed flying reptiles.
Here also the true birds began to
appear, though with reptilian pe-
culiarities; and likewise the mar-
supial animals, which are a tran-
sitional type, between reptiles
that produce their young by laying
eggs and the true mammals, that
bring forth their young well ma-
tured and then suckle them.

The third column shows the les-
ser groupings of rock beds as clas-
sified by our American geologists;
but many minor subdivisions and
local groups are omitted for want
of space. At the top of this col-
umn are shown the geological pe-
riods of first appearance of. races
of man, so far as now authentica-
ted by competent scientific au-
thorities.*

The fourth column shows the
number of feet in thickness of the
different groups of rock layers as
indicated by the braces.

This Chart is the most compre-
hensive and thorough in its de-
tails, and yet the most systemati-
cally and graphically presented to
the eye, of anything in its line
that has ever yet been published.
Here is the whole story of geol-
ogy and the ascent of life con-
densed into the space of a few
inches, yet so plainly set forth as
to readily fix itself in the memory
like an outline map. Scientific
terms in newspapers and maga-
zines often catch the reader at a
disadvantage; but a reference to
this chart will at once show the
relative place or period in crea-
tional progress to which the best
authorized geological terms apply.
It reaches, like a Jacob's ladder,
from the lowest inklings to the
highest ideals of life on the earth,
as taught by modern science and
the Christian Bible.

THIS CALENDAR IS TO BE READ FROM THE BOTTOM UPWARD.

AGE OF ANGELS.

See Psalms 8:5 Luke 50:36
Mark 12:25 1 Cor.l5:44
Heb.2:2to9 Rev.22:8,9

_£L.gre of

MAN.

Age of

MAMMALS

Age of

Reptiles,

Age of
Amphibians

Age of

FISHES

Recent.

Quaternary.

TERTIARY.

HISTORIC
PERIOD.

J3w

MYTHIC
PERIOD.

Rude Agricul-
ture.

'Terrace .Epoch.

Champlain Epoch.

GLACIAL EPOCH.

Feet in
thickness
of the
geological
group* of
rock form-
ations.

11
I

Pliocene.

Miocene.

Eocene,

500

8,000

Cretaceous

{• 9,000

JURASSIC.

TRIASSIC

( 800 to
j 1,000

13,000 to
j 5,000

Carboniferous

Devonian.

PERMIAN.

Coal

.6,000 to

Measures. I 14570

Sub-Carboniferous, i

Catskill.

Chemung.

Hamilton.

9,050 to
14,400

Comiferous.

AGE

INVERTEBRATES

Upper Silurian.

Oriskany

Helderberg.

Salina.

Niagara.

i 6,000 to
10,000

Lower Silurian.

Trenton.

Canadian .

Cambrian.

12,000to
15,000

AGE of ZOOLITHS

"This Age alone was
probably longer in dura-
tion than all subsequent
geological time." — Peof.
LeCONTE.

Primordial Vegetation

Eozoon Rocks.

Graphite Beds.

AZOIC AGE.

Cnnvri?ht 187S::H. A.Reidl

CO "

o
©

Huronian.

Laurentian.

Il0,000to
\ 20,000

[ 30,000

Metamorphic Granites

FIRE CRUST.

■ Unstrati-
fied.

( 350,0011.1100 years in cooling

down to 200°" F. at the sur- '- Depth
face [Prof. Hbi.iihoi.tz], a | unknown,
temperature at which very
low forms of vegetation can '
exist. j

*"The existence of Pliocene man in Tuscany is, then, in my opinivj, an ac-iuir?d scientific fact." — Sae Appletons' International Scientific
Series, Vol XXVII, p. 151. "The Miocene man of La Beauce already knrw the ose of fire, and worked flint." — lb. p. '-'43. See also, Prof.
Winchell's "Pre-Adamites," pp. 426-7-8. " Hie human race in America is shown to be at lea '.t of as ancient a date aa that of the Europeau
Pliocene." — Prof. J, D.Whitney. Similar views ar» held by Profs. Leidy, Marsh, Cope, Morse, Wyman, and other scientists of highest repute.

6S HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.

Thus, then, with the very first emergence of dry land out of the heav-
ily saturated and steaming mineral waters of the primeval ocean, we have
Pilot Knob, Shepherd Mountain, and a few smaller peaks in their vicin-
ity, forming an island in the vast expanse. The next nearest island was
a similar one at the Black Hills, in Dakota. There is no reason as yet
known fior believing that any form of life, either animal or vegetable, had
yet appeared in our Missouri region. The ocean water was still too hot,
and still too powerfully surcharged with mineral salts, alkalis and acids
to admit of any living tissues being formed; and the atmosphere was in
like manner thickly loaded with deadliest acids in the form of vapors,
which would partially condense as they arose, and fall upon the iron-
headed islands to form a mineral crust, and then be broken and washed
back into the sea. But this process being kept up and incessantly
repeated for millions of years (see Prof. Helmholtz's estimate at bottom
of the chart), both sea and air became gradually purified of its excess of
minerals and acids; and the water sufficiently cooled to admit of living
tissues being formed; and meanwhile the condensing and crust-forming
elements precipitated from the vapor-laden air or deposited directly from
the bulk waters of the shoreless sea, were busily forming the solid earth.
The different incrustations would each be a little different in their com-
ponent elements; and then being broken up and mixed together and
recombined, partly in the form of rough fragments, partly in the form of
dust or sand ground into this state by mechanical attrition, partly in the
form of fluidized or vaporized solutions, and partly in the form of molten
masses produced directly by the earth's internal fires, the process of com-
bining and recombining, with continual variation in the proportions, went
on through the long, dreary, sunless and lifeless Azoic Age.

But as soon as the great ocean caldron got cooled down to about 200
degrees Fahrenheit, it was then possible for a very low form of vegetation
to exist; and although no fossil remains of tHe first existing forms of such
vegetation have yet been found7 or at least not conclusively identified as
such, yet graphite or plumbago, the material from which our lead pencils
are made, is found in connection with the transition rocks between the
Azoic and the Zoolithian ages. Graphite is not a mineral at all, but is
pure vegetable carbon, and is supposed to be the remnant carbon of these
first and lowest forms of tough, leathery, flowerless sea-weeds. Some
small deposits of graphite are reported to have been found in connection
with the iron and metamorphic granites of our Pilot Knob island; and
that would indicate the first organic forms that came into existence within
the boundaries o£ what now we call the state of Missouri. Just think of
it! All North America, except a dozen widely scattered spots or islands,
was covered with an ocean that spread its seamy expanse all around
the globe ; no sunlight could penetrate the thick, dense cloud of vapors

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 69

that filled the enveloping atmosphere; according to our English author
before cited, this was 600,000,000 years ago, a period which the human
mind cannot grasp; but the Almighty Maker of worlds had even then
commenced to make the state of Missouri and its living occupants.

The earliest known forms of animal life, a kind of coral-making rhizo-
pod (root-footed) called Eozoon Canadense, are not found in Missouri, but
are found abundantlv in what are called the Laurentian rocks, in Canada
and elsewhere. (See chart ). It is not to be supposed, however, that the
enormous period called the " Age of Zooliths " passed, with forms of ani-
mal life existing in Canada, but none in our iron island region, unless we
assume that the mineral acidity of the waters coming in contact with this
island was so intense as to require all that vast period for its purification
sufficiently to permit the existence of the lowest and most structureless
forms of protoplasmic matter known to science. Prof. Swallow says, in
writing on the Physical Geography of Missouri, " below the magnesian
limestone series we have a series of metamorphosed slates, which are
doubtless older than the known fossiliferous strata; whether they belong to
the Azoic, the Laurentian or Huronian, I am unable to say."

The labors of our different state geologists have not discovered any
fossil remains in Missouri lower down in the rock scale than what is called
the " Lower Silurian " formations, which form the first half of the
"Age of Invertebrates " in the zoic-calendar portion of Prof. Reid's chart.
The term " Invertebrates " includes all forms of animal life that do not
have a back-bone, such as polyps, mollusks, worms, insects, crustaceans,
infusoria, etc. By the time this age (Silurian ) had commenced, our lone
island had been joined by large areas northward, southwestward, eastward
and northwestward, so that there began to be a continent; and several
hundred species of animals and plants have been found fossil in the rocks
of this period, but they are all marine species — none yet inhabiting the
dry land. Our chart shows the Lower Silurian epoch sub-divided into
Cambrian, Canadian and Trenton formations: but there are other local
sub-divisions belonging to this period, the same as to all the other general
periods named on the chart. The animals of this period were polyps or
coral-makers: worms, mollusks, trilobites,asterias (star-fishes ), all of strange
forms and now extinct. The trilobite, some species of which are found in
Missouri, was the first animal on the earth which had eyes, although
there were likewise a great many eyeless species of them; but the fact
that any of them had eyes during this age is considered by some scientists
to prove that the atmosphere had by this time become sufficiently rarefied
to let the sunlight penetrate clearly through it and strike the earth. On
the other hand, others hold that this did not occur until after the atmos-
phere had laid down its surcharge of carbonic acid and other gases, in the
forms of limestone from animal life and coalbeds from vegetable life; that

70 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.

is, there was nothing which we would now consider as clear sunshine
until the carboniferous period. At any rate, Prof. Dana says of the
Lower Silurian, "there was no green herbage over the exposed hills;
and no sounds were in the air save those of lifeless nature, — the moving
waters, the tempest and the earthquake." Having thus given the reader
some idea of the beginnings of land and the beginnings of life in our old,
old state, space will not permit us to linger with details upon the remain-
ing geological periods. We have compiled the following table from vari-
ous writings of our able state geologist, Prof. G. C. Swallow, of the State
University :

HOCK FORMATIONS OF MISSOURI.

Igneous Rocks. — Granite, porphyry, syenite, greenstone, combined
with those wonderful beds of iron and copper which are found in the
Pilot Knob region.

Azoic Rocks. — Silicious and other slates, containing no remains of
organic life, though apparently of sedimentary and not of igneous origin.

Lower Silurian — Feet thick.

Hudson river group (3 local subdivisions) 220

Trenton limestone 360

Black-river and birds- eye limestone 75

1st magnesian limestone 200

Saccharoidal (sugar-like) sandstone 125

2d magnesian limestone 230

2d sandstone 115

3d magnesian limestone 350

3d sandstone 60

4th magnesian limestone 300

Total thickness of Silurian rocks 2035

When the reader remembers that these were all formed successively
by the slow process of the settling of sediment in water, he will get some
idea of how it is that geology gives such astounding measurements of
time.

Upper Silurian — Feet thick.

Lower Helderberg formation 350

Niagara group 200

Cape Girardeau limestone 60

Total thickness 610

history of the state of missouri. 71

Devonian —

{Chouteau limestone 85

Vermicular sandstone and shales 75

Lithographic limestone 125

Hamilton group 40

Onondaga limestone (extremely variable).
Oriskany sandstone (doubtful).

Carboniferous —

Coal measures, consisting of strata of sandstones, limestones,
shales, clays, marls, brown iron ores and coal 2,000

In this formation there are from eight to ten good workable veins of
coal; and the Missouri basin coal-bearing area is the largest in the world.
It comprises the following:

Square miles.

In Missouri 27,000

Nebraska 10,000

Kansas 12,000

Iowa 20,000

Illinois 30,000

Total 99,000

The Sub-Carboniferous in Missouri is subdivided into:

Feet.

Upper Archimedes limestone 200

Ferruginous (irony) sandstone 195

Middle Archimedes limestone 50

St. Louis limestone 250

Oolitic limestone 25

Lower Archimedes limestone 350

Encrinital limestone 500

Total sub-carboniferous 1570

Cretaceous. — The Triassic and Jurassic formations have not been found
in this state; but Prof. Swallow has classed as probably belonging to the
Cretaceous epoch, six different formations which comprise a total thick-
ness of 15S feet. He says no fossils have been found to certainly identify
these beds, but their geological horizon and lithological characters deter-
mine their place in the scale.

Tertiary. — The beautiful variegated sands and clays and shales and
iron ores, which skirt the swamps of southeast Missouri along the bluffs
from Commerce to the Chalk Bluffs in Arkansas, belong to this system.

Quaternary. — In this Prof. Swallow includes what is separated under

72 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.

the name of "Recent" by Prof. Dana and others, as shown in the chart.

The Quaternary of Missouri is subdivided by Prof. Swallow into —

Alluvium 30 feet

Bottom Prairie 35 "

Bluff {Loess of other authors) 200 "

Drift (altered drift, boulder beds, boulder clay) 155 "

Total Quaternary formations. 420 "

That brings the succession of geological formations consecutively from
their beginning up to the present time: and now our own eves behold
eveiy day the processes of nature going on very much the same as they
have gone along through all the unthinkable lapse of time that has passed
.since Pilot Knob first pushed its brazen brow up above the strange deso-
lation of waters when "darkness was upon the face of the deep." And
now our next consideration must be, the present aspects of the land sur-
face of our state, together with its streams, its woodlands and its wonder-
ful mineral wealth and resources.

MINERAL RESOURCES.

In the extent, variety, and practical value of her stores of mineral
wealth, Missouri is not excelled by any other state in the Union. In the
fall of 1880 the New York Economist published an article on Missouri,
in which it said:

"The state of Missouri is one of the most remarkable pieces of this earth's
surface. Surface indeed! Missouri goes far enough under the surface
to furnish mankind with one hundred million tons of coal a year for thir-
teen hundred years. Think of 26,887 square miles of coal beds — nearly
half the state — and some of the beds nearly fifteen feet thick. With
regard to iron, it is not necessarv to penetrate the surface for that. They
have iron in Missouri by the mountain. Pilot Knob, 581 feet high, and
containing 360 acres, is a mass of iron; and Iron Mountain, about six
miles distant from it, is 228 feet high, covers 500 acres, and is estimated
in the last surveys, to contain 230,000,000 tons of ore, without counting
the inexhaustible supply that may reasonably be supposed to exist below
the level. There is enough iron lying about loose in Missouri for a
double track of railroad across the continent.

" The lead districts of Missouri include more than 6,000 square miles,
and at least five hundred points where it can be profitably worked. In
fifteen counties there is copper in rich abundance. There are large depos-
its of zinc in the state. There is gold, also, which does not yet attract
much attention, because of the dazzling stores of this precious metal farther
west. In short, within one hundred miles of St. Louis the following met-
als and minerals are found in quantities that will repay working: gold,
iron, lead, zinc, copper, tin, silver, platina, nickel, emery, coal, limestone,
granite, marble, pipe-clay, fire-clay, metallic paints, and salt."

It can hardly be said that gold, silver, tin, platina or emery have been

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 73

found in faying quantity as yet, although they are known to exist in some
of our mining districts, in combinations with other minerals. Our state
board of immigration has published many well prepared and judicious
papers on the various advantages and resources of our state, which care-
fully avoid making any extravagant or overdrawn statements. They
give the real facts as accurately as they could be ascertained up to 1879-
80, and form the most reliable body of knowledge on many matters of
state interest, that is now accessible; and from this source we gather the
more essential points.

Coal. — The Missouri coal fields underlie an area of about 26,000
square miles. The southern outcrop of the coal measures has been traced
from the mouth of the Des Moines through the counties of Clark, Lewis,
Shelby, Monroe, Audrain, Boone, Cooper, Pettis, Henry, St. Clair, P3ates,
Vernon and Barton, into the Indian Territory, and every county north-
west of this line is known to contain more or less coal. Outside of the
coal fields given above, coal rocks also exist in Ralls, Montgomery, War-
ren, St. Charles, Callaway and St. Louis counties, and local or outlying
deposits of bituminous and cannel coal are found in Moniteau, Cole, Mor-
gan, Crawford, Lincoln and Callaway counties.

The exposed coal in Missouri includes upper, middle and lower coal
measures. The upper coal measures contain about four feet of coal, in
two seams of about one foot each and other thin seams and streaks. The
area of their exposure is about 8,400 square miles.

The middle coal measures contain about seven feet of coal, including
two workable seams, twenty-one and twenty-four inches thick, respect-
ively, and one of one foot, which is worked under favorable circumstan-
ces, and six thin seams. The exposure of the middle measures covers an
area of over 2,000 square miles.

The lower measures cover an area of about 15,000 square miles, and
have five workable seams, varying in thickness from eighteen inches to
four and a half feet, and thin seams of -six to eleven inches.

Iron. — It has been said by experts that Missouri has iron enough "to
run a hundred furnaces for a thousand years;" and the ores are of every
variety known to metallurgical science. Iron Mountain is the largest
body of specular iron and the purest mass of ore in the world. It was
forced up through the crust of the earth in a molten state during the
Azoic Age of geology. The different ores of the state are classed as red
hematite, red oxide, specular or glittering ore, brown hematite or limo-
nite, hydrous oxide, magnetic ore, and spathic or spar-like ore (carbonate
of iron). Many other names are ustjd to indicate different combinations
of iron with other minerals. Some of the iron deposits, instead of coming
up in a fused mass from the bowels of the earth, as Pilot Knob, Shep-
5

f4 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.

herd Mountain and Iron Mountain evidently did, were formed by the
steam that attended those fiery upheavals, carrying its load of gaseous
matter until it condensed and settled down at different points, and gradu-
ally cooled or crystalized. This would occur sometimes in water and
sometimes in the air, thus producing the great variety of ferruginous or
irony compositions which we now find and utilize. And this mineral
steam method of depositing iron and other products from subterranean
gases must have occurred in Missouri at different periods of geologic
time, and not all during the Azoic. The red ores are found in 21 coun-
ties ; the brown hematite or limonite iron ores extend over 94 counties,
and in 31 of them it occurs in vast quantity.

Shepherd Mountain is 660 feet high. The ore, which is magnetic and
specular, contains a large percentage of pure iron. The hight of Pilot
Knob above the Mississippi river is 1,118 feet. Its base, 581 feet from the
summit, is 360 acres. The iron is known to extend 440 feet below the
surface. The upper section of 141 feet is judged to contain 14,000,000
tons of ore. The elevation of Iron Mountain is 228 feet, and the area of
its base 500 acres. The solid contents of the cone are 230,000,000 tons.
It is thought that every foot beneath the surface will yield 3,000,000 tons
of ore. At the depth of 180 feet, an artesian auger is still penetrating
solid ore. Dr. Litton thinks that these mountains contain enough iron
above the surface to afford for two hundred years an annual supply of
1,000,000 tons. The ore is almost exclusively specular. It yields 56 per
cent*, of pure iron. The iron is strong, tough and fibrous.

Profs. Schmidt and Pumpelly, in their very learned work on the iron
ores of Michigan and Missouri, have classified the iron-bearing region of
our state as follows:

Eastern Ore-Region. — 1. Ore-district along the Mississippi river. 2..
Iron Mountain district. 3. Southeastern limonite district. 4. Franklin
county district. 5. Scotia district.

Central Ore-Region. — 1. Steel ville district. 2. Ore-district on the up-
per Meramec and its tributaries. 3. Salem district. 4. Iron Ridge
district. 5. St. James district. 6. Rolla district. 7. Middle Gasconade
district. 8. Lower Gasconade district. 9. Callaway county district.

Western Ore-Region. — 1. Lower Osage district. 2. Middle Osage
district. 3. Upper Osage district.

Southwestern Ore-Region. — 1. White River district. 2. Ozark county
district.

The same authorities have classified the various kinds of iron ores
found in Missouri, thus:

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 75

Strata of red hematite.

Disturbed or drifted deposits of red

hematite.
Deposits of limonite on limestone.
Disturbed or drifted deposits o£

limonite.

Deposits of specular ore in por-
phyry.

Deposits of specular ore in sand-
stone.

Disturbed deposits of specular ore.

Drifted deposits of specular ore.

Lead. — The annual lead product of Missouri is said now to exceed
that of any other state or country; and it is conceded that its lead deposits
are the richest in the world. The lead region all lies south of the Mis-
souri river; the mineral is found chiefly in the magnesian limestone rocks,
which are the great lead-bearing rocks of the world; but it is also found
in ferruginous clays, in slates, in gravel beds, and in cherty masses in
the clays.

Mr. R. O. Thompson, mining engineer, of St. Louis, has written a
sketch of the mode of origin of our lead and some other mineral deposits,
which is plain, concise, and a clear statement of the teachings of science
on this very interesting portion of Missouri's geological and mineralogical
history. We quote:

"The Azoic rocks in this region, when the great Silurian system began
to be formed, were so many islands, their heads only elevated above the
vast sedimentary sea. The beds upon which the limestones and sand-
stones were deposited consisted of the weatherings of the Azoic rocks,
which naturally sought the valleys and became a base for the sedimentary
rock. This boundless sea held in solution lime, magnesia, alumina, man-
ganese, lead, copper, cobalt, nickel, iron, and other mineral substances.
In this chemical condition gases were evolved and the work of formation
commenced. The two gases forming the great creative power, and aiding
solidification, were carbonic acid and sulphuretted hydrogen; the former
seeking its affinity in lime and forming limestone; the sulphur in the latter
naturally combining with the other metals, forming sulphates, or sulphur-
ets. The work of deposition and solidification being in harmony, it is
eas)' to understand how those minerals exist in a disseminated condition
in these rocks. The slates that we find so rich in galena, presenting the
myriad forms of lingula, must also have been formed in the Silurian Age.
The distribution among the magnesian limestones of these decomposing
slates can be most easily accounted for. The decomposed feldspar pro-
duced by the weathering of the porphyry became in its change a silicate
of alumina, and the sulphur, combining with the lead, disseminated the
same in the slate as readily as in the limestone."

The Missouri lead region has been divided or classified into five sub-
districts, as follows:

I. The Southeastern Lead District, embraces all or parts of Jefferson,
Washington, Franklin, Crawford, Iron, St. Francois, St. Genevieve,
Madison, Wayne, Reynolds, and Carter counties, with some mines in the
western portion of Cape Girardeau county. Mining has been longest
carried on in this district, and the aggregate of the production has been
very great, although the work has been chiefly surface mining. Mine-

76 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.

La-Motte, in this district, was discovered in 1720, by Francis Renault and
M. LaMotte, and has been worked more or less ever since.

II. The Central Lead District, comprises, as far as known, the coun-
ties of Cole, Cooper, Moniteau, Morgan, Miller, Benton, Maries, Camden*
and Osage. Much of the mining done here, again, has been near the
surface, the lead first being found in clays, in caves, and in masses in clay
but a few inches below the surface. Shafts, however, sunk in the mag-
nesian limestone, find rich deposits in lodes and pockets.

III. The Southern Lead District, comprises the counties of Pulaski,
La Clede, Texas, Wright, Webster, Douglas, Ozark, and Christian.

IV. The Western Lead District embraces Hickory, Dallas, Polk, St.
Clair, Cedar, and Dade counties. Some rich deposits have been found
in this district, especially in Hickory county.

V. The Southwestern Lead District comprises Jasper, Newton, Law-
rence, Stone, Barry, and McDonald. Here very extensive mining has
been done, more especially in the two counties first named, which have,
for the last few years, produced more than one-half of the pig-lead mined
in the state.

For several years past more than one-half the lead production of the
United States has been from Missouri mines. Besides the numerous
smelting works supported by them, the manufacture of white lead, lead
pipe, sheet lead, etc., contributes materially to the industries and com-
merce of the state.

Copper. — Several varieties of copper ore exist in Missouri mines.
Deposits of copper have been discovered in Dent, Crawford, Benton,
Maries, Greene, Lawrence, Dade, Taney, Dallas, Phelps, Reynolds and
Wright counties. Some of the mines in Shannon county are now profit-
ably worked, and mines in Franklin county have yielded good results.

Zinc. — Sulphuret, carbonate and silicate of zinc are found in nearly all
the lead mines of southwestern Missouri; and zinc ores are also found in
most of the counties along the Ozark range. What the lead miners call
" black-jack," and throw away, is sulphuret of zinc. Newton and Jasper
counties are rich in zinc ores; and Taney county has an extensive vein of
calamine, or carbonate of zinc.

Cobalt.- — Valuable to produce the rich blue colors in glass and porce-
lain, and for other purposes in the arts, is found in considerable quantities
at Mine-La-Motte.

Manganese. — Used in glass manufacture and the arts; it is found in
St. Genevieve and other counties.

Nickel. — Found in workable quantities at Mine-La-Motte.

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 77

BUILDING STONE.

Missouri abounds in solid, durable materials for buildings; she has
quarries of red and gray granites, and very fine limestones, sandstones
and marbles. In Crawford, Washington and Franklin counties there are
workable beds of " onyx marble," a stalagmite formation found in caves,
and very rich and valuable for mantles, table-tops, vases, ornaments, etc.
This marble is not found anywhere else in the United States, and has
been imported from Algiers and Mexico, at great cost. As an illustration
of the high repute abroad, and substantial home value ot Missouri
products in the stone line, we give a case in point.

The new state capitol at Des Moines, Iowa, which will cost $3,000,000,
and is said to be the largest and finest public edifice in the United States
outside of Washington city, is built mostly of materials from Missouri,
except the rough masonry and brickwork. The Missouri stones and
their cost is as follows:

St. Genevieve buff sandstone $ 147,289.83

Carroll county blue limestone 189,238.54

Fourteen red granite columns, 18 feet, 4^ inches long, 2

ft. 3 in. diameter, turned and polished at St. Louis.. . . 8,144.50

Total paid by Iowa to Missouri on this one building . . $ 294,672.87

Other examples of Missouri building stone will be of interest. The
Archimedes limestone is used for the U. S. custom house in St. Louis.
The encrinital limestone is used for the State University building, and
court house at Columbia. The Trenton limestone is used in the court
house at St. Louis. A stratum called " cotton rock " in the magnesian
limestone formation, is used for the state house and court house at Jeffer-
son City. Encrinital marble is found in Marion county, and other varie-
ties occur in Cooper, Cape Girardeau, St. Louis, Iron and Ozark coun-
ties. In the bluffs on the Niangua, a marble crops out twenty feet thick,
which is a fine-grained, crystaline, silico-magnesian limestone, of a light
drab color, slightly tinged or clouded with peach blossom. Some of the
beautiful Ozark marbles have been used in ornamenting the national
capitol at Washington.

Lithographic limestone is found in Macon county.

EARTHS, CLAYS, OCHRES, ETC.

Kaolin, or decomposed feldspar, is a clay for making porcelain ware,
and is found in and shipped from southeastern Missouri. Fine pottery
clays are found in all the coal bearing region. North of the Missouri
river many beds of best fire-clay are found, which is extensively manufac-
tured at St. Louis into fire brick, gas retorts, metallurgists' crucibles, etc.

78 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.

Yellow and red ochres, ferruginous clays, and sulphate of baryta, all val-
uable in the mannfacture of mineral and fire-proof paints, are found in
great abundance all through the iron districts. Near St. Genevieve there
is a bank of saccharoidal sand which is twenty feet in height, and miles
in extent. The mass is inexhaustible. Two analyses give the following
results :

Silica 98.81 99.02

Lime 0.92 0.98

The sand is very friable, and nearly as white as snow. It is not oxy-
dized or discolored by heat, and the glass made from it is clear and
unstained. One firm in St. Louis has annually exported more than 3,500
tons of this sand to the glass manufactories of Wheeling, Steubenville
and Pittsburg.

GEOGRAPHY OF MISSOURI.

LOCATION AND AREA.

The state of Missouri (with the exception of the Pan-Handle, in the
southeast corner, which extends 34 miles further south), lies between the
parallels 36 degrees 30 minutes and 40 degrees 30- minutes north latitude,
and between longitudes 12 degrees 2 minutes, and 18 degrees and 51 min-
utes west from Washington. Its southern boundaiy line, extended east-
ward, would pass along the southern boundaries of Tennessee and Vir-
ginia. The line of the northern boundary, extended in the same direction,
would pass north of the centers of Illinois, Indiana and Ohio, and near the
centers of Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Extending these lines west-
ward, they would embrace the entire state of Kansas, and a considerable
portion of Nebraska on the north and of the Indian Territory south.

The length of the state north and south is 282 miles; its extreme width
east and west, is 348 miles, and the average width, which is represented
by a line drawn due west from St. Louis, is 235 miles.

The area of the state is 65,350 square miles, or 41,824,000 acres. In
size it is the eighth state in the Union, and is larger than any state east
of or bordering upon the Mississippi, except Minnesota. It occupies
almost the exact center of that portion of the United States lying between
the Rocky Mountains and the Atlantic, and is midway between the
British possessions on the north and the Gulf of Mexico south.

The following list shows what other large cities of our own and
foreign countries lie on the same latitude with the largest cities in our

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 79

state: The latitude of 38 to 39 degrees north, embraces Annapolis,
Maryland; Washington and Georgetown, D. C; Alexandria, Va.; Ports-
mouth, Ohio; Lexington, Frankfort and Louisville, Ky.; Madison, New
Albany and Evansville, Ind.; St. Louis and Jefferson City, Missouri;
Sacramento and Vallejo, California; Yarkand, China; Tabreez, Persia;
Smyrna, Turkey; Messina and Palermo, Sicily; Lisbon, Portugal.

The latitude of 39 to 40 embraces the cities of Philadelphia, Dover, Wil-
mington, Baltimore, York, Gettysburg, Columbus, Cincinnati, Indiana-
polis, Terre Haute, Springfield, Quincy, Hannibal, Kansas City, St.
Joseph, Leavenworth, Denver; Virginia City, Nevada; Marysville, Cali-
fornia; Tientsin, Pekin and Kashgar, in China; Bokhara in Turkestan;
Erzroom in Turkey; Valencia in Spain.

The meridian of 90 to 91 degrees west longitude, takes in Grand
Portage, Minnesota; Mineral Point, Wisconsin ; also Dubuque, Davenport,
Rock Island, Galesburg, St. Louis, Memphis, Vicksburg and New
Orleans.

Missouri is half as large again a» New York, and more than eight
times the size of Massachusetts. It would make a score of German prin-
cipalities. Larger than England and Wales, or Scotland and Ireland, it
is equal to one-third of the area of France.

SURFACE FEATURES.

As explained in the chapter on geology, there occurred away back
in the earliest geological ages, some subterranean force which pushed up
through the crust of the earth, a series of knobs and irregular ridges and
hills in a region extending from St. Genevieve, in a southwest direction,
to Shannon and Texas counties, taking in some portions of Madison, St.
Francois, Washington, Iron and Reynolds counties. After this, these
knobs and ridges were islands in the ocean, which covered the rest of
Missouri and adjoining states. On the bottom of this ocean the solid
strata of limestone, sandstone, and other rocks, were formed. In course
of time the rest of the country was raised above' the ocean, and the sur-
face presented a broad, undulating plateau, from which projected the hills
and ridges above named. The rains descended upon this plateau, and the
waters collected into branches, creeks and rivers, and flowed away to the
ocean, as now; and during the succeeding cycles, the channels and valleys
of the streams were worn into the rocks as they now appear. These
facts respecting the formation of our state, give some idea of its surface
features. It may be described as a broad, undulating table-land or
plateau, from which projects a series of hills and ridges extending from St.
Genevieve to the southwest, and into which the branches, creeks and
rivers have worn their deep broad channels and valleys. In that portion
of the state north of the Missouri river, the northwest part is the highest,

SO HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.

and there is a general descent to the south and east, as shown by the
course of the Missouri river and its north side tributaries. In the eastern
part of this region there is a high dividing ridge which separates the
small east-flowing tributaries of the Mississippi from those flowing south-
ward into the Missouri; the St. Louis, Kansas City and Northern railroad
follows this highland from Warren and Montgomery counties to Coats-
ville on the north line of the state, in Schuyler county; and railroad sur-
veys show that in a straight line across the state, the Missouri river at the
city of Weston, in Platte county, is 320 feet higher than the Mississippi at
Hannibal.

South of the Missouri the highest part is a main ridge extending from
Jasper county through Lawrrence, Webster, Wright, Texas, Dent, Iron,
St. Francois and Perry counties, striking the Mississippi river at Grand
Tower. This ridge constitutes what is called the Ozark range, which
for three-fourths of its course across Missouri is not mountainous, or com-
posed of peaks, but is an elevated plateau of broad, level, arable land, and
divides the northward flowing tributaries of the Missouri from the waters
which flow southward into the lower Mississippi. It is a part of that
great chain of ridge elevations which begins with Long's Peak, about fifty
miles northwrest of Denver, in Colorado; crosses the state of Kansas
between the Kansas and Arkansas rivers ; crosses Missouri through the
counties above mentioned; passes into Illinois at Grand Tower and thence
into Kentucky opposite Golconda; and is Anally merged into the Cumber-
land Mountains. This ridge probably formed the southern shore of that
vast inland sea into which the upper Missouri and Platte rivers emptied
their muddy waters for a whole geological age, and deposited over the
states of Iowa, Missouri, Kansas and Nebraska, their sediment from the
Cretaceous and Tertiary beds of the mountain regions in Dakota, Montana,
Wyoming, etc., and the "Bad Lands" of northwestern Nebraska. This
great sea or lake had its chiefs outlet at Grand Tower,-' where for
thousands of years its waters plunged over the rocky limestone ledges
and flowed off to the Gulf of Mexico, which then extended nearly or quite
up to the mouth of the Ohio river at Cairo. But as it gradually wore
down the rocks of this southern high ridge barrier, of course the channel
through this narrow pass became gradually deeper and deeper, and as
gradually drained off the mighty lake, leaving four great states covered
chiefly with a kind of sediment which Prof. Swallow has termed " bluff

* Dr. Shumard in his report on a geological section from St. Louis to Commerce, — p. 151,
says: "The Grand Tower rises from the bed of the Mississippi, an isolated mass of rock,
of a truncated-conical shape, crowned at trie top with stunted cedars, and situated about
rifty yards from the Missouri shore. It is eighty-five feet high, and four hundred yards
in circumference at the base. During high water, the current rushes around its base with
great velocity. * * About half a mile below the Tower, near the middle of the river, is
a huge mass of chert. * In the next two miles the Missouri shore is bounded by hills
from 75 to 200 feet in altitude." It is rocky and bluffy for six miles or more along here,
some of the elevations reaching 330 feet.

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 81

deposit," though called by other writers loess. At Grand Tower, where
the Mississippi has worn for itself this narrow gorge or pass through the
rocks, the current rushes and roars and tumbles along at such a mill- flume
rate, that the passage by boats either up or down stream, is difficult and
dangerous.* And it was here that the river pirates had their stronghold
in the early days of keel-boat traffic between St. Louis and New Orleans.
They permitted no traders to pass this point without paying such tribute
as they chose to levy; and upon the least show of resistance, they would
rob, murder and plunder without remedy. If the human history of this
place could be written, it would be full of blood-curdling incidents, and
deeds of violence by rude and murderous men.

The following table of elevations above tide water in the Gulf of Mex-
ico will give a general idea of the heights reached by this southern
upland region:

Granby, Newton county, (farthest southwest) 1,030 feet.

Marshfield, in Webster county, 96 miles from the west line

of the state 1,462

Ohio City, opposite mouth of the Ohio river 272

New Madrid, 30 miles farther south 247 "

St. Louis directrix, (or register) 372 "

Base of Pilot Knob 909 "

Top of Pilot Knob 1,490 "

It will thus be seen that the top of Pilot Knob, at the eastern end of
our south border highlands, is only twenty-eight feet higher than Marsh-
field, near the western end.

RIVERS AND WATER COURSES.

The Mississippi river bounds the state on the east for a distance of more
than 500 miles. The Missouri washes the western boundary of the state
from the northwest corner southwardly, some 250 miles, to the mouth of
the Kansas, whence it takes a course south of east, through the heart of
the state to its junction with the Mississippi, a distance of nearly 400
miles, presenting a river front from these two majestic streams of 1,550
miles. Besides these mighty streams, are many smaller rivers, more or
less navigable for steamboats and barges. On the south, or the right

*A small work published at Davenport, Iowa, in 1856, describes this place as "a gorge
where the river has in some remote geological age burst through a limestone mountain
ridge, making a dangerous rocky pass, and washing the cliff into strange, fantastic forms."
And a western poet nearly 30 years ago, thus described the spot:

" Here Nature sports with Art in rocky towers,
Quarried by the wave, or lilts in Doric state
Abraded pillars to the corniced cliff;
And through sharp angles, narrows, flume and gorge,
The wildered waters, plunging, roar and foam —
c. Scylla and Charybdis of no mythic tale."

82 [STORY OF THE STATE OK MISSOURI.

bank of the Missouri, the Gasconade, Osage and La Mine are navigable;
on the Osage, steamboats make regular trips as high as Warsaw, and
barges and keel-boats may pass as high as the state line. On the left
bank of the Missouri, the Platte, Chariton and Grand rivers are naviga-
ble for keel-boats and barges; and small steamers have made a few trips
on their waters. The other important streams of the state are the Des
Moines, Salt, Meramec, St. Francis and White rivers, all of which on
rare occasions have been navigated by steamers. There are large num-
bers of smaller streams called rivers and creeks.

There are places in all our streams, except the Mississippi and Missouri,
where they might be dammed and made to drive the machinery of mills
and factories. Rock beds to support dams and make them permanent
are to be found in many localities on the Osage, Niangua, Pomme du
Terre, Sac, Spring river, Big river, Castor, Bourbeuse, Gasconade, St.
Francis, Current, White, Grand, La Mine, Meramec, etc. No country is
better supplied with bold springs of pure water. Many of them are
remarkable for their size and volume.

There is, on the whole, no state in the Union better supplied with an
abundance of wholesome, living water for stock and domestic uses; and
it abounds in springs, splendidly situated for dairy business, with water at
a uniform temperature below 60 degrees Fahrenheit. There are no
lakes in the state except a few small ones in the extreme southeastern
counties.

NOTABLE SPRINGS.

Mineral Springs occur in every part of the state. There are excellent
salt springs in Cooper, Saline, Howard and adjoining counties. Sulphur
springs that have become known as places of summer resort, are: The
Chouteau springs in Cooper county; Monagan springs in St. Clair county;
Elk springs in Pike county : Cheltenham springs in St. Louis county.
And Prof. Swallow says there are sulphur springs in half the counties of
the state. Sweet springs, on Black water creek, are what are called chaly-
beate waters, containing some of the salts of iron ; and there are a few
others of this class. Petroleum or tar springs occur in Carroll, Ray,
Randolph, Cass, Lafayette, Bates, Vernon, and other counties, and fur-
nish a good lubricating oil in large quantities. In the south part of the
State there are numerous fresh water springs of such great flowage as to
be utilized for water power. One called Bryce's spring, on the Niangua
river, which runs through Dallas, Hickory and Camden counties, dischar-
ges 10,927,872 cubic feet of water per day, drives a large flouring mill,
and flows away a river 42 yards wide. This is the largest one, of these
big springs. The temperature of its water is steadily at 60 degrees Fahr-
enheit, and the flowage uniform throughout the year.

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 83

SOILS AND THEIR PRODUCTS.

As late as 1830 the greater part of Missouri was still marked on com-
mon school geography maps as part of the great American desert; and in
1820, even our own great statesman, Thomas H. Benton, had written:
"After you get 40 or 50 miles from the Mississippi, arid plains set in and
the country is uninhabitable except upon the borders of the rivers and
creeks." But our present knowledge of Missouri's climate, soils and prod-
ucts show how widely mistaken our wisest people were on this subject
in those early days.

Prof. Swallow, Dean of the State Agricultural College at Columbia
(State University), has given the soils of the state a classification adapted
to the popular understanding, by using names that everybody can read
and know what they mean, instead of technical scientific terms known
only to a few who have had a college education. And as this history is
designed for the masses of the people, and to a large extent for the farm-
ers, we give a condensed statement of Prof. Swallow's classification.

Those known as hackberry lands are first in fertility and productiveness.
Upon these lands also grow elm, wild cherry, honey locust, hickory, white,
black, burr and chestnut oaks, black and white walnut, mulberry, linden,
ash, poplar, catalpa, sassafras and maple. The prairie soils of about the
same quality, if not identical, are known as crow foot lands, so called from
a species of weed found upon them, and these two soils generally join each
other where the timber and prairie lands meet. Both rest upon a bed of
fine silicious marls. They cover more than seven million acres of land.
On this soil white oaks have been found twenty-nine feet in circumference
and one hundred feet high ; linden twenty-three feet in circumference and
quite as lofty; the burr oak and sycamore grow still larger. Prairie
grasses, on the crowfoot lands, grow very rank and tall, and by the old
settlers were said to entirely conceal herds of cattle from the view.

The elm lands, are scarcely inferior to the hackberry lands, and pos-
sess very nearly the same growth of other timber. The soil has about the
same properties, except that the sand is finer and the Clay more abundant
The same quality of soil appears in the prairie known as the resin-weed
lands.

Next in order are hickory lands, with a growth of white and shellbark
hickory, black, scarlet and laurel oaks, sugar maple, persimmon and the
haw, red-bud and crab-apple trees of smaller growth. In some portions
of the state the tulip tree, beech and black gum grow on lands of the same
quality. Large areas of prairie in the northeast and the southwest have
soils of nearly the same quality, called mulatto soils. There is also a soil
lying upon the red clays of southern Missouri similar to the above. These
hickory lands and those described as assimilating to them, are highly

84 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.

esteemed by the farmers for the culture of corn, wheat and other cereals.
They are admirably adapted to the cultivation of fruits, and their blue
grass pastures are equal to any in the state. Their area may be fairly
estimated at six millions of acres.

The magnesian limestone soils extend from Callaway county south to
the Arkansas line, and from Jefferson west to Polk county, an area of
about ten millions of acres. These soils are dark, warna, light and very-
productive. They produce black and white walnut, black gum, white
and wahoo elms, sugar maple, honey locust, mulberry, chestnut, post, lau-
rel, black, scarlet and Spanish oaks, persimmon, blue ash, and many trees
of smaller growth. They cover all the country underlaid by the magne-
sian limestone series, but are inconvenient for ordinary tillage when they
occupy the hillsides or narrow valleys. Among the most fertile soils in
the state, they produce fine crops of almost all the staples ; and thrifty and
productive fruit trees and grape vines evince their extraordinary adapta-
tion and fitness to the culture of the grape and other fruits.

On the ridges, where the lighter materials of the soil have been washed
away, or were originally wanting, white oak lands are to be found, the
oaks accompanied by shellbark and black hickory, and trees and shrubs
of smaller growth. While the surface soil is not so rich as the hickory
lands, the sub-soil is quite as good, and the land may be greatly improved
by turning the sub-soil to the surface. These produce superior wheat,
good corn, and a very fine quality of tobacco. On these lands fruits are
abundant and a sure crop. They embrace about ©ne and a half million
of acres.

Post oak lands have about the same growth as the white oak lands,
and produce good crops of the staples of the country, and yield the best
tobacco in the "West. Fruits of all kinds excel on this soil. These lands
require deep culture.

The blackjack lands occupy the high flint ridges underlaid with horn-
stone and sandstone, and under these conditions are considered the poor-
est in the state, except for pastures and vineyards. The presence, how-
ever, of black jack on other lands does not indicate thin or poor lands.

Pine lands are extensive, embracing about two millions of acres. The
pines {finis mitis, yellow pine), grow to great size, and furnish immense
supplies of marketable lumber. They are accompanied by heavy growths
of oak, which takes the country as successor to the pine. The soil is
sandy and is adapted to small grains and grasses.

Bisecting the state by a line drawn from the city of Hannibal, on the
Mississippi river, to its southwest corner, the half lying to the north and
west of this line may be described as the prairie region of the state, with
the rare advantage that every county is bountifully supplied with timber
and with rivers and smaller streams of water. That which lies east and

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 85

south of the bisecting line is the timbered or forest section, in which are
found numerous prairies of greater or less extent.

The prairie lands are again divided into bottom and upland prairies.
The bottom prairies closely resemble in soil the river bottoms. In a cer-
tain sense, the formation is identical; each came from accretions, one from
the rivers and the other from the higher or upland prairies. The marl
formation is the foundation of both and in both it is deeplv buried under
the modern alluvium.

The celebrated and eloquent orator, Henry Ward Beecher, paid the fol-
lowing brilliant tribute to our grand state:

"The breadth of land from the Red River country of the far North,
stretching to the Gulf of Mexico, including Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois,
Iowa, Missouri, Kansas and Texas is one of the most wonderful agricultural
spectacles of the globe! It is one of the few facts that are unthinkable!
In this ocean of land, and at nearly its centre, stands the imperial state
of Missouri. Even a Kansas man admits that in natural qualifications it
leads all the rest, and is the crown and glory of the Union! It has bound-
less treasures of coal, iron, lead and other minerals; lands richer there
cannot be, nor finer streams; its forests are more equally distributed all
over the state than in any other; its climate, wholesome and delightful,
blends the temperature of the northern lakes and the great southern gulf."

Horace Greely said: "Missouri possesses the resources and capacities
of a nation within the boundaries of a State."

WILD GAME.

Animals. — Missouri has been the feeding ground for vast herds of the
choicest of the large game animals up to the present generation. Old
hunters and trappers, still living, tell marvelous stories of their exploits
with the gun. As civilization and population advanced westward their
numbers decreased, yet Missouri is still furnishing a very large proportion
of the game for the markets of all the large cities of the United States.
Even London receives large shipments, every winter, from St. Louis.
From October 1st to February 1st, of every year, there is not an express
car arriving in St. Louis which does not bring large consignments of
game. The quantity is enormous, and far beyond the knowledge of
every one except those engaged in the trade, or whose duties bring them
in contact with the facts.

Elk, buffalo, antelope and bear formerly abounded in this state, but
are now nearly or quite driven entirely beyond our borders. Red deer
are still plentiful in some parts of the state. In fact, the Ozark Moun-
tains and the swamp lands of southeast Missouri constitute a great deer
park and game preserve, and will continue to do so until immigration
crowds out the game. It is a notorious fact, that venison sells as cheaply
as good beef in St. Louis markets, during the winter season.

86 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.

The rabbit, as it is popularly called here, is a species of hare, and is
about the average size of the domestic cat. The}r are so numerous in
Missouri as to be considered a pest; are found in every field and forest
in the state. Squirrels are very numerous, especially in the swampy and
hilly regions. The two principal varieties are the grey squirrel and the
red fox-squirrel. One of these varieties is to be found in every clump of
timbered land in the state.

Birds. — Wild turkeys, the finest game birds in the world, abound in the
same region. Prairie chickens, or pinnated grouse, are abundant in all
the prairie regions ot" the state, and are shipped from St. Louis to eastern
markets by hundreds of barrels during the fall months; but the game
laws of the state strictly prohibit their being killed or trapped during the
breeding season. Quails, or Virginia partridge, or "Bob- Whites," are
found everywhere, so common that partridge pie, or " quail on toast," is
no great rarity in thrifty farm houses.

Wild ducks, wild geese, snipe, plover and several species of the rail
frequent Missouri during their annual migrations north and south. Dur-
ing March, April and May the migratory birds pass through Missouri,
going north to their nesting and brooding places, probably near the
Arctic circle. In October, November and December they return, on
their journey southward to spend the winter. There is no state in the
great Mississippi basin more frequented by these migratory game birds
than Missouri.

Fishes. — The earl}' settlers found the rivers and lakes teeming with
many fine varieties of game and food fishes, and there is still a bountiful
supply. Black bass, perch, catfish, buffalo fish, suckers and pike consti-
tute the leading varieties of native fishes. Black bass of several varieties
inhabit every stream of considerable size in the state, and every lake con-
tains them. It is the best game fish in the state. The perch family is
represented by several dozen species; and perch of several kinds are
found in every body of water in the state, which does not actually dry up
in the summer time. The catfish of Missouri are not only numerous, but
famous the world over. There are at least a dozen species in the waters
of this state. The yellow catfish grows to great size, often reaching a
weight of 175 pounds; the black catfish, maximum weight about 45
pounds; blue or forked-tail catfish, reaching- 150 pounds and upwards in
weight; the channel catfish, weighing from one to fifteen pounds, and the
yellow mud catfish, often weighing as high as 100 pounds. The sucker
family includes the buffalo fish, chub, sucker and red horse. The first of
these is highly prized, abundant, and grows to a maximum weight of 40
pounds. The last named is very abundant during certain seasons of the
year, and valuable; they weigh from 6 ounces to 8 pounds. Pike of sev-

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 87

eral species are found throughout Missouri, and rank with black bass as
game fish ; they are found in the clearer and rapid streams.

The above lists constitute the leading fishes of the state, but by no means
all, as there are many minor species.

The state board of fish commissioners receives $3,000 annually from
the state, to defray expenses of propagating desirable kinds of food fishes,
that are not found native in the state. In 1878 Mr. Reid distributed 100,-
000 fry of the California salmon, in the state. In May and June, 1879,
the commission distributed 250,000 shad fry in the rivers of southeast,
south and southwest Missouri, and planted 5,000 young trout in the
springs and sources of the same rivers. Later they have planted 100,-
000 fry of the California salmon in the same sections of the state. In 1880
two or three hundred thousand fry of German carp were planted. All
the waters of Missouri are adapted to this fish, more especially the lakes
and sluggish streams. The carp can be as easily cultivated as pigs or
turkeys, and it is hoped that in a few years all the streams of the state
will be stocked with them.

THE CLIMATE.

For nearly forty years Dr. George Engelmann, of St. Louis, kept sys-
tematic records of the meteorology of St. Louis and vicinity; and by
compiling similar records kept during long or short periods, by other per-
sons in different parts of the state, he has been able to report pretty cor-
rectly the dates and weather-facts which go to furnish a comprehensive
estimate of the general nature of the climate, at each season of the year,
in different parts of the state. The following facts of great practical
interest and value are gathered from the doctor's work :

Our winters, taken in the usual sense, from the first of December to
the last of February, have in the city an average temperature of 33.3
degrees, and may be estimated for the surrounding country at 32 degrees;
but they vary in different seasons between 25 degrees (winter of 1855-6
and 1872-3) and 40 degrees (winter 1844-5). Our summers (from June
1st to August 31st) have in the city a mean temperature of 76.8 degrees,
and are calculated to reach in the country 75 degrees, ranging between
the coolest summer, 71.5 degrees mean temperature (1835, 1839 and
1848), and the warmest of 80 degrees mean temperature, (1838, 1850 and
especially 1854).

The last frosts in spring occur between March 13th and May 2d, on
an average about April 5th, and the earliest autumnal frosts between
October 4th and November 26th, on an average about October 27th; the

88 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.

period between these two terms extends in different years from 184 to
252 days, on an average 205 days. In the southeast part of the state
these limits^ of the freezing point will, of course, be much wider apart,
and in the northwest they are narrowed down considerably. Our spring
opens in March, though in some favored seasons vegetation breaks
through its wintry bounds already in the latter part of February, while
in a few very late springs it cannot be said to have fairly commenced
before the middle of April. * * We find the first in bloom is the

alder and the hazel; next — not rarely retarded by intervening cold spells —
the soft or silver leaf maple; our common white elm blooms a few days
after this, between February 24th and April 15th, on an average, March
19th. During the next following days, roses, syringas, gooseberries and
many other bushes, and the weeping willows, show their young leaves.
About two weeks after, the elm — between March 18th and April 25th,
on an average about April 3d — the peach trees open their first blossoms,
and are, one week later, in full bloom. Plum and pear trees and sweet
cherries blossom about the same time, or a few days later, and then sour
cherries and the glory of our rich woods, the red buds, get in bloom.
Between March 21st and May 1st, (mean, April 14th) the early apple
trees begin to bloom, and between March 28th and May 10th, (mean,
April 20th) they may be said to be in full bloom.

The maturity and harvest of winter wheat immediately succeeds the
catalpa bloom, between June 10th and July 1st, usually about June 20th.
The mean summer temperature varies but little throughout the state. In
the summer of 1873 the mean temperature in the southeast was found
only one-half degree higher than that of the northeast, and the difference
between St. Louis and the west was even less. "Winter temperatures,
however, show a wide range. The mean temperature of the southeast-
ern part of the state is 2^ to 3 degrees higher than at St. Louis, and
5£ degrees higher than in the northeastern angle, and the mean tem-
perature of Leavenworth, and the adjacent parts of Missouri, is fully 2
degrees less than that of the region about St. Louis.

In connection with our winter temperature it must be mentioned that
the Mississippi at St. Louis freezes over about once in four or five
years, partly, no doubt, in consequence of the heavy ice floating down
from the north; and it then remains closed for one or two, or even four
or six weeks, sometimes passable for the heaviest teams. Our river has
been known to close as early as the first week in December, and in
other years, to be open as late as the last week in February, while the run-
ning ice may impede or interrupt navigation between the end of Novem-
ber and the end of February, sometimes as low down as the southeast
corner of the state ; the river is said, however, never to freeze over below
Cape Girardeau. The Missouri river is sometimes closed in the latter

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.

part of November, and has been known to remain firmly bridged over
into the first week of March.

The climate of Missouri is, on the whole, a dry one, with strong evap-
oration, and an atmosphere but rarely overloaded with moisture.

Clear or nearly clear days

Partially clear and variable days

Days when the sun remains obscured.

Winter Spring

30
39

33
47
12

Summer Autumn

48
4

40
39
12

Whole Yr.

143
173

Our summer rains mostly descend with great abundance, and in a com-
paratively short time, so that the average (13 inches) of summer rain falls
in 70 hours, distributed over twenty-four days, while the 7 inches of win-
ter rain (and snow) descend in 160 hours and on 22 days. The days on
which it rains vary between 68 and 115 in the year. On the average we
have 92 days in the year on which it rains. Our rains last from a frac-
tion of an hour to a few hours, and very rarely extend through the 24
hours.

Snow is rather scarce in our climate, and rarely continually covers the
ground for more than a few days or a week. In some years, it amounted,
when melted to 5f inches; in others to only one-half inch; the aver-
age is about 2-J inches.

The atmospherical pressure (indicated by the stage of the barometer) is
with us, in summer, more uniform and regular than on the Atlantic coast,
while in winter it fluctuates considerably, and often very rapidly. The
average barometrical pressure is highest in January, falls till May, and
gradually rises again until January; it is most variable from November to
March, and least so from June to August.

HEALTHFULNESS OF THE STATE.

Authentic reports to the Health Board of St. Louis is have shown that
the annual sickness rate of the city of St. Louis about seventeen and a half
days to each member of the population. Dr. Boardman, of Boston, has
ascertained the sickness rate of the city of Boston to be about twenty-
four days of annual sickness to each individual. The general correctness
of these conclusions are further substantiated by army statistics. Dr.
Pla}rfair, of England, after careful inquiry, computed the ratio of one
death to twenty-eight cases of sickness in a mixed population.

The state of Massachusetts has for many years had a state board of
Health, by whom sanitary improvements have been diligently and scien
tifically prosecuted, under state authority; and the annual death-rate has
thereby been somewhat reduced. In 1870 Massachusetts had a popula-
tion of 1,457,351 and there were during the same period 25,859 deaths
from all causes. A mortality equal to 1.77 per cent of the population. At
' 6

90 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.

the same time Missouri had a population of 1,721,295, and there were
during that year 27,982 deaths from all causes. A mortality rate equiva-
lent to ].(>:> per cent, of the population. It thus appears, if the calculation
is made and the relative proportion between the populations and the death
rates of the two states maintained, that vital security is greater in Mis-
souri, as compared with Massachusetts, to an extent represented bv
the annual saving of 2,474 lives. But this is not all. The authorities on
vital statistics estimate that two persons are constantly sick for every one
that dies; and Dr. Jarvis shows, from the experience of health-assurance
companies in this country, that on an average each person loses from 19
to 20 days per year by sickness. Then we have this result: Two
persons sick to one death, equal 4,948, multiplied b}- 20, gives 98,960 days
per year less of sickness in Missouri than in Massachusetts, in proportion
to population. Then reckon the amount of care and anxiety and suffering
and the loss of time, and cost for nursing and medicines and doctor's bills —
and you will begin to get some idea of what these figures really mean, in
favor of our state, with its dry, salubrious climate, in comparison with
Massachusetts, the only other state for which the figures were at hand
to make the comparison.

AGRICULTURE.

The Missouri state board of agriculture was created a body corporate
by statute, in 1877, and it was provided that the governor, the state sup-
erintendent of schools, the president of the state university and the
dean of the state agricultural college, should be ex-officio members of
the board. The officers of the secretary and treasurer are required to be
at the agricultural college, at Columbia, in Boone county ; and the annual
meetings are to be held there, on the first Wednesday of November in
each year. The presidents or duly authorized delegates of county
agricultural societies, are rightful members of the state board, "for delib-
eration and consultation as to the wants, prospects and condition of the
agricultural interests of the state, to receive the reports of district and
county societies, and to fill by elections all vacancies in the board."

The law further provides that, " It shall be the duty of all agricultural
and horticultural societies, organized and established in accordance with
the laws of this state, to make a full report of their transactions to the
Missouri state board of agriculture, at each annual meeting thereof."

The state board is required " to make an annual report to the general
assembly of the state, embracing the proceedings of the board for the
past year, and an abstract of the reports and proceedings of the several
agricultural and horticultural societies, as well as a general view of the
condition of agriculture and horticulture throughout the state, accom-
panied by such recommendations, including especially such a system of

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 91

public instruction upon those subjects as may be deemed interesting and
useful." Provision is then made for printing fourteen thousand copies
(two thousand in the German language), for distribution to all who will use
them.

OUR STAPLE CROPS.

First of all the crops grown in the state, in amount and value, is Indian
corn. There is not a county in the state in which it is not successfully
and profitably grown. The broad alluvial bottoms along our great rivers
yield immense crops of this valuable cereal, and our fertile prairies are
but little, if any, behind them in their yield.

Next in importance among the cereals is wheat, which grows and yields
well in every part of the state. Except in a few northern counties, spring
wheat is but little grown, the main attention being bestowed upon the
winter varieties, which are especially a favorite crop upon the loess and
clay loams, and upon the oak uplands of the state. The well known fact
that the best flour to stand transportation and exposure in hot and humid
climates, is made from wheat grown toward the southern border of the
wheat zone, has made Missouri flour a favorite for shipment to South
American markets. Flour made in Missouri, from Missouri wheat, won
the Medal of Merit at the World's Exposition, at Vienna, in 1873. The
average yield and the certainty of the wheat crop in Missouri, give the
state a high rank among the states producing this cereal.

Oats grow and yield well in the state, producing heavy straw, plump
and heavy grains; but the crop does not figure very largely in our
markets, being mainly grown for home consumption.

Tobacco, of two or three varieties, grows well, and Missouri tobacco
enjoys a fine reputation for excellence. The state embraces some of the
best tobacco lands in the country. It is a staple in nearly every county in
the state, and some of the counties make it a leading crop. Missouri
ranks sixth in its production.

Cotton, except in small patches for home use, is raised only in the
southern counties of the state. Stoddard, Scott, New Madrid, Pemiscot,
Dunklin, Mississippi and Lawrence, all raise more or less for shipment,
and, in some of the counties named, it is an important crop.

Potatoes grow well, and on most of our soils yield large crops. They
are of fine quality generally.

Sweet Potatoes grow upon our sand}'- soils to great size and excellence,
and our farmers raise a great abundance for home use, and the city
markets are always well supplied.

Sorghum, and other varieties of the Chinese sugar cane, are exten-
sively grown, and many thousands of gallons of syrup are annually made
for home use. Recent improvements in manufacturing sugar from these

02 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.

syrups bid fair to increase the value and importance of this branch of
husbandry.

Broom Corn is extensively grown in Missouri, and the brush being
longer and finer than that grown in the eastern states, commands a much
better price in market.

Buckwheat, Castor Beans, White Beans, Peas and Hops, are all success-
fully grown and made profitable crops.

Garden Vegetables are produced in great profusion and variety, and
the more arid regions of western Kansas and New Mexico, and the
mining districts of Colorado, afford an ever-increasing market for these
and other agricultural products from our state. Watermelons, musk-
melons, etc., grow to great perfection, and are shipped in large quantities
from some portions of the state to cities farther north.

The U. S. forestry statistics of 1875, give Missouri 21,707,220 acres of
land in farms; 20,116,786 acres not in farms; of wood land in farms there
were 8,965,229 acres, and the total woodlands in the state was reported
as 19,623,619 acres.

There is a curious bit of agricultural history which illustrates the rapid
development of the western country, and at the same time shows, by
the inevitable logic of events already transpired, the magnificent position
of Missouri as the greatest wheat center on the globe. In 1849 the cen-
ter of the wheat product of the United States was the meridian of 81 °
west of Greenwich, passing north and south through the eastern border
counties of Ohio. In 1859 that line had moved westward a little more than
two degrees of longitude, and passed through the eastern border counties
of Indiana, the city of Fort Wayne being on the line. In 1869 the wheat
center had moved not quite two degrees further west, and was that year
a few miles west of Chicago and Milwaukee; and the center of our
National corn crop was on the same line at this time. In 1877 this line
had moved still further west, and was now represented by a line drawn
on a map of the United States from Marquette, on Lake Superior, down
through Janesville, Wisconsin, and through Mendota, LaSalle, Vandalia
and Cairo, in Illinois. The corn center will not move much if any further
west ; but the wheat center, by reason of the rapid development of this
crop in Minnesota, Dakota, Nebraska and Kansas, is now, in 1881, as far
west as St. Louis; and it will not be likely to migrate further than Jeffer-
son City at any time in the future, because there is no important wheat-
growing territory further west still unoccupied. The new settlements
westward must be chiefly by mining and manufacturing peoples, hence,
consumers rather than producers of the great cereal crops.

The conclusion of the whole matter, then, is that St. Louis is now, and
will for several decades continue to be, practically on the center line of
the aggregate product of wheat and corn in the United States, propor-

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 93

tioned from east to west limits of the national domain. And this fact
assures Missouri of pre-eminent commercial rank among the grand sister-
hood of states.

The following table shows the number of pounds weight which con-
stitute a lawful bushel in Missouri, of the different articles named, as
established in 1879:

No. lbs. No. lbs.

Articles. per bu. Articles. per bu.

Wheat 60 Orchard Grass 14

Corn, shelled 56 Buckwheat 52

Corn in ear 70 Onions 57

Corn Meal 50 Top Onion Sets 28

Rye 56 Peas, whole, dry 60

Oats 32 Split Peas 60

Barley 48 Dried Apples 24

Irish Potatoes 60 Dried Peaches 33

Sweet Potatoes 56 Malt 38

Beans,White .60 Salt 50

Castor Beans 46 Coal - 80

Bran 20 Peanuts, dry Southern 22

Clover Seed 60 Cotton Seed 33

Timothy Seed 45 Parsnips 44

Hungarian Seed 48 Common Turnips , 42

Hemp Seed 44 Carrots 50

Flaxseed 56 Rutabagas 50

Millet Seed 50 Green Peas, unshelled 56

Red-top Seed or Herd's Grass 14 Green Beans, unshelled 56

Osage Orange Seed 36 Green Apples 48

Sorghum Seed 42 Green Peaches 48

Kentucky Blue Grass Seed ... 14 Green Pears 48

The standard bushel for coke and charcoal is to contain 2,680 cubic
inches; apple barrels, length, 28£ inches; chines, f of an inch at ends;
diameter of head, 17J inches; inside diameter at the center of the barrel,
20| inches.

HORTICULTURE.

The state horticultural society was organized in January, 1859, and
has kept up its annual meetings in spite of all difficulties. Each congres-
sional district of the state is classed as a separate horticultural district, and
is represented in the society by a vice-president, who is expected to keep
himself posted on the interests of this industry in his district, and make
report (or procure some one to do it), at the annual meeting. The officers
of this society for 1880, were: President, Hon. Norman J. Colman, St.
Louis; Vice Presidents: 1st congressional district, H. Michel, St. Louis;
2d, Dr. C. W. Spaulding, Cliff Cave; 3d, J. Rhodes, Bridgeton; 4th,
H. D. Wilson, Cape Girardeau; 5th, W. S. Jewett, Crystal City; 6th, M.

94 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.

S. Roundtree, Springfield; 7th, E. Brown, Sedalia; 8th, Z. S. Ragan,
Independence; 9th, J. Madinger, St. Joseph; 10th, W. H. Miller, Chili-
cothe; 11th, G. Husmann, Columbia; 12th, J. Hawkins, Hannibal; 13th,
W. Stark, Louisiana.

Apples.— All the standard varieties of the temperate zone are raised
in their highest perfection in the state of Missouri; but in such a large
area of country as our state comprises, and with such a great variety of
soils, and other conditions, each different kind has its locality of best suc-
cess. It is therefore not possible to indicate what varieties are best for
the state ; each district will have its favorites. At the national exhibit, in
1878, Missouri showed one hundred and forty plates of apples. Distin-
guished pomologists assert that ten counties in north Missouri can show
apples in as great'variety and perfection as any ten other states in the
Union.

Perhaps no better proof can be given of the general excellence of
Missouri fruits than the fact that at the meeting of the American pomo-
logical society, in September, 1878, medals were awarded to Missouri for
the best displays of apples, pears and wines, and also one for the best
general display of fruits.* These honors were gained in competition with
every state in the union, represented by their choicest fruits, and at an
exhibition held at Rochester, New York, which had long been regarded
as the very center of the fruit growing interests of the country. The
fruits exhibited on that occasion were from different parts of the state.
St. Joseph, Independence, Morrison, Columbia, Hermann, St. Louis county,
Boone county, and other districts were represented, and shared the hon-
ors of our great victory.

The varieties that appear to have received most favor at the meeting
of our state agricultural society, in 1880, were Ben Davis, Winesap,
Jonathan, Dominie, Rawle's Janet, Milam, Northern Spy, Carthouse,
Newtown Pippin, Summer Pippin, Red June, Early Harvest, Red
Astrachan, Late Summer, Dutchess of Oldenburg, Early Pennock, St.
Lawrence, Maiden Blush, Rambo, Grimes' Golden, Limber Twig, Little
Romanite.

Peaches. — The southeastern portion of the state, along the line of the
Iron Mountain railroad, and the western portion, where the marly deposits
are so rich and extensive, are pre-eminently the peach districts, and in
these regions the peach seems almost indigenous, never failing to produce
abundant crops; and yet fruit-growers in these districts say that they are
never able to supply the demand, Nebraska, Kansas and Colorado taking
all from the western region, and St. Louis having to draw upon other states
for her supplies. Peaches may be relied upon as a profitable crop in all
that part of the state south of the Missouri river, and, indeed, are largely
grown much further north, St. Joseph exporting large amounts.

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 95

In some localities the trees have occasionally been winter-killed, when not
in suitable soil or not sheltered ; but, on the whole, Missouri may fairly be set
down as a peach-growing state. Mr. R. Lynn, of Rockport, in the
northwest part of the state, says he has raised three good paying crops
of peaches in seven years, the first crop being the third year from plant-
ing; his best crop was in 1878.

Pears. — Pears do well throughout the state, especially in the region
of Clay, Jackson and Cass counties. The trees attain a great size and
age — a diameter of from twelve to fifteen inches is common ; and there
are trees a short distance south of St. Louis over two hundred years old,
and still bearing full crops. The pear, although the most luscious fruit
grown in northern latitudes, is also one of the most difficult to raise suc-
cessfully— hence it is a matter of reasonable pride and gratification that
this fruit has done so well in our state. At the national pomological
exhibition, of 1878, there were from this state: From the Missouri Val-
ley horticultural society, Kansas City, twenty varieties of pears; from
Jacob Rhodes, Bridgeton, nine varieties; from J. Madinger, St. Joseph,
six varieties; from W. Stark, Louisiana, two varieties. Some of the
finest specimens at the exhibition were grown near St. Louis, on stocks of
the white thorn.

Grapes. — For several years the chief fruit-growing interest of our state
seemed to center on the grape — at least, it was more discussed and advo-
cated in fashionable circles, than all the other fruits put together. The
anti-prohibition sentiment rallied around the grape-growing industry for
the manufacture of native wines, as the great panacea for all the ills and
horrors of intemperance. But aside from any matter of sentiment in the
case, it does seem as though we excel all other states of the Union in the
variety and richness of our grapes, both of native and cultivated varieties.

From Prof. Swallow's report on the country along the lines of the
southwestern branch of the Missouri Pacific railroad, published in 1859,
we learn that seven different native grapes have been found in Missouri.
1. Vitis Labrusca, commonly called "fox grape." The Isabella, Catawba,
Schuylkill and Bland's seedling, are cultivated and popular varieties derived
from this wild grape. 2. Vitis Aestivalis, or "summer grape." This
is found in all parts of the state. 3. Vitis Cordifolia; winter grape, or
"frost grape " as it is more commonly called. 4. Vitis Rtyaria, or "river
grape," grows along streams and is quite large. 5. Vitis Vulpina ; called
also Muscadine. It grows mostly in the south part of the state, and is a
large fine fruit. The cultivated grape called Scuppernong is derived from
this wild variety. 6. Vitis Bipinnata; found in Cape Girardeau and
Pemiscot counties. 7. Vitis Indivisa; found in central and western
counties.

96 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.

GRASSES.

There are few or no grasses that are -peculiar to Missouri; and fortu-
nately so, for there is no permanent advantage in being adapted to pecu-
liar crops any more than in being a peculiar people. The great blessings
of life are universal and widespread. It results that all the valuable
members of this great and beneficial family of plants are adapted to and
capable of being introduced and cultivated in this state. Flint, in his
standard work on grasses, says: "Whoever has blue grass has the basis
of all agricultural prosperity, and that man, if he have not the finest
horses, cattle and sheep, has no one to blame but himself. Others, in
other circumstances, may do well. He can hardly avoid doing well if he
will try."

Blue grass is indigenous in Missouri. When the timber is removed it
springs up spontaneously on the land, and, when the prairie is reclaimed,
it soon takes possession and supersedes all other grasses. This famous
grass is the foundation on which the mighty stock industry of Kentucky*
has been built, and has given a world-renowned reputation to its fine
blood horses, cattle and sheep. The combing-wool sheep and the fine
mutton breeds have obtained a national reputation for wool and mutton in
that state, and their usefulness has but begun. What blue grass has done
for Kentucky, it is now doing for Missouri. An acre of this grass is
worth an acre of corn.

Recent experience has proved that alfalfa or lucerne, that most fatten-
ing of all grasses, grows luxuriantly in this region, yielding each year
three or four good crops of hay.

THE "GRASSHOPPER" IN MISSOURI.
As early as 1867, our state board of agriculture reported destruction by
grasshoppers (the Rocky Mountain locust,) in the western part of the
state the previous fall; and also, that there had been visitations more or
less injurious in former years. But their greatest and most grievous
invasion occurred in the fall of 1874, when 33 counties of western Mis-
souri suffered from their ruthless ravages. Our state entomologist, Prof.
C. V. Riley, made such a thorough, diligent and masterful study of their
origin and habits, and the causes, methods and consequences of their migra-
tions, that he became the standard authority on grasshoppers all over the
civilized world. In 1876 the government appointed a special commission
of entomologists to investigate the character and movements of these
pests, and report for the benefit of the whole infested region, which com-
prised the country west of St. Paul, Minnesota, Jefferson City, Missouri,
and Galveston, Texas, ranging from the Gulf of Mexico on the south, to

* "Kentucky blue grass," (so-called), is not native to that state : it is the same as the En-
glish spear grass, the New England June grass, or meadow gross — or, in botanical lan-
guage, poa pratmsis.

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. U?

Lake Winnipeg and Manitoba in the British possessions northward, and
as far west as the headquarters of the Columbia river. The most prom-
inent scientists on this commission were our own Prof. Riley, and Prof.
Samuel Aughey, of the state university of Nebraska.

The results of this United States commission were little if anything
more than a tedious elaboration of what Prof. Riley had presented in
three annual reports as state entomologist of Missouri. No new points
of any special importance were discovered concerning them. The devel-
opment of this subject, therefore, belongs to the history of what Missouri
has done for science, for agriculture and for the public weal. In his
seventh annual report to our state board of agriculture, 1875, Prof. Riley
says:

"There is some difference of opinion as to the precise natural habitat and
breeding places of these insects, but the facts all indicate that it is by-
nature a denizen of high altitudes, breeding in the valleys, parks and
plateaus of the Rocky Mountain region of Colorado, and especially of
Montana, Wyoming and British America. Prof. Cyrus Thomas, who
has had an excellent opportunity of studying it, through his connection
with Hayden's geological survey of the territories, reports it as occurring
from Texas to British America, and from the Mississippi westward to the
Sierra Nevada range. But in all this vast extent of country, and espe-
cially in the more southern latitudes, there is every reason to believe that
it breeds only on the higher mountain elevations, and where the atmos-
phere is very dry and attenuated, and the soil, seldom,. if ever, gets soaked
with moisture. Prof. Thomas found it most numerous in all stages of
growth, along the higher valleys and canyons of Colorado, tracing it up
above the perennial snows, where the insects must have hatched, as it
was found in the adolescent stage. In crossing the mountains in Col-
orado, it often gets chilled in passing snows, and thus perishes in
immense numbers, where bears delight to feast upon it. My own belief
is that the insect is at home in the higher altitudes of Utah, Idaho, Col-
orado, Wyoming,-. Montana, northwest Dakota, and British America. It
breeds in all this region, but particularly on the vast hot and drv plains
and plateaus of the last named territories, and on the plains west of the
mountains; its range being bounded, perhaps, on the east by that of the
buffalo grass.

" Mr. Wm. N. Byers, of Denver, Colorado, shows that they hatch in
immense quantities in the valleys of the three forks of the Missouri river
and along the Yellowstone, and how they move on from there, when
fledged, in a southeast direction, at about ten miles a day. The swarms
of 1867 were traced, as he states, from their hatching grounds in west
Dakota, and Montana, along the east flank of the P.ocky Mountains, in
the valleys and plains of the Black Hills, and between them and the main
Rocky Mountain range. It all this immense stretch of country, as is well
known, there are immense tracts of barren, almost desert land, while
other tracts for hundreds of miles bear only a scanty vegetation, the short
buffalo grass of the more fertile prairies giving way now to a more luxu-
riant vegetation along the water courses, now to the sage bush and a few
cacti. Another physical peculiaritv is found in the fact that while the

J>8 HISTORY OK THE STATE OK MISSOURI.

spring on these immense plains often opens as early, even away up into
British America, as it does with us in the latitude of St. Louis, yet the veg-
etation is often dried and actually burned out before the first of July, so
that not a green thing is to be found. Our Rocky Mountain locust,
therefore, hatching out in untold myriads in the hot sandy plains, five or
six thousand feet above the level of the sea, will often perish in immense
numbers if the scant vegetation of its native home dries up before it
acquires wings; but if the season is propitious, and the insect becomes
fledged before its food supplies is exhausted, the newly acquired wings
prove its salvation. It may also become periodically so prodigiously mul-
tiplied in its native breeding place, that, even in favorable seasons, every-
thing green is devoured by the time it becomes winged.

" In either case, prompted by that most exigent law of hunger — spurred
on for very life — it rises in immense clouds in the air to seek for fresh
pastures where it may stay its ravenous appetite. Borne along by pre-
vailing winds that sweep over these immense treeless plains from the north-
west, often at the rate of fifty or sixty miles an hour, the darkening locust
clouds are soon carried into the more moist and fertile country to the
southeast, where, with sharpened appetites, they fall upon the crops like
a plague and a blight.

" Many of the more feeble or of the more recently fledged perish, no
doubt, on he way, but the main army succeeds, with favorable wind,
in bridging over the parched country which offers no nourishment. The
hotter and dryer the season, and the greater the extent of the drouth, the
earlier will they be prompted to migrate, and the farther will they push
on to the east and south.

"The comparatively sudden change from the attenuated and dry atmos-
phere of five to eight thousand feet or more above the sea level, to the
more humid and dense atmosphere of one thousand feet below that level,
does not agree with them. The first generation hatched in this low coun-
try is unhealthy, and the few that attain maturity do not breed, but
become intestate and go to the dogs. At least such is the case in our own
state and the whole of the Mississippi valley proper. As we go west or
northwest and approach nearer and nearer the insect's native home, the
power to propagate itself and become localized, becomes, of course, greater
and greater, until at last we reach the country where it is found per-
petually. Thus in the western parts of Kansas and Nebraska the pro-
geny from the mountain swarms may multiply to the second or even third
generation, and wing their wa}^ in more local and feeble bevies to the
countrv east and south. Yet eventually they vanish from off the face of
the earth, unless fortunate enough to be carried back by favorable winds
to the high and dry country where they flourish.

" That they often instinctively seek to return to their native haunts is
proven by the fact that they are often seen flying early in the season in a
northwesterly direction. As a rule, however, the wind which saved the
first comers from starvation by bearing them away from their native
home, keeps them and their issue to the east and south, and thus, in the
end proves their destruction. For in the Mississippi valley they are
doomed, sooner or later. There is nothing more certain than that the
insect is not autochthonous in west Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa,
or even Minnesota, and that when forced to migrate from its native home,
from the causes already mentioned, it no longer thrives in this country."

HISTORY OF THE STATF, OF MISSOURI. \>'.t

February 23, 1877, our state legislature passed a law providing for
the payment of a bounty of one dollar per bushel in March, fifty cents
per bushel in April, and twenty-five cents per bushel in May, for grass-
hoppers; and five dollars per bushel for their eggs at any time. Nebraska
did still better, by making every road supervisor in the state a grasshop-
per policeman, and giving him authority to call out every man from six-
teen to sixty years old, to spend two days killing young grasshoppers
from the time they begin to hatch in the spring.

All the grasshopper states now have some sort of protective laws; and
if another invasion occurs, by concerted and organized effort the amount
of damage suffered can be reduced to a small per cent as compared with
our last " plague of the locusts."

PART III.— NAVIGATION AND COMMERCE.
NAVIGATION— ANCIENT AND MODERN.

It is not certainly known just what modes of navigation were used bv
the prehistoric mound-builders, although we hare some relics of their
time, or possibly of a still earlier race, which are deemed to show that
they made wooden dug-outs or troughs, by burning them into a sort of
boat-like shape and condition. And it is supposed that, prior to this they
lashed together logs or fragments of drift-wood, and made rude rafts
upon which the}' could cross rivers or float down, but of course could
not return with them. Some remains have been found in northwestern
Iowa* which are supposed to prove that men used wooden dug-out boats
during the age when Missouri, Iowa, Kansas and Nebraska were the
bottom of a vast inland sea or lake, into which the Missouri and Platte
rivers emptied their muddy waters and deposited what Prof. Swallow
calls the "bluff formation " over these states; and Prof. Whitney found
in California undisputable proof of man's existence there a whole geolog-
ical age prior to the period when the great fresh water Missouri sea
existed, (see note to chart, on page 67); hence the fact that raft and dug-
out navigation was in use among the islands and shallows of this immense
mud-lake or inland sea, seems not improbable.

However, the modern Indians, before the white man appeared in these
western wilds, had the art of making light and elegant canoes of birch
bark, and could manage them in the water with wonderful skill. They
made long journeys in them, both up and down stream; and when they
wanted to go from one stream to another these canoes were so light that
two men could carry one on their shoulders and march twenty or twenty-
five miles a day with it if necessary. But they were too light and frail
for the freighting service of the white man's commerce.

» , .

* Reported to the American Association for the Advancement of Science, at its St. Louis
meeting, in August, 1878, by W. J. McGee, geologist, of Farley, Iowa.

100 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.

The European explorers of this new world utilized the Indian canoes
as far as practicable, often making considerable voyages in them; some-
times two were lashed together by means of coupling poles laid across
on top of them, thus making a boat with two hulls. This rig could not
be upset, and was easy to tow or paddle, besides making a sort of over-
deck on which to carry baggage. But the thin, frail material was too
easily punctured to be safe, and boats made of plank were always in
demand. At first the boats were built in the "scow" fashion, with full
width flat bottom and full width sled-runner bow. But they soon learned
that in order to make any headway going up stream they must adopt the
keel bottom and water-cutter prow style; and for more than a hundred
years the traffic of all our navigable western rivers was carried on mainly
by means of what were called keel-boats. The manner of propelling
them up stream we have described elsewhere.

THE LEWIS AND CLARKE EXPEDITION.

The Missouri river was first opened to commerce and geography by
Lewis and Clarke, who were commissioned by President Jefferson, in
1803, to explore it. They Lit St. Louis May 14, 1804. The outfit con-
sisted of twenty-six men; one keel-boat fifty-five feet long, drawing three
feet of water, and provided with one large square sail and twenty-two
oars. Also, two open boats, one of six, and one of seven oars. May 16th
they were at St. Charles ; on the 25th they reached LaCharrette, a small
village sixty-five miles above the mouth of the river, not far from where
Marthasville, in Warren county, is now located, and which was the last
white settlement up the river. June 1st they reached the mouth of the
Osage river, which was so called because the Osage tribe of Indians
dwelt along its course. June 26th, they reached the mouth of the Kansas
river, where Kansas City now flourishes in all her glory, and remained
here two days for rest and repairs. The Kansas tribe of Indians had two
villages in this vicinity. July 8th they were at the mouth of the Nodawa,
where now is the village of Amazonia, in Andrew county; and on the 11th
they landed at the mouth of the Nemaha river. On the 14th they passed
the mouth of the Nishnabotna river, and noted that it was only 300 yards
distant from the Missouri at a point twelve miles above its mouth.

This was their last point within the boundaries of the present state of
Missouri. St. Louis was then the territorial capital of the whole region
they were to explore through to the mouth of the Columbia river on the
Pacific coast. This was one of the great exploring adventures of the
world's history, and its narrative is full of romantic and thrilling interest,
but space forbids its presentation here. The party followed up the entire
length of the Missouri river, then down the Columbia to the Pacific
ocean, reaching that point November 14th, 1805. Here they wintered;
and on March 23d, 1806, they started on their return trip by the same

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 1<»1

route, arriving at St. Louis September 23d, at 12 o'clock — not a man
missing from the party that first started out; and the people of St. Louis
gave them an enthusiastic ovation.

FIRST STEAMBOATS IN MISSOURI.

Steam came at last, and revolutionized the business of navigation and
commerce throughout the world. The first steamboat that ever lashed
the Missouri shore with its waves, or made our river hills and forests echo
back her pulsating puffs, was the " General Pike," from Louisville, which
landed at St. Louis, August 2, 1817. Such boats had passed a few times
up and down the whole length of the Ohio river, and between Louisville
and New Orleans, before this, so that the people of St. Louis had heard
about them from the keel-boat navigators. They were therefore over-
joyed when the first one landed at the foot of their main business street,
and thus placed them for the first time in steam communication with the
rest of the civilized world. The event was celebrated with the most
enthusiastic manifestations of delight by the ringing of bells, firing of
guns, floating of flags and streamers, building of bonfires, etc. The
second one, the "Constitution," arrived October 2; and from that onward
the arrival of steamboats became a very commonplace affair.

The first boat that ever entered the Missouri river was the "Independ-
ence," commanded by Captain Nelson. She left St. Louis May 15, 1819,
and on the 28th arrived at Franklin, a flourishing young city that stood
on the north bank of the Missouri river, opposite where Boonville is now
located. There was a U. S. land office at Franklin, and it was the
metropolis of the up-Mjssouri region, or as it was then called, the
" Boone's Lick Country." * When this first steamboat arrived the citi-
zens got up a grand reception and public dinner in honor of the captain
and crew. The boat proceeded up as far as the mouth of the Chariton
river, where there was then a small village called Chariton, but from that
point turned back, picking up freight for St. Louis and Louisville at the
settlements as she passed down. The town site of Old Franklin was
long ago all washed away, and the Missouri river now flows over the
very spot where then were going on all the industries of a busy, thriving,
populous young city.

The second steamboat to enter the Missouri river (and what is given in
most histories as the first) was in connection with Major S. H. Long's TJ.
S. exploring expedition, and occurred June 21, 1819, not quite a month
after the trip of the " Independence." Major Long's fleet consisted of
four steamboats, the " Western Engineer," " Expedition," " Thomas Jef-
ferson" and "R. M.Johnson," together with nine keel-boats. The
"Jefferson," however, was wrecked and lost a few days after. The

*Daniel Boone had first explored this region and discovered some rich salt springs, and
two of his sons manufactured salt and shipped it from Franklin for several years.

102 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.

"Western Engineer" was a double stern wheel boat, and had projecting
from her bow a figure-head representing a huge open-jawed, red-mouthed,
forked-tongued serpent, and out of this hideous orifice the puffs of steam
escaped from the engines. The men on board had many a hearty laugh
from watching the Indians on shore. When the strange monster came
in sight, rolling out smoke and sparks from its chimney like a fiery mane,
and puffing great mouthfuls of steam from its wide open jaws, they
would look an instant, then yell, and run like deer to hide away from
their terrible visitor. They thought it was the Spirit of Evil, the very
devil himself, coming to devour them. But their ideas and their actions
were not a whit more foolish than those of the sailors on the Hudson
river, who leaped from their vessels and swam ashore to hide, when Ful-
ton's first steamboat came puffing and glaring and smoking and splashing
toward them, like a wheezy demon broke loose from the bottomless pit.
Major Long was engaged five years in exploring all the region between
the Mississippi river and the Rocky Mountains which is drained by the
Missouri and its tributaries; and his steamboats were certainly the first
that ever passed up the Missouri to any great distance. Long's Peak, in
Colorado, 14,272 feet high, was named after him.

From this time forward the commerce and travel by steamboats to and
from St. Louis grew rapidlv into enormous proportions, and small towns
sprung up in quick succession on every stream where a boat with paddle
wheels could make its way. For half a century steamboating was the
most economical and expeditious mode of commerce in vogue for inland
traffic; and Missouri, with her whole eastern boundary washed by the
" Father of Waters," and the equally large and navigable " Big Muddy "
meandering entirely across her territory from east to west, and for nearly
two hundred miles along her northwestern border, became an imperial
center of the steamboating interest and industry.

About 1830 the art of constructing iron-railed traffic-ways, with steam-
propelled carriages upon them, began to be developed in our eastern
states. But it was not until 1855 that these new devices for quick transit
began to affect the steamboating interests of Missouri. (The first rail-
roads to St. Louis were opened in that year; the railroad history of the
state will be found in another place.) Then commenced the memorable
struggle of the western steamboat interests, with headquarters at St.
Louis, to prevent any railroad bridge from being built across the Missis-
sippi, Missouri or Ohio rivers. They held that such structures would
inevitably be an artificial obstruction to the free and safe navigation of
these great natural highways. But it was evident enough to clear-
thinking people that the steamboat business must decline if railroads
were permitted to cross the great rivers without the expense of breaking
bulk, and this was the "true inwardness" of the anti-railroad bridge

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 103

combination. The issue was made against the first railroad bridge that
ever spanned the Mississippi, the one at Rock Island. Illinois. In a long
course of controversy and litigation the railroads came out ahead, and
steamboating gradually declined, both in the freight and passenger traffic,
to less than half its former proportions.

However, the tables have been turned again; and now, in 1881,

THE BARGE SYSTEM
has suddenly leaped forth to break the threatening power of monopolv
which the great east and -west railroad lines for a while enjoyed.

The first step in the historic progress of this grand revolution in the
commercial relations and connections of the entire Mississippi and Mis-
souri valley regions, was the successful construction of the jetties at the
mouth of the Mississippi river by Capt. James B. Eads, a worthy and
distinguished citizen of St. Louis. This great enterprise was undertaken
by Capt. Eads under an act of congress approved March 3d, 1875. It
required him to obtain a channel 20 feet deep and 200 feet wide at the
bottom, within thirty months from the passage of the act, upon which a
payment of $500,000 would be made; and upon obtaining channels of two
feet additional depth, with correspondingly increased widths at bottom,
until a depth of 30 feet and a width at bottom of 350 feet was secured,
payments of $500,000 were to be made, with additional payments for
maintenance of channel. The total cost to the government of a channel
30 feet deep by 350 feet wide would be $5,250,000. Capt. Eads was also
to receive $100,000 per year for twenty years, to keep the works in repair
and maintain the channel.

Before the jetty works were commenced, there existed an immense bar
of sand or silt, with a depth of only eight feet of water over it, between
the deep water of the Mississippi and the navigable water of the Gulf.
But at the close of the year there was a wide and ample channel of 23J-
feet; and for the greater portion of the distance between the jetties, over
this same bar, there was a channel from 28 to 35 feet deep. The scheme
has been so entirely successful that it has attained a world-wide celebrity
and commercial importance, owing to the fact that the largest class of
sea-going vessels can now be towed in and out of the Mississippi river
without risk or difficulty; and it is this achievement by our honored fellow-
citizen which has made possible the success of the grain-barge system of
shipments from St. Louis direct to Europe, that is now revolutionizing the
entire trade and commerce of the major half of the United States. The
following facts will serve to show what has already been accomplished in
this direction.

The total shipments of grain by the barge lines from St. Louis to New
Orleans in the month of March 1881, was 2,348,093 bushels.

The St. Louis Republican of April 2d, 1881, stated:

104 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.

" There were started from St. Louis yesterday about eighty trains of
grain to New Orleans, or what amounts to the same thing, three different
barge companies started tows down the river with 567,000 bushels of
grain. This amount would have filled about 1,200 railway cars, and
would have taken eighty trains of fifteen cars or sixty trains of twenty
cars each to transport. All this grain was put into fifteen barges, and r
matter of 2,600 tons of miscellaneous freight besides. All these three
tow-boats started down the river with a freight list that would have filled
between thirteen and fourteen hundred railway cars, and will be delivered
to New Orleans in from five to nine days.

"The exact statement of the cost of transportation of flour from St.
Louis via New Orleans to Liverpool and to Boston, per barrel, is ninety
cents freight and four cents drayage to boat at levee at St. Louis, or ninety-
four cents to Liverpool, while the freight per barrel to Boston by rail, "in
car-loads of one hundred and twenty-five barrels, from East St. Louis, is
ninety-one cents, or from St. Louis (eight cents transfer across the bridge
added,) ninety-nine cents, or five cents less to Liverpool by river and
ocean, than by rail to Boston. This rate to Liverpool via New Orleans
was negotiated March 30 by the St. Louis, New Orleans and Foreign
Dispatch Company."

George H. Morgan, Esq., secretary of the St. Louis "Merchant's
Exchange," furnished the writer of this history with the following state-
ment of grain shipments by barge line from St. Louis to New Orleans:
1881. Wheat. Corn. Oats. Rye.

February 232,248 126,770 22,423

March 796,710 1,541,505 25,162

April 819,038 1,312,432 24,916

Total 1,847,996 2,980,707 50,078 22,423

Thus it will be seen that the tide has fairly turned ; that St. Louis is now
practically a commercial seaport, and will, within the next twelve months,
become the greatest grain-shipping city on the American continent.

RAILROADS IN MISSOURI.

The earliest account of any movement in this state with regard to rail-
roads is to the effect that on the 20th of April, 1835, a railroad convention
was held in St. Louis, and resolutions were adopted in favor of building
two railroads — one from St. Louis to Fayette, in Howard county; and the
other one southward to Iron Mountain, Pilot Knob, etc.* The reason for
projecting a railroad from St. Louis into the great iron region is obvious
enough; but why they should at that early day have thought of building
more than one hundred and fifty- miles of railroad to reach a town that
was only twelve miles from Old Franklin, on the banks of the Missouri
river, is an unsolved mystery. It indicates, at least, that those " early

*The first steam railroad in this country was the Baltimore and Susquehanna line, in
1830; though horse railroads had been used before, especially at coal mines and marble
quarries, and in two cases engines had been used on such roads.

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 105

fathers" were not under the control of any narrow or shallow views con-
cerning the practical value of railroads, or the future grandeur of St.
Louis as the central point for all trans-Mississippi traffic. In this first
railroad convention ever held west of the Allegheny Mountains there
were sixty-four delegates in attendance, representing eleven counties ; but
practically nothing ever* came of their deliberations.

In 1840 a State Board of Internal Improvement was created, and it
made a survey for a railroad from St. Louis to the Iron Mountain, by the
way of Big River. February 7th, 1849, Col. Thomas H. Benton, sena-
tor from Missouri, introduced into the U. S. senate a bill to provide for
the location and construction of a central national road from the Pacific
ocean to the Mississippi river, to be an iron railway where practicable,
and the rest a wagon way. February 20th, same year, a public meeting
was held in St. Louis, which petitioned the legislature for a charter and
right-of-way for a railway across the state from St. Louis to the western
boundary; and on the 12th of March this charter was granted.

Next a meeting was held which called a national convention at St.
Louis to consider the project of a national Pacific railway across the
continent. This convention was held October 15, 16, 17, 18, 1849. Fif-
teen states were represented ; the grand project was warmly commended,
and a strong memorial sent to Congress asking the public authorities to
take some action in the matter.

Such was the beginning of definite moves toward a trans-continental
railroad.

The Missouri Pacific was the first railroad commenced and first finished
in the State. Incorporated March 12, 1849; authorized capital $10,000,-
000; opened to Cheltenham, March 23, 1852; amount of state aid,
$7,000,000; St. Louis county aid $700,000; land sold, 127,209 acres;
entire length from St. Louis to Kansas City, 382 miles; total cost, $14,-
382,208.

The successive stages of its construction were: Chartered, March 12,
1859; first ground broken, by Mayor Kennett of St. Louis, July 4, 1851;
road opened to Cheltenham, Dec. 23, 1852; to Kirkwood in May, and to
Franklin July 23, 1853; completed to Washington, February 11, 1855; to
Hermann, August 7, trie same year ;* and to Jefferson City, March 12, 1856 ;
completed to California in Moniteau county, May, 14, 1858; to Tipton,
July 26, same year; and to Syracuse, August, 1, 1859; opened to Otter-

*November 1, 1855, a large excursion train left St. Louis to celebrate the opening of the
railroad through to Medora station, about twenty miles beyond Hermann. It was a long
train filled with business men of ths city and their families, and the occasion was one ot
great festivity and rejoicing. But, while the train was crossing the Gasconade river the
bridge gave way, and plunged cars, bridge and people in one mixed and horrible wreck
into the gulf of waters fifty feet down. The president and chief engineer of the road, and
30 prominent citizens of St. Louis were killed, while scores of others were more or less
injured. It was the first and the most terrible railroad accident that has ever occurred in
the state.

106 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.

ville, August 24, 1860; to Smithton, November 1, same year; and to
Sedaliain February 1861. Here it stopped during the first two years of
the war. But Pettis county voted $75,000 to aid it, and Jackson county
$200,000. Commenced running trains to Dresden, May 10, 1863; to
Warrensburg, July 3, 1864; in 1865 the road was opened to Holden, May
28; to Pleasant Hill, July 19; to Independence, September 19. Meanwhile
work had been going on from Kansas City westward, the two gangs of
workmen meeting at Independence; and on this 19th day of September,
1865, the last rail was laid and the last spike driven, which connected
Missouri's two principal cities with iron bands unbroken from east to west
line of the noble commonwealth. On the next day, the president of the road
Mr. Daniel R. Garrison, left Kansas City at 3 A. m., and arrived in St. Louis
at 5 p. m., thus making the first through trip over the completed line.

There is now not a county north of the Missouri river which has not
one or more railroads within its limits; and of the seventy counties south
of the Missouri, only 22 have no railroad reaching them. However, new
roads and branches are being built each year, so that within a few years
every county will be provided with good railroad facilities.

January 1, 1880, there were, in round numbers, 3,600 miles of railroad
in operation in the state, embraced in about fifty different main lines and
branches, allowned by thirty-five different corporations, and operated by
twenty-five different companies, as shown in the following table:

Atchison, Topeka and Sante Fe 22 Missouri Pacific 375

Burlington and Southwestern 64 Quincy, Missouri and Pacific 75

Cherry Valley 6 St. Joseph and Des Moines 45

Chicago and Alton 264 St. Louis, Hannibal and Keokuk 48

Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific 169J^ St. Louis, Iron Mount'n and Southr'n 380

Crystal City 4 St. Louis, Keokuk and Northwestern 132^

Hannibal and St. Joseph 291% St. Louis, Salem and Little Rock 45

Kansas City and Eastern 43 St. Louis and San Francisco 363%

Kansas City, Ft. Scott and Gulf 8 Springfield and Western Missouri . . 20

Kansas City, St. Joe and Council Biff's 198 Union Railway and Transit Company 1

Little River Valley and Arkansas 27 Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific 655

Missouri, Iowa and Nebraska 70 West End Narrow Guage 16

Missouri, Kansas and Texas 284

Total 3,607

POSTA.L AND TELEGRAPH FACILITIES.

There are within the state 15,208 miles of postal routes, of which
10,426 miles are by stage and horseback, 575 miles by steamboat, and
4,207 miles by railroad, the whole involving a cost for the year 1878-9 of
$768,904. There are 1,700 post towns — but four states in the union have
a greater number. These are all offices of registration, where letters and
parcels can be registered for transmission through the males to all
parts of this and foreign countries. In 200 of these post-offices, money-
orders may be purchased, payable at all similar offices in the United
States, and a portion of them issue orders drawn on Great Britain, France,
Germany, Italy, Switzerland, etc.

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 107

There are in the state 562 telegraph stations, whence messages can be

sent all over the telegraph world; 2,428 miles of line and 6,000 miles of

wire.

MANUFACTURING.

The following statistics of the capital employed in manufacturing indus-
tries, and the amount of production, is collated from careful estimates
made in 1876, the latest at hand, although it is well known that great
increase of these industries has been made since that date. These esti-
mates showed that the state then contained 14,245 manufacturing estab-
lishments, using 1,965 steam engines, representing 58,101 horse-power,
465 water wheels, equaling 7,972 horse-power, and employing 80,000
hands. The capital employed in manufacturing was about $100,000,-
000; the material used in 1876 amounted to about $140,000,000; the
wages paid were $40,000,000, and the products put upon the market
were over $250,000,000. Outside of St. Louis the leading manufacturing
counties of the state are Jackson, about $2,000,000 ; Buchanan, $7,000,-
000; St. Charles, $4,500,000; Marion, $3,500,000; Franklin, $3,000,000;
Greene, $1,500,000; Cape Girardeau, $1,500,000; Platte, Boone and
Lafayette, upwards of $1,000,000 each, followed by several counties
nearly reaching the last sum.

The products of the different lines of manufacturing interests are,

approximately, as follows:

Flouring Mills $30,000,000 Furniture $5,000,000

Carpentering ". . 20.000,000 Paints and painting 4,500,000

Meat Packing 20,000,000 Carriages and Wagons 4,500,000

Iron and Castings 15,000,000 Bricks 4,500,000

Tobacco 14,000.000 Marble, Stone-work and Masonry. 4,000,000

Clothing 11,000,000 Bakery Products 4,000,000

Liquors 10,000,000 Tin, Copper and Sheet Iron 4,000,000

Lumber 10,000,000 Sash, Doors and Blinds 3.250,000

Bags and Bagging 7,000,060 Cooperage 3,000,000

Saddlery 7.000,000 Blacksinithing 3,000,000

Oil 6,000,000 Bridge Building 2,000,000

Machinery 6,000,000 Patent Medicines 2,500,000

Printing and Publishing 5,500,000 Soap and Candles 2,500,000

Molasses 5,000,000 Agricultural Implements 2,000,000

Boots and Shoes 5,000,000 Pfumbing and Gas-fitting 2,000,000

Of the manufacturing in Missouri, more than three-fourths is done in
St. Louis, which produced, in 1879, about $275,000,000 of manufactured
articles. The city has, for some years past, ranked as the third in the
United States in the amount of her manufactures, leaving a wide gap
between her and Chicago and Boston, each of which cities manufactures
a little more than one-half as much in amount as St. Louis, and leaves a
doubt as to which of them is entitled to rank as the fourth manufactur-
ing city.

Flour. — In St. Louis there are twenty-four flouring mills, having a
daily productive capacity of 11,000 barrels. The total amount of flour
received and manufactured by the dealers and millers of St. Louis, in

Kj8 history of THE STATE OF MISSOURI.

1879, was 4,154,757 barrels, of which over 3,000,000 were exported. They
also made 425,903 barrels of corn meal and 28,595 barrels of hominy and
grits. Of their exports, 619,103 barrels were sent to European nations
and to South America.

Cotton. — There are in the city two mills, which consume from 15,000
to 20,000 bales annually. To supply the manufactured cotton goods
annualiy sold in St. Louis will*require mills of ten times the capacity of
those now in operation.

PRINCIPAL CITIES.

Si. Louis is the commercial metropolis not only of the state of Missouri
but also of the Mississippi and Missouri valley regions of country; and
the history of Missouri is to a very large extent the history of St. Louis.
There is so much concerning this imperial city embodied in other parts of
this work that little need be added here.

St. Louis is situated upon the west bank of the Mississippi, at an altitude
of four hundred feet above the level of the sea. It is far above the highest
floods that ever swrell the Father of Waters. Its latitude is 38 deg., 37
min., 28 sec, north, and its longitude 90 deg., 15 min., 16 sec, west. It is
twenty miles below the mouth of the Missouri, and 200 above the conflu-
ence of the Ohio. It is 744 miles below the falls of St. Anthony, and
1194 miles above New Orleans. Its location very nearly bisects the
direct distance of 1,400 miles between Superior City and the Balize. It
is the geographical center of a valley which embraces 1,200,000 square
miles. In its course of 3,200 miles the Mississippi borders upon Missouri
470 miles. Of the 3,000 miles of the Missouri, 500 lie within the limits
of our own state, and St. Louis is mistress of more than 16,500 miles of
river navigation.

The Missouri Gazette^ the first newspaper, was establised in 1808, by
Joseph Charless, and subsequently merged in the present Missouri
Republican. The town was incorporated in 1809, and a board of trustees
elected to conduct the municipal government. In 1812 the territory of
Missouri was designated, and a legislative assembly authorized. The
Missouri Bank was incorporated in 1814. The first steamboat arrived at
the foot of Market street in the year 1815, followed soon by others.
In 1S19 the first steamer ascended the Missouri, and the first through
boat from New Orleans arrived, having occupied twenty -seven days in
the trip. In 1821 a city directory was issued. The facts stated in this
volume show that the town was then an important and thriving one. In
L825 Lafayette visited the city and received a grand public ovation. This
year the United States arsenal and Jefferson barracks were established.

HISTORV OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 109

In 1827 there were hardly a dozen German families in" St. Louis, where
now there are as many thousands of them. In 1830 the population was
6,654. In 1835 the first railroad convention was held. [See page 106.]
In 1837 the population was 16,187, and 184 steamboats were engaged in
the commerce of the city. The decade between 1840 and 1850 saw
increased advancement in all kinds of industry, and in architectural
growth. We find that in 1840 there were manufactured 19,075 barrels
of flour, 18,656 barrels of whisky, and 1,075 barrels of beef inspected,
and other branches of business had correspondingly increased. In 1846,
the now extensive Mercantile Library was founded. The, close of the
decade, 1849, brought upon the city the double misfortune of fire and
pestilence. On May 19th, the principal business section was swept away
by a conflagration originating in a steamboat at the levee; and, during
the summer of the same year, the population was scourged by cholera.
In 1851, the first railroad enterprise — the building of the Missouri Pacific
—was inaugurated, and quickly followed by others. [See page 105.]
The decennial increase of population has been as follows:

Year. Pop. Year. Pop. Year. Pop.

1799 !»25 1830 5,862 1860 160,733

1810 1,400 1840 16,469 1870 310,864

1820 4,928 1850 74,439 1880 350,522

During 1880 St. Louis received 1,703,874 barrels of flour; manufactured
2,077,625 barrels; and shipped 3,292,803 barrels. Of this amount 975,970
barrels were shipped in sacks to England, Scotland, Ireland, Wales, Hol-
land, France, Belgium, German}-, Brazil, Cuba and Mexico. During the
same year St. Louis shipped 11,313,879 bushels of wheat; and of this
amount 5,913,272 bushels went to foreign countries via New Orleans,
while the rest went eastward by rail. The receipts of corn were 22,298,-
077 bushels; shipments, 17,571,322 bushels, of which 9,804,392 went by
barges to New Orleans for foreign ports, 3,1 57,684 to the south for con-
sumption, and 4 591,944 eastward by rail or Ohio river. The receipts of
cotton were 496,570 bales, and shipments 478,219 bales.

During the packing season of 1879-80, there were 927,793 hogs packed.
The shipments of coffee reached $5,000,000, and that of sugar $8,500,000.

The above principal items are gleaned from the commercial pantheon
of statistics published in Januarv, 1881, by the Merchants' Exchange of
St. Louis.

Kansas City. — In 1724 the Kansas tribe of Indians had their chief town
a few miles below the mouth of the Kansas river, and M. DeBourgmont,
the French commandant of this region, held a grand peace council with
different tribes gathered at this place for the purpose, on July 3d of that
year. This is the earliest historic record of white men in the vicinity of
where Kansas City now stands. In 1 808 the U . S. government established

110 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.

a fort and Indian agency here, calling it Fort Osage, which was not
abandoned until 1825, when the Indian title to a certain strip of country
here was extinguished. In 1821 Francis G. Chouteau established a trad-
ing post on the Missouri river about three miles below the site of Kansas
City, but a flood in the spring of 1826 swept away everything he had, and
he then settled six miles up the Kansas river.

The original town plat of Kansas City consisted of 40 acres, and was
laid out in 1839. In 1816 some additional ground was laid .off, and a
public sale of lots netted $7,000, averaging $200 per lot.

The first charter was procured in the winter of 1852-3, and in the
spring of 1853* was organized the first municipal government. The first
established newspaper made its appearance in 1854, with the title of the
" Kansas City Enterprise," now known as the " Kansas City Journal."
During the years 1855-6-7, the border troubles very visibly affected the
prosperity of the city, so that business in those years did not exceed, all
told, the sum of $2,000,000; but at the close of the struggle, in 1857, busi-
ness began to revive, and it was then stated, in the St. Louis "Intelligen-
cer," that she had the largest trade of any city of her size in the world.
This may be distinguished as the great steamboat era. It was estimated
that, in the year 1857, one hundred and twenty-five boats discharged at the
Kansas City levee over twenty-five million pounds of merchandise. In
May of this year, also, the steamboats were employed to carry the United
States mail, and in 1858 the first telegraph pole in Jackson county was
erected.

The first bank established in Kansas City was a branch of the Mechan-
ics' Bank, of St. Louis, organized May 1, 1859, and the second was a
branch of the Union Bank, organized in July of the same year. The first
jobbing dry goods house opened in July, 1857. The first city loan for
local improvement was made in 1855, amounting to $10,000, all taken at
home, and expended in improving and widening the levee; and, in 1858,
another loan of $100,000 for street improvements. Only in the matter of
railroads was Kansas City seriously affected by the panic of 1857; gov-
ernment moneys, immigration over the border, and the New Mexican
trade tiding her safely over the sea of financial excitement and prostra-
tion. She had also become, even as early as the year 1854, a noted mart
for the purchase and sale of live stock, the immense freighting across the
plains inviting trade in this direction, and in the annual reviews of the
papers it is said that, in 1857, the receipts for that year, in mules and cattle,
were estimated at $200,000, and also that, in 1858, about 20,000 head of
stock cattle were driven here from Texas and the Indian territory. In
1857 over six hundred freighting wagons left Kansas City with loads for
Santa Fe, New Mexico.

The principal railroads centering at Kansas City are, the Hannibal &

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. Ill

St. Joseph railroad, the Kansas Pacific railroad, tiie Kansas City, Law-
rence & Southern railroad, the Kansas City, Fort Scott & Gulf railroad,
the Chicago & Alton railroad, the Atchison & Nebraska railroad, the
Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council Bluffs railroad, the Missouri Pacific
railway, the Missouri, Kansas & Texas railway, the Wabash, St. Louis
& Pacific railway, the Atchison, Topeka & Sante Fe railroad, the Kansas
City & Eastern railroad, (narrow gauge). The Atchison, Topeka &
Santa Fe railroad has extended its road to Albuquerque, New Mexico,
and to Guyamas, on the Pacific coast; to San Francisco, California, and
is building to the City of Mexico.

The elevator storage capacity in the city January 1, 1881, was 1,500,-
000 bushels. In 1879 about 1,600 new buildings were erected, costing
$1,500,000. The U. S. postoffice and custom house building cost $200,-

000. The union depot building cost $300,000. The Kansas City stock
yards rank as second only to those of Chicago in the extent and com-
pleteness of their facilities for the cattle trade.

The population of Kansas City, by U. S. census in June, 1880, was
62,977 Taxable wealth, $13,378,950. Cost of new buildings erected
during the year 1880, $2,200,000*

.57. Joseph. In 1803 Joseph Robidon, a French fur trader, located
here, and continued to occupy his place and trade with the Indians for 33
years. Up to 1843 the place contained only two log cabins, and a small
flouring mill on Black Snake creek. In June, 1843, Mr. Robidoux
received his title from the government to 160 acres of land, and laid out
the city, which was called St. Joseph in his honor, and not, as is commonly
supposed, in honor of the Saint Joseph of the church calendar. January

1, 1846, the town had 600 inhabitants, having been incorporated as a vil-
lage February 26, 1S45, with Joseph Robidoux as president of the board
of trustees. The-first city charter was obtained February 22, 1851, but it
has been many times amended. The population was: In 1850, 3,460; in 1860,
8,932; in 1870, 19,625; in 1880, 32,461.

St. Joseph is situated on the east bank of the Missouri, 545 miles from
its mouth, 2,000 miles from the great falls, nearly 1,300 miles below the
mouth of the Yellowstone, 310 miles from St. Louis by railroad, with
which it is connected by three different lines, and 565 miles from St. Louis
by river; but it is only 180 miles on an air line from the Mississippi river.
The latitude of St. Joseph is 39 degrees 47 minutes north, and the same
parallel passes through Indianapolis, and within less than four miles of
Denver, Colorado, Springfield, Illinois, and the famous Mason and Dixon's
line, separating Maryland and Pennsylvania, reaching the Atlantic coast
half way from Cape May to New York City, and the Pacific, two degrees

*These statistics are gathered mostly from the able annual reports of W. H. Miller, Esq.,
who has been secretary of the Kansas City Board of Trade continuously since 1873.

112 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI.

north of San Francisco, near Cape Mendicino. A straight line drawn on
the map from Augusta, the capital of Maine, to San Diego in California,
passes through Detroit, Chicago, and St. Joseph, and this last citv is just
halfway from end to end of this line

St. Joseph has an altitude of about 1,030 feet above the sea, which is
200 feet higher than St. Paul, 400 feet higher than Chicago, and nearly
600 feet higher than St. Louis. The city is romantically and beautifully
situated, the business portion lying in a huge basin on a great bend in the
Missouri river, while the residence part of the city clambers up the
mound-shaped hills, which rise on all sides like a vast amphitheater.

The wholesale and retail trade is figured above $40,000,000 annually,
while it is said that there are no fewer than eight commercial houses which
have a cash capital of $1,000,000 each. It is stated on reliable authority,
that there is handled at this point 15,000,000 bushels of corn, 5,000,000 of
wheat, 250,000 rye, and 500,000 barle}r, per annum. The stock yards cover
seven acres, and belong to a stock company. There are received at the
yards 120,000 to 150,000 hogs per annum, and 10,000 to 12,000 cattle.
The figures do not include direct shipments to several large packing
houses, which will increase the number of hogs to 300,000. There are
four packing houses in the city — one having a capacity of 15,000 hogs
per day.

The railroad lines which connect St. Joseph with the rest of the busi-
ness world are the Hannibal & St. Joseph, the pioneer road of the state,
extending east across the entire state to Hannibal and Quincyon the Miss-
issippi river; the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific, forming a direct line to St.
Louis: the St. Joseph & Western, extending across the great iron bridge,
through Kansas and Nebraska, to a junction at Grand Island with the
Union Pacific, of which it is really a part; the Missouri Pacific, another
connecting line with St. Louis; the Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council
Bluffs, extending south to Kansas City and north to Omaha, with its
Nodaway Valley branch, extending through the Nodaway valley, and its
Chicago branch, making connection with the Chicago, Burlington &
Quincy; the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe; the St. Joseph & Des
Moines, now owned and operated by the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy;
the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific, and the Atchison & Nebraska.

PUBLIC LIBRARY

A*TOn, LKNOX
DKN FOUNDATIONS

•

'o^i,

CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

AND ITS AMENDMENTS.

We, the people of the United States, in order to form a more -perfect union,
establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the common
defense, -promote the general -welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty
to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitu-
tion for the United States of America.

ARTICLE I.

Section 1. All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a
congress of the United States, which shall consist of a senate and house
of representatives.

Sec 2. The house of representatives shall be composed of members
chosen every second year by the people of the several states, and the
electors in each state shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of
the most numerous branch of the state legislature.

No person shall be a representative who shall not have attained to the
age of twenty-five years, and been seven years a citizen of the United
States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state in
which he shall be chosen.

Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the sev-
eral states which may be included within this Union, according to their
respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole
number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of
years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other persons.
The actual enumeration shall be made within three years after the first
meeting of the congress of the United States, and within every subsequent
term of ten years, in such manner as they shall by law direct. The num-
ber of representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand, but
each state shall have at least one representative; and until such enumer-
ation shall be made the state of New Hampshire shall be entitled to choose
three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations one,
Connecticut five, New York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight,
Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, and
Georgia three.

When vacancies happen in the representation from any state, the exec-
utive authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies.

The house of representatives shall choose their speaker and other
officers, and shall have the sole power of impeachment.

Sec 3. The senate of the United States shall be composed of two
senators from each state, chosen by the legislature thereof for six years;
and each senator shall have one vote.

Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first
election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three classes.
The seats of the senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expira-
tion of the second year, of the second class at the expiration of the fourth
year, and of the third class at the expiration of the sixth year, so that one-
third may be chosen every second year; and if vacancies happen by resig-
nation or otherwise, during the recess of the legislature of any state, the
executive thereof may make temporary appointments until the next
meeting of the legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies.

No person shall be a senator who shall not have attained to the age of
thirty years, and been nine years a citizen of the United States, and who
8

114 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.

shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state for which he shall
be chosen.

The vice-president of the United States shall be president of the senate,
but shall have no vote unless they be equally divided.

The senate shall choose their other officers, and also a president fro
tempore, in the absence of the vice-president, or when he shall exercise
the office of president of the United States.

The senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments. When
sitting for that purpose they shall be on oath or affirmation. When the
president of the United States is tried, the chief-justice shall preside.
And no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds
of the members present.

Judgment, in cases of impeachment, shall not extend further than to
removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of
honor, trust or profit under the United States; but the party convicted
shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgment, and
punishment according to law.

Sec. 4. The times, places, and manner of holding elections for senators
and representatives, shall be prescribed in each state b}' the legislature
thereof; but the congress may at any time by law make or alter such
regulations, except as to the places of choosing senators.

The congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meet-
ing shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by law
appoint a different day.

Sec. 5. Each house shall be the judge of the election, returns, and
qualifications of its own members, and a majority of each shall constitute
a quorum to do business; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to
day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members
in such manner and under such penalties as each house may provide.

Each house may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its mem-
bers for disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds,
expel a member.

Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to
time publish the same, excepting such parts as may, in their judgment,
require secrecy; and the yeas and nays of the members of either house on
any question shall, at the desire of one-fifth of those present, be entered
on the journal.

Neither house, during the session of congress, shall, without the consent
of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place
than that in which the two houses shall be sitting.

Sec. 6. The senators and representatives shall receive a compensation
for their services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the treasury
of the United States. They shall in all cases, except treason, felony, and
breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at
the session of their respective houses, and in going to and returning from
the same ; and for any speech or debate in either house, they shall not be
questioned in any other place.

No senator or representative shall, during the time for which he was
elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the United
States, which shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall
have been increased during such time; and no person holding any office
under the United States shall be a member of either house during his
continuance in office.

CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 115

Sec. 7. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the house of
representatives; but the senate may propose or concur with amendments
as on other bills.

Every bill which shall have passed the house of representatives and
the senate shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the president of
the United States; if he approve he shall sign it; but if not he shall
return it, with his objections, to that house in which it shall have origi-
nated, who shall enter the objections at large on their journal, and pro-
ceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsideration, two-thirds of that
house shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objec-
tions, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and
if approved by two-thirds of that house, it shall become a law. But in all
such cas e s the votes of both houses shall be determined by yeas and nays,
and the names of the persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered
on the journal of each house respectively. If any bill shall not be returned
by the president within ten days (Sundays excepted), after it shall have
been presented to him, the same shall be a law in like manner as if he
had signed it, unless the congress, by their adjournment, prevents its
return, in which case it shall not be a law.

Every order, resolution, or vote to which the concurrence of the senate
and house of representatives may be necessary (except on a question of
adjournment), shall be presented to the president of the United States,
and before the same shall take effect shall be approved by him, or, being
disapproved by him, shall be re-passed by two-thirds of the senate and
house of representatives, according to the rules and limitations prescribed
in the case of a bill.

Sec. 8. The congress shall have power —

To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay the debts,
and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United
States; but all duties, imposts, and excises shall be uniform throughout
the United States;

To borrow money on the credit of the United States;
To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several
states, and with the Indian tribes;

To establish a uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the
subject of bankruptcies throughout the United States;

To coin money, regulate the value thereof and of foreign coin, and fix
the standard of weights and measures;

To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and cur-
rent coin of the United States;

To establish post offices and post roads;

To promote the progress of sciences and useful arts, by securing, for
limited times, to authors and inventors, the exclusive right to their respec-
tive writings and discoveries;

To constitute tribunals inferior to the supreme court;
To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas;
and offenses against the law of nations;

To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal and make rules
concerning captures on land and water;

To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that use
shall be for a longer term than two years;
To provide and maintain a navy;
To make rules for government and regulation of the land and naval forces ;

116 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.

To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union*
suppress insurrections, and repel invasions;

To provide for organizing, arming and disciplining the militia, and for
governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the
United States, reserving to the states respectively the appointment of the
officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the discipline
prescribed by congress;

To exercise legislation in. all cases whatsoever over such district (not
exceeding ten miles square) as may by cession of particular states, and
the acceptance of congress, become the seat of the government of the
United States, and to exercise like authority over all places purchased by
the consent of the legislature of the state in which the same shall be, for
the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock yards, and other needful
buildings; and

To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying
into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this
constitution in the government of the United States, or in any department
or officer thereof.

Sec. 9. The migration or importation of such persons as any of the
states now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by
the congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but
a tax of duty may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten
dollars for each person.

The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall hot be suspended, unless
when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it.

No bill of attainder or ex -post facto law shall be passed.

No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, unless in proportion to
the census or enumeration hereinbefore directed to be taken.

No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any state.

No preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce or rev-
enue to the ports of one state over those of another; nor shall vessels
bound to or from one state be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in
another.

No money shall be drawn from the treasury, but in consequence of
appropriations made by law ; and a regular statement and account of the
receipts and expenditures of all public money shall be published from
time to time.

No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States; and no per-
son holding any office of profit or trust under them, shall, without the
consent of the congress, accept of any present, emolument, office, or title
of any kind whatever, from any king, prince or foreign state.

Sec. 10. No state shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation;
grant letters of marque and reprisal; coin money: emit bills of credit;
make anything but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts;
pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the obliga-
tion of contracts, or grant any title of nobility.

No state shall, without the consent of the congress, lay any imposts or
duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary
for executing its inspection laws, and the net produce of all duties and
imposts laid by any state on imports or exports, shall be for the use of the
treasury of the United States; and all such laws shall be subject to the
revision and control of the congress.

No state shall, without the consent of congress, lay any duty on tonnage,

CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 117

keep troops or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any agreement
or compact with another state, or with a foreign power, or engage in
war, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger as will not admit
of delay.

ARTICLE II.

Section 1. The executive power shall be vested in a president of the
United States of America. Fie shall hold his office during the term of
four years, and, together with the vice-president chosen tor the same term,
be elected as follows:

Each state shall appoint, in such manner as the legislature thereof may
direct, a number of electors, equal to the whole number of senators and
representatives to which the state may be entitled in the congress; but no
senator or representative, or person holding an office of trust or profit
under the United States shall be appointed an elector.

[*The electors shall meet in their respective states and vote by ballot
for two persons, of whom one at least shall not be an inhabitant of the
same state with themselves. And they shall make a list of all the persons
voted for, and of the number of votes for each; which list they shall sign
and certify, and transmit, sealed, to the seat of government of the United
States, directed to the president of the senate. The president of the sen-
ate shall, in the presence of the senate and house of representatives, open
all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person hav-
ing the greatest number of votes shall be the president, if such number be
a majority of the whole number of electors appointed: and if there be
more than one who have such majority, and have an equal number of
votes, then the house of representatives shall immediately choose by bal-
lot, one of them for president; and if no person have a majority, then from
the five highest on the list the said house shall in like manner choose the
president. But, in choosing the president, the vote shall be taken by states,
the representation from each state having one vote; a quorum for this
purpose shall consist of a member, or members, from two-thirds of the
states, and a majority of all the states shali be necessary to a choice. In
every case, after the choice of the president, the person having the great-
est number of votes of the electors shall be the vice-president. But if
there should remain two or more who have equal votes, the senate shall
choose from them, by ballot, the vice-president.]

The congress may determine the time of choosing the electors, and the
day on which they shall give their votes, which day shall be the same
throughout the United States.

No person except a natural-born citizen, or a citizen of the United
States at thettime of the adoption of this constitution, shall be eligible to
the office of president; neither shall any person be eligible to that office
who shall not have attained the age of thirty-five years, and been fourteen
years a resident within the United States.

In case of the removal of the president from office, or of his death, res-
ignation, or inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said office,
the same shall devolve on the vice-president, and the congress may by law
provide for the case of removal, death, resignation, or inability, both of
the president and vice-president, declaring what officer shall then act as

*This clause between brackets ha? been superseded and annulled by the twelfth amend-
ment.

IIS ' CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.

president, and such officer shall act accordingly, until the disability be
removed, or a president shall be elected.

The president shall, at stated times, receive for his services a compen-
sation, which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the period
for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive during that
period any other emolument from the United States, or any of them.

Before he enters upon the execution of his office he shall take the fol-
lowing oath, or affirmation :

"I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office
of president of the United States, and will, to the best of my ability, pre-
serve, protect, and defend the constitution of the United States."

Sec. 2. The president shall be commander-in-chief of the army and
navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several states, when
called into the actual service of the United States; he may require the
opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of the executive depart-
ments, upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices,
and he shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offenses against
the United States, except in cases of impeachment.

He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the senate,
to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the senators present concur; and
he shall nominate, and by and with the advice of the senate, shall appoint
embassadors, other public ministers and consuls, judges of the supreme
court, and all other officers of the United States whose appointments are
not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by law;
but the congress may, by law, vest the appointment of such inferior officers
as they think proper in the president alone, in the courts of law, or in the
heads of departments.

The president shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may happen
during the recess of ihe senate, by granting commissions which shall
expire at the end of their next session.

Sec. 3. He shall, from time to time, give to the congress information
of the state of the union, and recommend to their consideration such
measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient; he may, on extraor-
dinary occasions, convene both houses, or either of them, and in case of
disagreement between them, with respect to the time of adjournment, he
may adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper; he shall receive
embassadors and other public ministers; he shall take care that the laws be
faithfully executed, and shall commission all the officers of the United States.

Sec. 4. The president, vice-president and all civil officers of the United
States, shall be removed from office on impeachment for, and conviction of,
treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors.

ARTICLE III.

Section 1. The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in
one supreme court, and in such inferior courts as the congress may from
time to time ordain and establish. The judges, both of the supreme and
inferior courts, shall hold their office during good behavior, and shall, at
stated times, receive for their services a compensation, which shall not be
diminished during their continuance in office.

Sec. 2. The judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and equity,
arising under this constitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties
made, or which shall be made, under their authority; to all cases affecting

CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 119

embassadors, other public ministers and consuls; to all cases of admiralty
and maritime jurisdiction; to controversies to which the United States shall
be a party; to controversies between two or more states; between a state
and citizens of another state; between citizens of different states; between
citizens of the same state claiming lands under grants of different states;
and between a state or the citizens thereof, and foreign states, citizens or
subjects.

In all cases affecting embassadors, other public ministers, and consuls,
and those in which a state shall be a party, the supreme court shall have
original jurisdiction.

In all the other cases before mentioned, the supreme court shall have
appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions and
under such regulations as the congress shall make.

The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be by jury;
and such trial shall be held in the state where the said crimes shall have
been committed; but when not committed within any state, the trial shall
be at such place or places as the congress may by law have directed.

Sec. 3. Treason against the United States shall consist only in levying
war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and
comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony
of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open court.

The congress shall have power to declare the punishment of treason,
but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture,
except during the life of the person attainted.

ARTICLE IV.

Section 1. Full faith and credit shall be given in each state to the
public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state. And
the congress may, by general laws, prescribe the manner in which such
acts, records, and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof.

Sec. 2. The citizens of each state shall be entitled to all privileges and
immunities of citizens in the several states.

A person charged in any state with treason, felony, or other crime, who
shall flee from justice and be found in another state, shall, on demand of
the executive authority of the state from which he fled, be delivered up, to
be removed to the state having jurisdiction of the crime.

No person held to service or labor in one state, under the laws thereof,
escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation
therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered
up on claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due.

Sec. 3. New states may be admitted by congress into this Union; but
no new state shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any
other state; nor any state be formed by the junction of two or more
states, or parts of states, without the consent of the legislatures of the
states concerned, as well as of the congress.

The congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needful rules
and regulations respecting the territory or other property belonging to
the United States; and nothing in this constitution shall be so construed as
to prejudice any claims of the United States or of any particular state.

Sec. 4. The United States shall guarantee to every state in this union
a republican form of government, and shall protect each of them against
invasion, and on application of the legislature, or of the executive (when
the legislature can not be convened), against domestic violence.

120

CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.

ARTICLE V.

The congress, whenever two-thirds of both houses shall deem it neces-
sary, shall propose amendments to this constitution, or, on the application
of the legislatures of two-thirds of the several states shall call a conven-
tion for proposing amendments, which, in either case shall be valid to all
intents and purposes as part of this constitution, when ratified by the leg-
islatures of three-fourths of the several states, or by conventions in three-
fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratification may be pro-
posed by the congress. Provided, that no amendment which may be
made prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any
manner affect the first and fourth clauses in the ninth section of the first
article; and that no state, without its consent, shall be deprived of its equal
suffrage in the senate.

ARTICLE VI.

All debts contracted and engagements entered into before the adoption
of this constitution shall be as valid against the United States under this
constitution as under the confederation.

This constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be
made in pursuance thereof, and all treaties made, or which shall be made,
under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the
land; and the judges in every state shall be bound thereby, anvthing in
the constitution or laws of any state to the contrary notwithstanding.

The senators and representatives before mentioned, and the members of
the several state legislatures, and all executive and judicial officers, both
of the United States and of the several states, shall be bound by oath or
affirmation to support this constitution; but no religious test shall ever be
required as a qualification to any office or public trust under the United
States.

ARTICLE VII.

The ratification of the conventions of nine states shall be sufficient for
the establishment of this constitution between the states so ratifying the
same.

Done in convention by the unanimous consent of the states present, the seventeenth day of
September, in the year of our Lord, one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven, and
of the independence of the United States of America, the twelfth. In witness whereof we
have hereunto subscribed our names.

GEORGE WASHINGTON,

President, and Deputy from Virginia.

New Hampshire.
John Langdon,
Nicholas Oilman.

Massachusetts.
Nathaniel Gorham,
Rufus King.

Connecticut.
Wm. Samuel Johnson,
Roger Sherman.

New York.
Alexander Hamilton.

New Jersey.
Wil. Livingston,
Wm. Patterson,
David Brearley,
Jona. Dayton.

Delaware.
George Reed,
John Dickinson,
Jacob Broom,
Gunning Bedford, Jr.,
Richard Bassett.

Maryland.
James M'Henry,
Danl. Carroll,
Dan. of St. Tiios. Jenifer.

Virginia.
John Blair,
James Madison, Jr.

North Carolina.
Wm. Blount.
Hu. Williamson,
Richard Dobbs Spaight.

Pennsylvania.
B. Franklin,
Robt. Morris,
Thos. Fitzsimons,
James Wilson,
Thos. Mifflin,
Geowge Clymer,

JARED InOFRSOLL,

Gou.v. Morris.

South Carolina.

J. RUTLEDGE,

Charles PmcKNEY,

Chas. Cotesworth Pinckney

Pierce Butler.

Georgia.
Wm. Few,
Abr. Baldwin.

WILLIAM JACKSON, Secretary.

amendments to the constitution. 121

Articles in Addition to and Amendatory of the Constitution
of the United States of America.

Proposed by Congress and Ratified by the Legislatures of the several
States -pursuant to the fifth article of the original Constitution.

ARTICLE I.

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or
prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech,
or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to
petition the government for a redress of grievances.

ARTICLE II.

A well regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free state,
the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed.

ARTICLE III.

No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without
the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be pre-
scribed by law.

ARTICLE IV.

The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers,
and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be vio-
lated, and no warrants shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by
oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched
and the persons or things*to be seized.

ARTICLE V.

No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous
crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in
cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia when in actual
service in time of war or public danger: nor shall any person be subject
for the same offense, to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall
be compelled, in any criminal case, to be a witness against himself, nor be
deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor
shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.

ARTICLE VI.

In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy
and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the
crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously
ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the
accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have com-
pulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor; and to have the assist-
ance of counsel for his defense.

ARTICLE VII.

In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed
twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact
tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the United
•States than according to the rules of the common law.

122 AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION.

ARTICLE VIII.

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor
cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

ARTICLE IX.

The enumeration, in the constitution, of certain rights, shall not be con-
strued to deny or disparage others retained by the people.

ARTICLE X.

The powers not delegated to the United States by the constitution, nor
prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to
the people.

ARTICLE XI.

The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend
to any suit in law or equity commenced or prosecuted against one of the
United States by citizens of another state, or by citizens or subjects of any
foreign state.

ARTICLE XII.

Sec 1. The electors shall meet in their respective states and vote by ballot
for president and vice-president, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhab-
itant of the same state with themselves; they shall name in their ballots
the person to be voted for as president, and in distinct ballots the person
voted for as vice-president, and they shall make distinct lists of all persons
voted for as president, and of all persons voted for as vice-president, and
of the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and
transmit, sealed, to the seat of the government of the United States,
directed to the president of the senate. The president of the senate shall,.
in presence of the senate and house of representatives, open all the certifi-
cates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person having the great-
est number of votes for president shall be the president, if such number
be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed; and if no person
have such majorit}', then from the persons having the highest numbers not
exceeding three on the list of those voted for as president, the house of
representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the president. But in
choosing the president, the votes shall be taken by states, the representa-
tives from each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall con-
sist of a member or members from two-thirds of the states, and a majority
of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. And if the house of rep-
resentatives shall not choose a president whenever the right of choice
shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following,
then the vice-president shall act as president, as in the case of the death or
other constitutional disability of the president. The person haying the
greatest number of votes as vice-president shall be the vice-president, if
such number be the majority of the whole number of electors appointed
and if no person have a majority, then from the two highest numbers on
the list the senate shall choose the vice-president; a quorum for that pur-
pose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of senators, and a
majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no
person constitutionally ineligible to the office of president shall be eligible
to that of vice-president of the United States.

AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION. 123

ARTICLE XIII.

Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a pun-
ishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted,,
shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their juris-
diction.

Sec 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropri-
ate legislation.

ARTICLE XIV.

Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and
subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States, and of
the state wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law
which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United
States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property,
without due process of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction
the equal protection of the law.

Sec 2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several states
according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of per-
sons in each state, excluding Indians not taxed ; but when the right to vote
at any election for the choice of electors for president and vice-president
of the United States, representatives in congress, the executive and judi-
cial officers of a state, or the members of the legislature thereof, is denied
to any of the male inhabitants of such state, being twenty-one years of
age and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged except for
participation in rebellion or other crime, the basis of representation therein
shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens
shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age
in such state.

Sec 3. No person shall be a senator or representative in congress, or
elector of president and vice-president, or hold any office, civil or military,
under the United States, or under any state, who, having previously taken
an oath as. a member of congress, or as an officer of the United States, or
as a member of any state legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer
of any state to support the constitution of the United States, shall have
engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or
comfort to the enemies thereof. But congress may, by a vote of two-
thirds of each house, remove such disability.

Sec 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States author-
ized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and boun-
ties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be
questioned. But neither the United States nor any state shall assume or
pay any debt or obligation incurred in the aid of insurrection or rebellion
against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of
any slave; but all such debts, obligations and claims shall be held illegal
and void.

Sec 5. The congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate
legislation, the provisions of this article.

ARTICLE XV.

Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall
not be denied or abridged by the United States, or by any state, on
account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

Sec 2. The congress shall have power to enforce this article by appro-
priate legislation.

Constitution of the State of Missouri,

ADOPTED BY A VOTE OP THE PEOPLE, OCTOBER 30, 1875. WENT INTO OPERATION

NOVEMBER 30, 1875.

PREAMBLE.

We, the people of Missouri, with profound reverence for the Supreme
Ruler of the Universe, and grateful for his goodness, do, for the better
government of the state, establish this constitution.

ARTICLE I.— BOUNDARIES.

Section 1. The boundaries of the state as heretofore established by
law, are hereby ratified and confirmed. The state shall hare concurrent
jurisdiction on the river Mississippi, and every other river bordering on the
state, so far as the said rivers shall form a common boundary to this state
and any other state or states; and the river Mississippi and the navigable
rivers and waters leading to the same, shall be common highways, and
forever free to the citizens of this state and of the United States, without
any tax, duty, import or toll therefor, imposed by this state.

ARTICLE II. — BILL OP RIGHTS.

In order to assert our rights, acknowledge our duties, and proclaim the
principles on which our government is founded, we declare:

Section 1. That all political power is vested in, and derived from the
people; that all government of right originates from the people, is founded
upon their will onlv, and is instituted solely for the good of the whole.

Sec. 2. That the people of this state have the inherent, sole and exclu-
sive right to regulate the internal government and police thereof, and to
alter and abolish their constitution and form of government whenever
they may deem it necessary to their safety and happiness: Provided,
Such change be not repugnant to the constitution of the United States.

Sec. 3. That Missouri is a free and independent state, subject only to
the constitution of the United States; and as the preservation of the
states and the maintenance of their governments, are necessarv to an
indestructible Union, and were intended to co-exist with it, the legislature
is not authorized to adopt, nor will the people of this state ever assent to
any amendment or change of the constitution of the United States which
may in any wise impair the right of local self-government belonging to
the people of this state.

Sec. 4. That all constitutional government is intended to promote the
general welfare of the people ; that all persons have a natural right to life,
liberty and the enjoyment of the gains of their own industry; that to give
security to these things is the principal office of government, and that
when government does not confer this security, it fails of its chief design.

Sec. 5. That all men have a natural and indefeasible right to worship
Almighty God according to the dictates of their own conscience; that no

(124)

CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI. 125

person can, on account of his religious opinions, be rendered ineligible to
any office of trust or profit under this state, nor be disqualified from testi-
fying, or from serving as a juror; that no human authority can control or
interfere with the rights of conscience; that no person ought, by anv law,
to be molested in his person or estate, on account of his religious persua-
sion or profession; but the liberty of conscience hereby secured, shall not
be so construed as to excuse acts of licentiousness, nor to justify practices
inconsistent with the good order, peace or safety of this state, or with the
rights of others.

Sec. 6. That no person can be compelled to erect, support or attend
any place or system of worship, or to maintain or support any priest, min-
ister, preacher or teacher of any sect, church, creed or denomination of re-
ligion; but if any person shall voluntarily make a contract for any such
object, he shall be held to the performance of the same.

Sec. 7. That no money shall ever be taken from the public treasury,
directly or indirectly, in aid of any church, sect or denomination of religion,
or in aid of any priest, preacher, minister or teacher thereof, as such; and
that no preference shall be given to, nor any discrimination made against
any church, sect or creed of religion, or any form of religious faith or wor-
ship.

Sec. 8. That no religious corporation can be established in this state,,
except such as may be created under a general law for the purpose only
of holding the title to such real estate as may be prescribed by law for
church edifices, parsonages and cemeteries.

Sec. 9. That all elections shall be free and open ; and no power, civil
or military, shall at any time interfere to prevent the free exercise of the
right of suffrage.

Sec. 10. The courts of justice shall be open to every person, and cer-
tain remedy afforded for every injury to person, property or character,
and that right and justice should be administered without sale, denial or
delay.

Sec. 11. That the people shall be secure in their persons, papers,
homes and effects, from unreasonable searches and seizures; and no war-
rant to search any place, or seize any person or thing, shall issue without
describing the place to be searched, or the person or thing to be seized, as
nearly as may be; nor without probable cause, supported by oath or affir-
mation reduced to writing.

Sec. 12. That no person shall, for felony, be proceeded against crimi-
nally otherwise than by indictment, except in cases arising in the land or
naval forces, or in the militia when in actual service in time of war or pub-
lic danger; in all other cases, offenses shall be prosecuted criminally by in-
dictment or information as concurrent remedies.

Sec. 13. That treason against the state can consist only in levying
war against it, or in adhering to its enemies, giving them aid and comfort;
that no person can be convicted of treason, unless on the testimony of two
witnesses to the same overt act, or on his confession in open court; that
no person can be attainted of treason or felony by the general assembly;
that no conviction can work corruption of blood or forfeiture of estate;
that the estates of such persons as may destroy their own lives shall
descend or vest as in cases of natural death; and when any person shall
be killed by casualty, there shall be no forfeiture by reason thereof.

Sec. 14. That no law shall be passed impairing the freedom of speech;

126 CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI.

that every person shall be free to say, write or publish whatever he will
on any subject, being responsible for all abuse of that liberty; and that in
all suits and prosecutions for libel, the truth thereof may be given in evi-
dence, and the jury, under the direction of the court, shall determine the
law and the fact.

Sec. 15. That no ex -post facto law, nor law impairing the obligation
of contracts, or retrospective in its operation, or making any irrevocable
grant of special privileges or immunities, can be passed by the general
assembly.

Sec. 16. That imprisonment for debt shall not be allowed, except for
the nonpayment of fines and penalties imposed for violation of law.

Sec. 17. That the right of no citizen to keep and bear arms in defense
of his home, person and property, or in aid of the civil power, when thereto
legally summoned, shall be called in question; but nothing herein con-
tained is intended to justify the practice of wearing concealed weapons.

Sec. 18. That no person elected or appointed to any office or employ-
ment of trust or profit under the laws of this state, or any ordinance of
any municipality in this state, shall hold such office without personally
devoting his time to the performance of the duties to the same belonging.

Sec. 19. That no person who is now, or may hereafter become a col-
lector or receiver of public money, or assistant or deputy of such collector
or receiver, shall be eligible to any office of trust or profit in the state of
Missouri under the laws thereof, or of any municipality therein, until he
shall have accounted for and paid overall the public money for which he
may be accountable.

Sec. 20. That no private property can be taken for private use with or
without compensation, unless by the consent of the owner, except for pri-
vate ways of necessity, and except for drains and ditches across the lands
of others for agricultural and sanitary purposes, in such manner as may be
prescribed by law; and that whenever an attempt is made to take private
property for a use alleged to be public, the question whether the contem-
plated use be really public shall be a judicial question, and as such, judi-
cially determined, without regard to any legislative assertion that the use
is public.

Sec. 21. That private property shall not be taken or damaged for pub-
lic use without just compensation. Such compensation shall be ascer-
tained by a jury or board of commissioners of not less than three free-
holders, in such manner as may be prescribed by law; and until the same
shall be paid to the owner, or into court for the owner, the property shall
not be disturbed, or the proprietary rights of the owner therein divested.
The fee of land taken for railroad tracts without consent of the owner
thereof, shall remain in such owner, subject to the use for which it is
taken.

Sec. 22. In criminal prosecutions the accused shall have the right to
appear and defend, in person, and by counsel; to demand the nature and
cause of the accusation; to meet the witnesses against him face to face; to
have process to compel the attendance of witnesses in his behalf, and a
speedy, public trial by an impartial jury of the county.

Sec. 23. That no person shall be compelled to testify against himself
in a criminal cause, nor shall any person, after being once acquitted by a
jury, be again, for the same offense, put in jeopardy of life or liberty; but
if the jury to which the question of his guilt or innocence is submitted

CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI. 127

fail to render a verdict, the court before which the trial is had may, in its
discretion, discharge the jury and commit or bail the prisoner for trial at
the next term of court, or if the state of business will permit, at the same
term ; and if judgment be arrested after a verdict of guilty on a defective
indictment, or if judgment on a verdict of guilty be reversed for error in
law, nothing herein contained shall prevent a new trial of the prisoner on
a proper indictment, or according to correct principles of law.

Sec. 24. That all persons shall be bailable by sufficient sureties, ex-
cept for capital offenses, when the proof is evident or the presumption great.

Sec. 25. That excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines
imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishment inflicted.

Sec. 26. That the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall never
be suspended.

Sec. 27. That the military shall always be in strict subordination to
the civil power; that no soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any
house without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, except in the
manner prescribed by law.

Sec. 28. The right of trial by jury, as heretofore enjoyed, shall remain
inviolate; but a jury for the trial of criminal or civil cases, in courts not of
record, may consist of less than twelve men, as maybe prescribed by law.
Hereafter, a grand jury shall consist of twelve men, any nine of whom
concurring may find an indictment or a true bill.

Sec. 29. That the people have the right peaceably to assemble for
their common good, and to apply to those invested with the powers of gov-
ernment for redress of grievances by petition or remonstrance.

Sec. 30. That no person shall be deprived of life, liberty or property
without due process of law.

Sec. 31. That there cannot be in this state either slavery or involun-
tary servitude, except as a punishment for crime, whereof the party shall
have been duly convicted.

Sec. 32. The enumeration in this constitution of certain rights shall
not be construed to deny, impair, or disparage others retained by the
people.

ARTICLE III. — THE DISTRIBUTION' OF POWERS.

The powers of government shall be divided into three distinct depart-
ments— the legislative, executive, and judicial — each of which shall be con-
fided to a separate magistracy and no person, or collection of persons,
charged with the exercise of powers properly belonging to one of those
departments, shall exercise any power properly belonging to either of the
others, except in the instances in this constitution expressly directed or
permitted.

ARTICLE IV.— LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT.

Section 1. The legislative power, subject to the limitations herein
contained, shall be vested in a senate and house of representatives, to be
styled "The General Assembly of the State of Missouri."

representation and apportionment.

Sec. 2. The house of representatives shall consist of members to be
chosen every second year by the qualified voters of the several counties,
and apportioned in the following manner: The ratio of representation shall
be ascertained at each apportioning session of the general assembly, by

128 CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI.

dividing the whole number of inhabitants of the state, as ascertained by
the last decennial census of the United States, by the number two hun-
dred. Each county having one ratio, or less, shall be entitled to one rep-
resentative; each county having two and a half times said ratio, shall be
entitled to two representatives; each county having four times said ratio,
shall be entitled to three representatives; each county having six times
such ratio, shall be entitled to four representatives, and so on above that
number, giving one additional member for every two and a half additional
ratios.

Sec. 3. When any county shall be entitled to more than one repre-
sentative, the county court shall cause such county to be subdivided into
districts of compact and contiguous territory, corresponding in number to
the representatives to which such county is entitled, and in population as
nearly equal as may be, in each of which the qualified voters shall elect
one representative, who shall be a resident of such district: Provided^
That when any county shall be entitled to more than ten representatives,
the circuit court shall cause such county to be subdivided into districts, so
as to give each district not less than two, nor more than four representa-
tives, who shall be residents of such district; the population of the districts to
be proportioned to the number of representatives to be elected therefrom.

Sec. 4. No person shall be a member of the house of representatives
who shall not have attained the age of twenty-four years, who shall not be
a male citizen of the United States, who shall not have been a qualified
voter of this state two years, and an inhabitant of the county or district
which he may be chosen to represent, one year next before the day of his
election, if such county or district shall have been so long established, but
if not, then of the county or district from which the same shall have been
taken, and who shall not have paid a state and county tax within one year
next preceding the election.

Sec. 5. The senate shall consist of thirty-four members, to be chosen
by the qualified voters of their respective districts for four years. For the
election of senators the state shall be divided into convenient districts, as
nearly equal in population as may be, the same to be ascertained by the
last decennial census taken by the United States.

Sec. 6. No person shall be a senator who shall not have attained the
age of thirty years, who shall not be a male citizen of the United States,
who shall not have been a qualified voter of this state three years, and an
inhabitant of the district which he may be chosen to represent one year
next before the day of his election, if such district shall have been so long
established; but if not, then of the district or districts from which the same
shall have been taken, and who shall not have paid a state and county tax-
within one year next preceding the election. When any county shall be
entitled to more than one senator, the circuit court shall cause such county
to be subdivided into districts of compact and contiguous territory, and of
population as nearly equal as may be, corresponding in number with the
senators to which such county may be entitled; and in each of these one
senator, who shall be a resident of such district, shall be elected by the
qualified voters thereof.

Sec. 7. Senators and representatives shall be chosen according to the
rule of apportionment established in this constitution, until the next decen-
nial census by the United States shall have been taken and the result
thereof as to this state ascertained, when the apportionment shall be revised

CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI. 129

and adjusted on the basis of that census, and every ten years there-
after upon the basis of the United States census; or if such census be not
taken, or is delayed, then on the basis of a state census; such apportion-
ment to be macle at the first session of the general assembly after each
such census: Provided, That if at any time, or from any cause, the general
assembly shall fail or refuse to district the state for senators, as required
in this section, it shall be the duty of the governor, secretary of state, and
attorney-general, within thirty days after the adjournment of the general
assembly on which such duty devolved, to perform said duty, and to file in
the office of the secretary of state a full statement of the districts formed
by them, including the names of the counties embraced in each district,
and the numbers thereof; said statement to be signed by them, and
attested by the great seal of the state, and upon the proclamation of the
governor, the same shall be as binding and effectual as if done by the
general assembly.

Sec. 8. Until an apportionment of representatives can be made, in
accordance with the provisions of this article, the house of representa-
tives shall consist of one hundred and forty-three members, which shall be
divided among the several counties of the state, as follows: The county of
St. Louis shall have seventeen; the county of Jackson four; the county of
Buchanan three; the counties of Franklin, Greene, Johnson, Lafayette,
Macon, Marion, Pike, and Saline, each two, and each of the other coun-
ties in the state, one.

Sec 9. Senatorial and representative districts may be altered, from
time to time, as public convenience may require. When any senatorial
district shall be composed.of two or more counties, they shall be contigu-
ous ; such districts to be as compact as may be, and in the formation of
the same no county shall be divided.

Sec 10. The first election of senators and representatives, under this
constitution, shall be held at the general election in the year one thousand
eight hundred and seventy-six, when the whole number of representa-
tives, and the senators from the districts having odd numbers, who shall
compose the first class, shall be chosen; and in one thousand eight hun-
dred and seventy-eight, the senators from the districts having even num-
bers, who shall compose the second class, and so on at each succeeding
general election, half the senators provided for by this constitution shall
be chosen.

Sec 11. Until the state shall be divided into senatorial districts, in
accordance with the provisions of this article, said districts shall be con-
stituted and numbered as follows:

The First District shall be composed of the counties of Andrew, Holt,
Nodaway and Atchison.

Second District — The counties of Buchanan, DeKalb, Gentry and
Worth.

Third District — The counties of Clay, Clinton and Platte.

Fourth District— The counties of Caldwell, Ray, Daviess and Harrison.

Fifth District — The counties of Livingston, Grundy, Mercer and Carroll.

Sixth District — The counties of Linn, Sullivan, Putnam and Chariton.

Seventh District — The counties of Randolph, Howard and Monroe.

Eighth District — The counties of Adair, Macon and Schuyler.

Ninth District — The counties of Audrain, Boone and Callaway.
9

130 CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI.

Tenth District — The counties of St. Charles and Warren.

Eleventh District — The counties of Pike, Lincoln and Montgomery.

Twelfth District — The counties of Lewis, Clark, Scotland and Knox.

Thirteenth District — The counties of Marion, Shelby and Ralls.

Fourteenth District — The counties of Bates, Cass and Henry.

Fifteenth District — The county of Jackson.

Sixteenth District — The counties of Vernon, Barton, Jasper, Newton
and McDonald.

Seventeenth District — The counties of Lafayette and Johnson.

Eighteenth District — The counties of Greene, Lawrence, Barry, Stone
and Christian.

Nineteenth District — The counties of Saline, Pettis and Benton.

Twentieth District — The counties of Polk, Hickory, Dallas, Dade,
Cedar and St. Clair.

Twenty-first District — The counties of Laclede, Webster, Wright,
Texas, Douglas, Taney, Ozark and Howell.

Twenty-second District — The counties of Phelps, Miller, Maries, Cam-
den, Pulaski, Crawford and Dent.

Twenty-third District — The counties of Cape Girardeau, Mississippi,
New Madrid, Pemiscot, Dunklin, Stoddard and Scott.

Twenty-fourth District — The counties of Iron, Madison, Bollinger,
Wayne, Butler, Reynolds, Carter, Ripley, Oregon and Shannon.

Twenty-fifth District — The counties of Franklin, Gasconade and Osage.

Twenty-sixth District- — The counties of Washington, Jefferson, St.
Francois, Ste. Genevieve and Perry.

Twenty-eighth District — The counties of Cooper, Moniteau, Morgan
and Cole.

St. Louis county shall be divided into seven districts, numbered respec-
tively, as follows:

Twe ity-seventh, Twenty-ninth, Thirtieth, Thirty-first, Thirty-second,
Thirty-third and Thirty-fourth.

Sec. 12. No senator or representative shall, during the term for which
he shall have been elected, be appointed to any office under this state, or
any municipality thereof; and no member of congress or person holding
any lucrative office under the United States, or this state, or any munici-
pality thereof, (militia offices, justices of the peace and notaries public
excepted,) shall be eligible to either house of the general assembly, or remain
a member thereof, after having accepted any such office or seat in either
liouse of congress.

Sec. 13. If any senator or representative remove his residence from
the district or county for which he was elected, his office shall thereby be
vacated.

Sec. 14. Writs of election to fill such vacancies as may occur in either
house of the general assembly, shall be issued by the governor.

Sec 15. Every senator and representative elect, before entering upon
the duties of his office, shall take and subscribe the following oath or affirm-
ation: "I do solemnly swear [or affirm] that I will support the constitution
of the United States and of the state of Missouri, and faithfully perform
the duties of my office, and that I will not knowingly receive, directly or
indirectly, any money or other valuable thing, for the performance or
non-performance of any act or duty pertaining to my office, other than the
compensation allowed by law." The oath shall be administered in the

CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI. 131

halls of their respective houses, to the members thereof, by some judge of
the supreme court, or the circuit court, or the county court of Cole
county, or after the organization, by the presiding officer of either house,
and shall be filed in the office of the secretary of state. Any member of
either house refusing to take said oath or affirmation, shall be deemed to
have thereby vacated his office, and any member convicted of having vio-
lated his oath or affirmation, shall be deemed guilty of perjury, and be
forever thereafter disqualified from holding any office of trust or profit in
this state.

Sec. 16. The members of the general assembly shall severally receive
from the public treasury such compensation for their services as may,
from time to time, be provided by law, not to exceed five dollars per day
for the first seventy days of each session, and after that not to exceed one
dollar per day for the remainder of the session, except the first session held
under this constitution, and during revising sessions, when they may re-
ceive five dollars per day for one hundred and twenty days, and one dollar
per day for the remainder of such sessions. In addition to per diem, the
members shall be entitled to receive traveling expenses or mileage, for any
regular and extra session not greater than now provided by law; but no
member shall be entitled to traveling expenses or mileage for any extra
session that may be called within one day after an adjournment of a regu-
lar session. Committees of either house, or joint committees of both
houses, appointed to examine the institutions of the state, other than those
at the seat of government, may receive their actual expenses, necessarily
incurr/d while in the performance of such duty; the items of such ex-
penses to be returned to the chairman of such committee, and by him cer-
tified to the state auditor, before the same, or any part thereof, can be
paid. Each member may receive at each regular session an additional sum
of thirty dollars, which shall be in full for all stationer)'- used in his official
capacity, and all postage, and all other incidental expenses and perquisites ;
and no allowance or emoluments, for any purpose whatever, shall be made
to, or received by the members, or any member of either house, or for their
use, out of the contingent fund or otherwise, except as herein expressly
provided; and no allowance or emolument, for any purpose whatever,
shall ever be paid to any officer, agent, servant or employe of either
house of the general assembly, or of any committee thereof, except such
per diem as may be provided for by law, not to exceed five dollars.

Sec. 17. Each house shall appoint its own officers; shall be sole judge
of the qualifications, election and returns of its own members; may deter-
mine the rules of its own proceedings, except as herein provided ; may
arrest and punish by fine not exceeding three hundred dollars, or imprison-
ment in a county jail not exceeding ten days, or both, any person, not a
member, who shall be guilty of disrespect to the house by any disorderly or
contemptuous behavior in its' presence during its sessions; may punish its
members for disorderly conduct; and with the concurrence of two- thirds
of all members elect, may expel a member; but no member shall be ex-
pelled a second time for the same cause.

Sec 18. A majority of the whole number ot members of each house
shall constitute a quorum to do business; but a smaller number may ad-
journ from day to day, and may compel the attendance of absent members
in such manner and under such penalties as each house may provide.

132 CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI.

Sec. 19. The sessions of each house shall be held with open doors,
except in cases which may require secrecy.

Sec. 20. The general assembly elected in the year one thousand
eight hundred and seventy-six shall meet on the first Wednesday after the
first day of January, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven ; and
thereafter the general assembly shall meet in regular session once only in
every two years ; and such meeting shall be on the first Wednesday after
the first day of January next after the elections of the members thereof.

Sec. 21. Every adjournment or recess taken by the general assembly
for more than three days, shall have the effect of and be an adjournment
sine die.

Sec. 22. Every adjournment or recess taken by the general assembly
for three days or less, shall be construed as not interrupting the session at
which they are had or taken, but as continuing the session for all the pur-
poses mentioned in section sixteen of this article.

Sec. 23. Neither house shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn
for more than two days at any one time, nor to any other place than that
in which the two houses may be sitting.

LEGISLATIVE PROCEEDINGS.

Sec. 24. The style of the laws of this state shall be: "Be it enacted
by the General Assembly of the State of Missouri, as follows .-"

Sec. 25. No law shall be passed, except by bill, and no bill shall be so
amended in its passage through either house, as to change its original
purpose.

Sec. 26. Bills may originate in either house, and may be amended or
rejected by the other; and every bill shall be read on three different days
in each house.

Sec. 27. No bill shall be considered for final passage unless the same
has been reported upon by a committee and printed for the use of the
members.

Sec. 28. No bill (except general appropriation bills, which may em-
brace the various subjects and accounts for and on account of which moneys
are appropriated, and except bills passed under the third subdivision of
section forty-four of this article) shall contain more than one subject, which
shall be clearly expressed in its title.

Sec. 29. All amendments adopted by either house to a bill pending
and originating in the same, shall be incorporated with the bill by engross-
ment, and the bill as thus engrossed, shall be printed for the use of the
members before its final passage. The engrossing and printing shall be
under the supervision of a committee, whose report to the house shall set
forth, in writing, that they find the bill truly engrossed, and that the
printed copy furnished to the members is correct.

Sec. 30. If a bill passed by either house be returned thereto, amended
by the other, the house to which the same 'is returned shall cause the
amendment or amendments so received to be printed under the same super-
vision as provided in the next preceding section, for the use of the mem-
bers before final action on such amendments.

Sec. 31. No bill shall become a law, unless on its final passage the
vote be taken by yeas and nays, the names of the members voting for and
against the same be entered on the journal, and a majority of the members
elected to each house be recorded thereon as voting in its favor.

CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI. 133

Sec. 32. No amendment to bills by one house shall be concurred in
by the other, except by a vote of a majority of the members elected thereto
taken by yeas and nays, and the names of those voting for and against
recorded upon the journal, thereof; and reports of committees of confer-
ence shall be adopted in either house only by the vote of a majority of the
members elected thereto, taken by yeas and nays, and the names of those
voting recorded upon the journal.

Sec. 33. No act shall be revived or re-enacted by mere reference to
the title thereof, but the same shall be set forth at length, as if it were an
original act.

Sec. 34. No act shall be amended by providing that designated words
thereof be stricken out, or that designated words be inserted, or that desig-
nated words be stricken out and others inserted in lieu thereof; but the
words to be stricken out, or the words to be inserted, or the words to be
stricken out and those inserted in lieu thereof, together with the act or
section amended, shall be set forth in full, as amended.

Sec. 35. When a bill is put upon its final passage in either house, and,
failing to pass, a motion is made to reconsider the vote by which it was
defeated, the vote upon such motion to reconsider shall be immediately
taken, and the subject finally disposed of before the house proceeds to any
other business.

Sec. 36. No law passed by the general assembly, except the general
appropriation act, shall take effect or go into force until ninety days after
the adjournment of the session at which it was enacted, unless in case of
an emergency, (which emergency must be expressed in the preamble or in
the body of the act), the general assembly shall, by a vote of two-thirds
of all the members elected to each house, otherwise direct; said vote to be
taken by yeas and nays, and entered upon the journal.

Sec. 37. No bill shall become a law until the same shall have been
signed by the presiding officer of each of the two houses, in open session;
and before such officer shall affix his signature to any bill, he shall suspend
all other business, declare that such bill will now be read, and that, if no
objections be made, he will sign the same, to the end that it may become a
law. The bill shall then be read at length, and if no objections be made,
he shall, in presence of the house, in open session, and before any other
business is entertained, affix his signature, which fact shall be noted on the
journal, and the bill immediately sent to the other house. When it reaches
the other house the presiding officer thereof shall immediately suspend all
other business, announce the reception of the bill, and the same proceedings
shall thereupon be observed, in every respect, as in the house in which it
was first signed. If in either house any member shall object that any sub-
stitution, omission, or insertion has occurred, so that the bill proposed to be
signed is not the same in substance and form as when considered and
passed by the house, or that any particular clause of this article of the
constitution has been violated in its passage, such objection shall be passed
upon by the house, and if sustained, the presiding officer shall withhold his
signature; but if such objection shall not be sustained, then any five mem-
bers may embody the same, over their signatures, in a written protest,
under oath, against the signing of the bill. Such protest, when offered in
the house, shall be noted upon the journal, and the original shall be an-
nexed to the bill to be considered by the governor in connection therewith.

Sec. 38. When the bill has been signed, as provided for in the preced-

134 CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI.

ing section, it shall be the duty of the secretary of the senate, if the bill
originated in the senate, and of the chief clerk of the house of representa-
tives, if the bill originated in the house, to present the same in person, on
the same clay on which it was signed as aforesaid, to the governor,
and enter the fact upon the journal. Every bill presented to the governor,
and returned within ten days to the house in which the same originated,
with the approval of the governor, shall become a law, unless it be in vio-
lation of some provision of this constitution.

Sec. 39. Every bill presented as aforesaid, but returned without the
approval of the governor, and with his objections thereto, shall stand as
reconsidered in the house to which it is returned. The house shall cause
the objections of the governor to be entered at large upon the journal, and
proceed, at its convenience, to consider the question pending, which shall
be in this form: "Shall the bill pass, the objections of the governor thereto
notwithstanding?" The vote upon this question shall be taken by yeas
and nays, and the names entered upon the journal, and if two-thirds of all
the members elected to the house vote in the affirmative, the presiding
officer of that house shall certify that fact on the roll, attesting the same
by his signature, and send the bill, with the objections of the governor, to
the other house, in which like proceedings shall be had in relation thereto;
and if the bill receive a like majority of the votes of all the members elected
to that house, the vote being taken by yeas and nays, the presiding officer
thereof shall, in like manner, certify the fact upon the bill. The bill thus
certified shall be deposited in the office of the secretary of state, as an au-
thentic act, and shall become a law in the same manner and with like effect
as if it had received the approval of the governor.

Sec. 40. Whenever the governor shall fail to perform his duty, as pre-
scribed in section twelve, article V, of this constitution, in relation to any
bill presented to him for his approval, the general assembly may, by joint
resolution, reciting the fact of such failure and the bill at length, direct the
secretary of state to enrol the same as an authentic act in the archives of
the state, and such enrollment shall have the same effect as an approval by
the governor: Provided, That such joint resolution shall not be submit-
ted to the governor for his approval.

Sec. 41 . Within five years after the adoption of this constitution all
the statute laws of a general nature, both civil and criminal, shall be re-
vised, digested, and promulgated in such manner as the general assembly
shall direct; and a like revision, digest, and promulgation shall be made
at the expiration of every subsequent period of ten years.

Sec. 42. Each house shall, from time to time, publish a journal of its
proceedings, and the yeas and nays on any question shall be taken and
entered on the journal at the motion of any two members. Whenever the
yeas and nays are demanded, the whole list of members shall be called,
and the names of the absentees shall be noted and published in the journal.

LIMITATION ON LEGISLATIVE POWER.

Sec. 43. All revenue collected and moneys received by the state from
any source whatsoever, shall go into the treasury, and the general assem-
bly shall have no power to divert the same, or to permit money to be drawn
from the treasury, except in pursuance of regular appropriations made by-
law. All appropriations of money by the successive general assemblies
shall be made in the following order:

CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI. 135

First, For the payment of all interest upon the bonded debt of the
state that may become due during the term for which each general
assembly is elected.

Second, For the benefit of the sinking fund, which shall not be less an-
nually than two hundred and fifty thousand dollars.

Third, For free public school purposes.

Fourth, For the payment of the cost of assessing and collecting the
revenue.

Fifth, For the payment of the civil list.

Sixth, For the support of the eleemosynary institutions of the state.

Seventh, For the pay of the general assembly, and such other purposes
not herein prohibited, as it may deem necessary; but no general assembly
shall have power to make any appropriation of money for any purpose
whatsoever, until the respective sums necessary for the purposes in this
section specified have been set apart and appropriated, or to give pri-
ority in its action to a succeeding over a preceding item as above enumer-
ated.

Sec. 44. The general assembly shall have no power to contract or to
authorize the contracting of any debt or liability on behalf of the state, or
to issue bonds or other evidences of indebtedness thereof, except in the
following cases:

First, In renewal of existing bonds, when they cannot be paid at matu-
rity, out of the sinking fund or other resources.

Second, On the occurring of an unforeseen emergency, or casual defi-
ciency of the revenue when the temporary liability incurred, upon the rec-
ommendation of the governor first had, shall not exceed the sum of two
hundred and fifty thousand dollars for anv one year, to be paid in not
more than two years from and after its creation.

Third, On the occurring of any unforeseen emergency or casual defi-
ciency of the revenue, when the temporary liability incurred or to be incur-
red shall exceed the sum of two hundred and fifty thousand dollars for
any one year, the general assembly may submit an act providing for the
loan, or lor the contracting of the liability, and containing a provision for
levying a tax sufficient to pay the interest and principal when they become
due, (the latter in not more than thirteen years from the date of its crea-
tion) to the qualified voters of the state, and when the act so submitted
shall have been ratified by a two-thirds majority, at an election held for
that purpose, due publication having been made of the provisions of the
act for at least three months before such election, the act thus ratified
shall be irrepealable until the debt thereby incurred shall be paid, princi-
pal and interest.

Sec. 45. The general assembly shall have no power to give or to lend,
or to authorize the giving or lending of the credit of the state in aid of or
to any person, association or corporation, whether municipal or other, or to
pledge the credit of the state in any manner whatsoever, for the payment
of the liabilities, present or prospective, of any individual, association of
individuals, municipal or other corporation whatsoever.

Sec. 46. The general assembly shall have no power to make any
Errant, or to authorize the making of any grant of public money or thing of
v^alue to any individual, association of individuals, municipal or other cor-
poration whatsoever: Provided, That this shall not be sO construed as to
prevent the grant of aid in a case of public calamity.

136 CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI.

Sec. 47. The general assembly shall have no power to authorize any
county, city, town or township, or other political corporation or subdivision
of the state now existing, or that may be hereafter established, to lend its
credit, or to grant public money or thing of value in aid of, or to any indi-
vidual, association or corporation whatsoever, or to become a stockholder
in such corporation, association or company.

Sec 48. The general assembly shall have no power to grant, or to
authorize any county or municipal authority to grant any extra compensa-
tion, fee or allowance to a public officer, agent, servant or contractor, after
service has been rendered or a contract has been entered into and per-
formed in whole or in part, nor pay nor authorize the payment of any claim
hereafter created against the state, or any county or municipality of the
state under any agreement or contract made without express authority of
law ; and all such unauthorized agreements or contracts shall be null and
void.

Sec 49. The general assembly shall have no power hereafter to sub-
scribe or authorize the subscription of stock on behalf of the state, in any
corporation or association except for the purpose of securing loans hereto-
fore extended to certain railroad corporations by the state.

Sec 50. The general assembly shall have no power to release or
alienate the lien held by the state upon any railroad, or in anywise change
the tenor or meaning, or pass any act explanatory thereof; but the same
shall be enforced in accordance with the original terms upon which it was
acquired.

Sec 51. The general assembly shall have no power to release or ex-
tinguish, or authorize the releasing or extinguishing, in whole or in part,
the indebtedness, liability or obligation of any corporation or individual, to
this state, or to any county or other municipal corporation therein.

Sec 52. The general assembly shall have no power to make any ap-
propriation of money, or to issue any bonds or other evidences of indebted-
ness for the payment, or on account, or in recognition of any claims audited,
or that may hereafter be audited by virtue of an act entitled " An act to
audit and adjust the war debt of the state, " approved March 19, 1874, or any
act of a similar nature, until after the claims so audited shall have been
presented to and paid by the government of the United States to the state
of Missouri.

Sec 53. The general assembly shall not pass any local or special law:

Authorizing the creation, extension or impairing of liens:

Regulating the affairs of counties, cities, townships, wards or school
districts:

Changing the names of persons or places:

Changing the venue in civil or criminal cases:

Authorizing the laying out, opening, altering or maintaining roads,
highways, streets or alleys:

Relating to ferries or bridges, or incorporating ferry or bridge compa-
nies, except for the erection of bridges crossing streams which form
boundaries between this and any other state:

Vacating roads, town plats, streets or alleys:

Relating to cemeteries, grave yards or public grounds not of the state:

Authorizing the adoption or legitimation of children:

Locating or changing county seats:

Incorporating cities, towns or villages, or changing their charters:

CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI. 137

For the opening and conducting of elections, or fixing or changing the
places of voting:

Granting divorces:

Erecting new townships, or changing township lines, or the lines of
school districts:

Creating offices, or prescribing the powers and duties of officers in
counties, cities, townships, election or school districts:

Changing the law of descent or succession:

Regulating the practice or jurisdiction of, or changing the rules of evi-
dence in any judicial proceeding or inquiry before courts, justices of the
peace, sheriffs, commissioners, arbitrators or other tribunals, or providing
or changing methods for the collection of debts, or the enforcing of judg-
ments, or prescribing the effect of judicial sales of real estate:

Regulating the fees or extending the powers and duties of aldermen,
justices of the peace, magistrates or constables:

Regulating the management of public schools, the building or repairing
of school houses, and the raising of money for such purposes:

Fixing the rate of interest:

Affecting the estates of minors or persons under disability:

Remitting fines, penalties and forfeitures, or refunding moneys legally
paid into the treasury:

Exempting property from taxation:

Regulating labor, trade, mining or manufacturing:

Creating corporations, or amending, renewing, extending or explaining
the charter thereof:

Granting to any corporation, association or individual any special or
exclusive right, privilege or immunity, or to any corporation, association or
individual, the right to lay down a railroad track:

Declaring any named person of age:

Extending- the time for the assessment or collection of taxes, or other-
wise relieving any assessor or collector of taxes from the due performance
of their official duties, or their securities from liability:

Giving effect to informal or invalid wills or deeds:

Summoning or empanneling grand or petit juries:

For limitation of civil actions:

Legalizing the unauthorized or invalid acts of any officer or agent of
the state, or of any county or municipality thereof. In all othei cases
where a general law can be made applicable, no local or special law shall
be enacted; and whether a general law could have been made applicable
in any case, is hereby declared a judicial question, and as such shall be ju-
dicially determined without regard to any legislative assertion on that
subject.

Nor shall the general assembly indirectly enact such special or local
law by the partial repeal of a general law ; but lawrs repealing local or
special acts may be passed.

Sec 5i. No local or special law shall be passed unless notice of the
intention to apply therefor shall have been published in the locality where
the matter or thing to be affected may be situated, which notice shall state
the substance of the contemplated law, and shall be published at least
thirty days prior to the introduction into the general assembly of such
bill, and in the manner to be provided by law. The evidence of such
notice having been published, shall be exhibited in the general assembly

138 CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI.

before such act shall be passed, and the notice shall be recited in the act
according to its tenor.

Sec. 55. The general assembly shall have no power, when convened
in extra session by the governor, to act upon subjects other than those
specially designated in the proclamation by which the session is called, or
recommended by special message to its consideration by the governor
after it shall have been convened.

Sec. 56. The general assembly shall have no power to remove the
seat of government of this state from the city of Jefferson.

ARTICLE V.— executive department.

Section 1. The executive department shall consist of a governor,,
lieutenant governor, secretary of state, state auditor, state treasurer,
attorney general and superintendent of public schools, all of whom, except
the lieutenant governor, shall reside at the seat of government during
their term of office, and keep the public records, books and papers there,,
and shall perform such duties as may be prescribed by law.

Sec. 2. The term of office of the governor, lieutenant governor, sec-
retary of state, state auditor, state treasurer, attorney general and super-
intendent of public schools, shall be four years from the second Monday
of January next after their election, and until their successors are elected
and qualified; and the governor and state treasurer shall be ineligible to
re-election as their own successors. At the general election to be held in
the year one thousand eight hundred and seventy-six, and every four
years thereafter, all of such officers, except the superintendent of public
schools, shall be elected, and the superintendent of public schools shall be
elected at the general election in the year one thousand eight hundred and
seventy-eight, and every four years thereafter.

Sec. 3. The returns of every election for the above named officers
shall be sealed up and transmitted by the returning officers to the secre-
tary of state, directed to the speaker of the house of representatives, who
shall immediately, after the organization of the house, and before proceed-
ing to other business, open and publish the same in the presence of a
majority of each house of the general assembly, who shall for that pur-
pose assemble in the hall of the house of representatives. The person
having the highest number of votes for either of said offices shall be
declared duly elected; but if two or more shall have an equal and the
highest number of votes, the general assembly shall, by joint vote, choose
one of such persons for said office.

Sec. 4. The supreme executive power shall be vested in a chief mag-
istrate, who shall be styled "the governor of the state of Missouri."

Sec. 5. The governor shall be at least thirty-five years old, a male,
and shall have been a citizen of the United States ten years, and a resi-
dent of this state seven years next before his election.

Sec. 6. The governor shall take care that the laws are distributed and
faithfully executed; and he shall be a conservator of the peace through-
out the state.

Sec. 7. The governor shall be commander-in-chief of the militia of
this state, except when they shall be called into the service of the United
States, and may call out the same to execute the laws, suppress insurrec-
tion and repel invasion; but he need not command in person unless
directed so to do by a resolution of the general assembly.

CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI. 139

Sec. 8. The governor shall have power to grant reprieves, commuta-
tions and pardons, after conviction, for all offenses, except treason and
cases of impeachment, upon such condition and with such restrictions and
limitations as he may think proper, subject to such regulations as may be
provided by law relative to the manner of applying for pardons. He shall,
at each session of the general assembly, communicate to that body each
case of reprieve, commutation or pardon granted, stating the name of the
convict, the crime of which he was convicted, the sentence and its date,
the date of the commutation, pardon or reprieve, and the reason for grant-
ing the same.

Sec. 9. The governor shall, from time to time, give to the general
assembly information relative to the state of the government, and shall
recommend to its consideration such measures as he shall deem necessary
and expedient. On extraordinary occasions he may convene the general
assembly by proclamation, wherein he shall state specifically each matter
concerning which the action of that body is deemed necessary.

Sec. 10. The governor shall, at the commencement of each session of
the general assembly, and at the close of his term of office, give informa-
tion by message, of the condition of the state, and shall recommend such
measures as he shall deem expedient. He shall account to the general
assembly, in such manner as may be prescribed by law, for all moneys
received and paid out by him from any funds subject to his order, with
vouchers; and at the commencement of each regular session, present esti-
mates of the amount of money required to be raised by taxation for all
purposes.

Sec. 11. When anv office shall become vacant, the governor, unless
otherwise provided by law, shall appoint a person to fill such vacancy,
who shall continue in office until a successor shall have been duly elected
or appointed and qualified according to law.

Sec. 12. The governor shall consider all bills and joint resolutions,
which, having been passed by both houses of the general assembly, shall
be presented to him. He shall, within ten days after the same shall have
been presented to him, return to the house in which they respectively
originated, all such bills and joint resolutions, with his approval endorsed
thereon, or accompanied by his objections : Provided, That if the general
assembly shall finally adjourn within ten days after such presentation,
the governor may, within thirty days thereafter, return such bills and res-
olutions to the office of the secretary of state, with his approval or reasons
for disapproval.

Sec. 13. If any bill presented to the governor contain several items
of appropriation of money, he may object to one or more items while
approving other portions of the bill. In such case he shall append to the
bill, at the time of signing it, a statement of the items to which he objects,
and the appropriations so objected to shall not take effect. If the general
assembly be in session, he shall transmit to. the house in which the bill
originated a copy of such statement, and the items objected to shall be
separately reconsidered. If it be not in session, then he shall transmit the
same within thirty days to the office of secretary of state, with his approval
or reasons for disapproval.

Sec. 14. Every resolution to which the concurrence of the senate and
house of representatives may be necessary, except on questions of adjourn-
ment, of going into joint session, and of amending this constitution, shall

140 CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI.

be presented to the governor, and before the same shall take effect, shall
"be proceeded upon in the same manner as in the case of a bill: Provided,
That no resolution shall have the effect to repeal, extend, alter or amend
any law.

Sec. 15. The lieutenant governor shall possess the same qualifications
as the governor, and by virtue of his office shall be president of the senate.
In committee of the whole he may debate all questions; and when there
is an equal division he shall give the casting vote in the senate, and also in
joint vote of both houses.

Sec. 16. In case of death, conviction, or impeachment, failure to qual-
ify, resignation, absence from the state, or other disability of the governor,
the powers, duties, and emoluments of the office for the residue of the
term, or until the disability shall be removed, shall devolve upon the lieu-
tenant governor.

Sec 17. The senate shall choose a president fro tempore to preside in
cases of the absence or impeachment of the lieutenant-governor, or when
he shall hold the office of governor. If there be no lieutenant-governor,
or the lieutenant governor shall, for any of the causes specified in section
sixteen, of this article, become incapable of performing the duties of the
office, the president of the senate shall act as governor until the vacancy
is filled, or the disability removed; and if the president of the senate, for
any of the above named causes, shall become incapable of performing the
duties of governor, the same shall devolve upon the speaker of the house
of representatives, in the same manner, and with the same powers and
compensation as are prescribed in the case of the office devolving upon
the lieutenant-governor.

Sec 18. The lieutenant-governor, or the president fro temfore of the
senate, while presiding in the senate, shall receive the same compen-
sation as shall be allowed to the speaker of the house of representatives.

Sec 19. No person shall be eligible to the office of secretary of state,
state auditor, state treasurer, attorney-general, or superintendent of public
schools, unless he be a male citizen of the United States, and at least
twenty-five years old, and shall have resided in this state at least five years
next before his election.

Sec 20. The secretary of state shall be the custodian of the seal of
the state, and authenticate therewith all official acts of the governor, his
approval of laws excepted. The said seal shall be called the " Great Seal
of the State of Missouri," and the emblems and devices thereof, hereto-
fore prescribed by law, shall not be subject to change.

Sec 21. The secretary of state shall keep a register of the official acts
of the governor, and when necessary, shall attest them, and lay copies of
the same, together with copies of all papers relative thereto, before either
house of the general assembly whenever required to do so.

Sec 22. An account shall be kept by the officers of the executive
department of all moneys and choses in action disbursed, or otherwise dis-
posed of by them severally, from all sources, and for every service per-
formed; and a semi-annual report thereof shall be made to the governor
under oath. The governor may at any time require information, in writ-
ing, under oath,- from the officers of the executive department, and all
officers and managers of state institutions, upon any subject relating to
the condition, management and expenses of their respective offices and
institutions; which information, when so required, shall be furnished by

CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI. 141

such officers and managers, and any officer or manager who at any time
shall make a false report, shall be guilty of perjury and punished accord-
ingly.

Sec. 23. The governor shall commission all officers not otherwise pro-
vided for by law. All commissions shall run in the name and by the
authority of the state of Missouri, be signed by the governor, sealed with
the great seal of the state of Missouri, and attested by the secretary of state.

Sec. 24. The officers named in this article shall receive for their ser-
vices a salary to be established by law, which shall not be increased or
diminished during their official terms; and they shall not, after the expir-
ation of the terms of those in office at the adoption of this constitution,
receive to their own use any fees, costs, perquisites of office, or other com-
pensation. All fees that may hereafter be payable by law for any service
performed by any officer provided for in this article shall be paid in
advance into the state treasur}'.

Sec 25. Contested elections of governor and lieutenant-governor
shall be decided by a joint vote of both houses of the general assembly,
in such manner as may be provided by law ; and contested elections of
secretary of state, state auditor, state treasurer, attorney-general, and su-
perintendent of public schools shall be decided before such tribunal, and
in such manner as may be provided by law.

ARTICLE VI.— judicial department.

Section 1. The judicial power of the state, as to matters of law and
equity, except as in this constitution otherwise provided, shall be vested
in a supreme court, the St. Louis court of appeals, circuit courts, crim-
inal courts, probate courts, county courts, and municipal corporation courts.

Sec 2. The supreme court, except in cases otherwise directed by this
constitution, shall have appellate jurisdiction only, which shall be co-ex-
tensive with the state, under the restrictions and limitations in this consti-
tution provided.

Sec 3. The supreme court shall have a general superintending con-
trol over all inferior courts. It shall have power to issue writs of habeas
corpus, mandamus, quo warranto, certiorari, and other original remedial
writs, and to hear and determine the same.

Sec 4. The judges of the supreme court shall hold office for the term
of ten years. The judge oldest in commission shall be chief justice of the
court; and, if there be more than one commission of the same date, the
court may select the chief justice from the judges holding the same.

Sec 5. The supreme court shall consist of five judges, any three of
whom shall constitute a quorum; and said judges shall be conservators of
the peace throughout the state, and shall be elected by the qualified voters
thereof.

• Sec 6. The judges of the supreme court shall be citizens of the
United States, not less than thirty years old, and shall have been citizens
of this state for five years next preceding their election or appointment,
and shall be learned in the law.

Sec 7. The full terms of the judges of the supreme court shall com-
mence on the first day of January next ensuing their election, and those
elected to fill any vacancy shall also enter upon the discharge of their
duties on the first day of January next ensuing such election. Those ap-
pointed shall enter upon the discharge of their duties as soon as qualified.

142 CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI.

■

Sec. 8. The present judges of the supreme court shall remain in
office until the expiration of their respective terms of office. To rill their
places as their terms expire, one judge shall be elected at the general
election in eighteen hundred and seventy-six, and one every two years
thereafter.

Sec. 9. The supreme court shall be held at the seat of government at
such times as may be prescribed by law; and until otherwise directed by
law, the terms of said court shall commence on the third Tuesday in Octo-
ber and April of each year.

Sec. 10. The state shall provide a suitable court room at the seat of
government, in which the supreme court shall hold its sessions; also a
clerk's office, furnished offices for the judges, and the use of the state
library.

Sec. 11. If, in any cause pending in the supreme court, or the St.
Louis court of appeals, the judges sitting shall be equally divided in opin-
ion, no judgment shall be entered therein based on such division ; but the
parties to the cause may agree upon some person, learned in the law, to
act as special judge in the cause, who shall therein sit with the court, and
give decision in the same manner and with the same effect as one of the
judges. If the parties cannot agree upon a special judge, the court shall
appoint one.

Sec. 12. There is hereby established in the city of St. Louis an appel-
late court, to be known as the " St. Louis court of appeals," the jurisdic-
tion of which shall be coextensive with the city of St. Louis and the coun-
ties of St. Louis, St. Charles, Lincoln and Warren. Said court shall have
power to issue writs of habeas corpus, quo warranto, mandamus, certiorari,
and other original remedial writs, and to hear and determine the same; and
shall have a superintending control over all inferior courts of record in said
counties. Appeals shall lie from the decisions of the St. Louis court of ap-
peals to the supreme court, and writs of error may issue from the supreme
court to said court in the following cases only: In all cases where the
amount in dispute, exclusive of costs, exceeds the sum of two thousand rive
hundred dollars; in cases involving the construction of the constitution of
the United States or of this state; in cases where the validity of a treaty or
statute of, or authority exercised under the United States is drawn in ques-
tion; in cases involving the construction of the revenue laws of this state,
or the title to any office under this state; in cases involving title to real
estate; in cases where a county or other political subdivision of the state,
or any state officer is a party, and in all cases of felony.

Sec. 13. The St. Louis court of appeals shall consist .of three judges,
to be elected by the qualified voters of the city of St. Louis, and the coun-
ties of St. Louis, St. Charles, Lincoln and Warren, who shall hold their
offices for the period of twelve years. They shall be residents of the dis-
trict composed of said counties, shall possess the same qualifications as
judges of the supreme court, and each shall receive the same compensation
as is now, or may be, provided by law for the judges of the circuit court of
St. Louis county, and be paid from the same sources: Provided, That
each of said counties shall pay its proportional part of the same, according
to its taxable property.

Sec. 14. The judges of said court shall be conservators of the peace
throughout said counties. Any two of said judges shall constitute a quo-
rum. There shall be two terms of said court to be held each year, on the

CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI. 143

first Monday of March and October, and the first term of said court shall
be held on the first Monday in January, 1876.

Sec. 15. The opinions of said court shall be in writing, and shall be
filed in the cases in which they shall be respectively made, and become
parts of their record ; and all laws relating to the practice in the supreme
court shall apply to this court, so far as the same may be applicable.

Sec. 16. At the first general election held in said city and counties
after the adoption of this constitution, three judges of said court shall be
elected, who shall determine by lot the duration of their several terms of
office, which shall be respectively four, eight and twelve years, and certify
the result to the secretary of state; and every four years thereafter one
judge of said court shall be elected to hold office for the term of twelve
years. The term of office of such judges shall begin on the first Monday
in January next ensuing their election. The judge having the oldest
license to practice law in this state, shall be the presiding judge of said
court.

Sec. 17. Upon the adoption of this constitution the governor shall
appoint three judges for said court, who shall hold their offices until the
first Monday of January, eighteen hundred and seventy-seven, and until
their successors shall be duly qualified.

Sec. 18. The clerk of the supreme court at St. Louis shall be the clerk
of the St. Louis court of appeals until the expiration of the term for which
he was appointed clerk of the supreme court, and until his successor shall
be duly qualified.

Sec. 19. All cases which may be pending in the supreme court at St.
Louis at the time of the adoption of this constitution, which by its terms
would come within the final appellate jurisdiction of the St. Louis court of
appeals, shall be certified and transferred to the St. Louis court of appeals,
to be heard and determined by said court.

Sec. 20. All cases coming to said court by appeal, or writ of error,
shall be triable at the expiration of fifteen days from the filing of the tran-
script in the office of the clerk of said court.

Sec. 21. Upon the adoption of this constitution, and after the close of
the next regular terms of the supreme court at St. Louis and St. Joseph, as
now established by law, the office of the clerk of the supreme court at St.
Louis and St. Joseph shall be vacated, and said clerks shall transmit to the
clerk of the supreme court at Jefferson City all the books, records, docu-
ments, transcripts and papers belonging to their respective offices, except
those required by section nineteen of this article, to be turned over to the
St. Louis court of appeals; and said records, documents, transcripts and
papers shall become part of the records, documents, transcripts and papers
of said supreme court at Jefferson City, and said court shall hear and
determine all the cases thus transferred as other cases.

Sec. 22. The circuit court shall have jurisdiction over all criminal
cases not otherwise provided for by law ; exclusive original jurisdiction in
all civil cases not otherwise provided for; and such concurrent jurisdiction
with, and appellate jurisdiction from inferior tribunals and justices of the
peace as is or may be provided by law. It shall hold its terms at such
times and places in each county as may be by law directed; but at least
two terms shall be held every year in each countv.

Sec. 23. The circuit court shall exercise a superintending control over
criminal courts, probate courts, county courts, municipal corporation

144 CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI.

courts, justices of the peace, and all inferior tribunals in each county in
their respective circuits.

Sec. 24. The state, except 'as otherwise provided in this constitution,
shall be divided into convenient circuits of contiguous counties, in each of
which circuits one circuit judge shall be elected; and such circuits may be
changed, enlarged, diminished or abolished, from time to time, as public
convenience may require; and whenever a circuit shall be abolished, the
office of the judge of such circuit shall cease.

Sec. 25. The judges of the circuit courts shall be elected by the quali-
fied voters of each circuit ; shall hold their offices for the term of six years,
and shall reside in and be conservators of the peace within their respective
circuits.

Sec 26. No person shall be eligible to the office of judge of the cir-
cuit court who shall not have attained the age of thirty years, been a citi-
zen of the United States five years, a qualified voter of this state for three
years, and who shall not be a resident of the circuit in which he may be
elected or appointed.

Sec 27. The circuit court of St. Louis county shall be composed of
five judges, and such additional number as the general assembly may,
from time to time, provide. Each of said judges shall sit separately for
the trial of causes and the transaction of business in special term. The
judges of said circuit court may sit in general term, for the purpose of
making rules of court, and for the transaction of such other business as
may be provided by law, at such time as they may determine ; but shall have
no power to review any order, decision or proceeding of the court in
special term. The St. Louis court of appeals shall have exclusive jurisdic-
tion of all appeals from, and writs of error to circuit courts of St. Charles,
Lincoln and Warren counties, and the circuit court of St. Louis county, in
special term, and all courts of record having criminal jurisdiction in said
counties.

Sec 28. In any circuit composed of a single county, the general assem-
bly may, from time time, provide for one or more additional judges, as the
business shall require ; each of whom shall separately try cases and per-
form all other duties imposed upon circuit judges.

Sec 29. If there be a vacancy in the office of judge of any circuit, or
if the judge be sick, absent, or from any cause unable to hold any term, or
part of term of court, in any county in his circuit, such term, or part of
term of court, may be held by a judge of any other circuit; and at the re-
quest of the judge of any circuit, any term of court, or part of term in his
circuit, may be held by the judge of any other circuit, and in all such cases,
or in any case where the judge cannot preside, the general assembly shall
make such additional provision for holding court as may be found necessary.

Sec 30. The election of judges of all courts of record shall be held as
is or may be provided by law, and in case of a tie or contested election be-
tween the candidates, the same shall be determined as prescribed by law.

Sec 31. The general assembly shall have no power to establish crim-
inal courts, except in counties having a population exceeding fifty thousand.

Sec 32. In case the office of judge of any court of record becomes va-
cant by death, resignation, removal, failure to qualify, or otherwise, such
vacancy shall be filled in the manner provided by law.

Sec 33. The judges of the supreme, appellate and circuit courts,
and of all other courts of record receiving a salary, shall, at stated times,

CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI. 145

receive such compensation for their services as is or may be prescribed by-
law ; but it shall not be increased or diminished during the period for which
they were elected.

Sec. 34. The general assembly shall establish in every county a pro-
bate court, which shall be a court of record, and consist of one judge, who
shall be elected. Said court shall have jurisdiction over all matters per-
taining to probate business, to granting letters testamentary and of admin-
istration, the appointment of guardians and curators of minors and persons
of unsound mind, settling the accounts of executors, administrators, cura-
tors and guardians, and the sale or leasing of lands by administrators,
curators and guardians; and, also, jurisdiction over all matters relating to
apprentices: Provided, That until the general assembly shall provide by-
law for a uniform system of probate courts, the jurisdiction of probate
courts heretofore established shall remain as now provided by law.

Sec. 35. Probate courts shall be uniform in their organization, juris-
diction, duties and practice, except that a separate clerk may be provided
for, or the judge may be required to act, ex-officio, as his own clerk.

Sec. 36. In each county there shall be a county court, which shall be
a court of record, and shall have jurisdiction to transact all county and
such other business as may be prescribed by law. The court shall consist
of one or more judges, not exceeding three, of whom the probate judge
may be one, as may be provided by law.

Sec. 37. In each county there shall be appointed, or elected, as many
justices of the peace as the public good may require, whose powers, duties
and duration in office shall be regulated by law.

Sec. 38. All writs and process shall run, and all prosecutions shall be
conducted in the name of the "state of Missouri;" all writs shall be
attested by the clerk of the court from which they shall be issued; and all
indictments shall conclude " against the peace and dignity of the state."

Sec. 39. The St. Louis court of appeals and supreme court shall
appoint their own clerks. The clerks of all other courts of record shall
be elective, for such terms and in such manner as may be directed by law ;
■provided, that the term of office of no existing clerk of any court of record,
not abolished by this constitution, shall be affected by such law.

Sec. 40. In case there be a tie, or a contested election between can-
didates for clerk of any court of record, the same shall be determined
in such manner as may be directed by law.

Sec. 41. In case of the inability of any judge of a court of record to
discharge the duties of his office with efficiency, by reason of continued
sickness, or physical or mental infirmity, it shall be in the power of the
general assembly, two thirds of the members of each house concurring,
with the approval of the governor, to remove such judge from office ; but
each house shall state on its respective journal the cause for which it shall
wish his removal, and give him notice thereof, and he shall have the right
to be heard in his defense, in such manner as the general assembly shall
by law direct.

Sec. 42. All courts now existing in this state, not named or provided
for in this constitution, shall continue until the expiration of the terms of
office of the several judges; and as such terms expire, the business of said
court shall vest in the court having jurisdiction thereof in the counties
where said courts now exist, and all the records and papers shall be trans-
ferred to the proper courts.
10

146 CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI.

Sec. 43. The supreme court of the state shall designate what opin-
ions delivered by the court, or the judge thereof, may be printed at the ex-
pense of the state; and the general assembly shall make no provision for
payment by the state for the publication of any case decided by said court,
not so designated.

Sec. 44. All judicial decisions in this state shall be free for publica-
tion by any person.

ARTICLE VII.— IMPEACHMENTS.

Section 1. The governor, lieutenant governor, secretary of state,
state auditor, state treasurer, attorney general, superintendent of pub-
lic schools, and judges of the supreme, circuit and criminal courts, and
of the St. Louis court of appeals, shall be liable to impeachment for high
crimes or misdemeanors, and for misconduct, habits of drunkenness, or op-
pression in office.

Sec. 2. The house of representatives shall have the sole power of
impeachment. All impeachments shall be tried by the senate, and, when
sitting for that purpose, the senators shall be sworn to do justice according
to law and evidence. When the governor of the state is on trial, the chief
justice of the supreme court shall preside. No person shall be convicted
without the concurrence of two-thirds of the senators present. But judg-
ment in such cases shall not extend any further than removal from office,
and disqualification to hold any office of honor, trust or profit under this
state. The party, whether convicted or acquitted, shall, nevertheless, be
liable to prosecution, trial, judgment and punishment according to law.

ARTICLE VIIL— SUFFRAGE AND ELECTIONS.

Section 1. The general election shall be held biennially on the Tues-
day next following the first Monday in November. The first general elec-
tion under this constitution shall be held on that day, in the year one thou-
sand eight hundred and seventy-six; but the general assembly may, by
law, fix a different day, two-thirds of all the members of each house con-
senting thereto.

Sec. 2. Every male citizen of the United States, and every male per-
son of foreign birth, who may have declared his intention to become a citi-
zen of the United States according to law, not less than one year nor more
than five years before he offers to vote, who is over the age of twenty-one
years, possessing the following qualifications, shall be entitled to vote at
all elections by the people:

First, He shall have resided in the state one year immediately preceding
the election at which he offers to vote.

Second, He shall have resided in the county, city or town where he
shall offer to vote, at least sixty days immediately preceding the election.

Sec. 3. All elections by the people shall be by ballot; every ballot voted
shall be numbered in the order in which it shall be received, and the
number recorded by the election officers on the list of voters, opposite the
name of the voter who presents the ballot. The election officers shall be
sworn or affirmed not to disclose how any voter shall have voted, unless
required to do so as witnesses in a judicial proceeding: Provided, That in all
cases of contested elections the ballots cast may be counted, compared with
the list of voters, and examined under such safeguards and regulations as
may be prescribed by law.

CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI. 14:7

Sec. 4. Voters shall, in all cases except treason, felony or breach of
the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at elections,
and in going to and returning therefrom.

Sec. 5. The general assembly shall provide, by law, for the registra-
tion of all voters in cities and counties having a population of more than
one hundred thousand inhabitants, and may provide for such registration in
cities having a population exceeding twenty-five thousand inhabitants and
not exceeding one hundred thousand, but not otherwise.

Sec. 6. All elections, by persons in a representative capacity, shall be
viva voce.

Sec. 7. For the purpose of voting, no person shall be deemed to have
gained a residence by reason of his presence, or lost it by reason of his ab-
sence, while employed in the service, either civil or military, of this state,
or of the United States, nor while engaged in the navigation of the waters
of the state or of the United States, or of the high seas, nor while a student
of any institution of learning, nor while kept in a poor house or other asy-
lum at public expense, nor while confined in public prison.

Sec. 8. No person, while kept at any poor house, or other asylum, at
public expense, nor while confined in any public prison, shall be entitled to
vote at any election under the laws of this state.

Sec. 9. The trial and determination of contested elections of all public
officers, whether state, judicial, municipal, or local, except governor and
lieutenant governor, shall be by the courts of law, or by one or more of the
judges thereof. The general assembly shall, by general law, designate the
court or judge by whom the several classes of election contests shall be
tried, and regulate the manner of trial and all matters incident thereto; but
no such law, assigning jurisdiction or regulating its exercise, shall apply to
any contest arising out of any election held before said law shall take effect,

Sec. 10. The general assembly may enact laws excluding from the
right of voting all persons convicted of felony or other infamous crime, or
misdemeanors connected with the exercise of the right of suffrage.

Sec. 11. No officer, soldier or marine, in the regular army or navy of
the United States, shall be entitled to vote at any election in this state/

Sec. 12. No person shall be elected or appointed to any office in this
state, civil or military, who is not a citizen of the United States, and who
shall not have resided in this state one year next preceding his election or
appointment.

ARTICLE IX, — counties, cities and towns.

Section 1. The several counties of this state, as they now exist, are
hereby recognized as legal subdivisions of the state.

Sec. 2. The general assembly shall have no power to remove the
county seat of any county, but the removal of county seats shall be pro-
vided for by general law ; and no county seat shall be removed unless two-
thirds of the qualified voters of the county, voting on the proposition at a
general election, vote therefor; and no such proposition shall be sub-
mitted oftener than once in five years. All additions to a town, which
is a county seat, shall be included, considered and regarded as part of the
county seat.

Sec. 3. The general assembly shall have no power to establish any
new county with a territory of less than four hundred and ten square miles,
nor to reduce any county, now established, to a less area or less population

148 CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI.

than required for a' ratio of representation existing at the time; but when
a new county is formed, having a population less than a ratio of represent-
ation, it shall be attached for representative purposes to the county from
which the greatest amount of territory is taken until such ratio shall be
obtained. No county shall be divided or have any portion stricken there-
from, without submitting the question to a vote of the people of the county,
nor unless a majority of all the qualified voters of the county or counties
thus affected, voting on the question, shall vote therefor ; nor shall any new
county be established, any line of which shall run within ten miles of the
then existing county seat of any county. In all cases of the establishment
of any new county, the new county shall be held for and obliged to pay its
ratable proportion of all the liabilities then existing of the county or coun-
ties from which said new county shall be formed.

Sec. 4. No part of the territory of any county shall be stricken off and
added to an adjoining county, without submitting the question to the qual-
ified voters of the counties immediately interested, nor unless a majority of
all the qualified voters of the counties thus affected, voting on the question,
shall vote therefor. When any part of a county is stricken off and attached
to another county, the part stricken off shall be holden for, and obliged to
pay its proportion of all the liabilities then existing of the county from
which it is taken.

Sec. 5. When any new county, formed from contiguous territory taken
from older counties, or when any county to which territory shall be added
taken from an adjoining county, shall fail to pay the proportion of indebt-
edness of such territory, to the county or counties from which it is taken,
then it may be lawful for any county from which such territory has been
taken, to levy and collect, by taxation, the due proportion of indebtedness
of such territory, in the same manner as if the territory had not been
stricken off.

Sec. 6. No county, township, city or other municipality, shall here-
after become a subscriber to the capital stock of any railroad or other cor-
poration or association, or make appropriation or donation, or loan its credit
to, or in aid of any such corporation or association, or to or in aid of any
college or institution of learning, or other institution, whether created for
or to be controlled by the state or others. All authority heretofore con-
ferred for any of the purposes aforesaid by the general assembly, or by
the charter of any corporation, is hereby repealed: Provided, however \
That nothing in this* constitution contained shall affect the right of any
such municipality to make such subscription, where the same has been au-
thorized under existing laws by a vote of the people of such municipality
prior to its adoption, or to prevent the issue of renewal bonds or the use of
such other means as are or may be prescribed by law, for the liquidation or
payment of such subscription, or of any existing indebtedness.

Sec. 7. The general assembly shall provide, by general laws, for the
organization and classification of cities and towns. The number of such
classes shall not exceed four; and the power of each class shall be defined
by general laws, so that all such municipal corporations of the same class
shall possess the same powers and be subject to the same restrictions. The
general assembly shall also make provisions, by general law, whereby any
city, town or village, existing by virtue of any special or local law, may
elect to become subject to, and be governed by, the general laws relating
to such corporations.

CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI. 149

Sec. 8. The general assembly may provide, by general law, for town-
ship organization, under which any county may organize whenever a ma-
jority of the legal voters of such county, voting at any general election,
shall so determine ; and whenever any county shall adopt township organ-
ization, so much of this constitution as provides for the management of
county affairs, and the assessment and collection of the revenue by county
officers, in conflict with such general law for township organization, may
be dispensed with, and the business of said county, and the local concerns
of the several townships therein, may be transacted in such manner as may
be prescribed by law: Provided, That the justices of the county court in
such case shall not exceed three in number.

Sec. 9. In any county which shall have adopted " Township Organiz-
ation," the question of continuing the same may be submitted to a vote of
the electors of such county at a general election, in the manner that shall
be provided by law; and if a majority of all the votes cast upon that
question shall be against township organization, it shall cease in said
county; and all laws in force in relation to counties not having township
organization shall immediately take effect and be in force in such county.

Sec. 10. There shall be elected by the qualified voters in each county,
at the time and places of electing representatives, a sheriff and coroner.
They shall serve for two years, and until their successors be duly elected
and qualified, unless sooner removed for malfeasance in office, and shall be
eligible only four years in an)' period of six. Before entering on the duties
of their office, they shall give security in the amount and in such manner
as shall be prescribed by law. Whenever a county shall be hereafter
established, the governor shall appoint a sheriff and a coroner therein, who
shall continue in office until the next succeeding general election, and until
their successors shall be duly elected and qualified.

Sec. 11. Whenever a vacancy shall happen in the office of sheriff or.
coroner, the same shall be filled by the county court. If such vacancy hap-
pen in the office of sheriff more than nine months prior to the time of
holding a general election, such county court shall immediately order a
special election to fill the same, and the person by it appointed shall hold
office until the person chosen at such election shall be duly qualified;
otherwise, the person appointed by such county court shall hold office
until the person chosen at such general election shall be duly qualified.
If any vacancy happen in the office of coroner, the same shall be filled for
the remainder of the term by such county court. No person elected or
appointed to fill a vacancy in either of said offices shall thereby be ren-
dered ineligible for the next succeeding term.

Sec. 12. The general assembly shall, by a law uniform in its opera-
tion, provide for and regulate the fees of all county officers, and for this
purpose may classify the counties by population.

Sec. 13. The fees of no executive or ministerial officer of any county
or municipality, exclusive of the salaries actually paid to his necessary
deputies, shall exceed the sum of ten thousand dollars for any one year.
Every such officer shall make return, quarterly, to the county court of all
fees by him received, and of the salaries by him actually paid to his depu-
ties or assistants, stating the same in detail, and verifying the same by his
affidavit; and for any statement or omission in such return, contrary to
truth, such officer shall be liable to the penalties of willful and corrupt
perjury.

150 CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI.

Sec. 14. Except as otherwise directed by this constitution, the general
assembly shall provide for the election or appointment of such other
county, township and municipal officers, as public convenience may
require; and their terms of office and duties shall be prescribed by law;
but no term of office shall exceed four years.

Sec. 15. In all counties having a city therein containing over one hun-
dred thousand inhabitants, the city and county government thereof may
be consolidated in such manner as may be provided by law.

Sec. 16. Any city having a population of more than one hundred
thousand inhabitants, may frame a charter for its own government, con-
sistent with and subject to the constitution and laws of this state, by
causing a board of thirteen freeholders, who shall have been for at least
five years qualified voters thereof, to be elected by the qualified voters of
such city at any general or special election; which board shall, within
ninety days after such election, return to the chief magistrate of such city
a draft of such charter, signed by the members of such board or a majority
of them. Within thirty days thereafter, such proposed charter shall be
submitted to the qualified voters of such city, at a general or special elec-
tion, and if four-sevenths of such qualified voters voting thereat, shall rat-
ify the same, it shall, at the end of thirtv days thereafter, become the char-
ter of such city, and supersede any existing charter and amendments
thereof. A duplicate certificate shall be made, setting forth the charter
proposed and its ratification, which shall be signed by the chief magistrate
of such city, and authenticated by its corporate seal. One of such certifi-
cates shall be deposited in the office of the secretar}- of state, and the other,
after being recorded in the office of the recorder of deeds for the county
in which such city lies, shall be deposited among the archives of such city,
and all courts shall take judicial notice thereof. Such charter, so adopted,
may be amended by a proposal therefor, made by the law-making author-
ities of such city, published for at least thirty days in three newspapers of
largest circulation in such city, one of which shall be a newspaper printed
in the German language, and accepted by three-fifths of the qualified
voters of such city, voting at a general or special election, and not other-
wise; but such charter shall always be in harmony with and subject to the
constitution and laws of the state.

Sec. 17. It shall be a feature of all such charters that they shall pro-
vide, among other things, for a mayor or chief magistrate, and two houses
of legislation, one of which at least shall be elected by general ticket; and
in submitting any such charter or amendment thereto to the qualified
voters of such city, any alternative section or article mav be presented for
the choice of the voters, and may be voted on separately, and accepted or
rejected separately, without prejudice to other articles or sections of the
charter or any amendment thereto.

Sec. 18. In cities or counties having more than two hundred thousand
inhabitants, no person shall, at the same time, be a state officer and an
officer of any county, city or other municipality; and no person shall, at
the same time, fill two municipal offices, either in the same or different ,
municipalities; but this section shall not apply to notaries public, justices
of the peace or officers of the militia.

Sec. 19. The corporate authorities of any county, city, or other munic-
ipal subdivision of this state, having more than two hundred thousand in-
habitants, which has already exceeded the limit of indebtedness prescribed

CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI. 151

in section twelve of article X of this constitution, may, in anticipation of
the customary annual revenue thereof, appropriate, during any fiscal year,
toward the general governmental expenses thereof, a sum not exceeding
seven-eighths of the entire revenue applicable to general governmental
purposes (exclusive of the payment of the bonded debt of such county, city
or municipality) that was actually raised by taxation alone during the pre-
ceding fiscal year; but until such excess of indebtedness cease, no further
bonded debt shall be incurred, except for, the renewal of other bonds.

ST. LOUIS.

Sec. 20. The city of St. Louis may extend its limits so as to embrace
the parks now without its boundaries, and other convenient and contiguous
territory, and frame a charter for the government of the city thus enlarged,
upon the following conditions, that is to say: The council of the city and
county court of the county of St. Louis, shall, at the request of the mayor'
of the city of St. Louis, meet in joint session and order an election, to be held
as provided for general elections, by the' qualified voters of the city and
county, of a board of thirteen freeholders of such city or count)-, whose
duty shall be to propose a scheme for the enlargement and definition of the
boundaries of the city, the reorganization of the government of the county,
the adjustment of the relations between the city thus enlarged and the
residue of St. Louis county and the government of the city thus enlarged,
by a charter in harmony with and subject to the constitution and laws of
Missouri, which shall, among other things, provide for a chief executive
and two houses of legislation, one of which shall be elected by general
ticket, which scheme and charter shall be signed in duplicate by said board
or a majority of them, and one of them returned to the mayor of the city
and the other to the presiding justice of the county court within ninety
days after the election of such board. Within thirty days thereafter the
city council and county court shall submit such scheme to the qualified
voters of the whole county, and such charter to the qualified voters of the
city so enlarged, at an election to be held not less than twenty nor more
than thirty days after the order therefor; and if a majority of such qualified
voters, voting at such election, shall ratify such scheme and charter, then
such scheme shall become the organic law of the county and city, and such
charter the organic law of the city, and at the end of sixty days thereafter
shall take the place of and supersede the charter of St. Louis, and all
amendments thereof, and all special laws relating to St. Louis county in-
consistent with such scheme.

Sec. 21. A copy of such scheme and charter, with a certificate thereto
appended, signed by the mayor and authenticated by the seal of the city,
and also signed by the presiding justice of the county court and authenti-
cated by the seal of the county, setting forth the submission of such scheme
and charter to the qualified voters of such county and city and its ratifica-
tion, by them, shall be made in duplicate, one of which shall be deposited
in the office of the secretary of state, and the other, after being recorded in
the office of the recorder of deeds of St. Louis county, shall be deposited
among the archives of the city, and thereafter all courts shall take judicial
notice thereof.

Sec 22. The charter so ratified may be amended at intervals of not
less than two years, by proposals therefor, submitted by the law-making
authorities of the city to the qualified voters thereof at a general or special

152 CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI.

election, held at least sixty days after the publication of such proposals,
and accepted by at least three-fifths of the qualified voters voting thereat.

Sec. 23. Such charter and amendments shall always be in harmony
with, and subject to the constitution and laws of Missouri, except only,
that provision may be made for the graduation of the rate of taxation for
city purposes in the portions of the city which are added thereto by the
proposed enlargement of its boundaries. In the adjustment of the rela-
tions between city and county, the city shall take upon itse.l *he entire
park tax; and in consideration of the city becoming the proprietor of all
the county buildings and property within its enlarged limits, it shall as-
sume the whole of the existing county debt, and thereafter the city and
county of St. Louis shall be independent of each other. The city shall be
exempted from all county taxation. The judges of the county court shall
be elected by the qualified voters outside of the city. The city, as en-
larged, shall be entitled to the same representation in the general assem-
bly, collect the state revenue, and perform all other functions in relation to
the state in the same manner as if it were a county, as in this constitution
defined; and the residue of the county shall remain a legal county of the
state of Missouri, under the name of the county of St. Louis. Until the
next apportionment for senators and representatives in the general assem-
bly, the city shall have six senators and fifteen representatives, and the
county one senator and two representatives, the same being the number of
senators and representatives to which the county of St. Louis, as now or-
ganized, is entitled under sections eight and eleven, of article IV, of this
constitution.

Sec. 24. The county and city of St. Louis, as now existing, shall con-
tinue to constitute the eighth judicial circuit, and the jurisdiction of all
courts of record, except the count)'- court, shall continue until otherwise
provided by law.

Sec. 25. Notwithstanding the provisions of this article, the general
assembly shall have the same power over the city and county of St. Louis
that it has over other cities and counties of this state.

ARTICLE X. — REVENUE AND TAXATION.

Section 1. The taxing power may be exercised by the general as-
sembly for state purposes, and by counties and other municipal corpora-
tions, under authority granted to them by the general assembly, for
county and other corporate purposes.

Sec. 2. The power to tax corporations and corporate property shall
not be surrendered or suspended by act of the general assembly.

Sec. 3. Taxes may be levied and collected for public purposes only.
They shall be uniform upon the same class of subjects within the territorial
limits of the authority levying the tax; and all taxes shall be levied and
collected by general laws.

Sec. 4. All property subject to taxation shall be taxed in proportion
to its value.

Sec. 5. All railroad corporations in this state, or doing business
therein, shall be subject to taxation for state, county, school, municipal and
other purposes, on the real and personal property owned or used by them,
and on their gross earnings, their net earnings, their franchises and their
capital stock.

Sec. 6. The property, real and personal, of the state, counties and

CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI. 153

other municipal corporations, and cemeteries, shall be exempt from taxa-
tion. Lots in incorporated cities or towns, or within one mile of the limits
of any such city or town, to the extent of one acre, and lots one mile or
more distant from such cities or towns, to the extent of five acres, with the
buildings thereon, may be exempted from taxation, when the same are
used exclusively for religious worship, for schools, or for purposes purely
charitable; also, such property, real or personal, as may be used exclusively
for agricultural or horticultural societies : Provided, That such exemptions
shall be only by general law.

Sec. 7. All laws exempting property from taxation, other than the
property above enumerated, shall be void.

Sec. 8. The state tax on property, exclusive of the tax necessary to
pay the bonded debt ot the state, shall not exceed twenty cents on the
hundred dollars valuation ; and whenever the taxable property of the state
shall amount to nine hundred million dollars, the rate shall not exceed fif-
teen cents.

Sec. 9. No county, city, town, or other municipal corporation, nor the
inhabitants thereof, nor the property therein, shall be released or discharged
from their or its proportionate share of taxes to be levied lor state pur-
poses, nor shall commutation for such taxes be authorized in any form
whatsoever.

Sec. 10. The general assembly shall not impose taxes upon counties,
cities, towns or other municipal corporations; or upon the inhabitants or
property thereof, for county, city, town or other municipal purposes; but
may, by general laws, vest in the corporate authorities thereof, the power
to assess and collect taxes for such purposes.

Sec. 11. Taxes for counry, city, town and school purposes, may be
levied on all subjects and objects of taxation; but the valuation of property
therefor shall not exceed the valuation of the same property in such town,
city or school district for state and county purposes. For county purposes
the annual rate on property, in counties having six million dollars or less,
shall not, in the aggregate, exceed fifty cents on the hundred dollars valua-
tion; in counties having six million dollars and under ten million dollars,
said rate shall not exceed forty cents on the hundred dollars valuation; in
counties having ten million dollars and under thirty million dollars, said
rate shall not exceed fifty cents on the hundred dollars valuation; and in
counties having thirty million dollars or more, said rate shall not exceed
thirty-five cents on the hundred dollars valuation. For city and town pur-
poses the annual rate on property in cities and towns having thirty thou-
sand inhabitants or more, shall not, in the aggregate, exceed one hundred
cents on the hundred dollars valuation; in cities and towns having less
than thirty thousand and over ten thousand inhabitants, said rate shall
not exceed sixty cents on the hundred dollars valuation; in cities and
towns having less than ten thousand and more than one thousand inhabi-
tants, said rate shall not exceed fifty cents on the hundred dollars valuation;
and in towns having one thousand inhabitants or less, said rate 'shall not
exceed twenty-five cents on the hundred valuation. For school purposes in
districts, the annual rate on property shall not exceed forty cents on the
hundred dollars valuation: Provided, The aforesaid annual rates for school
purposes may be increased, in districts formed of cities and towrns, to an
amount not to exceed one dollar on the hundred dollars valuation ; and in
other districts to an amount not to exceed sixty-five cents on the hundred

154 CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI.

dollars valuation, on the condition that a majority of the voters who are
tax-payers, voting at an election held to decide the question, vote for said
increase. For the purpose of erecting public buildings in counties, cities
or school districts, the rates of taxation herein limited may be increased
when the rate of such increase and the purpose for which it is intended
shall have been submitted to a vote of the people, and two-thirds of the
qualified voters of such county, city, or school district, voting at such elec-
tion shall vote therefor. The rate herein allowed to each county shall be
ascertained by the amount of taxable property therein, according to the
last assessment for state and county purposes, and the rate allowed to each
city or town by the number of inhabitants, according to the last census
taken under the authority of the state, or of the United States; said re-
strictions, as to rates, shall apply to taxes of every kind and description,
whether general or special, except taxes to pay valid indebtedness now ex-
isting or bonds which may be issued in renewal of such indebtedness.

Sec. 12. No county, city, town, township, school district or other polit-
ical corporation or subdivision of the state, shall be allowed to become
indebted in any manner or for any purpose to an amount exceeding in any
year the income and revenue provided for such year, without the assent of
two-thirds the voters thereof, voting at an election to be held for that
purpose; nor in cases requiring such assent shall any indebtedness be
allowed to be incurred to an amount including existing indebtedness, in
the aggregate, exceeding five per centum on the value of the taxable prop-
erty therein, to be ascertained by the assessment next before the last as-
sessment for state and county purposes, previous to the incurring of such
indebtedness: Provided, That with such assent any county may be allowed
to become indebted to a larger amount for the erection of a court house or
jail: And -provided further, That any county, city, town, township, school
district or other political corporation, or subdivision of the state, incurring
any indebtedness, requiring the assent of the voters as aforesaid, shall, be-
fore or at the time of doing so, provide for the collection of an annual tax,
sufficient to pay the interest on such indebtedness as it falls due, and also
to constitute a sinking fund for payment of the principal thereof, within
twenty years from the time of contracting the same.

Sec. 13. Private property shall not be taken or sold for the payment
of the corporate debt of a municipal corporation.

Sec. 14. The tax authorized by the sixth section of the ordinance
adopted June sixth, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, is hereby
abolished, and hereafter there shall be levied and collected an annual tax
sufficient to pay the accruing interest upon the bonded debt of the state,
and to reduce the principal thereof each year by a silm not less than two
hundred and fifty thousand dollars; the proceeds of which tax shall be paid
into the state treasury, and appropriated and paid out for the purposes
expressed in the first and second subdivisions of section forty-three of arti-
cle IV of this constitution. The funds and resources now in the state in-
terest and state sinking funds shall be appropriated to the same purposes;
and whenever said bonded debt is extinguished, or a sum sufficient there-
for has been raised, the tax provided for in this section shall cease to be
assessed.

Sec. 15. All moneys now, or at any time hereafter, in the state treas-
ury, belonging to the state, shall, immediately on receipt thereof, be
deposited by the treasurer to the credit of the state for the benefit of the

CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI. 155

funds to which they respectively belong, in such bank or banks as he may,
from time to time, with the approval of the governor and attorney gen-
eral, select; the said bank or banks giving security, satisfactory to the gov-
ernor and attorney general, for the safe keeping and payment of such
deposit, when demanded by the state treasurer on his checks; such bank
to pay a bonus for the use of such deposits not less than the bonus paid by
other banks for similar deposits; and the same, together with such interest
and profits as may accrue thereon, shall be disbursed by said treasurer for
the purposes of the state, according to law, upon warrants drawn by the
state auditor, and not otherwise.

.Sec. 16. The treasurer shall keep a separate account of the funds, and
the number and amount of warrants received, and from whom; and shall
publish, in such manner as the governor may designate, quarterly state-
ments, showing the amount of state moneys, and where the same are kept'
or deposited.

Sec. 17. The making of profit out of state, county, city, town or school
district money, or using the same for arty purpose not authorized by law,
by any public officer, shall be deemed a felony, and shall be punished as
provided by law.

Sec. 18. There shall be a state board of equalization, consisting of the
governor, state auditor, state treasurer, secretary of state and attorney
general. The duty of said board shall be to adjust and equalize the valu-
ation of real and personal property among the several counties in the state,
and it shall perform such other duties as are or may be prescribed by law.

Sec. 19. No moneys, shall ever be paid out of the treasury of this
state, or any of the funds under its management, except in pursuance of
an appropriation by law; nor unless such payment be made, or a warrant
shall have issued therefor, within two years after the passage of such ap-
propriation act; and every such law, making a new appropriation, or con-
tinuing or reviving an appropriation, shall distinctly specify the sum appro-
priated, and the object to which it is to be applied; and it shall not be. suffi-
cient to refer to any other law to fix such sum or object. A regular state-
'ment and account of the receipts and expenditures of all public money
shall be published from time to time.

Sec. 20. The moneys arising from any loan, debt or liability, con-
tracted by the state, or any county, city, town, or other municipal corpora-
tion, shall be applied to the purposes for which they were obtained, or to
the repavment of such debt or liability, and not otherwise.

Sec. 21. No corporation, company or association, other than those
formed for benevolent, religious, scientific, or educational purposes, shall be
created or organized under the laws of this state, unless the persons named
as corporators shall, at or before the filing of the articles of association or
incorporation, pay into the state treasury fifty dollars for the first fifty
thousand dollars or less of capital stock, and a further sum of five dollars
for every additional ten thousand dollars of its capital stock. And no such
corporation, company or association shall increase its capital stock without
first paying into the treasury five dollars for every ten thousand dollars of
increase: Provided, That nothing contained in this section shall be con-
strued to prohibit the general assembly from levying a further tax on the
franchises of such corporation.

156 CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI.

ARTICLE XI.— EDUCATION.

Section 1. A general diffusion of knowledge and intelligence being
essential to the preservation of the rights and liberties of the people, the
general assembly shall establish and maintain free public schools for the
gratuitous instruction of all persons in this state between the ages of six
and twenty years.

Sec. 2. The income of all the funds provided by the state for the sup-
port of free public schools, shall be paid annually to the several county
treasurers, to be disbursed according to law ; but no school district, in
which a free public school has not been maintained at least three months
during the year for which the distribution is made, shall be entitled to
receive any portion of such funds.

Sec. 3. Separate free public schools shall be established for the educa-
tion of children of African descent.

Sec. 4. The supervision of instruction in the public schools shall be
vested in a " board of education," whose powers and duties shall be pre-
scribed by law. The superintendent of public schools shall be president
of the board. The governor, secretary of state and attorney-general shall
be ex-officio members, and with the superintendent, compose said board
of education. »

Sec. 5. The general assembly shall, whenever the public school fund
will permit, and the actual necessity of the same may require, aid and
maintain the state university, now established, with its present depart-
ments. The government of the state university shall be vested in a board
of curators, to consist of nine members, to be appointed by the governor,
by and with the advice and consent of the senate.

Sec. 6. The proceeds of all tends that have been, or hereafter may be

f ranted by the United States to this state, and not otherwise appropriated
y this state or the United States; also, all moneys, stocks, bonds, lands
and other property now belonging to any state fund for purposes of educa-
tion; also, the -net proceeds of all sales of lands, and other property and
effects that may accrue to the state by escheat, from unclaimed dividends
and distributive shares of the estates of deceased persons; also, any pro-
ceeds of the sales of the public lands which may have been or hereafter
may be paid over to this state, (if congress will consent to such appropria-
tion); also, all other grants, gifts or devises that have been, or hereafter
may be, made to this state, and not otherwise appropriated by the state or
the terms of the grant, gift or devise, shall be paid into the state treasury,
and securely invested and sacredly preserved as a public school fund; the
annual income of which fund, together with so much of the ordinary reve-
nue of the state as may be by law set apart for that purpose, shall be faith-
fully appropriated for establishing and maintaining the free public schools
and the state university in this article provided for, and for no other uses
or purposes whatsoever.

Sec. 7. In case the public school fund now provided and set apart by
law, for the support of free public schools, shall be insufficient to sustain a
free school at least four months in every year in each school district in this
state, the general assembly may provide for such deficiency in accordance
with section eleven of the article on revenue and taxation ; but in no case
shall there be set apart less than twenty-five per cent, of the state revenue
exclusive of the interest and sinking fund, to be applied annually to the
support of the public schools.

CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI. 157

Sec. 8. All moneys, stocks, bondsj lands and other property belonging
to a county school fund; also, the net proceeds from the sale of estrays;
also, the clear proceeds of all penalties and forfeitures, and of all fines
collected in the several counties for any breach of the penal or mili-
tary laws of the state, and all moneys which shall be paid by persons as
an equivalent for exemption from military duty, shall belong to and be
securely invested, and sacredly preserved in the several counties, as a
county public school fund; the income of which fund shall be faithfully
appropriated for establishing and maintaining free public schools in the
several counties of this state.

Sec. 9. No part of the public school fund of the state shall ever be
invested in the stock or bonds, or other obligations of any other state, or
of any county, city, town or corporation ; and the proceeds of the sales of
any lands or other property which now belong, or may hereafter belong,
to said school fund, shall be invested in the bonds of the state of Missouri,
or of the United States.

Sec. 10. All county school funds shall be loaned only upon unincum-
bered real estate security, of double the valve of the loan, with personal
security in addition thereto.

Sec. 11. Neither the general assembly, nor any county, city, town,
township, school district or other municipal corporation, shall ever make
an appropriation, or pay from any public fund whatever anything in aid of
any religious creed, church or sectarian purpose; or to help to support or
sustain any private or public school, academy, seminary, college, univers-
ity or other institution of learning, controlled by any religious creed,
church or sectarian denomination whatever; nor shall any grant or
donation of personal property or real estate ever be made by the state, or
any county, city, town or other municipal corporation, for any religious
creed, church or sectarian purpose whatever.

ARTICLE XII.— CORPORATIONS.

Section 1. All existing charters, or grants of special or exclusive priv-
ileges, under which a bona fide organization shall not have taken place,
and business been commenced in good faith, at the adoption of this con-
stitution, shall thereafter have no validity.

Sec. 2. No corporation, after the adoption of this constitution, shall be
created by special laws; nor shall any existing charter be extended,
changed or amended by special laws, except those for charitable, penal or
reformatory purposes, which are under the patronage and control of the
state.

Sec. 3. The general assembly shall not remit the forfeiture of the
charter of any corporation now existing, or alter or amend such forfeited
charter, or pass any other general or special laws for the benefit of such
corporations.

Sec. 4. The exercise of the power and right of eminent domain, shall
never be so construed or abridged as to prevent the taking, by the general
assembly, of the property and franchises of incorporated companies already
organized, or that may be hereafter organized, and subjecting them to the
public use, the same as that of individuals. The right of trial by jury
shall be held inviolate in all trials of claims for compensation, when in the
exercise of said right of eminent domain, any incorporated company shall
be interested either for or against the exercise of said right.

158 CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI.

Sec. 5. The exercise of the police power of the state shall never be
abridged, or so construed as to permit corporations to conduct their busi-
ness in such manner as to infringe the equal rights of individuals, or the
general well-being of the state.

Sec. 6. In all elections for directors or managers of any incorporated
company, each shareholder shall have the right to cast as many votes in
the aggregate as shall equal the number of shares so held by him or her
in said company, multiplied by the number of directors or managers to be
elected at such election; and each shareholder may cast the whole number
of votes, either in person or by proxy for one candidate, or distribute such
votes among two or more candidates ; and such directors or managers shall
not be elected in any other manner.

Sec. 7. No corporation shall engage in business, other than that ex-
pressly authorized in its charter or the law under which it may have been
or hereafter may be organized, nor shall it hold any real estate for any
period longer than six years, except such as may be necessary and proper
for carrying on its legitimate business.

Sec. 8. No corporation shall issue stock or bonds, except for money
paid, labor done or property actually received, and all fictitious increase of
stock or indebtedness shall be void. The stock and bonded indebtedness
of corporations shall not be increased, except in pursuance of general law,
nor without the consent of the persons holding the larger amount in value
of the stock first obtained at a meeting called for the purpose, first giving
sixty days public notice, as may be provided by law.

Sec. 9. Dues from private corporations shall be secured by such means
as may be prescribed by law, but in no case shall any stockholder be indi-
vidually liable in any amount over or above the amount of stock owned
by him or her.

Sec. 10. No corporation shall issue preferred stock without the con-
sent of all the stockholders.

Sec. 11. The term "corporation," as used in this article, shall be con-
strued to include all joint stock companies or associations having an}- pow-
ers or privileges not possessed by individuals or partnerships.

RAILROADS.

Sec. 12. It shall not be lawful in this state for any railway company
to charge for freight or passengers a greater amount, for the transportation
of the same, for a less distance than the amount charged for any greater
distance, and suitable laws shall be passed by the general assembly to en-
force this provision; but excursion and commutation tickets may be issued
at special rates.

Sec. 13. Any railroad corporation or association, organized for the
purpose, shall have the right to construct and operate a railroad between
any points within this state, and to connect at the state line with railroads
of other states. Every railroad company shall have the right, with its
road, to intersect, connect with, or cross any other railroad, and shall receive
and transport each the other's passengers, tonnage and cars, loaded or
empty, without delay or discrimination.

Sec. 11. Railways heretofore constructed, or that may hereafter be
constructed in this state are hereby declared public highways, and railroad
companies common carriers. The general assembly shall pass laws tc
correct abuses and prevent unjust discrimination and extortion in the rates

CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI. 159

of freight and passenger tariffs on the different railroads in this state; and
shall, from time to time, pass laws establishing reasonable maximum rates
of charges for the transportation of passengers and freight on said railroads,
and enforce all such laws by adequate penalties.

Sec. 15. Every railroad or other corporation, organized or doing busi-
ness in this state under the laws or authority thereof, shall have and main-
tain a public office or place in this state for the transaction of its business,
where transfers of stock shall be made, and where shall be kept, for public
inspection, books in which shall be recorded the amount of capital stock
subscribed, the names of the owners of the stock, the amounts owned by
them respectively, the amount of stock paid, and by whom, the transfer of
said stock, with the date of transfer, the amount of its assets and liabilities,
and the names and places of residence of its officers. The directors of
every railroad company shall hold one meeting annually in this state, pub-
lic notice of which shall be given thirty days previously, and shall report
annually, under oath, to the state auditor, or some officer designated by
law, all of their acts and doings, which report shall include such matters
relating to railroads as may be prescribed by law. The general assembly
shall pass laws enforcing, by suitable penalties, the provisions of this sec-
tion.

Sec. 16. The rolling stock and all other movable property belonging
to any railroad company or corporation in this state, shall be considered
personal property, and shall be liable to execution and sale in the same
manner as the personal property of individuals; and the general assembly
shall pass no law exempting any such property from execution and sale.

Sec. 17. No railroad or other corporation, or the lessees, purchasers or
managers of any railroad corporation, shall consolidate the stock, property
or franchises of such corporation, with, or lease or purchase the works or
' franchises of, or in any way control any railroad corporation owning or hav-
ing under its control a parallel or competing line; nor shall any officer of
such railroad corporation act as an officer of any other railroad corporation
owning or having the control of a parallel or competing line. The ques-
tion whether railroads are parallel or competing lines shall, when demanded,
be decided by a jury, as in other civil issues.

Sec. 18. If any railroad company organized under the laws of this
state shall consolidate, by sale or otherwise, with any railroad company
organized under the laws of any other state, or of the United States, the
same shall not thereby become a foreign corporation; but the courts of this
state shall retain jurisdiction in all matters which may arise, as if said con-
solidation had not taken place. In no case shall any consolidation take
place, except upon public notice of at least sixty days to all stockholders,
in such manner as may be provided by law.

Sec. 19. The general assembly shall pass no law for the benefit of a
railroad or other corporations, or any individual or association of individ-
uals, retrospective in its operation, or which imposes on the people of any
county or municipal subdivision of the state, a new liability in respecc to
transactions or considerations already past.

Sec. 20. No law shall be passed by the general assembly granting the
right to construct and operate a street railroad within any city, town, vil-
lage, or on any public highway, without first acquiring the consent of the
local authorities having control of the street or highway proposed to be

160 CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI.

occupied by such street railroad; and the franchises so granted shall not
be transferred without similar assent first obtained.

Sec. 21. No railroad corporation in existence at the time of the adop-
tion of this constitution shall have the benefit of any future legislation,
except on condition of complete acceptance of all the provisions of this
constitution applicable to railroads.

Sec. 22. No president, director, officer, agent, or employe of any rail-
road company shall be interested, directly, or indirectly, in furnishing ma-
terial or supplies to such company, or in the business of transportation as
a common carrier of freight or passengers over the works owned, leased,
controlled or worked by such company.

Sec. 23. No discrimination in charges or facilities in transportation
shall be made between transportation companies and individuals, or in
favor of either, by abatement, drawback or otherwise; and no railroad com-
pany, or any lessee, manager or employee thereof, shall make any prefer-
ence in furnishing cars or motive power.

Sec. 24. No railroad or other transportation company shall grant free
passes or tickets, or passes or tickets at a discount, to members of the gen-
eral assembly, or members cf the board of equalization, or any state, or
county, or municipal officers ; and the acceptance of such pass or ticket, by
a member of the general assembly, or any such officer, shall be a forfeiture
of his office.

BANKS.

Sec. 25. ,No state bank shall hereafter be created, nor shall the state
own or be liable for any stock in any corporation, or joint stock company,
or association for banking purposes, now created or hereafter to be cre-
ated.

Sec. 26. No act of the general assembly authorizing or creating cor-
porations or associations with banking powers (except banks of deposit
or discount,) nor amendments thereto, shall go into effect, or in any man-
ner be enforced, unless the same shall be submitted to a vote of the quali-
fied voters of the slate, at the general election next succeeding the pass-
age of the same, and be approved by a majority of the votes cast at such
election.

Sec. 27. It shall be a crime, the nature and punishment of which shall
be prescribed by law, for any president, director, manager, cashier or other
officer of any banking institution, to assent to the reception of deposits, or
the creation of debts by such banking institution, after he shall have had
knowledge of the fact that it is insolvent, or in failing circumstances ; and
any such officer, agent or manager, shall be individually responsible for
such deposits so received, and all such debts so created with his assent.

ARTICLE XIII.— militia.

Section 1. All able-bodied male inhabitants of this state between the
ages of eighteen and forty-five years, who are citizens of the United States,
or have declared their intention of become such citizens, shall be liable to
military duty in the militia of this state: Provided, That no person who is
religiously scrupulous of bearing arms, can be compelled to do so, but may
be compelled to pay an equivalent for military service, in such manner as
shall be prescribed by law.

Sec. 2. The general assembly, in providing for the organization,

CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI. 160A

equipment and discipline of the militia, shall conform, as nearly as practi-
cable, to the regulations for the government of the armies of the United
States.

Sec. 3. Each company and regiment shall elect its own company and
regimental officers ; but if any company or regiment shall neglect to elect
such officers within the time prescribed by law, or by the order of the gov-
ernor, they may be appointed by the governor.

Sec. 4. Volunteer companies of infantry, cavalry and artillery, may
be formed in such manner and under such restrictions as may be provided
by law.

Sec. 5. The volunteer and militia forces shall in all cases, except trea-
son, felony and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their
attendance at musters, parades and elections, and in going to and returning
from the same.

Sec. 6. The governor shall appoint the adjutant general, quarter-
master general and his other staff officers. He shall also, with the advice
and consent of the senate, appoint all major generals and brigadier generals.

Sec. 7. The general assembly shall provide for the safe keeping of
the public arms, military records, banners and relics of the state.

ARTICLE XIV. — MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS.

Section 1. The general assembly of this state shall never interfere
with the primary disposal of the soil by the United States, nor with any
regulation which congress may find necessary for securing the title in such
soil to bona fide purchasers. No tax shall be imposed on lands the prop-
erty of the United States ; nor shall lands belonging to persons residing
out of the limits of this state ever be taxed at a higher rate than the lands
belonging to persons residing within the state.

Sec. 2. No person shall be prosecuted in any civil action or criminal
proceeding for or on account of any act by him done, performed or exe-
cuted between the first day of January, one thousand eight hundred and
sixty-one, and the twentieth day of August, one thousand eight hundred
and sixty-six, by virtue of military authority vested in him, or in pursu-
ance of orders from any person vested with such authority by the govern-
ment of the United States, or of this state, or of the late Confederate
states, or any of them, to do such act. And if any action or proceedings
shall have been, or shall hereafter be instituted against any person for the
doing of any such act, the defendant may plead this section in bar thereof.

Sec. 3. No person who shall hereafter fight a duel, or assist in the
same as a second, or send, accept, or knowingly carry a challenge therefor,
or agree to go out of this state to fight a duel, shall hold any office in this
state.

Sec. 4. No person holding an office of profit under the United States,
shall, during his continuance in such office, hold any office of profit under
this state.

Sec. 5. In the absence of any contrary provision, all officers now or
nereafter elected or appointed, subject to the right of resignation, shall
hold office during their official terms, and until their successors shall be
duly elected or appointed and qualified.

Sec. 6. All officers, both civil and military, under the authority of this
state, shall, before entering on the duties of their respective offices, take
and subscribe an oath, or affirmation, to support the constitution of the
10*

160b constitution of Missouri.

United States and of this state, and to demean themselves faithfully in
office.

Sec. 7. The general assembly shall, in addition to other penalties,
provide for the removal from office of county, city, town and township
officers, on conviction of willful, corrupt or fraudulent violation or neglect
of official duty.

Sec 8. The compensation or fees of no state, county or municipal
officer shall be increased during his term of office; nor shall the term of
any office be extended for a longer period than that for which such officer
was elected or appointed.

Sec 9. The appointment of all officers not otherwise directed by this
constitution, shall be made in such manner as may be prescribed by law.

Sec 10. The general assembly shall have no power to authorize lot-
teries or gift enterprises for any purpose, and shall pass laws to prohibit the
sale of lottery or gift enterprise tickets, or tickets in any scheme in the
nature of a lottery, in this state ; and all acts or parts of acts heretofore
passed by the legislature of this state, authorizing a lottery or lotteries,
and all acts amendatory thereof, or supplemental thereto, are hereby
avoided.

Sec 11. It shall be the duty of the grand jury in each county, at least
once a year, to investigate the official acts of all officers having charge of
public funds, and report the result of their investigations in writing to the
court.

Sec 12. Senators and representatives shall, in all cases, except trea-
son, felony, or breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during the
session of the general assembly, and for fifteen days next before the com-
mencement and after the termination of each session ; and for any speech
or debate in either house they shall not be questioned in any other place.

ARTICLE XV. — mode of amending the constitution.

Section 1. This constitution may be amended and revised only in
pursuance of the provisions of this article.

Sec 2. The general assembly may, at any time, propose such amend-
ments to this constitution as a majority of the members elected to each
house shall deem expedient ; and the vote thereon shall be taken by yeas
and nays, and entered in full on the journals. The proposed amendments
shall be published with the laws of that session, and also shall be published
weekly in some newspaper, if such there be, within each county in the
state, for four consecutive weeks next preceding the general election then
next ensuing. The proposed amendments shall be submitted to a vote of
the people, each amendment separately, at the next general election there-
after, in such manner as the general assembly may provide. If a major-
ity of the qualified voters of the state, voting for and against an}- one of
said amendments, shall vote for such amendment, the same shall be deemed
and taken to have been ratified by the people, and shall be valid and
binding, to all intents and purposes, as a part of this constitution.

Sec 3. The general assembly may at any time authorize, by law a
vote of the people to be taken upon the question whether a convention
shall be held for the purpose of revising and amending the constitution of
this state; and if at such election a majority of the votes on the question
bein favor of a convention, the governor shall issue writs to the sheriffs of
the different counties, ordering the election of delegates to such a conven-

CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI. 160c

tion, on a day not less than three and within six months after that on which
the said question shall have been voted on. At such election each senato-
rial district shall elect two delegates for each senator to which it may then
be entitled in the general assembly, and every such delegate shall have
the qualifications of a state senator. The election shall be conducted in
conformity with the laws regulating the election of senators. The dele-
gates so elected shall meet at such time and place as may be provided by
law, and organize themselves into a convention, and proceed to revise and
amend the constitution ; and the constitution when so revised and amend-
ed, shall, on a day to be therein fixed, not less than sixty days or more than
six months after that on which it shall have been adopted by the conven-
tion, be submitted to a vote of the people for and against it, at an election
to be held for that purpose; and, if a majority of all the votes given be in
favor of such constitution, it shall, at the end of thirty days after such elec-
tion became the constitution of this state. The result of such elec-
tion shall be made known by proclamation by the governor. The general
assembly shall have no power, otherwise than in this section specified, to
authorize a convention for revising and amending the constitution.

SCHEDULE.

That no inconvenience may arise from the alteration and amendments
in the constitution of this state, and to carry the same into complete effect,
it is hereby ordained and declared:

Section 1 . That all laws in force at the adoption of this constitution,
not inconsistent therewith, shall remain in full force until altered or re-
pealed by the general assembly; and, all rights, actions, prosecutions,
claims and contracts of the state, counties, individuals or bodies corporate
not inconsistent therewith, shall continue to be as valid as if this constitution
had not been adopted. The provisions of all laws which are inconsistent
with this constitution, shall cease upon its adoption, except that all laws
which are inconsistent with such provision of this constitution, as require
legislation to enforce them, shall remain in force until the first day of July,
one thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven, unless sooner amended or
repealed by the general assembly.

Sec. 2. That all recognizances, obligations and all other instruments,
entered into or executed before the adoption of this constitution, to this
state or to any subdivision thereof, or any municipality therein ; and all
fines, taxes, penalties and forfeitures, due or owing to this state, or any
such subdivision or municipality; and all writs, prosecutions, actions and
causes of action, except as herein otherwise provided, shall continue and
remain unaffected by the adoption of this constitution. All indictments
which shall have been found or may hereafter be found, for any crime or
offense committed before this constitution takes effect, may be proceeded
upon as if no change had taken place, except as otherwise provided in
this constitution.

Sec. 3. All county and probate courts, as now constituted and organ-
ized, shall continue with their jurisdiction, until the general assembly
shall by law conform them in their organization to the requirements of this
constitution. „

Sec. 4. All criminal courts organized and existing under the laws of
this state, and not specially provided for in thio constitution, shall continue
to exist until otherwise provided by law.

Sec. 5. All courts of common pleas existing and organized in cities

160d constitution of Missouri.

and towns having a population exceeding three thousand five hundred in-
habitants, and such as by the law of their creation are presided over by a
judge of a circuit court, shall continue to exist and exercise their present
jurisdiction, until otherwise provided by law. All other courts of common
pleas shall cease to exist at the expiration of the present terms of office of
the several judges thereof.

Sec. 6. All persons now filling any office or appointment in this state,
shall continue in the exercise of the duties thereof, according to their re-
spective commissions or appointments, unless otherwise provided by law.

Sec. 7. Upon the adoption of this constitution, all appeals to, and
writs of error from the supreme court, shall be returnable to the supreme
court at the city of Jefferson.

Sec. 8. Until the general assembly shall make provision for the pay-
ment of the state and railroad indebtedness of this state, in pursuance of
section fourteen of article ten of this constitution, there shall be levied
and collected an annual tax of one-fifth of one per centum on all real estate
and other property and effects subject to taxation, the proceeds of which
shall be applied to the payment of the interest on the bonded debt of this
state as it matures, and the surplus, if any, shall be paid into the sinking
fund and thereafter applied to the payment of such indebtedness, and to
no other purpose.

Sec. 9. This constitution shall be submitted to the people of this state
for adoption or rejection, at an election to be held for that purpose only, on
Saturday, the thirtieth day of October, one thousand eight hundred and
seventy-five. Every person entitled to vote under the constitution and
laws of this state shall be entitled to vote for the adoption or rejection of
this constitution. Said election shall be held, and said qualified electors
shall vote at the usual places of voting in the several counties of this state;
and said election shall be conducted, and returns thereof made, according
to the laws now in force regulating general elections.

Sec. 10. The clerks of the several county courts in this state, shall, at
least five days before said election, cause to be delivered to the judges of
election in each election district or precinct, in their respective counties,
suitable blank poll books, forms of return and five times the number of
properly prepared printed ballots for said election, that there are voters in
said respective districts, the expense whereof shall be allowed and paid by
the several county courts, as other county expenditures are allowed and
paid.

Sec. 11. At said election the ballots shall be in the following form:
New constitution ticket, (erase the clause you do not favor.) New consti-
tution, — Yes. New constitution, — No. Each of said ticket sshall be
counted as a vote for or against this constitution, as the one clause or the
other may be canceled with ink or pencil by the voter, and returns thereot
shall be made accordingly. If both clauses of the ticket be erased, or if
neither be erased, the ticket shall not be counted.

Sec. 12. The returns of the whole vote cast for the adoption and
against the adoption of this constitution shall be made by the several
clerks, as now provided by law in case of the election of state officers, to
the secretary of state, within twenty days after the election ; and the re-
turns of said votes shall, within ten days thereafter, be examined and
canvassed by the state auditor, state treasurer and secretary of state, or
any two of them, in the presence of the governor, and proclamation shall
be made by the governor forthwith of the result of the canvass.

CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI.

160E

Sec. 13. If, upon such canvass, it shall appear that a majority of the
votes polled were in favor of the new constitution, then this constitution
shall, on and after the thirtieth day of November, one thousand eight hun-
dred and seventy-five, be the supreme law of the state of Missouri, and the
present existing constitution shall thereupon cease in all its provisions;
but if it shall appear that a majority of the votes polled were against the
new constitution, then this constitution shall be null and void, and the
existing constitution shall continue in force.

Sec. 14. The provisions of this schedule required to be executed prior
to the adoption or rejection of this constitution, shall take effect and be in
force immediately.

Sec. 15. The general assembly shall pass all such laws as may be
necessary to carry this constitution into full effect.

Sec. 16. The present secretary of state, state auditor, attorney-general,,
and superintendent of public schools, shall, during the remainder of their
terms of office, unless otherwise directed by law, receive the same com-
pensation and fees as is now provided by law ; and the present state treas-
urer shall, during the remainder of the term of his office, continue to be
governed by existing law, in the custody and disposition of the state
funds, unless otherwise directed by law.

Sec. 17. Section twelve of [the] bill of rights shall not be so construed
as to prevent arrests and preliminary examination in any criminal case.

Done in convention, at the capitol, in the city of Jefferson, on the second day of August,
in the year of our Lord, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, and of the inde-
pendence of the United States the one hundredth.

WALDO P. JOHNSON, President, St. Clair county.
N. W. WATKINS, Vice President, Scott county.
Letcher, Wm. H., Saline.

Adams, Washington, Cooper,
Allen, DeWitt O, Clay.
Alexander, A. M., Monroe.
Black, Francis K., Jackson.
Boone, Henry, DeKalb.
Bradfield, George W., Laclede.
Broadhead, James O., St. Louis.
Brokmeyer, Henry C, St. Louis.
Carleton, George W., Pemiscot.
Chrisman, William, Jackson.
Conway, Edmund V., St. Francois.
Cottey, Louis F., Knox.
Crews, T. W. B., Franklin.
Crockett, Samuel R., Vernon.
Davis, Lowndey Henry, Cape Girardeau.
Dryden, Leonidas J., Warren.
Dysart, Benjamin Robert, Macon.
Edwards, John F. T., Iron.
Edwards, James C, St. Louis.
Eitzen, Charles D., Gasconade.
Farris, James L., Ray.
Fyan, Robert W. Webster.
Gantt, Thomas Tasker, St. Louis.
Gottschalk, Louis, St. Louis.
Hale, John B., Carroll.
Halliburton, W., Sullivan.
Hammond, Charles, Chariton.
Hardin, Neil Cameron, Pike.
Holliday, J. A., Caldwell.
Hyer, John, Dent.
Johnson, Horace B., Cole.
Johnston, T. J., Nodoway.
Lackland, Henry Clay, St. Charles.

Attest •

Lay, Alfred M., Cole.
Mabrey, Pinckney, Ripley.
Massey, B. F., Newton.
Maxey, James Harvey, Howell,
McAfee, Charles B., Greene.
McKee, Archibald V., Lincoln.
McCabe, Edward, Marion.
McKillop, Malcomb, Atchison.
Mortell, Nicholas A., St. Louis.
Mudd, Henry Thomas, St. Louis.
Nickerson, Edmund A., Johnson.
Norton, Elijah Hise, Platte.
Pipkin, Philip, Jefferson.
Priest, William, Platte.
Pulitzer, Joseph, St. Louis.
Ray, John, Barry.
Rider, J. H., Bollinger.
Ripey, J. R., Schuyler.
Roberts, James C, Buchanan.
Ross, J. P., Morgan.
Ross, John W., Polk.
Rucker, John Fleming, Boone.
ShackelfoRd, Thomas, Howard.
Shanklin, John H., Grundy.
Shields, George H., St. Louis.
Spaunhorst, Henry J., St. Louis.
Switzler, William F., Boone.
Taylor, John H., Jasper.
Taylor, Amos Riley, St. Louis.
Todd, Albert, St. Louis.
Wagner, L. J , Scotland.
Wallace, Henry C, Lafayette.

G. N. NOLAN, Secretary.

J. Boyle Adams, Assistant Secretary

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Abstract of Missouri State Laws.

BILLS OF EXCHANGE.

A bill of exchange is a written order from one person to another, direct-
ing the person to whom it is addressed to pay to a third person a certain
sum of money therein named.

The person making the bill is called the maker. The person to whom
it is directed is called the drawee, and the person in whose favor the bill
of exchange is made payable, is called the payee, and the person who
acceepts a bill of exchange, is called the acceptor.

A bill of exchange may be negotiable or non-negotiable; if negotiable, it
may be transferred either before or after acceptance. To make it negotia-
ble it must be payable to the order of the payee, or to the bearer, or must
•contain other equivalent or operative words of transfer.

Bills of exchange containing no words of transfer, are non-negotiable.

The usual form of accepting bills of exchange, is by writing " accepted "
across the bill, and signing the acceptor's name.

After such acceptance the acceptor becomes liable for the payment of
the bill upon its maturity.

No person within this state shall be charged as an acceptor of a bill of
•exchange unless his acceptance shall be in writing signed by himself, or
his lawful agent.

If such acceptance be written on a paper other than the bill, it shall not
bind the acceptor. Except in favor of a person to whom such acceptance
shall have been shown, and who upon the faith thereof shall have received
the bill for a valuable consideration.

An unconditional promise in writing to accept a bill before it is
drawn, will be binding upon the acceptor in favor of any person who
upon the faith of such written promise shall have received the bill for a
valuable consideration.

Every holder of a bill presenting the same for acceptance, may require
that the acceptance be written on the bill, and a refusal to comply with
such request, shall be deemed a refusal to accept, and the bill may be pro-
tested for non-acceptance.

Every person upon whom a bill of exchange may be drawn, and to
whom the same shall be delivered for acceptance, who shall destroy such
bill or refuse within twenty-four hours after such delivery, or within such
period as the holder may allow to return the bill accepted or non-accepted
to the holders, shall be deemed to have accepted the same.

ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS. 1G1

When any bill of exchange expressed to be for value received, drawn
or negotiated within this state, shall be duly presented for acceptance or
payment, and protested for non-acceptance or non-payment, there shall be
allowed and paid to the holders by the drawer and endorsers having due
notice of the dishonor of the bill, damages in the following cases: Firsts
if the bill shall have been drawn by any person, at any place within this
state, at the rate of four per centum on the principal sum specified in the
bill. Second, if the bill shall have been drawn on any person, at any
place out of this state, but within the United States or territories thereof,
at the rate of two per centum on the principal sum specified in the bill.
Third, if the bill shall have been drawn on any person, at any part or
place without the United States and their territories, at the rate of
twenty per centum on the principal sum specified in the bill.

If any bill of exchange expressed to be for value received, shall be
drawn on any person, at any place within this state, and accepted, and
payment shall not be duly made by the acceptor, there shall be allowed
and paid to the holder, by the acceptor, damages in the following cases:
First, if the bill be drawn by any person, at any place within this state,
at the rate of four per centum on the principal sum therein specified.
Second, if the bill be drawn by any person, at any place without this
state, but within the United States or territories, at the rate of ten per
centum on the principal sum therein specified.

The damages herein allowed shall be recovered only by the holder of
a bill, who shall have purchased the bill or acquired some interest therein,
for valuable consideration. In cases of non-acceptance or non-pavment
of a bill, drawn at any place within this state, on any person at a place
within the same, no damages shall be recovered, if payment of the prin-
cipal sum, with interest and charges of protest, be paid within twenty
days after demand, or notice of the dishonor of the bill.

If the contents of a bill be expressed in the money of account of the
United States, the amount due and the damages therein, shall be ascer-
tained and determined without any reference to the rate of exchange
existing between this state and the place on which the bill shall have been
drawn, at the time of demand of payment or notice of the dishonor of the
bill.

If the contents of such bill be expressed in the money of account or
currency of any foreign country, then the amount due, exclusive of dam-
ages, shall be ascertained and determined by the rate of exchange, or the
value of such foreign currency at the time of payment. .

Every bill of exchange, draft or order drawn either within this state or

elsewhere upon any person residing within this state, payable on its face

at sight, or on demand, shall be deemed and considered to be due and

payable on the day it is presented, or demanded, any usage or custom
11

162 ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS.

here or elsewhere to the contrary notwithstanding, and if not so paid,
may be protested for non-payment.

If in any suit founded upon any negotiable promissory note or bill of
exchange, or in which such bill or note is produced, might be allowed in
the defense of any suit, it appear on the trial that such note or bill was
lost while it belonged to the party claiming the amount due thereon,
parol or other evidence of the contents thereof, may be given on such
trial, and such party shall be entitled to recover the amount due thereon
as if such note or bill had been produced.

To entitle a party to such recovery, he or some responsible person for
him, shall execute a bond to the adverse party in a penalty at least double
the amount of such note or bill, with two sufficient securities, to be
approved by the court in which the trial shall be had, conditioned to
indemnify the adverse party against all claims by any other person on
account of such note or bill, and against all costs and expenses by reason
of such claim.

BILLS OF EXCHANGE AND PROMISSORY NOTES.

A promissory note is a written promise to pay a certain sum of money
at a future time, unconditionally.

The person to whom the money is payable is called the payee.

The maker is the one who promises to pay the money when the note
becomes due.

A note payable to bearer is negotiated or transferred by mere delivery,
and the possession of the note is prima facie proof of title,

A note payable to the order of a particular person is transferred or
negotiated by writing the name of the person upon the back of the note,
which is called an endorsement. The person making the endorsement
is called the endorser. The person for whose benefit it is made is called
the endorsee.

Every promissory note for the payment of money to the payee therein
named, or order or bearer, and expressed to be for value received, shall be
due and payable as therein expressed and shall have the same effect and
be negotiable in like manner as inland bills of exchange.

The payee and endorsers of every such negotiable note payable to them
or order, and the holder of every such note payable to bearer may main-
tain actions for the sums of money therein mentionefl, against the makers
and endorsers of them in like manner as in cases of inland bills of exchange,
and not otherwise.

Such negotiable promissory note made payable to the order of the
maker thereof, or to the order of a fictitious person shall, if negotiated by
the maker, have the same effect and be of the same validity as against the
maker, and all persons having knowledge of the facts, as if payable to

ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS. 163

bearer. Provided, That negotiable note in the hands of the purchaser of
the same from the makers by way of discount or investment if protested
for non-payment at maturity, shall not be subjected to damages.

When the day of payment of any bond, bill of exchange, or promissory
note, shall according to its terms, be a Sunday, Christmas day, Thanks-
giving day (State or National), New Years day, or a Fourth of July, its
payment shall be deemed due and be demandable on such day next before
its day of payment, according to its terms, as shall not be one of the days
above specified.

A notarial protest is evidence of a demand and refusal to pay a bill of
exchange or negotiable promissory note, at the time and in the manner
stated in such protest.

FORM OF NEGOTIABLE NOTE.

$1,000. Kansas City, Mo., Aug. 1, 1869.

Thirty days after date, I promise to pay Richard Roe, or order,
One Thousand Dollars, value received, with interest after due at the rate
of ten per cent per annum. Louis Roy.

NON-NEGOTIABLE NOTE.

$100.00. Kansas City, Mo., Aug, 1, 1869.

Thirty days after date, I promise to pay Richard Roe,
One Hundred Dollars, value received, with interest from date, at the rate
of ten per cent per annum. Louis Roy.

INTEREST.

The legal rate of interest is six per cent.

Parties may agree in writing for the payment of interest not exceeding
ten per cent.

Money due upon judgments or order of court, shall draw interest from
the day of rendering the same. All such judgments and orders for money
upon contracts, bearing more than six per cent., shall bear the same inter-
est borne by such contracts. All other judgments and orders for money
shall draw six per cent.

If a greater rate of interest than ten per cent, is contracted for, and suit
brought upon the same, judgment will be entered for six per cent., and
the whole interest shall be set apart for, and become a part of the com-
mon school fund.

Parties may contract in writing for the payment of interest upon inter-
est; but interest shall not be compounded oftener than once a year.
Where a different rate is not expressed, interest upon interest shall be at
the same rate as interest on the principal debt.

164 ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS.

DESCENTS AND DISTRIBUTION OF PROPERTY.

Property in this state shall be distributed in the following course, sub-
ject to the payment of debts and the widow's dower:

First. To the children or their descendants in equal parts.

Second. If there be no children or their descendants, then to the father,
mother, brothers and sisters, and their descendants, in equal parts.

Third. If there be no children, or their descendants, father, mother,
brother or sister, or their descendants, then to the husband or wife.
If there be no husband "or wife, then to the grandfather, grandmother,
uncles and aunts, and their descendants, in equal parts.

Fourth. If there be no children or their descendants, father, mother,
sister, brother or their descendants, husband or wife, grandfather, grand-
mother, uncles, aunts, nor their descendants, then to the great-grandfather,
great-grandmother, and their descendants, in equal parts, and so on in
other cases without end, passing to the nearest lineal ancestors and their
children, and their descendants, in equal parts.

Posthumous children, or descendants of the intestate, shall inherit in
like manner as if born in the lifetime of the intestate. This does not
apply to anyone other than the children or descendants of the intestate
unless they are in being and capable in law to take as heirs at the time of
the intestate's death.

If there be no children or their descendants, father, mother, brother or
sister, nor their descendants, husband or wife, nor any paternal or mater-
nal kindred capable of inheriting, the whole shall go to the kindred of the
wife or husband of the intestate in the like course as if such wife or hus-
band had survived the intestate and then died entitled to the estate.

If any of the children receive any real or personal estate in the lifetime
of the intestate by way of advancement, shall choose to come into par-
tition with the other heirs, such advancement shall be brought into
hatchpot with the estate descended.

Maintaining, educating, or giving money to a child under majority
without any view to a portion or settlement, shall not be deemed an
advancement.

Bastards shall inherit and be capable of transmitting inheritance on the
part of their mother, and such mother may inherit from her bastard
child or children in like manner as if they had been lawfully begotten of
her.

The issues of all marriages decreed null in law or dissolved by divorce
shall be legitimate.

Persons of color shall inherit as above set forth, providing it shall
appear to the court that they are residents of this state, or if residents of
some other state, are free persons.

The children of all parents who were slaves, and who were living

ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS. 165

together in good faith as man and wife at the time of the birth of such
children, shall be deemed to be the legitimate children of such parents.
All children of any one mother who was a slave at the time of her birth
shall be deemed lawful brothers and sisters for the purposes of this
chapter.

WILLS.

The term will, or last will and testament, means the disposition of one's
property, to take effect after death. No exact form of words is neces-
sary in order to make a will good at law.

Every person of twenty-one years of age and upward, of sound mind,
may, by last will, devise all his estate, real, personal and mixed, and all
interest therein, saving the widow her dower. Every person over the
age of eighteen years, of sound mind, may by last will, dispose of his
goods and chatties. Every will must be in writing, signed by the testator
or by some person by his direction, in his presence, and shall be attested
by two or more competent witnesses, subscribing their names to the will
in the presence of the testator.

No will in writing, except in cases hereinafter mentioned, nor any part
thereof, shall be revoked, except by a subsequent will in writing, or by
burning, canceling, tearing or obliterating the same by the testator, or in
his presence, and by his consent and direction.

If, after making a will disposing of the whole estate of the testator,
such testator shall marry, and die, leaving issue by such marriage living
at the time of his death, or shall leave issue of such marriage born to
him after his death, such will shall be deemed revoked, unless provisions
shall have been made for such issue by some settlement, or unless such
issue shall be provided for in the will, and no evidence shall be received to
rebut the presumption of such revocation.

A will executed by an unmarried woman shall be deemed revoked by
her subsequent marriage.

If a person make his will and die leaving children not provided for,
although born after making the will, he shall be deemed to die intestate,
and such children shall be entitled to such proportion as if he had died
intestate. All other heirs or legatees must refund their proportionate part.

The county court or clerk thereof in vacation subject to the confirma-
tion or rejection of the court, shall take the proof of the last will of the
testator.

GENERAL FORM OF WILL FOR REAL AND PERSONAL

PROPERTY. ,

I, Richard Johnson, of Carroll county, in the state of Missouri, being
of sound mind and memory, and of full age, do hereby make and publish
this, my last will and testament, hereby revoking all former wills, by me
made.

166 ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS.

First. I direct the payment of all lawful claims against my estate, to
be made out of the proceeds of the sale of my personal property.

Second. I give, devise and bequeath to my eldest son, John B. Johnson,
the sum of five thousand dollars of bank stock, in the First National
Bank of Lexington, Missouri, and the farm owned by myself in the town-
ship of , in the county of Saline, consisting of 100 acres, with all

the houses, tenements and improvements thereunto belonging, to have
and to hold unto my said son, his heirs and assigns forever.

Third. I give, devise, and bequeath to each of my daughters, Mary E.
Johnson and Clara B. Johnson, each five thousand dollars in bank stock,.
in the First National Bank, of Lexington, Missouri; and also, each one

quarter section of land owned by myself, situated in the township of >

Ray county, Missouri.

Fourth. I give, devise and bequeath to my son, Frank R. Johnson, the
farm owned by myself, situated in Chariton county, Missouri, consisting
of six hundred and forty acres, together with all stock, houses, and
improvements, thereunto belonging.

Fifth. I give to my wife, Elizabeth Johnson, all my household furni-
ture, goods, chattels and personal property about my house, not hitherto
disposed of, including six thousand dollars of bank stock, in the First
National Bank of Lexington, Missouri, and the free and unrestricted use,
possession and benefit of the home farm, so long as she may live- — said
farm being my present place of residence.

Sixth. I give and bequeath to my mother, Martha Johnson, the income
from rents of my store building, at No. 905 Pine street, St. Louis, Mis-
souri, during the term of her natural life, said building and land therewith
to revert to my sons and daughters, in equal proportions, upon the demise
of my said mother.

Seventh. It is also mv will and desire that at the death of mv wife, Eliz-
abeth Johnson, that the above mentioned homestead may revert to my
above named children, or to the lawful heirs of each.

Eighth. I appoint as my executors of this, my last will and testament,
my wife, Elizabeth Johnson, and my eldest son John B. Johnson.

In witness whereof, I, Richard Johnson, to this, my last will and testa-
ment, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this fourth day of June,
eighteen hundred and seventy-five. Richard Johnson.

Signed and declared by Richard Richard Johnson, as and for his last
will and testament, in the presence of each other, have subscribed our
names hereunto, as witnesses thereof.

Edward Davison, Sedalia, Missouri.

Frederick Jones, Marshall, Missouri,

ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS. 167

CODICIL.

Whereas, I, Richard Johnson, did, on the fourth day of June, one
thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, make my last will and testa-
ment, I do now, by this writing add this codicil to my said will, to be
taken as part thereof.

Whereas, By the dispensation of Providence, my daughter, Clara B.
Johnson, has deceased, March the first, eighteen hundred and seventy-
six; and whereas, a son has been born to me, which son is now christened
David S. Johnson, I give and bequeath unto him my gold watch, and all
right, interest and title in lands and bank stock, and chattels bequeathed
to my deceased daughter, Clara B., in the body of this will.

In witness whereof, I hereunto place my hand and seal, this tenth day
of March, eighteen hundred and seventy-seven. Richard Johnson.

Signed, sealed, published and declared to us, by the testator, Richard
Johnson, as and for a codicil, to be annexed to his will and testament; and
we, at his request and in his presence, and in the presence of each other
have subscribed our names as witnesses thereto, at the date hereof.

Peter Brown, Lexington, Missouri.
Robert Burr, Richmond, Missouri.

% TAXES.

For the support of the government of the state, the payment of the
public debt, and the advancement of the public interest, taxes shall be
levied on all property, real and personal, except as stated below:

No tax shall be assessed for or imposed by any city, county, or other
municipal corporation, or for their use upon the following property: All
houses, necessary furniture and equipments thereof, used exclusively for
public worship, and the lot of ground on which the same may be erected.
All orphan or other asylums, for the relief of the sick or needy, with their
furniture and equipments, and the lands on which they are erected and
used therewith, so long as the same shall be held and used for that pur-
pose onlv ; all universities, colleges, academies, schools, and all other sem-
inaries of learning, with the furniture and equipments, and land thereto,
belonging or used immediately therewith, and their endowment fund,
when not invested in real estate, so long as the same shall be employed
for that purpose only. Provided, That the land hereby exempted from
taxation, belonging' to any of the last named institutions, in any city or
town, shall not exceed two acres, and in the county, not exceed five acres.
And further -provided, That such property, so exempted, shall not be
under rent to any person, corporation, or society, and shall not, in any
way or manner, be paying or yielding any rent or profit. Cemeteries
and graveyards set apart and used for that purpose only. All real estate
and other property belonging to any incorporated agricultural society, so

168 ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS.

long as the same shall be employed for the use of such society and none
other. All libraries and their furniture and equipments, belonging to any
library association or society. Nothing in this section shall be construed
as to exempt from municipal or local taxation any description of property,
when the same is held for the purpose of pecuniary profit or speculation.

Lots in incorporated cities or towns, or within one mile of the limits of
such city or town, to the extent of one acre, and lots, one mile distant
from such cities or towns, to the extent of five acres, with the buildings
thereon, when the same are used exclusively for religious worship, for
schools, or for purposes purely charitable, shall be exempt from taxation
for state, county, or local purposes.

There shall be annually assessed and collected on the assessed value of
all the real estate and personal property subject by law to taxation in the
state one-fifth of one per centum for state revenue and one-fifth of one
per centum for the payment of all state indebtedness.

The assessor or his deputy or deputies shall, between the first days of
August and January, and after being furnished with the necessary books
and blanks by the county clerk, at the expense of the county, proceed to take
a list of the taxable personal property in his county, town, or district, and
assess the value thereof in the manner following, to-wit: He shall call at
the office, place of doing business, or residence of each person required
by this act to list property, and shall require such person to make a cor-
rect statement of all taxable property owned by such person, or under
the care, charge, or management of such person, except merchandise,
which may be required to pay a license tax, being in any county in this
state, in accordance with the provisions of this act, and the person listing
the property shall enter a true and correct statement of such property in
a printed or written blank prepared for that purpose, which statement,
after being filled out, shall be signed and sworn to, to the extent required
by this act. by the person listing the property, and delivered to the
assessor, and such assessor's book shall be arranged and divided into two
parts: The "land list" and the "personal property list." If any tax-
payer shall fail or neglect to pay such collector his taxes at the time and
place required by such notices, then it shall be the duty of the collector
after the first day of January then next, to collect and account for as
other taxes, an additional tax, as a penalty, of one per cent per month
upon all taxes collected by him after the first day of January, as afore-
said, and in computing said additional tax or penalty a fractional part of
a month shall not be counted as a whole month. Collectors shall on the
day of their annual settlement with the county court, file with said court a
statement under oath of the amount so received, and from whom received,
and settle with the court therefor; -provided, however, that said interest
shall not be chargeable against persons who are absent from their homes

ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS. 169

and engaged in the military service of this state, or of the United
States, or against any taxpayer who shall pay his taxes to the col-
lector at any time before the first day of January in each year; provided
that the provisions of this section shall apply to the city of St. Louis so
far as the same relates to the addition of said interest, which in said city
shall be collected and accounted for by the collector as other taxes, for
which he shall receive no compensation.

Every county collector shall on or before the fifteenth day of each
month pay to the state treasurer all taxes or licenses received by him
prior to the first day of the month.

The sheriff's deed executed to the purchaser of real estate under a sale
for delinquent taxes, which shall be acknowledged before the circuit court
of the county or city as in ordinary cases; shall convey a title in fee to
such purchaser of the real estate therein named, and shall be -prima facie
evidence of title, and the matters and things therein stated are true.

COURTS OF RECORD— THEIR JURISDICTION.

SUPREME COURT.

At the general election, in the year one thousand eight hundred and
sixty-eight, all the judges of the supreme court shall be elected by the
qualified voters of the state and shall enter upon their office on the first
Monday of January, next ensuing. At the first session of the courts there-
after, the judges shall by lot determine the duration of their several terms
of office, which shall be respectively, two, four and six years, and shall
certify the result to the secretary of state; at the general election every
two years after said election, one judge of said court shall be elected to
hold office for the period of six years from the first Monday of January
next ensuing. The judge having at an)- time the shortest term to serve,
shall be the presiding judge of the court.

The supreme court shall hold two sessions annually in the capitol, at the
.seat of government, on the second Monday in January and the first Mon-
day in July ; two sessions annually at the city of St. Joseph, on the third
Monday of February and August, and two sessions annually at the city of
St. Louis, on the third Mondays in March and October.

CIRCUIT COURT.

The circuit courts in the respective counties in which they may be held
shall have power of jurisdiction as follows: First, as courts of law in all
criminal cases which shall not be otherwise provided by law. Second,
exclusive original jurisdiction in all civil cases which shall not be cogniza-
ble before the county court and justices of the peace and not otherwise
provided by law. Third, concurrent original jurisdiction with justices of
the peace in all actions founded upon contract, when the debt, or balance

170 ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS.

due, or damages claimed, exclusive of interest, shall exceed fifty dollars
and not exceed ninety dollars; in all actions on bonds and notes for the
payment of any sum of money exceeding fifty dollars, exclusive of interest,
and not exceeding one hundred and fifty dollars; and in all actions for
injuries to persons, or to personal or real property, wherein the damages
claimed shall exceed twenty and not exceed fifty dollars. Fourth, appel-
late jurisdiction from the judgments and orders of county court and justices
of the peace ; in all cases not expressly prohibited by law, and shall possess
a superintending control over them. Fifth, a general control over exec-
utors, administrators, guardians, curators, minors, idiots, lunatics, and per-
sons of unsound mind.

COUNTY COURTS.

The county courts shall be composed of three members, to be styled
" the justices of the county court," and each county where the court is
composed of three justices, may be districted by the county court, if they
think the good of the county will be promoted thereby, into three dis-
tricts, as near equal in population as practicable without dividing munic-
ipal townships, and each district shall elect and be entitled to one of the
justices of the county court.

The justices of the county court shall be elected by the qualified elec-
tors in the several counties in this state, and shall hold their offices for the
term of six years, and until their successors are duly elected and qualified.

The several county courts shall, when not otherwise provided by law,
have exclusive original jurisdiction in all cases relative to the probate of
last wills and testaments; the granting letters testamentary, and of
administration, and repealing the same; appointing and displacing the
guardians of orphans, minors, and persons of unsound mind; in binding
out apprentices, and in the settlement and allowance of accounts of exec-
utors, administrators and guardians. To hear and determine all disputes
and controversies whatsoever, respecting wills, the right of executorship,
administration and guardianship, or respecting the duties or accounts of
executors, administrators or guardians, and all controversies and disputes
between masters and their apprentices. To hear and determine all suits
and other proceedings, instituted against executors or administrators
upon any demand against the estate of their testator or intestate, when
such demand shall not exceed one hundred dollars; and concurrent juris-
diction with the circuit court in all such cases, when the demand shall
exceed that sum, subject to appeal in all cases to the circuit court in such
manner as may be provided by law.

The said courts shall moreover have the control and management of
the property, real and personal, belonging to the courts, and shall have
full power and authority to purchase or receive by donation, any prop-
erty, real or personal, for the use and benefit of the county. To sell and

ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS. 171

cause to be conveyed, any real estate, goods or chattels belonging to the
county, appropriating the proceeds of such sale to the use of the same,
and to audit and settle all demands against the county.

PROBATE COURT.

A probate court is a court of record, consisting of one judge, and has
jurisdiction over all matters pertaining to probate business, to granting
letters testamentary, and of administration; the appointment of guar-
dians and curators of minors and persons of unsound mind; settling the
accounts of executors, administrators, curators and guardians, and the
sale or leasing of lands by administrators, curators, and guardians, and
over all matters relating to apprentices; and such judges shall have the
power to solemnize marriages.

LIMITATION OF ACTIONS.

CRIMINAL PROCEDURE.

Offenses punishable with death or imprisonment in the penitentiary dur-
ing life, may be prosecuted at any time after the offense shall have been
committed.

For felonies other than above mentioned, within three years after the
commission of the offense.

For any offense other than felony or fine or forfeiture, within one year
after the commission of the offense.

Actions and suits upon statute for penalty or forfeiture given in whole
or part, to any person who will prosecute within one year after the com-
missions of the offense.

When penalty is given in whole or in part to the state, or county or city
or the treasurer of the same, suit must be brought within two years.

Actions upon any statute for any penalty or forfeiture given in whole or
in part to the party aggrieved within three years.

Actions against moneyed corporations, or against the directors or stock-
holders of the same, shall be brought within six years of the discovery.

LIMITATION OF PERSONAL ACTIONS.

Civil actions other than those for the recovery of real property, must
be commenced within the periods here prescribed.

Actions upon any writing, whether sealed or unsealed, for the pay-
ment of money or property, within ten years.

Actions brought on any covenant of warranty in deed, or conveyance
of land, within ten years.

Actions on any covenant of seizure contained in any such deed, within
ten years.

Actions upon contracts, obligations, or liabilities express or implied,
except as above mentioned, and except upon judgments or decrees of a
court of record, within five vears.

172 ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS.

Actions upon liability created by statute, other than penalty or forfeiture,
five years.

Actions for trespass on real estate, five years.

Actions for taking, detaining, or injuring any goods or chattels, includ-
ing actions for the recovery of specific personal property, or for any other
injury to the person or rights of another not arising on contract and not
. otherwise enumerated, five years.

Actions for relief on the ground of fraud, five years.

Actions against a sheriff', coroner, or other public officer upon a liability
incurred by doing an act in his official capacity, or the omission of an
official duty, non-payment of money collected, etc., three years.

Actions upon a statute for a penalty or forfeiture where the action is
given to the party aggrieved, or to such party and the state, three years.

Actions for libel, slander, assault and battery, false imprisonment, or
criminal conversation, two years.

LIMITATIONS OF ACTIONS RELATING TO REAL PROPERTY.

Actions for the recovery of any lands, tenements, or hereditaments, or
for the recovery of the possession thereof, shall be commenced by any
person whether citizen, denizen, alien, resident or non-resident, unless
his ancestor, predecessor, grantor, or other person under whom he claims
was seized or possessed of the premises in question, within ten years
before the commencement of such actions, except in case of military bounty
lands, which must be brought within two years.

No entry upon any lands, tenements or hereditaments shall be valid as a
■claim, unless the action be commenced thereon within one year after the
making of such entry, and within ten years from the time when the right
to make such entry accrued.

If any person entitled to bring an action as above stated, shall be under
twenty-one years of age, or imprisoned for less than life, or insane, or a
married woman, the time during such disability shall continue, shall not be
deemed any portion of the time limited for the commencement of such
action or the making of such entry after the time so limited, and may be
brought in three years afoer the disability is removed.

If any person having the right to bring such action or make such entry,
die during the disability mentioned, and no determination be had of the
right, title, or action to him accrued, his heirs or any one claiming under
him, may commence such action within three years.

JURIES.

SELECTION OF GRAND JURY.

A grand jury shall consist of twelve men, and, unless otherwise ordered,
as hereinafter provided, it shall be the duty of the sheriff of each county
in the state to summon within the time prescribed by law a panel of

ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS. 173

grand jurors, consisting of twelve good and lawful men, selected from
the different townships of his county, as near as may be in proportion to
the number of male citizens in each, to be returned to each regular term
of the courts in his county having criminal jurisdiction.

Every juror, grand and petit, shall be a male citizen of the state,
resident in the county, sober and intelligent, of good reputation, over
twenty-one years of age, and otherwise qualified.

In all counties having a population less than twenty thousand inhabit-
ants, every juror, grand and petit, shall be a male citizen of the state,
resident in the county, sober and intelligent, of good reputation, over
twenty-one years of age, and otherwise qualified.

No exception to a juror on account of his citizenship, non-residence,
state, or age, or other legal disability, shall be allowed after the jury is
sworn.

No person being a member of any volunteer fire department duly
organized and ready for active service; no person employed in any paid
fire department, and no person exercising the functions of a clergyman,
practitioner of medicine, or attorney-at-law, clerk or other officer of any
court, ferry-keeper, postmaster, overseer of roads, coroner, constable,
miller, professor or other teacher in anj* school or institution of learning,
judge of a court of record, or any person over the age of sixty-five years
shall be compelled to serve on any jury.

No person shall be summoned to serve at more than one term of court,
either as grand or petit juror, within the period of one year in any court
of record. Each person summoned under this act shall receive one dollar
and fifty cents per clay for every- day he shall serve as such, and five cents
for every mile he may necessarily travel in going from his place of resi-
dence to the court house and returning to the same, to be paid out of the
county treasury.

All persons duly summoned as grand or petit jurors may be attached
for non-attendance, and fined by the court for contempt in any sum not
exceeding fifty dollars, in the discretion of the court.

In all suits which hereafter may be pending in any court of record in
this state the clerk shall, if a jury be sworn to try the same, tax up as
other costs against the unsuccessful party a jury fee of six dollars, which
shall be collected by the sheriff, and paid into the hands of the county
treasurer, who shall keep an account thereof, in a separate book to be
provided for that purpose, and the money so collected and paid in shall
constitute a jury fund.

Grand jurors shall not be compelled to serve on a petit jury during the
same term.

In all civil cases in courts of record, where a jury is demanded, there
shall be summoned and returned eighteen qualified jurors; but in appeal

174 ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS.

cases the number shall be the same as allowed by law in the courts from
which the appeals are taken, and the number of peremptory challenges in
addition.

In the trial of civil causes, each party shall be entitled to challenge per-
emptorily three jurors.

MARRIED WOMEN.

The homestead of every housekeeper or head of a family, consisting of
a dwelling-house and appurtenances, and the land used in connection there-
with, which shall be used by such housekeeper or head of a family as such
homestead, shall be exempt from attachment and execution. Such home-
stead in the country shall not include more than 160 acres of land or exceed
the total value of $1,500; and in cities having a population of 40,000 or
more such homestead shall not include more than eighteen square rods of
ground, or exceed the total value of three thousand dollars; and in cities
or incorporated towns and villages having a less population than 40,000,
such homestead shall not include more than thirty square rods of ground,
or exceed the total value of $1,500. After the riling by the wife of her
claim upon the homestead as such, the husband shall be debarred from
and incapable of selling, mortgaging or alienating the homestead in any
manner whatever.

A husband and wife may convev the real estate of the wife, and the
wife may relinquish her dower in the real estate of her husband, by their
joint deed, acknowledged and certified as herein provided, but no covenant
expressed or implied in such deed shall bind the wife or the heirs except
so far as may be necessary effectually to convey from her or her heirs all
her right, title and interest expressed to be conveyed therein.

A married woman may convey her real estate or relinquish her dower
in the real estate of her husband by a power of attorney authorizing its
conveyance, executed and acknowledged by her jointly with her husband,
as deeds conveying real estate by them are required to be executed and
acknowledged.

If any married woman shall hold real estate in her own right, and her
husband, by criminal conduct toward her, or by ill usage, shall give such
married woman cause to live separate and apart from her husband, such
woman may by her next friend petition the circuit court, setting forth such
facts, and therein pray that such estate may be enjoyed by her for her
sole use and benefit.

Any personal property, including rights in action, belonging to any
woman at her marriage, or which may have come to her during coverture
by gift, bequest or inheritance, or by purchase with her separate money
or means, or be due as the wages of her separate labor, or have grown
out of any violation of her personal rights, shall, together with all income,
increase and profits thereof, be and remain her separate property, and

ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS. 175

under her sole control, and shall not be liable to be taken by any process
of law for the debts of her husband.

EXEMPTIONS FROM EXECUTION.

Whenever the personal property of any homestead or head of a family
shall be attached or taken in execution, the debtor therein shall claim that
the same, or any part thereof, is the product of such homestead, the officer
taking the same shall cause appraisers to be appointed and sworn, as in
the case of the levy of execution on real estate, and such appraisers shall
decide upon such claim and settle the products of such homestead to such
debtor accordingly, and the proceedings therein shall be stated by such
officer in his return.

Any policy of insurance heretofore or hereafter made by any insurance
company on the life of any person, expressed to be for the benefit of any
married woman, whether the same be effected by herself or by her hus-
band, or by any third person in her behalf, shall inure to her separate use
and benefit and that of her children, if any, independently of her husband
and of hi? creditors and representatives, and also independently of such
third person effecting the same in his behalf, his creditors and representa-
tives.

The following property only shall be exempt from attachment and exe-
cution when owned by any person other than the head of a family: First,
the wearing apparel of all persons. Second, the necessary tools and
implements of trade of any mechanic while carrying on his trade.

The following property, when owned by the head of a family, shall be
exempt from attachment and execution. First, ten head of choice hogs,
ten head of choice sheep, or the product thereof, in wool, yarn or cloth ;
two cows and calves, two plows, one axe, one hoe and one set of plow
gears and all necessary farm implements for the use of one man. Second,
working animals of the value of one hundred and fifty dollars. Third,
the spinning wheel and cards, one loom and apparatus necessary for man-
ufacturing cloth in a private family. Fourth, all the spun yarn, thread
and cloth, manufactured for family use. Fifth, any quantity of hemp, flax
and wool not exceeding twenty-five pounds each. Sixth, all wearing
apparel of the family, four beds with their usual bedding, and such other
household and kitchen furniture not exceeding the value of one hundred
dollars, as may be necessary for the family, agreeably to an inventory
thereof to be returned on oath, with the execution, by the officer whose
duty it may be to levy the same. Seventh, the necessary tools and imple-
ments of trade of any mechanic, while carrying on his trade. Eighth,
all arms and equipments required by law to be kept. Ninth, all such
provisions as may be found on hand for family use, not exceeding one
hundred dollars in value. Tenth, the bibles and other books used in a

176 ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS.

family, lettered grave stones, and one pew in a house of worship.
Eleventh, all lawyers, physicians and ministers of the gospel shall have
the privilege of selecting such books as may be necessary in their profes-
sion, in the place of other property herein allowed at their option; that
doctors of medicine in lieu of the property exempt from execution,
may be allowed to select their medicines. In all cases of the sale of per-
sonal property, the same shall be subject to execution against the pur-
chaser on a judgment for the purchase price thereof, and shall in no case
be exempt from such judgment and execution for the purchase price as
between the vendor, his assignee, heir or legal representative and pur-
chaser.

FENCES.

All fields and inclosures shall be inclosed by hedge, or with a fence
sufficiently close, composed of posts and rails, posts and palings, posts and
planks, posts and wires, palisades or rails alone, laid up in the manner com-
monly called a worm fence, or of turf with ditches on each side, or of
stone or brick.

All hedges shall be at least four feet high, and all fences composed of
posts and rails, posts and palings, posts and wire, posts and planks or pal-
isades shall be at least four and a half feet high; those composed of turf
shall be at least four feet high and writh ditches on either side, at least
three feet wide at the top and three feet deep; and what is commonly
called a worm fence shall be at least five feet high to the top of the rider,
or if not ridered shall be five feet to the top of the top rail or pole and
shall be locked with strong rails, poles or stakes ; those composed of stone
or brick shall be at least four and a half feet high.

Wherever the fence of any owner of real estate now erected or con-
structed, serves to enlose the lands of another, or which shall become a
part of the fence enclosing the land of another, on demand made by the
person owning such fence, such other person shall pay the owner one-
half the value of so much thereof as serves to enclose his land; and upon
such payment shall own an undivided half of such fence.

Provided, The person thus benefitted shall have the option to build
within eight months from date of such demand, a lawful fence half the
distance along the line covered by the above mentioned fence. The
demand shall be made in writing and served on the party interested, his
agent or attorney, or left with some member of the family over fourteen
years of age, at his usual place of abode. If the party notified fails to
comply with the demand within the specified time, the party making the
demand may, at his option, proceed to enforce the collection of one-half
the value of such fence, or remove his fence without any other or further
notice.

Every person owning a part of a division fence, shall keep the same in

ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS. 177

good repair, according to the requirements of the act, and upon neglect
or refusal to do so, shall be liable in double damages to the party injured
thereby.

If the parties interested shall fail to agree as to the value of one-half
of such fence, the owner of the fence may apply to a justice of the peace
of the township, who shall, without delay, issue an order to three disinter-
ested householders of the township, not of kin to either party, reciting the
complaint, and requiring them to view the fence, estimate the value
thereof, and make return under oath to the justice on the day named in
the order.

If the person thus assessed or charged with the value of one-half of
any fence, shall neglect or refuse to pay over to the owner of such fence
the amount so awarded, the same may be recovered before a justice of the
peace or other court of competent jurisdiction.

ROADS, HIGHWAYS AND BRIDGES.

The overseers of highways in each road district in each township, shall
have care and superintendence of all highways and bridges therein, and
it shall be their duty to have all highways and bridges kept in good repair,
and to cause to be built all such bridges as public necessity may require,
said bridges to be built by contract, let. to the lowest responsible bidder,
and to be paid for out of anv money in the overseer's hands, or in the
treasury for road or bridge purposes. But in no case shall the overseer
take such contract, either for himself or by his agent.

It shall be the duty of the overseer of highways to name all residents
of the district against whom a land or personal tax is assessed, giving
them two days notice to work out the same upon the highways, and he
shall receive such tax in labor from every able bodied man, or his or her
substitute, at the rate of $1.50 per day, and in proportion for a less
amount, provided that any person may pay such tax in money. The
township board of directors shall have the power to assess upon all real
estate and personal property in their township made taxable by law for
state and county purposes, a sufficient tax to keep the roads and highways
of the various road districts in their township in good repair, which tax
shall be levied as follows: for every one mill tax upon the dollar levied
upon real and personal property, as valued on the assessor's roll of the
previous year, the township board of directors shall require one day's
work of each person subject to work on roads and highwavs, and no
more.

SUPPORT OF THE POOR.

Poor persons shall be relieved, maintained and supported by the county

of which they are inhabitants.

Aged, infirm, lame, blind, or sick persons who are unable to support
12

178 ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS.

themselves, and where there are no other persons required by law and
able to maintain them, shall be deemed poor persons.

No person shall be deemed an inhabitant within the meaning of this
chapter, who has not resided for the space of twelve months next preced-
ing the time of any order being made respecting such person in the county,
or who shall have removed from another county for the purpose of impos-
ing the burden or keeping such person on the county where he or she last
resided for the time aforesaid.

LANDLORDS AND TENANTS.

Every landlord shall have a lien on the crops grown on the demised
premises in any year for the rent that shall accrue for such year; and such
lien shall continue for eight months after such rent shall become due and
payable, and no longer. When the demised premises or any portion
thereof are used for the purpose of growing nursery stock, the lien shall
exist and continue in such stock until the same shall have been removed
from the premises and sold.

No tenant for a term, not exceeding two years, or at will, or by suffer-
ance, shall assign or transfer his term, or interest, or any part thereof to
another, without the written assent of the landlord, or person holding
under him.

Either party may terminate a tenancy from year to year, by giving
notice in writing of his intention to terminate the same, of not less than
three months next before the end of the year.

A tenancy at will, or by sufferance, or for less than one year, may be
terminated by the person entitled to the possession, by giving one month's
notice, in writing to the person in possession, requiring him to remove.
All contracts or agreements for the leasing, renting, or occupation of stores,
shops, houses, tenements, or other buildings in cities, towns, or villages, not
made in writing, signed by the parties thereto, or their agents, shall be
held and taken to be tenancies from month to month; and all such tenan-
cies may be terminated by either party thereto, or his agent, giving to the
other party or his agent one month's notice in writing, of his intention to
terminate such tenancy. \

No notice to quit shall be necessary from or to a tenant whose time is
to end at a certain time, or where by special agreement, notice is dis-
pensed with.

A landlord may recover a reasonable satisfaction for the use and occu-
pation of any lands or tenements, held by any person under an agreement
not made by deed.

Property exempt from execution shall be also exempt from attachment
for rent, except the crops grown on the demised premises on which the
rent claimed is due.

ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS. 179

If any tenant for life or years, shall commit waste during his estate or
term, of any thing belonging to the tenement so held, without special
license in writing, so to do, he shall be subject to a civil action for such
waste and shall lose the thing so wasted and pay treble the amount at
which the waste shall be assessed.

BILL OF SALE.
A bill of sale is a written agreement to another party for a considera-
tion to convey his right and interest in the personal property. The pur-
chaser must take actual possession of the property, or the bill of sale
must be acknowledged and recorded.

COMMON FORM OF BILL OF SALE.

Know all men by these -presents, That I, David Franklin, of Lexington,
Missouri, of the first part, for and in consideration of three hundred dollars,
to me in hand paid by Albert Brown, of the same place, of the second
part, the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, have sold, and by this
instrument do convey unto the said Brown, party of the second part, his
executors, administrators and assigns, my undivided half of forty acres of
corn now growing on the farm of William Mason, in the township of Jackson,
Lafayette county, Missouri; one pair of horses, twenty head of hogs, and six
cows belonging to me and in my possession at the farm aforesaid ; to have and
to hold the same unto the party of the second part, his heirs, executors, and
assigns, forever. And I do for myself and legal representatives agree
with the said party of the second part, and his legal representatives, to
warrant and defend the sale of the aforementioned property and chattels,
unto the said party of the second part, and his Jlegal representatives,
against all and every person whatsoever.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto affixed my hand this first day of
June, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.

David Franklin.

BENEVOLENT, RELIGIOUS, AND EDUCATIONAL ASSOCI-
ATIONS.

Any lodge of Free Masons, or Odd Fellows, division of Sons of Tem-
perance or any other association organized for benevolent or charitable
purposes, or any library company, school, college, or other association,
organized for the promotion of literature, science, or art, or any gymnastic
or other association, organized for the purpose of promoting bodily or
mental health, and all societies, organized for the purpose of promoting
either of the objects above named, and for all similar purposes, by what-
ever name they may be known, consisting of not less than three persons,
may be constituted and declared a body politic and corporate, with all the
privileges, and subject to all the liabilities and restrictions contained in this
act. Acts 1868, page 28.

180 ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS.

All associations incorporated under the provisions of the above law shall
file a copy of all amendments to their articles of association, certified as
such under their seal, with the clerk of the circuit court, within sixty days
after their passage.

Any number of persons, not less than three in number, may become an
incorporated church, religious society, or congregation, by complying
with the provisions of this chapter, except that it will be sufficient if the
petition be signed by all the persons making the application, and when so
incorporated, such persons and their associates and successors shall be
known by the corporate name specified in the certificate of incorporation,
and shall be entitled to all the privileges, and capable of exercising all the
powers conferred, or authorized to be conferred by the constitution of this
state upon such corporation. Acts 1871-2, P. 16, Sec. 1.

Any such corporation shall have power to raise money in any manner
agreed upon in the articles of association.

INTOXICATING LIQUORS.

A dramshop-keeper is a person permitted by law to sell intoxicating
liquors in any quantity not exceeding ten gallons.

No person shall directly or indirectly sell intoxicating liquors in any
quantity less than one gallon without taking out a license as a dramshop-
keeper.

Application for a license as a dramshop-keeper shall be made in writing
to the county court, and shall state where the dramshop is to be kept, and
if the court shall be of opinion that the applicant is a person of good
character, the court may grant a license for six months.

Any sale, gift or other disposition of intoxicating liquors made to any
minor without the permission or consent herein required, or to any hab-
itual drunkard, by any clerk, agent, or other person acting for any dram-
shop-keeper, druggist, merchant, or other person, shall be deemed and
taken to be as the act of such dramshop-keeper, druggist, merchant, or
other person.

Intoxicating liquors may be sold in any quantity not less than a quart
at the place where made, but the maker or seller shall not permit or suffer
the same to be drank at the place of sale, nor at any place under the
control of either or both. Any person convicted of a violation of the
provisions of this section shall be fined a sum not less than $40 nor more
than $200. Provided, that nothing herein contained shall be so con-
strued as to affect the right of any person having a wine and beer house
license to sell wine and beer in any quantity not exceeding ten gallons at
any place.

Any dramshop-keeper, druggist, or merchant selling, giving away or
otherwise disposing of any intoxicating liquors to any habitual drunkard,

ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS. 181

after such dramshop-keeper, druggist, or merchant shall have been noti-
fied by the wife, father, mother, brother, sister, or guardian of such per-
son not to sell, give away or furnish to such person an}- intoxicating
liquors, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction
thereof, shall be fined in any sum not less than $40 nor more than $200,
and upon conviction of any dramshop-keeper it shall work a forfeiture of
his license to keep a dramshop, and also debar him from again obtaining
a license for that purpose.

GENERAL WARRANTY DEED.

This Indenture, made on the. . . .day of. . . . A. D. one thousand eigfct
hundred and . . . . , by and between .... of ... . part .... of the first part, and
.... of the . . . . of . . . . , in the state of ... . part . . of the second part.

Witnesseth, That the said part . . of the first part, in consideration of
the sum of .... ^dollars, to ... . paid by the said part . . of the second
part, the receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, do . . by these pres-
ents, grant, bargain, and sell, convey, and confirm, unto the said part . . of
the second part,. . . .heirs and assigns, the following described lots, tracts,
or parcels of land, lying, being and situated in the .... of ... . and state of

. . . ., to-wit: ,

[Give description of property.]

To have and to hold the premises aforesaid, with all and singular, the
rights, privileges, appurtenances, immunities, and improvements thereto
belonging, or in any wise appertaining unto the said part, .of the second
part, and unto .... heirs and assigns, forever ; the said .... hereby cov-
enanting that .... will warrant and defend the title to the said premises
unto the said part . . of the second part and unto .... heirs and assigns
forever, against the lawful claims and demands of all persons whom-
soever.

In witness whereof, the said part . . of the first part ha . . hereunto set . .
hand . . and seal . . the day and year first above written.
Signed, sealed and delivered in presence of us.

[seal]

state of missouri, )

.... of ... . f * Be it remembered, that on this ....

day of .... A. D. 18 .... , before the undersigned, a . . . . within and for the
.... of ... . and state of ... . personally came .... who are personally known
to me to be the same persons whose names are subscribed to the fore-
going instrument of writing as parties thereto, and they acknowledged
the same to be their act and deed for the purposes therein mentioned.
And the said .... being by me first made acquainted with the contents of
said instrument, upon an examination separate and apart from .... hus-
band . . . . , acknowledged that .... executed the same, and relinquishes

182 ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS.

dower, in the real estate therein mentioned, freely and without fear,

compulsion or undue influence on the part of ... . said husband . . . . ; and

I certify, that my term of office as a notary public will expire 18

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and affixed my
official seal, at my office in ... . this day and year first above written.

QUIT-CLAIM DEED.

This indenture, made on the .... day of . . . . , A. D. one thousand eight

hundred and . . . . , by and between , of the county of , and state of

.,-.., part of the first part, and , of the county of , and state of

, part of the second part,

Witnesseth, That the said part of the first part, in consideration of the

sum of loo dollars, to .... paid by the said part of the second part,

the receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, do by these presents,
remise, release, and forever quit-claim unto the said part of the second
part, the following described lots, tracts, or parcels of land, lying, being
and situate in the county of . . . . , and state of , to wit: [Give descrip-
tion of propert}'.]

* [This deed of quit-claim being made in release of, and satisfaction for
a certain deed dated the . . day of . . . ., 18. . ; recorded in the recor-
der's office, within and for the county of . . ? . aforesaid, in deed book . . ,
at pages . . . . ]

To have and to hold the same, with all the rights, immunities, privileges
and appurtenances thereto belonging, unto the said part of the second

part, and heirs and assigns, forever; so that neither the said part

of the first part nor heirs, nor any other person or persons for

or in .... name or behalf, shall or: will hereafter claim or demand any
right or title to the aforesaid premises, or any part thereof, but they and
every of them shall, by these presents, be excluded and forever barred.

In witness whereof, That said part of the first part ha hereunto set
hand and seal , the day and year first above written.

Signed, sealed and delivered in presence of us.

[seal]

[Acknowledgment same as in General Warranty Deed.]

MORTGAGE DEED.

Know all men by these presents, that, of the county of , in the

state of for and in consideration of the sum of ... . dollars, to the said

.... in hand paid by of the county of .... in the state of ha . .

* Omit this clause in case this deed is not made in release of some other instrument.

ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS. 183

granted, bargained and sold, and by these presents do . . grant, bargain
and sell, unto the said.... the following described .... situated in the
county of. . . .in the state of . . . .that is to say:

[Give description of property.]
To have and to hold the property and premises hereby conveyed, with
all the rights, privileges and appurtenances thereunto belonging, or in
anywise appertaining, unto said .... heirs and assigns forever; upon this
express condition, whereas, the said .... on the .... day of .... A. D. one
thousand eight hundred and .... made, executed and delivered to the said

. . . .certain . . . .described as follows, to- wit:

[Give description of notes, time of payment, etc.]

Now, if the said .... executor or administrator, shall pay the sum of
money specified in said .... and all the interest that may be due thereon,
according to the tenor and effect of said .... then this conveyance shall be
void, otherwise it shall remain in full force and virtue in law.

In witness whereof, . . . . , the said grantor .... and mortgagor .... ha . .
hereunto subscribed .... name .... and affixed .... seal .... this day of

[seal.]

[Acknowledgment same as General Warranty Deed.]

CHATTEL MORTGAGE.

Know all men by these presents, That .... of the county of .... , and
state of . . . . , in consideration of the sum of ... . i~oo dollars, to ... . paid by
.... of the county of . . . . and state of .... do sell and convey to said ....
the following goods and chattels, to-wit: - *

[Here describe goods.]

Warranted free of incumbrances, and against any adverse claims:

Upon condition, That. . . . pay to the said. . . .the sum of . . . .10^ dollars,
and interest, agreeably to. . . .note, .dated on the. . . .day of . . . ., 18. .,
and made payable to the said .... as follows, to-wit : . . . . then this deed
shall be void, otherwise it shall remain in full force and effect.

The parties hereto agree That, until condition broken, said property

may remain in possession of but after condition broken, the said. . . .

may at ... . pleasure take and remove the same, and may enter into any
building or premises of the said .... for that purpose.

Witness our hands and seals, this . . . : day of . . . A. D. 18 . .

Signed, sealed and delivered in
presence of us. ... [seal.]

.'. [seal.]

State of Missouri, )
County of j Ss*

Be it remembered, That on the. . . .day of A. D. 18. ., before the

undersigned, a . . . . within and for the county aforesaid, personally came

184 ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS.

.... who .... personally known to me to be the same person .... whose
name .... subscribed to the foregoing chattel mortgage as part ....
thereto, and acknowledged the same to be ... . act and deed for the uses
and purposes therein mentioned.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name and affixed
my .... seal, at my office in .... in said county, the day and year afore-
said. My term of office as notary public will expire on the . . . day of
18. .

HOUSE LEASE.

This article of agreement witnesseth, That .... ha . . this day rented to
... .in the present condition thereof , the .... for the period of.... from

the day 18 . . , on the following terms and conditions, to-wit:

For the use and rent thereof, the said .... hereby promise . . to pay said

or to ... . order .... dollars, per .... for the whole time above stated,

and to pay the same- at the of each ; that will not

sub-let or allow any other tenant to come in with or under .... without
the written consent of said. . . . ; that .... will repair all injuries or dam-
ages done to the premises by him or them during. . . .occupancy, or pay
for the same ; that all of ... . property, whether subject to legal exemption
or not, shall be bound, and subject to the payment of rents and damages
thereof; that .... will take good care of the buildings and premises and
keep them free from tilth, from danger of fire or any nuisance and from
all uses forbidden in any fire insurance policy issued thereon, .... and pro-
tect, defend and indemnify the said .... from all damages .... and charges
for such, that the houses and premises shall be kept clean, fairly treated
and left so; that in default of the payment of any. . . .installment of rent
for .... day . . after the same becomes due, .... will, at the request of the
said. . . .quit and render to. . . .the peaceable possession thereof; but, for
this cause, the obligation to pay shall not cease, and, finally at the end of

.... term .... will surrender to said .... heirs or assigns, the peaceable
possession of the said house and premises, with all the keys, bolts, latches
and repairs, if any, in as good condition as ... . received the same, the
usual wear and use and providential destruction or destruction by fire
excepted.

In witness whereof, the parties have set .... hand .... and seal .... to

.... cop . . hereof to be retained by ... .

Dated this .... day of .... 18 . .

[seal.]

MECHANICS' LIENS.

Every mechanic or other person who shall do or perform any work or
labor upon, or furnish any materials, fixtures, engine, boiler or machinery
for any building, erection or improvements upon land, or for repairing the

ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAW'S. 185

same under or by virtue of any contract with the owner or proprietor, or
his agent, trustee, contractor or sub-contractor, shall be entitled to a lien
upon such building, erection, or improvement, and upon the land belong-
ing to such owner or proprietor on which the same are situated. The
original contractor must within six months, and every journeyman and
day laborer within thirty days, and of every other person seeking to
obtain the benefit of the provisions of this chapter, within four months
after the indebtedness shall have accrued, file with the clerk of the cir-
cuit court of the proper county, a just and true account of the demand due
him or them, after all just credits have been given, which is to be a lien
upon such building or improvement, and a true description of the property
or so near as to identify the same upon which the lien is intended to apply,
with the name of the owner or contractor, or both, if known to be the
person filing the lien which shall in all cases' be verified by the oath of
himself or some credible person for him.

Every person except the original contractor, who may wish to avail
himself of the benefits of the provisions of this chapter, shall give ten days
notice before filing of the lien as herein required, to the owner, owners, or
agent, or either of them, that he or they hold a claim against such build-
ing or improvements, setting forth the amount and from whom the same is
due.

All mechanics' lien holders shall stand on equal footing, without refer-
ence to date of filing, and upon sale of property they shall take pro rata
on the respective liens.

We only attempt to give an outline of the law of mechanics' liens to aid
the general business man. Should any complicated questions arise, it is
best to consult an attornev in regard to the same.

MECHANIC'S LIEN.

Now, at this day, come .... and with a view to avail .... of the benefit
of the statute relating to mechanics' liens, file . . the account below set
forth for work and labor done, and materials -furnished by .... under
contract with .... upon, to and for the buildings and improvements

described as follows, to-wit:

(Give description of buildings.)
and situated on the following described premises, to-wit:

(Give description of the property upon which the building is erected.)
said premise, buildings, and improvements, belonging to and being
owned by .... which said account, the same being hereby filed, in order
that it may constitute a lien upon the buildings, improvements, and prem-
ises above described, is as follows:

[Set the account out in full.]

State of Missouri, county of . . . . , ss., being duly sworn, on his

oath says that the foregoing is a just and true account of the demand due

186' ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS.

.... for work and labor done, and materials furnished by .... upon, to
and for the buildings and improvements hereinbefore described, after all
just credits have been given ; that said work and labor were done, and
said materials furnished upon, to and for said buildings and improvements

by .... at the instance and request of, and under contract with that

the foregoing description is a true description of the property upon, to and
for which said materials were furnished, and said work and labor done,
and to which this lien is intended to apply, or so near as to identify the
same ; that said demand accrued within .... months prior to the riling of

this lien, and that on the day of , 18. ., and at least ten days

prior to the riling of this lien .... gave notice to .... of his claim against
the amount thereof, from whom due, and of ... . intention to file a lien
therefor; that said .... as affiant is informed and believes, the owner. .
of the above described premises, and the buildings and improvements
thereon, which said premises, buildings, and improvements are intended
to be charged with this lien.

Subscribed and sworn to before me this .... day of . . . . , 18 . .

BILL OF SALE OF GOODS.

Know all men by these presents, that .... of .... for and in considera-
tion of the sum of .... dollars to . . in hand paid by .... of the

receipt whereof . . do hereby acknowledge, by these presents do bargain
and sell unto the said .... all the goods, household stuff, implements and
furniture, and all other goods and chattels whatsoever mentioned in the
schedule hereunto annexed: To have and to hold all and singular the
said goods, household stuff, and furniture, and other premises above bar-
gained and sold or intended so to be, to the said .... and . . assigns for-
ever. And .... the said .... for ... . and . . heirs, all and singular, the
goods and chattels of whatever description, unto the said .... and . .
assigns against .... the said .... and against all and every other person
and persons whomsoever, shall and will warrant and forever defend
by these presents. Or all and singular which said goods, chattels,
and property, .... the said .... have put the said .... in full pos-
session by delivery to . . , the said .... one .... at the sealing and delivery
of these presents, in the name of the whole premises hereby bargained
and sold, or mentioned, or intended so to be unto . . , the said .... as
aforesaid.

In witness whereof, . . have hereunto set . . hand . . and affixed . . seal
this day A. D. 18 . .

Signed, sealed and delivered in presence of [l. s.]

Note. — If the bill of sale is to be recorded in the county recorder's office, it must be
acknowledged before some officer authorized to take acknowledgment of deeds — other-
wise not.

abstract of missouri state laws. 187

State of Missouri, )

County of )

Be it remembered, that on this .... day of . . . ., A. D. 18. ., before the
undersigned, a . . . . within and for the county of and state of Mis-
souri, personally came .... who . . personally known to me to be the
same person. . whose name. . subscribed to the foregoing instrument
of writing, as part . . thereto, and acknowledged the same to be
voluntary act and deed for the purposes therein mentioned.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and affixed my
official seal, at my office in .... the day and year above written.

DEFINITION OF COMMERCIAL TERMS.

$ means dollars, being a contraction of U. S., which was formerly

placed before any denomination of money, and meant, as it means now,
United States currency.

£ means pounds, English money.

@ stands for at or to; ft> for pounds, and bbl. for barrels; !$} for per
or by the. Thus, butter sells at 20 @ 30c f lb, and flour at $8@12 f bbl.

°|0 for per cent., and ft for number.

May 1. Wheat sells at $1.20@$1.25, "seller June." Seller June
means that the person who sells the wheat has the privilege of delivering
it at any time during the month of June.

Selling short, is contracting to deliver a certain amount of grain or
stock, at a fixed price, within a certain length of time, when the seller has
not the stock on. hand. It is for the interest of the person selling "short"
to depress the market as much as possible, in order that he may buy and
fill his contract at a profit. Hence the " shorts" are called " bears."

Buying long, is to contract to purchase a certain amount of grain or
shares of stock at a fixed price, deliverable within a stipulated time,
expecting to make a profit by the rise in prices. The " longs" are termed
" bulls," as it is for their interest to " operate " so as to " toss " the prices
upward as much as possible.

ORDERS.
Orders should be worded simply, thus:
Mr. F. H. Coats: St. Louis, Sept. 15, 1876.

Please pay to H. Birdsall twenty-five dollars, and charge to

F. D. Silva.

RECEIPTS.
Receipts should alwavs state when received and what for. thus:

188 ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS.

$100. St. Louis, Sept. 15, 1876.

Reeived of J. W. Davis, one hundred dollars, for services

rendered in grading his lot in Sedalia, on account.

Thomas Brady.
If receipt is in full, it should be so stated.

BILLS OF PURCHASE.

W. N. Mason, Marshall, Missouri, Sept. 18, 1876.

Bought of A. A. Graham.

4 Bushels of Seed Wheat, at $1.50 $6 00

2 Seamless Sacks " 30 60

Received payment, $6 60

A. A. Graham.

ARTICLES OF AGREEMENT.

An agreement is where one party promises to another to do a certain
thing in a certain time for a stipulated sum. Good business men always
reduce an agreement to writing, which nearly always saves misunder-
standings and trouble. No particular form is necessary, but the facts must
be clearly and explicitly stated, and there must, to make it valid, be a
reasonable consideration.

general form of agreement.

This agreement, made the second day of June, 1878, between John
Jones, of Marshall, county of Saline, state of Missouri, of the first part,
and Thomas Whitesides, of the same place, of the second part —

Witnesseth, That the said John Jones, in consideration of the agree-
ment of the party of the second part, hereinafter contained, contracts and
agrees to and with the said Thomas Whiteside, that he will deliver in good
and marketable condition, at the village of Slater, Missouri, during the month
of November, of this year, one hundred tons of prairie hay, in the fol-
lowing lots, and at the following specified times, namely: Twenty-five
tons by the seventh of November, twenty-five tons additional by the
fourteenth of the month, twenty-five tons more by the twenty-first, and
the entire one hundred tons to be all delivered by the thirtieth of November.

And the said Thomas Whitsides, in consideration of the prompt fulfill-
ment of this contract, on the part of the party of the first part, contracts
to and agrees with the said John Jones, to pay for said hay five dollars per
ton, for each ton as soon as delivered.

In case of failure of agreement by either of the parties hereto, it is
hereby stipulated and agreed that the party so failing shall pay to the
other, one hundred dollars, as fixed and settled damages.

In witness whereof, we have hereunto set our hands, the day and year
first above written. John Jones.

Thomas Whiteside.

ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS. 189

AGREEMENT WITH CLERK FOR SERVICES.

This agreement, made the first day of May, one thousand eight hun-
dred and seventy-eight, between Reuben Stone, of Marshall, county of
Saline, State of Missouri, party of the first part, and George Barclay, of
Sedalia, county of Pettis, state of Missouri, party of the second part —

Witnesseth, That said George Barclay agrees faithfully and diligently
to work as clerk and salesman for the said Reuben Stone, for and during
the space of one year from the date hereof, should both live such length of
time, without absenting himself from his occupation; during which time he,
the said Barclay, in the store of said Stone, of Marshall, will carefully and
honestly attend, doing and performing all duties as clerk and salesman
aforesaid, in accordance and in all respects as directed and desired by the
said Stone. *

In consideration of which services, so to be rendered by the said Bar-
clay, the said Stone agrees to pay to said Barclay the annual sum of one
thousand dollars, payable in twelve equal monthly payments, each upon
the last day of each month : provided that all dues for days of absence
from business by said Barclay, shall be deducted from the sum otherwise
by the agreement due and payable by the said Stone to the said Barclay.
Witness our hands: Reuben Stone.

George Barclay.

Practical Rules for Every Day Use.

How to find the gain or loss per cent, when the cost and selling -price are
given.

Rule. — Find the difference between the cost and selling price, which
will be the gain or loss.

Annex two ciphers to the gain or loss, and divide it by the cost price;
the result will be the gain or loss per cent.

How to change gold into currency.

Rule. — Multiply the given sum of gold by the price of gjold.

How to change currency into gold.

Divide the amount of currency by the price of gold.

How to find each partner's share of the gain or loss in a copartnership
business.

Rule. — Divide the whole gain or loss by the entire stock, the quotient
will be the gain or loss per cent.

Multiply each partner's stock by this per cent., the result will be each
one's share of the gain or loss.

How to find gross and net weight and price of hogs.

A short and simple method for finding the net weight, or price of hogs,
when the gross weight or price is given, and vice versa.

Note. — It is generally assumed that the gross weight of hogs diminished by 1-5 or 20
per cent, of itself gives the net weight, and the net weight increased by % or 25 per cent. Of
itself equals the gross weight.

To find the net weight or gross price.

Multiply the given number by .8 (tenths.)

To find the g ross weight or net price.

Divide the given number by .8 (tenths.)

How to find the capacity of a granary, bin, or wagon-bed.

Rule. — Multiply (by short method) the number of cubic feet by 6308,
and point oft' one decimal place— the result will be the correct answer in
bushels and tenths of a bushel.

For only an approximate answer, multiply the cubic feet by 8, and point
off one decimal place.

How to find the contents of a corn-crib.

Rule. — Multiply the number of cubic feet by 54, short method, or
by 4£ ordinary method, and point off one decimal place — the result will

be the answer in bushels.

Note. — In estimating corn in the ear, quality and the time it has been cribbed must be
taken into consideration, since corn will shrink considerably during the winter and spring.
This rule generally holds good for corn measured at the time it is cribbed, provided it is
sound and clean.

PRACTICAL RULES FOR EVERY DAY USE. 191

How to find the contents of a cistern or tank.

Rule. — Multiply the square of the mean diameter by the depth (all in
feet) and this product by 5681 (short method), and point off one decimal
place — the result will be the contents in barrels of 31£ gallons.

Hozv to find the contents of a barrel or cask.

Rule. — Under the square of the mean diameter, write the length (all
in inches) in reversed order, so that its units will fall under the tens;
multiply by short method, and this product again by 430 ; point oft one
decimal place, and the result will be the answer in wine gallons.

How to measure boards.

Rule. — Multiply the length (in feet) by the width (in inches) and divide
the product by 12— the result will be the contents in square feet.

How to measure scantling's, joists, planks, sills, etc.

Rule. — Multiply the width, the thickness, and the length together, (the
width and thickness in inches, and the length in feet), and divide the
product by 12 — the result will be square feet.

How to find the number of acres in a body of land.

Rule. — Multiply the length by the width (in rods) and divide the pro-
duct bv 160 (carrying the division to 2 decimal places if there is a remain-
der); the result will be the answer in acres and hundredths.

When the opposite sides of a piece of land are of unequal length, add
them together and take one-half for the mean length or width.

How to find the number of square yards in afioor or wall.

Rule. — Multiply the length by the width or height (in feet), and divide
the product by 9, the result will be square yards.

Haw to find the number of bricks required in a building.

Rule. — Multiply the number of cubic feet by 22£.

The number of cubic feet is found by multiplying the length, height
and thickness (in feet) together.

Bricks are usually made 8 inches long, 4 inches wide, and two inches
thick ; hence, it requires 27 bricks to make a cubic foot without mortar,
but it is generally assumed that the mortar fills 1-6 of the space.

How to find the number of shingles required in a roof.

Rule. — Multiply the number of square feet in the roof by 8, if the
shingles are exposed 4^ inches, or by 7 1-5 if exposed 5 inches .

To find the number of square feet, multiply the length of the roof by
twice the length of the rafters.

To find the length of the rafters, at one-fourth pitch, multiply the
width of the building by .56 (hundredths); at one-third pitch by .6
(tenths); at two-fifths pitch, by .64 (hundredths); at one-half pitch,
by .71 (hundredths). This gives the length of the rafters from the apex
to the end of the wall, and whatever they are to project must be taken
into consideration.

192 PRACTICAL RULES FOR EVERY DAY USE.

Note. — By Jj or % pitch is meant that the apex or tomb of the roof is to be \£ or ^
the width of the building higher than the walls or base of the rafters.

Hozv to reckon the cost of hay.

Rule. — Multiply the number of pounds by half the price per ton, and
remove the decimal point three places to the left.

How to measure gram.

Rule. — Level the grain; ascertain the space it occupies in cubic

feet; multiply the number of cubic feet by 8, and point off one place to

the left.

Note. — Exactness requires the addition, to every three hundred bushels, of one extra
bushel.

The foregoing rule may be used for finding the number of gallons, by
multiplying the number of bushels by 8.

If the corn in the box is in the ear, divide the answer by 2 to find the
number of bushels of shelled corn, because it requires 2 bushels of ear
corn to make 1 of shelled corn.

Rapid rules for measuring land without instruments.

In measuring land, the first thing to ascertain is the contents of any
given plot in square yards ; then, given the number of yards, find out the
number of rods and acres.

The most ancient and simplest measure of distance is a step. Now, an
ordinary-sized man can train himself to cover one yard at a stride, on the
average, with sufficient accuracy for ordinary purposes.

To make use of this means of measuring distances, it is essential to
walk in a straight line; to do this, fix the eye on two objects in a line
stright ahead, one comparatively near, the other remote; and, in walking,
keep these objects constantly in line.

Farmers and others by adopting the following simple and ingenious con-
trivance, may always carry with them the scale to construct a correct yard
measure.

Take a foot rule, and commencing at the base of the little finger of the
left hand, mark the quarters of the foot on the outer borders of the left
arm, pricking in the marks with indelible ink.

To find hozv many rods in length will make an acre, the width being
given.

Rule. — Divide 160 by the wridth, and the quotient will be the answer.

How to find the number of acres in any plot of land, the number of rods
being given.

Rule. — Divide the number of rods by 8, multiply the quotient by 5,
and remove the decimal point two places to the left.

The diameter being given, to find the circumference.

Rule. — Multiply the diameter by 3 1-7.

Hozv to find the diameter when the circumference is given.

Rule. — Divide the circumference by 3 1-7.

PRACTICAL RULES FOR EVERY DAY USE. 193

To find hotv many solid feet a round stick of timber of the same thick-
ness throughout will contain when squared.

Rule. — Square half the diameter in inches, multiply by 2, multiply by
the length in feet, and divide the product by 144.

General rule for measuring timber, to find the solid contents in feet.

Rule. — Multiply the depth in inches by the breadth in inches, and then
multiply by the length in feet, and divide by 144.

To find the number of feet of timber in trees with the bark on.

Rule. — Multiply the square of one-fifth of the circumference in inches
by twice the length in feet, and divide by 144. Deduct 1.10 to 1.15
according to the thickness of the bark.

Howard 's new rule for computing interest.

Rule. — The reciprocal of the rate is the time for which the interest on
any sum of money will be shown by simply removing the decimal point
two places to the left; for ten times that time, remove the point one place
to the left; for 1-10 of the same time, remove the point three places to the
left.
• Increase or diminish the results to suit the time given.

Note. — The reciprocal of the rate is found by inverting the rate; thus 3 per cent, per
month, inverted, becomes *« of a month, or ten days.

When the rate is expressed by one figure, always write it thus: 3-1,
three ones.

Rule for converting English into American currency.

Multiply the pounds, with the shillings and pence stated in decimals, by
400 plus the premium in fourths, and divide the product by 90.

U. S. GOVERNMENT LAND MEASURE.

A township — 36 sections each a mile square.
A section — 640 acres.

A quarter section, half a mile square — 160 acres.

An eight section, half a mile long, north and south, and a quarter of a
mile wide — 80 acres.

A sixteenth section, a quarter of a mile square — 40 acres.

The sections are all numbered 1 to 36, commencing at the north-east
corner.

The sections are divided into quarters, which are named by the cardinal
points. The quarters are divided in the same way. The description of
a forty-acre lot wculd read: The south half of the west half of the
south-west quarter of section 1, in township 24, north of range 7 west,
or as the case might be; and sometimes will fall short, and sometimes
overrun the number of acres it is supposed to contain.

rq-

194

PRACTICAL RULES FOR EVERY DAY' USE.

SURVEYORS' MEASURE.

7 92-100 inches make 1 link.

25 links " 1 rod.

4 rods " 1 chain.

80 chains " 1 mile.

Note. — A chain is 100 links, equal to 4 rods or 66 feet.

Shoemakers formerly used a subdivision of the inch called a barleycorn ;
three of which made an inch.

Horses are measured directly over the fore feet, and the standard of
measure is four inches — called a hand.

In biblical and other old measurements, the term span is sometimes
used, which is a length of nine inches.

The sacred cubit of the Jews was 24.024 inches in length.

The common cubit of the Jews was 21.704 inches in length.

A pace is equal to a yard or 36 inches.

A fathom is equal to 6 feet.

A league is three miles, but its length is variable, for it is strictly speaking
a nautical term, and should be three geographical miles, equal to 3.45 stat-
ute miles, but when used on land, three statute miles are said to be a league.

In cloth measure an aune is equal to 1^ yards, or 45 inches.

An Amsterdam ell is equal to 26.796 inches.

A Trieste ell is equal to 25.284 inches.

A Brabant ell is equal to 27.116 inches.

HOW TO KEEP ACCOUNTS.

Every farmer and mechanic, whether he does much or little business,
should keep a record of his transactions in a clear and systematic manner.
For the benefit of those who have not had the opportunity of acquiring a
primary knowledge of the principles of book-keeping, we here present a
simple form of keeping accounts which is easily comprehended, and well
adapted to record the business transactions of farmers, mechanics and

1875. A. H. JACKSON. Dr. Cr.

Jan.

Feb

10
17
4
4
March 8
8
13
27
9
9
6
24
4

April
May

To 7 bushels wheat at $1.25

By shoeing span of horses

To 14 bushels oats at $ .45

To 5 ft., butter at .25

By new harrow

By sharpening 2 plows

By new double-tree

To cow and calf

To half ton of hay

By cash

By repairing corn-planter

To one sow with pigs

Bv cash, to balance account

$ 8.75

6.30
1.25

48.00
6.25

17.50

$88*.05

2.50

18.00
.40

2.25

25.00
4.75

35.15

$88.05

PRACTICAL RULES FOR EVERY DAY USE.

11)5

1875.

CASSA MASON.

Dr. Cr.

March 21
March 21
March 23
May
May
June

1
1
19
26
10
29

June

July
July

Aug. 12
Aug. 12
Sept. 1

Bv 3 day's labor at $1.25

To 2 shoats at 3.< >0

To 18 bushels corn at .45

By 1 months labor

To cash

By 8 days mowing at $1.50

To 50 lbs. flour

To 27 lbs. meat at $ .10

By 9 days harvesting at 2.00

By 6 days labor at 1.50

To cash

To cash to balance account

$ 6.00
8.10

10.00

2.75
2.70

20.00
18.20

$67.75

$ 3.75

25.00
12.00

18.00
9.00

$67.75

INTEREST TABLE.

A Simplk Rule for Accubatelt Coxpbtixg Interest at Ant Given Per Cent fob Ant Length

or Time.

Multiply the principal (amount of money at interest) by the time reduced to days; then divide thie
product by the quotient obtained by dividing- 360 (the number of days in the interest year; by the per
cent of interest, and the quotient thus obtained will be the required interest.

ILLUSTRATION. Solution.

Require the interest of $462.50 lor one month and eighteen days at 6 per cent. An
interest month is 30 days; one month and eighteen days equal 48 days. $462.50
multiplied by .48 gives $222.0000; 360 divided by 6 (the per cent of interest) gives
60, and 222.0000 divided by 60 will give the exact interest, which is $3.70. If the
rate of interest in the above example were 12 per cent, we would divide the $222.-
0000 by 30 (because 360 divided by 12 gives 30); if 4 per cent, we would divide by 90;
if 8 per cent, by 45. and in like manner tor any other per tent.

$462.50
.48

6(360 |

370000
185000

60 ) $222.0000
180

420
420

MISCELLANEOUS TABLE.

12 unite or things, 1 dozen .
12) dozen, 1 gross.
20 things, 1 score.

196 pounds, 1 barrel of flour.
200 pounds, 1 barrel of pork.
56 pounds, 1 firkin of butter.

24 eheete of paper, 1 quire.

20 quires of paper, 1 ream.

4 ft. wide, 4 ft. high, and 8ft. long, 1 cord wood.

196 NAMES OF THE STATES AND THEIR SIGNIFICATION.

NAMES OF THE STATES OF THE UNION, AND THEIR

SIGNIFICATIONS.

Virginia. — The oldest of the states, was so called in honor of Queen
Elizabeth, the "Virgin Queen," in whose reign Sir Walter Raleigh made
his first attempt to colonize that region.

Florida. — Ponce de Leon landed on the coast of Florida on Easter
Sunday, and called the country in commemoraticn of the day, which was
the Pasqua Florida of the Spaniards, or " Feast of Flowers."

Louisiana was called after Louis the Fourteenth, who at one time
owned that section of the country.

Alabama was so named by the Indians, and signifies " Here we Rest."

Mississippi is likewise an Indian name, meaning " Long River."

Arkansas, from Kansas, the Indian word for "smoky water." Its pre-
fix was really arc, the French word for "bow."

The Carolinas were originally one tract, and were called " Carolana,"
after Charles the Ninth of France.

Georgia owes its name to George the Second of England, who first
established a colony there in 1732.

Tennessee is the Indian name for the " River of the Bend," i. e., the
Mississippi which forms its western boundary.

Kentucky is the Indian name for "at the head of the river."

Ohio means "beautiful;" Iowa, "drowsy ones;*" Minnesota, " cloudy
■water," and Wisconsin, " wild-rushing channel."

Illinois is derived from the Indian word Illini, men, and the French
suffix ois, together signifying " tribe of men."

Michigan was called by the name given the lake, fish-weir, which was
so styled from its fancied resemblance to a fish trap.

Missouri is from the Indian word " muddy," which more properly
applies to the river that flows through it.

Oregon owes its Indian name also to its principal river.

Cortez named California.

Massachusetts is the Indian for " the country around the great hills."

Connecticut, from the Indian Quon-ch-ta-Cut, signifying " Long River.

Maryland, after Henrietta Maria, Queen of Charles the First, of Eng-
land.

JSfew JTork was named by the Duke of York.

Pennsylvania means " Penn's woods," and was so called after William
Penn, its original owner.

Delaware after Lord De la Ware.

New Jersey, so called in honor of Sir George Carteret, who was gov-
ernor of the island of Jersey, in the British channel.

Maine was called after the province of Maine, in France, in compliment
of Queen Henrietta of England, who owned that province.

SUGGESTIONS TO THOSE PURCHASING BOOKS BY SUBSCRIPTION. 197

Vermont, from the French words vert mont, signifying green mountain.

New Hampshire, from Hampshire county, in England. It was formerly
called Laconia.

The little state of Rhode Island owes its name to the island of Rhodes,
in the Mediterranean, which domain it is said to greatly resemble.

Texas is the American word for the Mexican name by which all that
section of the country was called before it was ceded to the United States.

SUGGESTIONS TO THOSE PURCHASING BOOKS BY SUB-
SCRIPTION.

The business of -publishing books by subscription, having so often been
brought into disrepute by agents making representations and declarations
not authorized by the publisher, in order to prevent that as much as possi-
ble, and that there may be more general knowledge of the relation such
agents bear to their principal, and the law governing such cases, the fol-
lowing statement is made:

A subscription is in the nature of a contract of mutual promises, by
which the subscriber agrees to pay a certain sum for the work described ;
the consideration is concurrent that the publisher shall publish the book
named, and deliver the same, for which the subscriber is to pay the price
named. The nature and character of the work is described by the pros-
pectus and sample shown. These should be carefully examined before sub-
scribing, as they are the basis and consideration of the promise to pay, and
not the too often exaggerated statements of the agent, who is merely
employed to solicit subscriptions, for which he usually paid a commission
for each subscriber, and has no authority to change or alter the conditions
upon which the subscriptions are authorized to be made by the publisher.
Should the agent assume to agree to make the subscription conditional, or
modify or change the agreement of the publisher, as set out by the pros-
pectus and sample, in order to bind the principle, the subscriber should see
that such condition or changes are stated over or in connection with his
signature, so that the publisher may have notice of the same.

* All persons making contracts in reference to matters of this kind, or any
other business, should remember that the law as written is, that they can
not be altered, varied or rescinded verbally, but if done at all, must be done
in writing. It is therefore important that all persons contemplating sub-
scribing should distinctly understand that all talk before or after the sub-
scription is made is not admissible as evidence, and is no part of the contract.

Persons employed to solicit subscriptions are known to the trade as can-
vassers The\' are agents appointed to do a particular business in a pre-
scribed mode, and have no authority to do it in any other way to the
prejudice of their principal, nor can they bind their principal in any
other matter. They cannot collect money, or agree that payment may be
made in anything else but money. They cannot extend the time of payment
beyond the' time of delivery, nor bind their principal for the payment 0/
expenses incurred in their business.

// would save a great deal of trouble, and often serious loss, if persons,
before signing their names to any subscription book, or any written instru-
ment, would examine carefully what it is; if they cannot read themselves,
call on some one disinterested who can.

History of Ray County, Missouri.

TOPOGRAPHY.

Boundary, Geographical Position, and Physical Features. — Ray county,
Missouri, is situated in the northwestern part of the state, and is bounded
as follows:

North by Caldwell county; east by Carroll county; south by the Mis-
souri river, separating it from Lafayette and Jackson counties, and west
by Clay and Clinton counties.

Richmond, the county seat of Ray county, is in longitude seventeen
degrees west from Washington, ninety-four degrees west from Greenwich,
and the northern part of the county is crossed by parallel thirty-nine
degrees, thirty minutes of north latitude. It embraces all that portion of
Missouri lying between the range line separating ranges twenty-five and
twenty-six, and the range line separating ranges twenty-nine and thirty,
west of the fifth principal meridian, and extending from the township line
between townships fifty-four and fifty-five, north, southward to the middle
of the main channel of the Missouri river.

The townships bordering on the Missouri river are numbered fifty and
fifty-one, and are fractional.

The above limits, greatly less than the original, are the result of
repeated formations of new counties from the territory allotted to Ray
by the act establishing it as a county, and include a superficial area of
561.64 square miles, or 359,449.6 acres.

The twelve congressional townships north of the line between town-
ships fifty-one and fifty-two are integral, and therefore, aggregate four
hundred and thirty-two square miles; those south of that line extending
to the Missouri river, are fractional, as above stated, and contain, in all,
129.64 square miles.

Ray county is twenty-four miles in width. The issouri river, as it
passes the southern border of the county, is quite sinuous, thereby mak-
ing the distance from its northern to its southern line irregular. The
greatest length of the county, north and south, is twenty-six and one-half
miles from the point where the section line between sections seventeen
and eighteen, township fifty, of range twenty-eight, touches the issouri
river — due northward.

The longest straight line that may be drawn within the limits of Ray
county, would extend from the northwest corner of section six, township

200 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

fifty-four, range twentv-nine, to the southeast corner of fractional section
twenty-four, township fifty-one, range twenty-six.

Ray county is most happily situated in the heart of the most beautiful
and productive agricultural and mineral region of northwest Missouri.
Kansas City is distant but forty-four miles from its county seat; St. Joseph
sixty-seven miles, and St. Louis, the metropolis of the Mississippi valley,
is only two hundred and thirty-seven miles to the southeastward.

Natural and artificial lines of transportation are ample and convenient,
and the great western and southern markets are easily and cheaply
accessible at all seasons of the year. The citizens of Ray have reason,
therefore, to rejoice at the fortunate position of their county; and her
inexhaustible natural resources, coupled with the thrift, industry and
enterprise of her people, justify the hope that she will ever retain the
rank she now deservedly holds, as one of the very first counties of
Missouri.

The southern border of the county is laved by the waters of the great
Missouri — reckoning from its source *o the gulf, as is proper, the longest
river in the world — and while one might reasonably suppose that the
low lands bordering on so turbid and sluggish a stream are marshy, sub-
ject to frequent inundation, and therefore well-nigh valueless, such is — in
Ray county at least — far from the case. These bottoms are highly cul-
tivable, and the soil is deep, fertile and enduring.

Stretching across the southern pa-t of the county — save at one or two
places where bluffs intervene— at ar average width of about five miles,
and at from fifteen to thirty feet above the average watermark, they have
good, natural drainage, and are, at almost all times, most admirably
adapted to the purposes of husbandry.

These low lands were overflowed in June, 1827; again in June, 1844,
and again in April, of the present year, 1881; but they are now -May —
being prepared for the ensuing crop. It will be observed that the inter-
vals between overflows are so exceedingly long as to scarcely interfere
with the cultivation of the bottoms; and their generous soil seldom fails to
yield the industrious husbandman a bountiful harvest.

In the rear, and on the east and west sides of Camden, an old riparian
hamlet, in sections twenty-six and twenty-seven, township fifty-one, range
twenty-eight, the " bluffs" rise to a considerable hight, and present a scene
picturesque and beautiful —especially in the spring-time, when the trees
that crown their summits, are freighted with exuberant foiiage.

The face of the county is beautifully, as well as conveniently diversified
with prairie land, woodland, groves, valleys and arable hills or knolls.
The last mentioned, however, in many places are covered with timber.
The irregular surface configuration is an advantage to husbandry, making

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 201

the land self-draining, while, from its peculiar nature, it is capable of re-t
aining moisture during a protracted drought.

Looking from the summit of a towering hill in the suburbs of Richmond,
the extensive and variegated landscape, stretching away to the north and
northeastward, dotted here and there with attractive farm-houses, is an
exceedingly agreeable sight. Far in the distance, "timber ridge " appears
looming above the intervening hills, and presenting an even, unbroken
range that charms the beholder.

In many localities, more particularly on the water courses, the forests
are dense, and the timber, in abundant variety, is very fine. Oak, elm,
ash, hickory, pecan, blackwalnut, sugar maple, white maple, linden, Cot-
tonwood and other kinds are found.

Abundant and excellent building material occurs throughout the county,
though, as yet, it has not been extensively utilized. In various parts of
the county there are beds of limestone from which rock of almost any de-
sired size, both durable and agreeable in appearance, might be obtained.

Ash-blue hydraulic limestone is found two miles northeast of Richmond,
and similar rock exists at most of the coal banks near Richmond and
Camden. A strip of limestone country some five miles in width, and
about eight miles in length, extends through Grape Grove township, in
the vicinity of Tu ney's Grove. On David Teagarden's land in the north-
west part of township fifty-three, range twenty-eight, is a limestone quarry.
The rock is excellent for building purposes, and when first taken from the
quarry is easily worked, but becomes hard on exposure to the air. *

Free-stone is also found in the bluffs along the streams.

The coal mines of the county are extensive, and worked with great
profit; but we dismiss them here, with cursory notice, for a fuller descrip-
tion further on.

On section nine, township fifty-four, range twenty-six, there is every in-
dication of lead; indeed a considerable quantity of very rich ore has been
taken out. The hill in which the ore is found is about three hundred feet
high. There have also been found in this section, some fair specimens of
silver and copper ore; likewise in section twenty-seven, township fifty-
three, range twenty-eight.

* The following is Mahon's definition of limes : "Common or air-lime will air-slake,
or slake by having water poured over it, and will only harden in the air. Hydraulic lime
slakes thoroughly like common lime, when deprived of its carbonic acid, and does not
harden promptly under water. Hydraulic cement does not slake, and usually quickly
hardens under water. Fat limes give a paste which is unctuous to the sight and touch ;
meagre limes yield a thin paste. Common limes are fat; hydraulic limes are meagre; but
all meagre limes are not hydraulic.

"The limestones which yield hydraulic limes and cements, are either argillaceous or mag-
nesian, or argillo-magnesian. The hydraulic energy differs according to the proportion
of lime and clay in their composition. It is necessary that a certain proportion of clay
should enter into the composition of the limestone. These rocks are generally some shade
of drab, or gray, or of dark grayish- blue; compact-texture, fracture, even or conchoidal, with
a clayey or earthy smell and taste. "
13

202 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

In township fifty-two, range twenty-nine, are indications of oil; the first,
second and third sand formations existing the same as in the famous oil
regions of Pennsylvania. This locality has been prospected, and the indi-
cations examined by experts, who are confident that, at a depth of from
seven hundred and forty to eight hundred feet oil will be found . About
fifteen years ago, a Mrs. Overman, residing on section thirty-four, town-
ship fifty-two, range twenty-nine, sunk a shaft to the depth of eight hun-
dred feet; but owing to some defect in the boring, water could not be kept
out, and the undertaking was not rewarded with success. Samples of the
drillings, however, were examined by experts' and declared to be the same
as found in all the oil districts of the country.

Near the mouth of Rocky fork of Crooked river, there are similar gen-
uine indications of oil. A petroleum company was organized some years
ago for prospecting in that locality, and made several borings, but for
want of sufficient capital the enterprise proved a failure. At different
places, where the stream flows over the land of White, Long and Adkins,
oil is actually seen on the surface of the water.

Ray county is well watered, being traversed by numerous small streams,
affording sufficient perennial supply of good fresh water for stock and other
purposes agriculture and industry.

The following are the principal streams: Crooked river and its tribu-
taries, East, Middle and West Fork, flowing across the county from north-
west to southeast, drain the entire central portion ; Wakanda, South
Wakanda and Cottonwood creek,the northeastern portion; Fishing river,
Keeny and Rollins creeks, the southwestern, and Willow creek the south-
central portion. The course of all these streams, except Cottonwood creek,
is southeasterly.

The Mirsouri bottoms and prairies constitute probably one half of the
county. The rest consists of small, fertile valleys, low hills, woodland
and bluffs— the last named being confined to the Missouri river, except at
a few points along the banks of streams in the interior [of the county.

We have thus given a brief topographical outline of the county whose
history these pages are intended to recite.

No effort will be made at rhetorical adornment, but we shall endeavor
to write plainly, and correctly and truthfully, in language to be appre-
ciated by the people.

THE PIONEER.

When the first settlements within what are now the limits of Ray
county were made, the country was almost wild. Nature was unsubdued.
The prairies were covered with rank grass. The Indian's bark canoe
floated on the streams, and the jackal's wail on the midnight air. Wild

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 203

honey was in the hollows of trees, and a man's life in the hollow of his
hand. In spring-time, when nature donned her emerald robe, the air was
freighted with the breath of flowers; feathered warblers thronged the
wildwood, and the shadowy dale was resonant with the voice of song.
Birds of plumage were there, but so were birds and beasts of prey —
the latter sleeping in the da)r, but prowling in the night. It is ever
thus: the enemies of innocence and beauty lurk secluded till opportunity
offers to steal a blow. The primeval forests, as yet scarcely scathed by
the hand of husbandry, were inhabited by ferocious, as well as by a
great variety of harmless wild animals, including almost every species
of American game. The panther, bear, jackal, lynx, wildcat, catamount,
wolf and fox were among the destructive denizens of the tangled wild-
wood. Myriads of wild turkeys flocked in the groves and ravaged the
little corn-fields. The streams were full of fishes. Bison browsed on the
prairie, and elk and deer were abroad in the forest. Hunting, trapping,
and the gathering of wild honey were the most profitable employments.
The skins of wild animals afforded raiment for the body — their flesh, food.
Indeed, the pioneer lived largely on the fruits of the chase. Hunting was
at once a pleasant and profitable pastime. People living from fifteen to
forty miles apart were considered near neighbors, and numbers of them
would often assemble, especially in the autumn, to

"Drive the fleet deer the forest through,
And homeward wend with evening dew."

On these occasions everybody was gleeful; the very dogs were blithesome,
and leaped for joy; the granting horse, with beaming eye and distended
nostril, seemed eager for the fun. Peace prevailed and good fellowship
reigned supreme. As the cold, gray dawn of a November morning
flooded the frost-crowned trees, with a sea of silver the merry hunter
would

" Sound! Sound the horn! To the hunter good
What's the gully deep, or the roaring flood?
Right over he bounds, as the wild deer bounds,
At the heels of his swift, sure, silent hounds.
Oh, what delights can a mortal lack,
When he once is firm on his horse's back,
With his stirrups short and his snaffle strong,
And the blast of the horn for his morning song? "

But the sound of the hunter's horn is no longer heard in the land.
Where it once reverberated the iron horse rends the air from his lungs of
fire; and the zephyr's wing wafts the din of industry over the felled
forest, where the jackal screamed and the night-bird piped his plaintive
strain.

For several years after the first settlement within the present bounda-

204 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

ries of the county, the Indian, steadily driven before the advancing front
of civilization, found a safe asylum in the wilds of the west. The first
families, therefore, who planted themselves here permanently to remain,
were subjected to a close intimacy with the savages. Happily, however,
they were not seriously molested, as the tribes noted for fell barbarities
failed to visit this immediate region.

Pioneer life had its pleasures, but also, its hardships and dangers; and
the latter far more than counterbalanced the former. To leave home
and kindred and friends, the attachments of early associations, the scenes
of childhood, the influences of education and refinement, and every fond
endearment that binds one to the place of his birth, or to the subjects of
his parental esteem ; to venture far out on the western border, where ani-
mated and inanimated nature are alike unreclaimed, to face the perils "and
endure the hardships of frontier life, required a high order of courage —
a resolution not easily baffled — an iron will. This is quite as it should be;
those who stock a country with inhabitants should be of the very
best character, morally, intellectually and physically. So were the men
and women <who came to people the then remote northwestern frontier
of Missouri territory — all of which subsequently became, and the richest
portion of which is now Ray county.

In writing of the pioneers of this county, the reader will understand
that our meaning is broad enough to include those who settled within its
original limits, from the Missouri river to the Iowa line.

They may have been, as a rule, illiterate, because school advantages
were extremely meager; some of them — many of them— were wild and
wayward, for they lived on the "outskirts of civilization," and had to
battle with the hardships of frontier life. The ruffian anon stole into their
midst, but he was not of them — yet among them and of them were
Christians; and if there were no church buildings, the groves — "God's
first temples" — in summer, and the primitive dwelling of some pious
neighbor in winter, afforded them a sacred fane for the worship of the
Infinite One. They wore " hodden gray " — cloth woven by the frugal
house-wife from nettles, gathered by the boys from the woods and river
bottoms; aye, thev wore even the tanned skins of wild animals; and
dined on " homely fare." But what of that, they were honest men.

They occasionally fought, it is true, but fought like men — forgave each
other, and were friends. Prejudice, jealousy or suspicion found no lodg-
ment in their hearts; neither was there room there for treachery or decep-
tion. They spurned all littleness, scorned bickering and smothered the
flames of rankling revenge. They worshipped no god but God, and
looked with contempt on the fawning sycophant, the sharker and the
charlatan. Of their number, the modern " politician " was not one.
While their independence of thought gave each an opinion of his own,

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 205

the one respected the views of every other. Individuality asserted itself
in their adherence to different political parties, but they were wedded
to no organization, and in reality, their test of merit for public official
position, was the JefFersonian test. The pioneer is not a time-server;
he loves independence.

Amon<i the females, the "common scold" was unknown. A venial
fault was not expanded to a crime. A neighbor's misfortune caused
them genuine sorrow. They were frugal, but not sordid; liberal, not
lavish; cheerful and diligent. Vanity failed to entice them. They were
happy in their homespun garb. They were content to work. The hus-
band, home at night, " free from care, from labor free," was lulled'to rest
by the steadv whir of the spinning-wheel. Their ready hands shaped
fells into garments, drove the shuttle, swayed the batten, whirled the dis-
taff— and their owners were never peevish, because never idle.

Such was the character, with rare exceptions, of the men and
women, who left their homes in Tennessee, Virginia, Kentucky, and
other southern states, to participate in the settlement, ultimately in the
organization, and to contribute to the growth and prosperity of Ray
county; from among whom her first officers were chosen, and of whom
many of her best citizens of to-day are descendants. But they are gone,
let us hope, to dwell with "just men made perfect." We know that, on
earth, theirs were the homes of peace and contentment; that they dwelt
together in harmony, in love.

"Dwelt in the love of God and of man. Alike were they free from
Fear, that reigns with the tyrant, and envy, the vice of republics.
Neither locks had they to their doors, nor bars to their windows;
But their dwellings were open as day and the hearts of their owners."

EARLY SETTLEMENTS AND SETTLERS.

The first settlers within the boundaries afterwards embracing Ray
county, came in the summer of 1815.

The country was not a wilderness, not a dreary waste ; it was a broad
expanse of diversified area, rich, productive, beautiful; but undeveloped,
unpolished by the hand of art, undisturbed in the embrace of nature's God.

The pioneers' old fashioned Virginia wagons, covered with white
canvas, drawn by three horses, forming a " spike team," guided by a
single line attached to the rein of the leader's bridle, and in the hands of
a driver seated on the rear horse at the left wheel, halted on the east
bank of Crooked river, not far above its mouth. It was August. The
trees were crowned with luxuriant foliage. The forest was resonant with
its own music, and redolent of summer's perfume. Spread out before

206 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

the travel-worn immigrant in all its pristine beauty, nature's handiwork
presented a scene too inviting to pass. The opposite was the more attract-
ive shore, but the stream was swollen, and how to cross was a problem
to solve. It was quickly done. Trees were felled, a raft made, and the
party swimming their horses, passed safe to the other shore, and went
into camp. Thus, though its privations continued for a time, a long and
toilsome journey, all the way from the sterile hills of East Tennessee, was
brought to a welcome ending; and the first white families, who paused
to remain, west of Grand river from the Missouri to the Iowa line, passed
the first night within what afterwards became the limits of Ray county.
Their tents and canvased wagons afforded them sufficient shelter for
the summer and early fall, but not from the rigors of winter. Quarters
more substantial and capacious had to be built of logs, and ere this work
could be completed, autumn's golden glamour was fading in the " sear
and yellow leaf." Winter was coming on apace, and soon
" The embattled forests, erewhile armed with gold,

Their banners bright with every martial hue,
Stood like some sad, beaten host of old,

Withdrawn afar in Time's remotest blue."

But their hovels were finished in time to shield them from the severity of
winter, and that season was doubtless passed with little suffering and
in comparative comfort, considering the proximity of savages and fero-
cious wild animals.

The place of the first settlements was called Buffalo, probably because
frequented by that animal, and was not far from the present site of Har-
din, in what is now Crooked River township, in the southeastern part
of the county.

The settlement at Buffalo, or the Buffalo settlement, more properly,
perhaps, was made by immigants from Tennessee, Kentucky and Vir-
ginia. The very first settler was John Vanderpool, a Tennessean. He
located, as above stated, on the west side of Crooked river,* in August,
J 81 5. With him was his wife, Ellen Vanderpool, and the following chil-
dren: Winant, Meaddors, Kinman, Mary, Delilah, Holland, and John.
Lydia and James were born in Ray county. The latter, at the age of
seven years, was drowned in the Missouri river. Winant, Kinman and
Delilah, are dead ; the rest still living. Meaddors is living in Oregon, and
although ninety years of age, continues to survey land. He, in 1819,
taught the first school ever taught in Ray county. He also surveyed
this county, and afterwards Chariton, Clay, Carroll, and Caldwell. His
life has been one of many hardships, of continued labor, yet he is still
active and energetic. Mary and John also reside in Oregon. Holland,
to whom the writer is indebted for much interesting information con-
cerning the early history of the county, is still a resident of Ray, making

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 207

his home with a friend near Richmond. Ray county has been his home
from early childhood, and he is now in his seventy-sixth year. No man
knows any harm of Holland Vanderpool; he is a true Christian, inno-
cent, emotional and warm-hearted. The entire family is remarkable for
longevity. John Vanderpool lived to be quite old, and his father died at
the advanced age of one hundred and nine.

Isaac Martin, who came from Kentucky, Lewis Richards, and Stephen
and Joseph Field, from Tennessee, settled in the Buffalo neighborhood the
same year. Isaac Martin became prominent as a local politician; was
among the first representatives of the county in the general assembly,
and held other county offices. He was unlettered, but of strong natural
sense, and was a good neighbor, and a true gentleman. In one of his
races for the legislature, Martin's competitor was Dr. W. P. Thompson,
a Virginian, an educated, as well as a most worthy gentleman. A public
meeting was held at old Bluffton. Dr. Thompson made a speech of
some length, in which he mentioned with an air of pride, that he was
from Virginia, and modestly referred to his scholarship and the school
from which he graduated. Martin replied in the following words:

" Gentlemen and fellow-citizens : I was born in Kentucky. I never went
to school but three days in my life; the third day I whipped the teacher and
left. What little I got was in the field, and it's right in here;" (pointing to his
head).

Martin was a democrat, and was elected. Living in the county at that
time was a poor old man, named Wallace, a revolutionary soldier, who
had never received a pension. Approaching Martin, he told him of this
neglect, whereupon Martin replied: "Old man, I appreciate your serv-
ices in the cause of independence ; rest assured that PI! see that you get
the pension you justly deserve." The pension was secured through Mar-
tin's efforts, and the old soldier lived to the end of his few remaining
years in comparative comfort.

The following year, 1810, Abraham Linville, Aaron Linville, John
Proffitt, and a man named Wood, with their families, joined the first set-
tlers. They were all from Tennessee.

From this first settlement are derived, of course, the first incidents of
early history. We mention some of them, as follows:

The first marriage solemnized between persons living within the pres-
ent boundaries of Ray county, was that of Winant Vanderpool to Miss
Nancy Linville, about Christmas, 1815. There being no minister in the
neighborhood, they were compelled to go many miles eastward to find
one to perform the ceremony.

A son born to Katie, wife of John Proffitt, in the year 1810, was the
first white male child born in the county ; but it died in infancy.

Missouri, daughter of Winant and Nancy Vanderpool, born in 1810,

208 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

was the first female child born in what subsequently became Ray county
The father, an Old School Baptist preacher, is now dead. The mother
as well as the daughter, are still living, the former in Mercer county.

The first death was that of an infant son, mentioned above, of John
Profhtt and wife, occurring in 1816, followed soon after by the death ot
Peggy, daughter of W. and Nancy Vanderpool. Both decedents were
buried on Crooked river, in the Buffalo settlement.

Dr. William P. Thompson, from Virginia, an educated, genial, and
obliging gentleman, was the first practicing physician. He died in
Grundy county, Missouri.

Reverend Finis Clark, of the Baptist denomination, Old School, was
the first preacher. He was a good man; one among many others,
who wore and wears religion not as a cloak to conceal the designs of a
wicked heart. The first religious services were held at the house of
Isaac Martin. In the winter season preaching was held in the neighbors
dwellings. In the summer time

* * * "In the darkling wood,
Amidst the cool and silence, they knelt down,
And offered to the Mightiest solemn thanks
And supplication." * * *

Men carried their guns to church, not to shoot their fellow-man, but to
defend themselves against the attacks of wild animals. They also wore
leather breeches, hunting-shirts, moccasins, and coon-skin caps. The
ladies were attired in dresses of cloth, made from nettles, gathered from
the bottoms, after partially decaying, and " broken," as flax. They also
wore leathern aprons.

The first school house was built by the settlers on Ogg's branch, in
section four, township fifty-one, range twenty-eight. The thing built was
but a rude, unsightly hut. The logs were unhewn; the roof was of
rough boards, weighted to the rafters with heavy poles; the chimney was
made of sticks, and the floor was the naked ground. The seats were
puncheons, set on pegs, inserted into holes near either end. The writing
desk was of the same material, but larger, and placed on longer pegs. A
log, taken from either side of the house, and the apertures closed with
greased paper, formed the windows. A hobby-horse stood in the corner,
for the accommodation of refractory pupils.

In this house, in the spring and summer of 1819, was taught the first
school ever taught in the county, and Meaddors Vanderpool was the
teacher. It was a subscription school, and the master was paid in calves,
buck-skins, and wild honey.

All the first settlers did their own domestic labor. The weaving of
cloth was done at home by mothers and daughters, and, in many cases, as

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 209

already stated, the cloth was the product of nettles or thistles, with which,
at that day, the country abounded.

Corn meal was made by putting the grain into a mortar, and pulver-
izing it by pounding with a pestle. The meal was sifted through home-
made sieves, formed of buckskin and wire.

In 1817 the settlers, anticipating an attack from the Indians, and for
their general safety and protection, built, on the Missouri, southeast of
where Camden now stands, what they called a fort. A circular enclosure,
made by setting cottonwood posts in the earth, formed the stockade. In
the center of this was a block-house, made of heavy timber, and provided
with loop-holes. The fort was called North Bluffton, and was the first
village founded in Missouri territory west of Grand, and north of the
Missouri river. It stood close to the river bank, but the stream has long
since changed its channel, and the site of North Bluffton is overgrown
with trees and herbage.

All the settlers entered the fort and lived therein for some time, but
really to no purpose, as it was never necessary to use it as a barrier of
defense. The Indians were friendly, and seemed influenced more by a
desire to pilfer, than by motives of hostility.

The first settlement was a nucleus around which others were rapidly
formed. In March, 1818, John, Richard, Samuel, Zachariah, William,
and Jesse Cleavenger, Isaac Allen, John Hutchings, Lewis, Samuel, and
Jacob Tarwater, James Wells, and William R. Blythe (a trapper), settled
in Fishing river bottom, in the southwestern part of the county. They,
too, were all from middle and east Tennessee.

The next year R. Lewis McCoskrie, a native of Bourbon county, Ken-
tucky, settled in the same locality; Captain Jacob Rifle, from Casey
county, Kentucky, a little further to the east, in township fifty-one, range
twenty-eight, and Dorcdle Rowland and David Fletcher, on sections three
and ten, township fifty-one, range twenty-nine, respectively. They came
from Indiana directly; originally from North Carolina.

The above settlers all came to stay, and were sober, industrious, hon-
est men. Several of them held county and township offices at different
times.

John Cleavenger was the first settler between his house and the Iowa line.
He afterwards became a justice o fthe peace ; served two years as sheriff,
and from 1856 to 1858, represented the county in the state general assem-
bly. He was a worthy and useful citizen, and many of his descendants
are yet living in the county.

Jesse Cleavenger lost his life by falling from a second story window of
a farm house, in which religious services were being held when the acci-
dent occurred.

210 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY

R. Lewis McCoskrie still lives where he settled sixty-two years ago.
His name is untarnished.

Jas. Wells was appointed, by the first state legislature, one of the com-
missioners to locate the permanent seat of justice of Ray county.

Capt. Jacob Rifle was widely known and esteemed. His name is yet
familiar in every part of the county. His marriage to Miss Rutha Mar-
tin, February 15, 1821, by B. D. Bowmer, a justice of the peace, was
among the first solemnized in the county; and his son, William C, was
the first white child born in what is now Richmond township.

Samuel Cleavenger served several terms as justice of the county court.

William R. Blythe was twice elected to represent Rav in the general
assembly, and was her first state senator.

Isaac Allen became a judge of the county court. The settlement was
called " the Tarwater settlement," in honor of Jacob Tarwater.

The physicians who practiced in the neighborhood^ 1818, and thereaf-
ter, were: Dr. W. P. Thompson, Dr. A. B. Ralph, who is now (April,
1881,) living at Albany, this county, and Dr. John Sappington, an emi-
nent physician, who died at his home, near Arrow Rock, in Saline county,
September 7, 1856. (Dr. Sappington was the originator and proprietor
of "Sap-pi lights Anli Fever Pills" which attained immense popularity
and were extensively sold — in some places passing as a medium of
exchange — throughout the eastern, middle, western, and southern states.)

The first ministers were Rev. William Turnage and Rev. Finis Clark,
Baptists. Services were held at the house of Jacob Tarwater, a pious,
pure-minded man, in section 10, township 51, 29.

The school house was a mean little cabin, similar to the one already
described, situated near the Tarwater place. The teacher was one Mun-
holland; the number of pupils twenty, and the tuition $2.50 per quarter
per pupil, a slight improvement, surely, on the Vanderpool school in the
matter of compensation. If, in point of fact, less remunerative, it showed
progression in method, at least.

The early settlers were, of course, compelled to endure many hardships
and privations. To detail all these would require greater space than the
plan of this work will allow. Suffice it to say that mills, markets, etc.,
were from forty to seventy miles distant, and, as there were no roads, or
at best very inferior ones, the mills and markets were accessable only
with difficulty.

For a long time the nearest horse-mill was forty miles distant, and sugar
and coffee (tea being a luxury in pioneer life rarely indulged in.) were to
be obtained only at Fort Osage, on the south bank of the Missouri, in
Jackson county.

In 1818 Isaac Martin built a horse-mill near his residence on Crooked

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 211

river, and shortly afterward John C. Bates erected a similar mill in Bluff-
ton.

These mills had each a capacity of about twenty-rive bushels per day.
The roads leading to them were poor and lonely, but necessity forced
persons living from twenty-five to thirty miles away to patronize them.
Having reached the mill, the applicant was compelled to remain from
three to five days, waiting for his grain to be ground, meanwhile subsist-
ing on game and wild hone)-, using parched corn in lieu of bread.

Trade in live-stock, other than "swapping'' horses, was almost
unknown. There were few cattle; and they could be bought, when
found, at from three to twenty dollars, according to age, size or quality.

The average price of pork, which was exceedingly scarce, was about
one dollar and fifty cents per hundred weight, and a market for that com-
modity was not easily found. In fact, the first settlers had no hogs.
Much time in the early fall was spent in laying in a supply of meat for
the winter, and venison hams, nicely cured, formed a considerable portion of
the pioneer's food.

The wild hog was in the woods, and the pioneer, being an unerring
marksman, never failed to bring him down, save when his usually faithful
flintlock " hun<r fire."

The streams abounded with fish, and "gigging" was a favorite recrea-
tion of the early settler. But this pastime could be enjoyed only at night
and when the streams were clear and shallow. Near the front end of a
canoe, five or six boards were laid crosswise, thus forming a small plat-
form, which was covered with mud or mortar. On this a fire was built
of dry wood, a supply of which for the night was prepared and placed
in the canoe. One man sat at the rear, and with a paddle noiselessly pro-
pelled the canoe, while another stood near the front and thrust his long-
handled gig into the fish as he saw it by the light of the fire.

But little money was in circulation, and happily little was required.
The scalps of wolves and foxes, for which the law provided a pecuniary
reward, were often used to pay taxes; and furs, buckskins, beeswax and
wild honey were bartered in the stores. Many of the settlers being with-
out gold or silver, the only medium receivable by the government in pay-
ment of lands entered, actually deposited with the land agent, at his office
in Franklin, doe-skins and beeswax in payment of their indebtedness for
land. From this fact the skins so deposited acquired the appellation of
"land office money."

Bank notes of all the states were in circulation, and were received at par
as a medium of exchange between the settlers, but were not "land office
money." A United States bill was very seldom met with, and gold and
silver were extremely scarce, being used only in entering land and in the
payment of expenses incident to the land office.

212 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

Of course none of the vast multitude of labor and time-saving inven-
tions, wrought out by the ingenuity of man, were in the hands of the early
settlers, on the wild western borders. All domestic and mechanical labor
was performed by the settlers. There were few carpenters among them ;
skilled artisans were scarce; hence, every man was his own mechanic.
Many agricultural implements; all wearing apparel, and nearly all house-
hold articles were made at home. Rude and unshapely as they were,
they answered every purpose, and nobody complained because they were
no better.

The idler was not tolerated; the housewife was untiring; the husband
provident; the children dutiful.

Thus lived the First Settlers.

"Nor you, ye proud, impute to them the fault,
If memory o'er their tomb no trophies raise,
Where thro1 the long-drawn aisle and fretted vault,
The pealing anthem swells the note of praise."

INDIANS.

The Indians inhabiting this section when first visited by white settlers,
and for several years afterwards, were the Sacs and Iowas. They
claimed the country as their own, and, of course, regarded the whites as
intruders; yet they were friendly, and, though perhaps regretfully, with-
out resistance yielded dominion to the superior, incoming Caucasian.

A few deeds of blood and plunder were committed by savages who
occasionally stole into the country from more war-like tribes, but tradition
has no graver charge to prefer against the Sacs and Iowas than begging,
pilfering and the like. They were not given to such dastardly deeds of
despoliation and murder as the ancient Iroquois ; nor were they so barbar-
ous as the neighboring Osage.

The white men, women and children soon became thoroughly familiar
with the "poor Indian," and the latter's appearance excited no alarm.

One day in July, 1818, a band of marauding savages, belonging to the
Osage tribe, camped in the yard of a Mrs. Macelroy, a widow, living near
the mouth of Fishing river. The Indians built fires in the yard, and
began cooking and eating roasting ears, pilfering, shooting pigs, and
driving away the horses. The only inmates of the house were the two
persons who lived there — the widow and her little son, aged ten. The
latter was sent to the house of Mr. Martin Parmer, a near neighbor, to
tell him of the presence of the savages; of their depredations, and to seek

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 213

his assistance. Parmer, on receiving the message, seized his gun; a
grown son did the same, and, accompanied by the boy, the two hastily
proceeded to the widow's house, on reaching which, the boy entered by
the back door. By this time all the Indians had left but seven, who were
still in the yard. Parmer and his son fired upon them, killing two. The
rest ran into the house, where the mother and son were trembling with
fear. With their tomahawks, the savages cut off two of the boy's fin-
gers, and inflicted other severe wounds, but failed to kill him. The elder
Parmer climbed upon the roof and commenced tearing off the boards,
whereupon one of the Indians ran out of the house, attempting to escape;
but Parmer fired upon him from the house-top, and brought the savage
to the ground. His firearm discharged, Parmer drew a butcher-knife,
hastily descended, and ran to the wounded Indian. The latter, insolent
even in the moment of death, turned upon his back and attempted to spit
in the face of his antagonist, when Parmer, with his butcher-knife, cut
the Indian's throat " from ear to ear."

The father and son killed three of the four remaining savages; the
other, though severely wounded, made his escape. The six dead Indians
were dragged to a deep gully and thrown in.

This bloody rencounter alarmed the settlers; they expected the Indians
to seek revenge; the latter, however, showed no disposition to retaliate.

Stephen Fields, who will be remembered as one of the original settlers
in the Buffalo neighborhood, about 1820, moved to the bluffs, on Crooked
river, near where the present poor farm is situated. The Indians com-
menced killing his hogs. At this Fields was greatly enraged, and, taking
his gun, one morning, went into the woods, and came upon three Indians,
also with guns. Fields told the Indians they had been killing his hogs,
and to faickachec (get away). The savages bitterly denied the accusa-
tion, but Fields insisted that he was not mistaken; he knew they had
been killing his hogs. Unable to pacify the old man, the three Indians
seized him, stripped off his shirt, and, with the ramrod of his own gun,
flogged him unmercifully, lacerating his back in a horrible manner,
they told him to -puckachee. That he did, is not a " rash presumption.

This outrageous affair caused great excitement. Mr. Fields was an
old man, sixty years of age, and greatly esteemed by his neighbors. The
people were aroused. A company was raised to follow and punish the
savages. The latter, anticipating retaliation, decamped long before sun-
rise the following morning. When their pursuers, about sunrise, reached
the camp the Indians had deserted, their tires were still burning. Hair,
bones, feet and flesh of the hogs they had killed were scattered around.
The indignant whites pursued the Indians as far as Grand river, which
the latter swam, thus baffling their pursuers.

Returning to their homes, the whites found, at many places in the

21i HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

woods, venison hams hanging in the trees. They had been hung up by
the Indians to dry.

A venerable gentleman, who was living near the scene of the occur-
rence just related, at the date thereof, who was one of the party of orig-
inal settlers, and has always lived in the county, assures the writer that
he remembers of no other deeds of violence committed by the Sacs and
Iowas. They were generally very friendly.

On one occasion, a party of surveyors ( Meaddors and Holland Vander-
pool being two of the party, the former surveyor-in-chief), was camped
in the woods. It was a rainy day in autumn, and the men remained in
their tent for shelter — availing themselves, meanwhile, of the excellent
opportunity of washing their leather breeches and hunting shirts.
About ten days were required in which to complete their survey. The
party was busily engaged in washing their wearing apparel, when, out of
the rainfall, six Indians stepped into the tent. They at once began making
a variety of significant gestures, such as picking up ashes and putting
them to their lips, plainly indicating that what they wanted was salt, an
article of which the party had on hand in a little bag lying in sight, about
a quart. Their request not being complied with, the Indians proposed to
exchange for the salt a butcher-knife they had brought along, and their
powder and bullets, ejaculating, as they held out the articles, "how swap!"
"how swap!" The reply came, "no swap!" " no swap." Meantime, the
white men had begun to sniff, and hold their noses, as an odor, not agree-
able to evenr olf actor, was permeating the atmosphere of the little tent;
and suddenly, a big Indian thrust from under his blanket, next to his skin,
a genuine skunk, exclaiming, " how swap pony cat," " how swap pony
cat," his companions, at the same time, gabbling like a flock of geese.
The whites, at once comprehending the ruse, failed to disperse, and again
replied, "no swap," "no swap." Foiled in this trick, the big Indian at
once invented another; a mark was made on a tree, some paces in front
of the tent, at which five of the Indians, standing in the tent door, consec-
utively shot. No sooner had the fifth fired, than the five ran toward the
tree, as if to see which had won. This was to attract the white's atten-
tion—and it did so. In the excitement the big Indian deftly slipped the
bag of salt under his blanket, and ran in the direction of the mark, but
he never stopped there. The surveyors were compelled to eat fresh
meat without salt about ten da}rs.

It is a well-known fact, that the Indians were exceedingly fond of honey,
and yet remarkably afraid of bees. Holland Vanderpool and Daniel
Riggs — youngest son of Timothy — were one day cutting a bee tree in the
forest. Two Indians came up, but being afraid, not of the men, but of
bees, stood at some distance looking on. The tree was soon felled to the
ground, and the large, rich, delicious comb taken from its hollow. While

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 215

the process of " robbing " was going on, the Indians stood making signs,
by thrusting out their hands in a grasping manner and returning them to
their mouths, which stood ajar, to indicate that they wanted some honey.
Mr. Vanderpool, proverbially generous, took a large piece to each of them.
They expressed their gratitude by tenderly stroking him on the breast,
and by the exclamation, " good muck-a-man, " "good muck-a-man. " Be-
sides being afraid of bees, the Indians were too lazy to cut the trees.
Laziness is one of the chief characteristics of the Indian. All heavy work
and drudgery are forced upon the squaws.

It will be seen, then, that the early settlers of Ray county suffered little
on account of the Indians. They were fortunate in locating in the midst
of friendlv tribes — the Sacs and Iowas.

ORGANIZATION.

Ray county was originally a part of Howard county, but by act of the

legislature, approved November 16, 1820, to take effect January 1, 1821,

it was formally organized as a separate and distinct county, and named in

honor of the Hon. John Ray, one of the delegates from Howard county to

the convention which met in St. Louis, in June, 1820, for the purpose of

framing a state constitution preparatory to the admission of Missouri into
the union.

The legislative act establishing Ray county denned her territory to be,
" all that part of Howard county west of Grand river to the boundary
line of this state ;" and then went on to declare that all that portion of
country lying north of the county of Ray, and west of the range line
dividing ranges twenty-one, and twenty-two, to the northern and western
boundary of the state should be attached to said county of Ray for all
purposes, civil, military and judicial.

Ray, it should be remembered, was organized while the rich and beau-
tiful area acquired under the celebrated " Platte Purchase " was yet an
Indian reservation. It was not till 1836, that that sagacious, far-seeing states-
man, Thomas H. Benton, succeeded in procuring the passage of a bill
through congress providing for the removal of the Indians farther west-
ward, and the adding of their territory to Missouri. When Ray county,
therefore, was established it extended to the western border of the state,
or to what has since become that portion of Missouri containing the coun-
ties of Andrew, Atchison, Buchanan, Holt, Nodaway and Platte, known
as the " Platte Purchase;" and it then comprised within its limits all that
broad and beautiful expanse of country now divided into the prosperous
counties of Worth, Gentry, DeKalb, Clinton, Clay, Ray, Harrison, Mer-
cer, Grundy, Livingston and Carroll.

216 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

Article VI. of the act organizing Ray county, provides that, " when a
division of said county of Ray may become necessary, the boundary line
of said county shall be as follows, to-wit: Beginning in the middle of the
main channel of the Missouri river, at the range line between ranges
twenty-five and twenty-six; thence with said line north to the township
line dividing townships fifty-five and fifty-six; thence west with said line
to the line dividing ranges twenty-nine and thirty ; thence south with said
line to the middle of the main channel of the Missouri river; thence down
the middle of the main channel thereof to the place of beginning."

It will be observed that the present limits of the county correspond with
those set forth in the above article, save as to the northern boundary line,
which, in fact, is that separating townships fifty-four and fiftv-five, instead
of those numbered fifty-five and fifty-six. The latter townships are in
Caldwell county.

Section XX of "an act defining the limits of the several counties in
this state," approved February 16, 1825, provides as follows: "That all
that portion of territory bounded as follows, to-wit: Beginning at a point
in the middle of the main channel of the Missouri river, due south of the
termination of range line between ranges twenty-five' and twenty-six,
north of said river, and running thence north, with range line to the town-
ship line dividing townships fifty-three and fifi ty-J our; thence with said line
west to the range line between ranges twenty-nine and thirty; thence
south with said range line to the middle of the main channel of the Mis-
souri river; thence down said river, in the middle of the main channel
thereof, to the beginning, shall compose the county of Ray: Provided,
That all the territory not included in said boundaries, lying east of
the ranges twenty-nine and thirty, south of the northern boundary
of the state, west of Chariton county, and north of the Missouri river; and
all that part of the county of Ray which is stricken oft" by the before men-
tioned boundary line lying north of the before mentioned boundry of said
county, be attached to, and form part of said county of Ray for all pur-
poses, civil and military, until otherwise provided by law."

It will thus be seen that — excluding the territory attached for "civil and
military purposes" — the above mentioned boundaries are the same as the
present confines of the county, except that, this time, the northern limit is
the township line separating townships fifty-three and fifty four, whereas,
Article VI of the act establishing the county provided that when-
ever it should become necessary to divide the county, its northern
boundary should be the township line between townships fifty-five and
fifty-six. This line is the space of one township north, and that mentioned
in the act of February, 1825, the same distance south of the existing
northern boundary line — which was fixed December 26, 1836, when Cald-
well county was formed out of the northern part of Ray. Clay county was

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 217

erected January 2, 1822, from the western part of Ray, and Carroll Jan-
uary 2, 1833, from the eastern portion. The formation of these counties,
together with Caldwell, above mentioned, left Ray with her present
boundaries.

Isaac Martin, James Wells, John Harris, John Turner, and Jonathan
Liggett were appointed by the legislature commissioners, " with full power
and authority to point out and fix upon the most suitable place in the
county of Ray, whereon to erect a court house and jail ; " and the place
they, or a majority of them, selected was to be the permanent seat of
justice for said county of Ray. The act provided that the first courts of
the county should be holden at the town of Bluffton, unless the com-
missioners should previously point out another place for holding said
courts. The commissioners were authorized bv law to receive as a dona-
tion, a good and sufficient title in fee simple to such tract of land or
town lots as they, or a majority of them, should deem most convenient for
a county-seat for the county of Ray, containing not less than fifty, nor
more than two hundred acres of land ; and if such donation could not be
obtained,, the commissioners, in that event, were empowered to purchase
a similar quantity of land, without any reservation whatever, for the pur-
poses aforesaid. They were to pay in cash, ten dollars per acre. The
deeds by them received were to be submitted to the circuit court for
approval, and if approved by the court, the commissioners were to cause
the land to be laid off' in town lots, or squares. They were further
authorized to sell said lots, first reserving such as might be necessary for
public buildings, and the money received from their sale was to be applied,
first, "to the building of a good and sufficient jail, and the remainder
toward the building of a court house and other public buildings." The
commissioners were notified of their appointment, by the governor, and
were required to take an oath, or affirmation before some judge, or justice
of the peace of Ray county, to faithfully and impartially discharge the
duties assigned them, and that they would not select any place for a seat
of justice, wherein they, or any one of them, were directly or indirectly
interested in the soil. They were required to render a true account of
their proceedings to the circuit court at each term thereof, after their
several appointments; they were also required to give bond, with at
least two sufficient sureties, to be approved by the judge of the circuit
court.

On and after the first day of January, 1821, the county of Ray was
vested with all the powers, privileges and immunities of a separate and
distinct county. It then became lawful for the sheriff, coroner and con-
stable to " do and perform" all duties which those officers were required
to do in the county of Howard; and all suits and actions then pending in
U

218 HISTORV OF RAV COUNTY.

the count}' of Howard, were to be tried and determined in the same man-
ner as though no division had taken place; all fees, fines, forfeitures,
judgments, due on the first day of January, or to become due in pursu-
ance of suits, processes, taxes, or proceedings then commenced, were to
be collected in the same manner as if the act creating the county of Ray
had never been passed. Justices of the peace in the county of Ray, who
acted as such while it was included within the county of Howard, had
full power and authority to proceed in all cases commenced, or judgments
given before them as justices of the peace for the county of Howard.
Any person who acted as justice of the peace for that part of the county
of Howard which fell into the county of Ray, was required to deliver to
some justice of the peace of the township in which he resided " all dock-
ets, documents, papers, and books," which belonged or related to his
office of justice, "whole, safe and undefaced." The justice to whom they
were delivered, receipted for the same, and it became his duty to proceed
on such dockets, etc., in the same manner as the justice would have done
had the act never been passed.

The first circuit court convened at Bluffton, on the Missouri river, in
February, 1821, and the first county court at the sarne place in April of
the same year. A district judge, three count)- justices, a county and cir-
cuit clerk, and a sheriff, whose names will be given at the proper place in
a succeeding chapter, were duly appointed. Thus was the municipal
machinery of Ray county set in motion ; and, save during a memorable
period due to no default of her citizens, it has ever since continued to run
smoothly and without retardation.

FIRST COUNTY SEAT, AND EARLY MUNICIPAL HISTORY.

The legislature, as already stated, by the act organizing Ray as a sep-
arate county, made Bluffton, on the Missouri river, its temporary set of
justice. There, of course, the courts were to be held, and all county
business transacted, until the commissioners appointed to select a site for
the permanent location of the county seat, should have performed that
dutv according to law : and until the title papers, conveying the land
donated to, or purchased by them should be duly approved by the judge
of the circuit court as the law provided. Such approval, as the sequel
will show, was most tardily obtained; and, owing to the difficulty in
selecting a more eligible place, to which a perfect legal title could be
given, Bluffton continued to enjoy the distinction of being the " Seat of
Justice " of a new, but large and prosperous county, for nearly seven
years.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 219

Tradition tells many interesting stories of " Old Blufrton," once a smil-
ing village on the banks of the broad Missouri,

" Where health and plenty cheered the laboring swain " —

but it no longer exists, save in name, on the early official records, by
traditional evidence, and in the memories of the oldest living inhabitants.
In the latter repositories it must soon perish, as the oldest residents are fast
joining the "innumerable caravan that travel to the pale realms of shade;"
by the other means, however, aided — let us indulge the hope — by the
pages of this volume, it will, no doubt, enjoy a longevity extending far
beyond the limits of the present generation. In 1821, William B. Martin,
Robert Nicholson and Timothy Riggs were the tavern-keepers of Blufi-
ton. They received their licenses— for which each paid a "tax" of ten
dollars — from the county court. Martin afterwards became a justice of
the county court, and held other public positions of trust and profit.
Timothy Riggs was a man of some prominence — a naive, garrulous,
good-natured landlord, in whose house the first circuit and county courts
were held. The records contain no mention of Nicholson and tradition
fails to hand him down.

Ray county was organized before the ingenuity of man made the very
elements subservient to his will. Not yet did the "rail-car snort from
strand to strand ; " and, in order to reach the seat of justice, on its south-
ern border, persons in remote parts of the county, which then extended
northward to the Iowa state line and westward to the Indian reservation,
were compelled to traverse many miles either afoot or on horseback, as
necessity required; and were often on the road from four to six days.
This fact, doubtless, more than any other, made " tavern-keeping " profit-
able even in the country; and many persons were licensed by the
county court to "keep tavern," at their residences, in different local-
ities in the county — a privilege lasting one year, and for which each
licensee was required to pay a "tax" of ten dollars. Besides those
already enumerated, Isaac Martin and Martin Parmer were among the
early " tavern keepers." Of the former we shall have more to say here-
after. Parmer, familiarly known as "Ring-Tail Painter," was a noted
pioneer. He came to this county about the year 1S16. In the fall of
1817 he built a log cabin near Grand river, in what is now De Witt town-
ship, Carroll county, and established himself for the winter to engage in
trapping. The cabin erected by Parmer is said to have been the first
ever built within the present limits of Carroll county. Parmer was a
celebrated Indian fighter, and in another place in these pages it shall be
our pleasure to give an account of his heroic defense of helpness inno-
cence. He was exceedingly eccentric in habit, rough in manners, unlet-
tered, but warm-hearted, brave, generous and daring. He preferred the
seclusion of the wilderness to the abodes of civilization: vet he became a

220 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

politician, joining this pursuit to that of trapper and Indian fighter; and
was the first man to represent Chariton county in the state general assem-
bly. He first settled in Howard, afterwards Ray county, where he lived
a number of years, endearing himself by deeds of valor, as well as by
offices of kindness, to all his fellow-pioneers.

William Turnage, an Old School Baptist, was the village preacher
of Bluffton. He also conducted religious worship at various places in the
county. He was among the first settlers, and will be remembered as one
of the pioneer preachers of the west; a devout and pure-minded man,
whose earnest exhortations taught many souls to " flee from the wrath to
come." But Rev. Turnage was not the only minister. Others, whose
names will be mentioned hereafter, labored with him, and with equal
fervor and fidelity.

The first legal judicial tribunal that ever sat in Ray county, was the
circuit court, and it was held in the town of Bluffton, Monday, the 19th
day of February, 1821.

David Todd personally appeared, and produced a commission from the
governor of Missouri, appointing him judge of the first judicial circuit —
Ray being one of the counties of that circuit. As this was among the
first commissions granted by the first governor of the state, it is sub-
joined in full:

" Alexander McNaie, Governor of the State op Missouri: To all who
shall see these Presents, Greeting: — Know ye, that reposing special trust and
confidence in the integrity, learning and ability of David Todd, Esq., I have
nominated, and by and with the advice and consent of the senate, do appoint
him circuit judge of the first judicial circuit in the state of Missouri, and do
authorize and empower him to discharge the duties of said office according to
law. To have and to hold the said office, with all the rights, privileges and
emoluments thereunto appertaining unto him, the said David Todd, during good
behavior, unless removed according to law.

" In testimony whereof, I have hereunto affixed my private seal (there being
no seal of state yet provided.)

" Given under my hand at St. Louis, the 5th day of December, A. D., 1820,
and of the independence of the United States, the 45th.

"A. McNair. [seal.]

"By the governor:

"Joshua Barton, Secretary of State."

Hamilton R. Gamble, appointed by the supreme court, commissioned by
the governor, was the first prosecuting attorney for the first judicial cir-
cuit. He was present and entered upon the duties of his office. John
Harris was appointed sheriff, and William L. Smith, clerk.

The following persons composed the

FIRST GRAND JURY:

John Vanderpool, foreman; William Tunnidge, Josiah Barns, Joseph

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 221

Dickson, William Scott, John Dickson, Daniel Shackelford, Samuel Prew-
ett, William Rawlings, Charles Scott, James R. Walker, Jesse Fletcher,
David Bryant, Daniel Duvall, Samuel Oliphant, William Ragan and Hugh
Valandingham.

The grand jury retired and consulted, but having nothing to present
were discharged. 'Twere better for the country, if modern grand juries
were generally discharged for a similar reason.

At this first term of court, Hamilton R. Gamble, Peyton R. Hayden and
John T. McKinney, were the lawyers present. They were authorized to
practice in the circuit court of Ray, and after allowing Timothy Riggs
three dollars for the use of his house, the court adjourned till " court in
course " — having been in session one day.

The following are the first bills of indictment, and they were presented
at the second term of the circuit court, held June 18, 1821 :

The State of Missouri,

vs.
Lewis Richards:

" Indictment for selling less than twenty gallons of whisky, without having
obtained a license for retailing spirituous liquors. A true bill."

The State of Missouri,

vs.
lovell snowden and

Zadoc Martin:

" Indictment for an affray. A true bill. "

Richards plead "not guilty," but a verdict was rendered against him,
and he was fined one hundred and twenty dollars and costs. The fine,
however, was subsequently remitted by the governor.

Snowden and Martin plead " guilty," and were fined five dollars each.

The first civil suits were instituted in the circuit court as follows:

February Term. 1822.

Samuel Sweet, Plaintiffs \

vs. > In case.

Joel Estes, Defendant. )

October Term, 1822.

Henry Guest, Plaintiff, )

vs. > In case.

Samuel Crowley, Defendant. )

March Term, 182J.

William Hunter, Plaintiff, \

vs. [ In trespass.

Solomon Odell, Defendant. )

AmonLr the items of interest connected with the now extinct Blufiton,
worth}- to be noted on the historian's page, is the number of eminent law-
yers who practiced there.

222 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

Nearly, if not quite all of the following persons who practiced at the
Blufrton bar, distinguished themselves either as jurists, advocates, orators
or statesmen:

Hamilton R. Gamble, Peyton R. Hayden, Jno. T. McKinney, George
Tompkins, Cyrus Edwards, Dabney Carr, Almstead S. Grundy, Corne-
lius Burnett, Jno. F. Ryland, Amos Rees and Gen. Duff' Green. So
bright a constellation of forensic talent rarely illumines the court room of
more modern times.

A deep interest is always associated with first occurrences in the history
of a country or community — with the first act beginning, or leading to,
an important era, or great event — with the first person to do a thing
memorable for its consequences — with first instruments of writing. Men
of after times love to move backward, " through the vista of departed
years," to the beginning of universal history, and then, specifically, to the
first events, acts, things, men and documents of their own nation, state or
county. The first performers in any great political, social, or military
epoch are remembered simply because they were first. Even the person
first to do an act, in itself insignificant, is often held in long remembrance,
provided it happens to be the first in a series of paramount importance.
First papers, documents, records, after the lapse of years, are looked upon
with reverence. So with a particular spot, marking the scene of some
first important historic event.

Jamestown, Virginia, is remarkable only because it is the site of the
first permanent English settlement in America. For that reason, the
American heart holds its memory dear.

Sir Isaac Newton was a man of superior mind and great learning, but
had he not been first to ascertain the existence of a great philosophical
truth, he must have remained in comparative obscurity.

Columbus was the first white man to set foot on the West Indies, and
John and Sebastian Cabott, the first to touch the mainland of North
America; therefore we cherish their memor}^.

Edwin Ruffin, it is said, was the life-long personal and political friend
of Calhoun, but that is a matter of no interest. On the morning of April
12, 1861, however, a ball from a Confederate cannon crashed against the
solid granite walls of Fort Sumter. It was the first shot of the civil war.
Whether Edwin Ruffin ever fired another is not known, but he fired the
first, and thereby gained a place in history.

Things first are always prolific and proper material for the historian's
pen. This is our apology for having already alluded to matters first in
the history of Ray county, and for frequent similar mention which will
occur in the progress of the work.

Subjoined is the first declaration of intention presented to a Ray county

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 223

tribunal, to become a citizen of the United States. It was presented and
filed at the July term, 1828, of the circuit court:

"This day came into court Patrick Darcey, and presented a petition,
which is ordered to be recorded by the court, which is in the words fol-
lowing:

"To the honorable, the circuit court of Ray county: The petition of
Patrick Darcey, a native of Swynford, of the parish of CellscondifT, of
the county of Mayo, in Ireland — being twenty-four years of age on the
10th of May, last; and who has lived in the United States of America
since the month of April, 1820; and wishing to become a naturalized
citizen of the said states, intending to make his residence in the county
of Ray, of the state of Missouri, being in height five feet, seven inches
and one half, with gray eyes, black hair, freckled face, pretty much
marked with small-pox: And he would respectfully ask of this honor-
able court to be permitted to avail himself of the several laws of the
United States, in such cases made and provided, to enable him to become
a naturalized citizen of the said states; 'and prays that this declaration
• may be entered of record, and, as in duty bound, he will ever pray, and
so forth. Patrick M. Darcey."

"Patrick Darcey, the above named declarant, appears in open court and
makes oath that the facts set forth in his said petition, as above, are true.
July 15th, 1823. Jon. T. Burch, Clerk."

"The undersigned, citizens of the state of Missouri, and residents of
the county of Ray, make oath that they have been personally acquainted
with Patrick Darcey, the within named declarant, for about six months
past, that they believe him a well-disposed man, and have heard no
charges against his general good character.

W. Black.
Joseph Porter.
Wm. L. Black.
Sworn to in open court, July loth, 1823.

Jon. T. Burch, Clerk."

And so, an "exile of Erin " was the first foreigner to become a natu-
ralized citizen of Ray. We presume he made a worthy citizen, and a
useful member of society. If a true representative of the Emerald Isle,
we knozv he paid his debts and his taxes, and was brave, generous, and
unselfish. He was afterwards appointed road-oVerseer, and for the year
1831 was collector of the county.

The circuit court continued to meet in Blufrton, at the house of Timothy
Riggs, till its November term, 1828, when it adjourned to meet in Rich-
mond.

The first term of the county court was held in Bluffton, commencing
Monday, April 2d, 1821. Like the circuit court, the county court used
the " tavern " of Timothy Rigri£S as a court house.

John Thornton, Isaac Martin and Elisha Camron were the justices.
The last named, however, did not attend till the January term, 1822, when
he produced his commission, was sworn in, and took his seat.

224 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

Following is the first entry of record in the proceedings of the court:
'"'■State of Missouri:

" Be it remembered, that upon the first Monday of April, one thousand
eight hundred and twenty-one, being the second day of said month, at the
town of Bluffton, in the county of Ray, the same time and place being
those appointed by laws passed at the last session of the legislature of said
state, entitled, 'An act for the division of Howard county and the estab-
lishment of certain counties therein,' one of which is the said county of
Ray, and also entitled, ' An act to establish judicial circuits and districts,
and appointing the times ot holding courts therein.' John Thornton and
Isaac Martin, being a majority of the justices of the count}' court, appeared,
took their seats, and presented their commissions."

The commissions were signed by the governor. The justices took the
usual oath of office before John Shields, a justice of the peace.

William L. Smith was appointed clerk of the court. As previously
stated, John Harris was sheriff.

The county court, at this, its first term, seems to have had considerably
more business to transact than the circuit court at its first session. Town-
ships and county roads were established; county and township officers
appointed; ferry rights, tavern, merchant, dram-shop, and peddler's
licenses granted; commissioners nominated to "superintend and preserve
from waste " all school lands in the county, and William Rollins was sum-
moned to appear at the next term of the court to show cause why his
children should not be taken in charge by the county court for protection.

A county court was then, of course, a novelty to most of the citizens,
for Franklin was many miles away, and few of the denizens on the west-
ern border ever visited that town; but the judges, though perhaps unlet-
tered, wrere men endued with a goodly share of common sense, and per-
formed their duties in a creditable manner.

The first public road in the county, established in April, 1821, lead from
Bluffton to John Thornton's mill. The first ferry license was granted to
Isaac Martin, to keep a public ferry across Crooked river from his farm
on the east half of the northwest quarter of section six, township fifty-one,
range twenty-six. Rates for transportation by said ferry of " persons and
things " were fixed by the county court. Isaac Martin was also the first
road overseer.

On the first Monday in August, 1822, an election was held at the house
of Andrew Turpin, in Missouriton township, and at that of John Shields,
in Bluffton township.

The county was originally divided into two townships, Bluffton and
Fishing River. The latter, however, was soon sub-divided, and Gallatin
township formed thereout. Prior to the holding of the election referred
to, and prior, also, to the May term, 1822, of the court at which that elec-

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 225

tion was ordered, voting precincts had been established bv the court, as
follows:

On the " Wyaconda,7' to be called the " Wyaconda" precinct, to include
the settlement from Grand river to the middle of range twenty-three.
Place of holding elections, house of John McGaugh.

On Crooked river, to be called Crooked River precinct, to include the
country from the middle of range twenty-three to the Discharge (Willow
creek). Place of holding election, house of Isaac Martin.

At BlufFton, to be called Bluftton precinct, including the settlements
from the Discharge to range line between ranges twenty-nine and thirty.
Place of holding elections, Bluftton.

Fishing River township. Place of holding elections, Robertsford.

The court established the above precincts April 23, 1821, but no elec-
tion was ever held in them, because previous to the time (August, 1822,)
appointed for holding the first election, and at its May term, above men-
tioned, the court reduced the number of townships to two- — Bluftton and
Missouriton — establishing the voting places therein as stated above.

The first census of the countv — an enumeration of the inhabitants only
— was taken by the sheriff, John Harris, in September, 1821, a service
for which he received thirty-four dollars. Returns were made to the
county court, and that body found the population to be 1,789. The
county's present population, as well as that of intervening years, will be
given in another place; here, we will only add that it is gratifying to
know, that, although reduced in area to one-twelfth its size in 1821, the
number of inhabitants to-day is twelve times as great, and the increase of
wealth a hundred fold.

At its May term, 1822, William L. Smith resigned his position as clerk
of the county court. He was an efficient officer; wrote a large, fair hand,
and was a gentleman of more than ordinary intelligence. It is, perhaps,
not traducing his character, to state that he was an old bachelor, and that
the author finds in the records of the county court, the following entry:

"Ordered, that the order of this court requiring that William L. Smith,
the former clerk, should be charged with half the amount of the tax
imposed upon bachelors for state purposes in 1821, be and the same is
hereby revoked, and from henceforth discontinued."

The first death by violence that occurred in the county, of which an
official took cognizance, wras that of James Buchanan, on whose body an
inquest was held before William Miller, a justice of the peace, August,
1823.

The first bridge erected in Ray county, was that across the Discharge
— now known as Willow creek — on the road leading from Jack's ferry,
on the Missouri river, to Bluftton. For the erection of this bridge, a poll

226 HIRTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

tax of eighteen and three-fourths cents was levied, to be collected with
the county revenue.

Atfer holding its sessions in Bluftton for seven years, the county court
adjourned its special term of April 5th, 1828, to meet in Richmond, the
newly made county seat. George Woodward, the clerk, was ordered to
move the books, papers, etc., of the county court, to his residence, near
Richmond, to keep them there, and Jhere to transact the duties of his
office, until the necessary public buildings could be erected and ready
for use.

The basis of what we have written in this chapter is the proceedings of
the early courts ; and we have, besides, told the reader something of the
first county seat. With that, however, as such — save as necessity requires
in the succeeding chapter — we are done — but

* * * " When life is old,
And many a scene forgot, the heart will hold
Its memory of this." * * *

REMOVAL OF THE COUNTY SEAT.

The commissioners appointed by the general assembly to point out
and determine upon a site for the permanent location of the county seat,
were required, by law, to render to the circuit court, at each term thereof,
until they accomplished the end of the work assigned them, a full and
correct account of their proceedings. Accordingly, at the first term of
the circuit court, February, 1821, they, with the exception of John Tur-
ner, appeared, took the oath of office and executed bonds in the sum
of ten thousand dollars, conditioned for the faithful performance of their
duty.

The task of the commissioners was far from an easy one. Although
they labored assiduously, they failed to accomplish the object of their
appointment, and the same is true of several succeeding commissions.
Thus careful was Judge Todd that the title to' the property, on which was
to be located the permanent seat of justice, should be genuine, complete
and "unclouded."

At the June term, 1821, of the circuit court, John Turner joined his
co-commissioners, by taking the usual oath, and they then reported to the
court that they had, in pursuance of their official duty, selected a site
whereon to permanently locate the seat of justice, and that it was in the
the tract of land, situated on the Missouri river, owned by Duff Green
and Charles Simmons, and upon a part of which tract the town of Bluff-
ton was laid out; that the proprietors of said tract of land offered a dona-
tion of fifty acres for the use of the county, and that the commissioners

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 227

were ready and willing to accept the same, as soon as the court approved
the title thereto. The evidences of title were, accordingly, submitted to
the court for his examination. This report was signed: James Wells,
Jonathan Liggett, John Harris, John (his mark) Turner, committee.

Green and Simmons entered into bond in the sum of fifteen hundred
dollars to make their donation worth that amount; but we find no
record of the court's opinion as to the title of the property donated, but
since it was never accepted as the site for the permanent location of the
county seat, it is certain that the evidences of title were not approved,
although they were duly signed, delivered and recorded.

The commissioners, with two notable exceptions, soon began to tire of
their work. At the February term, 1822, John Harris and James Wells
resigned. Liggett soon followed their example, and subsequent appointees
served but a short time, till they either resigned or refused further to act,
thus keeping up a continuous rotation.

A second report was not rendered till the July term, 1823, when the
commissioners presented their report locating the county seat in the town
of Blunton, and praying the opinion of the court, as to the validity of the
title to the property selected. The court suspended his opinion till " court in
course" — March term, 1824 — when he decided, after having carefully
viewed and examined the title papers, that the title was incomplete.

At the November term — same year— the commissioners submitted a
third report, selecting, this time, a tract of land containing fifty acres, in
a New Madrid survey, near Blunton. Again their labors were in vain —
the court interposing the fatal objection, that the proprietor of the New
Madrid location could not convey a fee simple title to any portion thereof.

Thrice frustrated in their efforts; doubtless, without hope of future suc-
cess, and weary of prolonged, unrequited endeavor, the commissioners,
with the exception of the untiring Martin and Turner, abandoned a work
made memorable for repeated failures.

The court supplied the places of those who resigned, by the appoint-
ment of Samuel Prewitt, Samuel Cleavenger and Abraham Linville, but
the question of the removal of the county seat was not again seriously
agitated till the spring of 182*;. On Wednesday, the loth of March, the
commissioners again appeared in open court, and reported that they had
determined upon a site for the permanent establishment of the seat of jus-
tice, in the southeast one-fourth of section ten, township fifty-one, range
twenty-eight, west of the fifth principal meridian, on land of Jeremiah
Crowley.

The court took time to examine the title to the ground reported, and
while we have been unable to find his opinion entered of record, it was
certainly rendered, approving the title to Crowley's place; for, only six-
days afterward, Crowley and wife conveyed the same by deed to the com-

228 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

missioneers, to the use of the county of Ray, and subsequently, the
county court " ordered that the title papers of Jeremiah Crowley, donating
to the county of Ray, fifty acres of land, for the purposes of a county
seat for said county, be committed for record." Accordingly on the 8th
of October, 1827, the deed, having been property signed and acknowl-
edged, was duly recorded in the recorder's office. The land donated was
surveyed on the day of the execution of the deed, by one Weekly Dale>
and contained fifty-one acres — one acre being reserved for " meeting
house." But, the county seat was never moved to Crowley's place. At
its May term, 1829, the county court appointed Hardy Holman commis-
sioner on behalf of the county " to convey back to Jeremiah Crowley, a
tract of fifty acres, donated by said Crowley to the county of Ray, for the
purposes of locating thereon a county seat." The law provided that
when the seat of justice was removed, it should be to some central situa-
tion. Crowley's place was certainly far from the center of the county.

Friday, August 18th, 1826, the county court — convened in special ses-
sion— took up the consideration of the petition of sundry inhabitants of the
county, praying for a removal of the seat of justice to some more central
point. From a careful examination of the assessor's books, the court
found the number of taxable inhabitants to be two hundred and thirty-
nine, and on counting the legal subscribers to said petition, there were
found to be one hundred and thirty-eight names of persons legally quali-
fied to sign the same. This number not being three-fifths of the taxable
inhabitants of the county — as the amended law then required, — the peti-
tion was dismissed from further consideration. A change in the law,
repealing the act of 1821, touching the removal of county seats, required
the county court, on petitition of three-fifths of the taxable population of a
county, praying for a removal of the seat of justice, to appoint five per-
sons, non-residents of the county, desiring a change in the location of its
county seat, as commissioners to " view, select and report to said court a
proper situation, near the centre of the county, whereon to locate the seat
of justice."

At its November term, Monday, November 6, 1826, the county court
considered a second petition, numerously signed, praying, as before, a
removal of the seat of justice to a more central situation. The court was
satisfied, after examination, that more than three-fifths of the signers were
legally qualified; they therefore granted the prayer of the petition, and
appointed the following persons commissioners to " view, select and
report" a proper site for the permanent location of the county seat: John
Stepp, James Warren and Markham Triston, of Lafayette county, and
Elisha Camron and Charles English, of Clay county.

The commissioners were required to meet at the house of Joseph Cox,
of Ray county, and " there to discharge the duties enjoined on them by

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 229

law." The sheriff was ordered to notify each commissioner of his apoint-
ment.

Whether this commission ever selected a site for the county seat, or
whether it ever met, is not known, as the official records contain no further
mention of it. It is quite certain, however, that it did nothing, as at a
special term, held in April, 1827, the court again considered a similar peti-
tion, and, for like reasons, appointed the following new commission: John
Stepp, Markham Triston and William Owens, of Lafayette county;
Andrew Robertson and Eppe Tillory, of Clay county. They were
directed to meet at the residence of John Woolard, of Ray county, and the
sheriff was ordered to advertise said meeting by posting placards in ten of
the most public places in the county.

The commissioners met promptly at the appointed time, May 5, 1827,
and selected as a site on which to locate the permanent seat of justice of
Ray county, the " Woolard place," in the southwest quarter of fractional
section thirty, township fifty-two, range twenty-seven; and on the same day,
in behalf of the county, received a deed thereto from John Woolard, Isaac
Thornton, William B. Martin, and William Thornton, the proprietors
thereof. The deed was duly acknowledged May 30, approved by the
judge of the circuit court July 20, and so certified to the county court;
filed for record October 2, and recorded October 8, 1827.

Friday, July 20, 1827, the count}7 court convened in special session, for
the purpose of ordering an election for voting on a proposition to remove
the county seat to the place selected by the commissioners. Judges of
election were appointed for the four townships — Bluffton, Missouriton,
Fishing River, and Crooked River — which then composed the county, and
the 20th and 21st of the following August were appointed the days for
holding said election.

Monday, September 24, 1827, the county court again met in special ses-
sion to canvass the result of the election. An examination of the poll-
books of the several townships showed the whole number of " good "
votes cast to be one hundred and sixty-three, of which one hundred and
eight are a majority. The court, therefore, declared that " the place peti-
tioned for, called ' Woolard's place,' should be the permanent seat of jus-
tice " of Ray county.

Thus, after a prolonged, varied, and arduous effort of more than six-
years, a location for the permanent county seat was legally determined
upon. But Blufiton, as a county seat, was not immediately abandoned.
A new town was to be laid out, and the necessary public buildings
erected — a work requiring twelve months to accomplish; hence, Bluffton
remained, practically, the seat of justice during that period.

William S. Miller was appointed commissioner of the new seat of jus-
tice.

230 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

The land was to be surveyed and laid off into town lots, streets, and
alleys, by October 15, 1827; and an order was issued, naming Thursday,
the 25th of that month, as the time — to be continued from day to day —
for their sale at public auction. It was ordered that the sale be advertised
in some newspaper, published in the state; and, after bestowing on the
embryo city the name of Richmond, in honor of the capital metropolis of
the " Old Dominion," the court adjourned.

At a special term, held Monday, October 22, 1827, a plat of Richmond,
accompanied by his report, was submitted to the county court by Com-
missioner Miller. The survey of the town had been completed, under
the commissioners' direction, by Thomas N. Aubry, Esq., county sur-
veyor.

The court appointed William Thornton superintendent of county build-
ings; and, at its special term, April 5, 1828, he submitted a plan for a jail,
which the court accepted, provided the cost thereof would not exceed
four hundred dollars. The contract for building was let to Sebourn J.
Miller.

The court, having no further business to transact, adjourned, having
met for the last time in Bluflton.

The first county court held in the county, outside of that town, con-
vened Monday, May 5, 1828, at the residence of George Woodward, near
Richmond. William P. Thompson, Sebourn J. Miller, and Isaac Allen
were the justices; Larkin Stanley, sheriff, and George Woodward, clerk.

Thomas Riggs' tavern wras a substitute for a court house six years;
after that the dwelling of George Woodward was improvised, till a court
house could be erected. The latter was completed and ready for occu-
pancy March 5, 1829. At the November term, of the preceding year,
S. J. Miller informed the court that he had completed the jail agreeable to
his contract. The court found, however, "that the corners to said build-
ing had not been sawed down." This, Miller guaranteed to have done,
and the court agreed to receive the jail, and pay the contractor his last
installment, of $47.25.

As may be readily inferred, the jail was a log fabric of a very rude and
primitive kind. The only entrance was by a stairway, on the outside
leading to a solitary door that opened into a kind of garret, in the floor of
which was a trap-door, or hatchway: through this the prisoners, by
means of a ladder, descended to the "dungeon."

The court house — for those days — was really " a structure of majestic
frame." It, too, was built of logs, nicely hewn, and skillfully fitted
together at the corners; the apertures between them being "chinked"
with seasoned mulberry blocks, and lined on the inside with "good,
shaved oak boards." The floor was made of puncheons, and the chimney
was a delicate wooden one, whose symmetrical framing rose gracefully

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 231

above the gable end of a board roof; it was provided with a rock back,
and the hearth and jambs were of the same incombustible material.

Such is the description of Ray county's first public buildings: the one
for the culprits' comfort, and the other wherein justice between man and
man was dispensed at stated periods in ever}- year. But they no longer
encumber the public square, having given place, years ago, to more com-
modious buildings of improved architecture ; their very logs have crum-
bled to dust under the withering touch of time's destructive fingers.

In November, 1828, the county court notified the circuit court, in writ-
ng, that a "good and sufficient jail" was erected in the town of Richmond,
and also, that a court house would be ready for use by its next March
term. The sheriff, therefore, made public proclamation, on the adjourn-
ment of the circuit court that it would hold its next term in the town
of Richmond.

Pursuant to this proclamation, the circuit court convened in Richmond,
for the first time, Thursday, March 19, A. D., 1829. David Todd was
still judge; George Woodward, clerk; Larkin Stanley, sheriff.

The following persons were on the grand jury: —

William Black, foreman; Thomas Edwards, Noble Goe, Alex. Bogart,
Fouche Garner, John Cleavenger, John Turner, John McCrosky, Wil-
liam Mann, Benjamin Nichols, Robert Gragg, James R. Walker, Jesse
Tivault, Branick Wilkinson, John Scott, and James Ball.

FIRST INSTRUMENTS RECORDED.

MARRIAGE CERTIFICATES.

State of Missouri,
County of Ray.
Know all men by these presents, That I, a preacher of the gospel, did
join in the holy state of matrimony, Owen Thorp and Elizabeth Hiett,
as man and wife, this 10th day of June, 1821.

Joel Estes.
Recorded 18th June, 1821.

Attest: William L. Smith, Clerk.

State of Missouri, )
County of Ray. > Set.

Township of Missouriton, )

Be it known, That, on this 15th day of February, 1821, I joined in the
bonds of holy matrimony, Jacob Rifle and Ruth Martin; satisfactory
proof having been first made of parental consent.
Given from under my hand the day and date above.

B. D. Bowmer, J. P.
Recorded on this 20th day of July, 1821.

William L. Smith, Clerk.

232 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

State of Missouri, \c t
County of Ray, j c '

I do certify that I joined in the bonds of matrimony, John Woolard and
Nancy Liles, conformably to the laws of the State. ,

Given under my hand this 9th April, 1821.

Isaac Martin, yustice Ray County Court.
Recorded on this 17th day of December, 1821.

Attest: William L. Smith, Clerk.

State of Missouri, ) g .
County of Ray. j

I do certify I joined in the bonds of matrimony, Vincent Carlisle and
Narcissa Black, conformably to the laws of this state.
Given under my hand the 2d of December, 1821.

Isaac Martin, y. C. C.
Recorded on this 17th day of December, 1821.

Attest: William L. Smith, Clerk.

This is to certify, That on the 20th day of December, 1821, I did join
in the holy state of matrimony, Mr. Robert Morris and Miss Heffsabe
Pune, both of Gallatin township and county of Ray.

Given under my hand and seal, the daj- and date above written.

John Thornton, y. P. [seal.]
Recorded on the 7th day of January, 1822.

Attest: William L. Smith, Clerk.

FIRST SHERIFF'S COMMISSION.

Alexander McNair, to all who shall sec these presents, greeting:
Know ye, that reposing special trust and confidence in the integrity, vig-
ilance, and ability of John Harris, I do hereby appoint him sheriff of the
county of Ray, and authorize and empower him to discharge the duties of
said office according to law.

To have and to hold the said office, with all the powers, privileges and
emoluments to the same of right appertaining, unto him, the said John
Harris, until the next general election, and until a successor be duly
qualified.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto affixed my private seal (there
being no seal of state yet provided.)

Given under my hand at St. Louis, the first day of January, A. D. 1821,
and of the independence of the United States the forty-fifth.

A. McNair, [seal.]

By the Governor.

Joshua Barton, Secretary of State.

FIRST OFFICIAL BOND.

Know all men by these presents, That we, John Harris, Martin Parmer
and Thomas Officer are held and firmly bound unto Alexander McNair,
governor of the state of Missouri, and his successors in office, in the sum
of five thousand dollars, current money of the United States, to which
payment, well and truly to be made, we bind our heirs, executors and
administrators, jointly and severally, firmly by these presents.

Sealed and dated this 19th day of February, 1821.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 233

The condition of the above obligation is such, that whereas* the above
bound John Harris has been legally appointed and commissioned sheriff
of the county of Ray in the said state of Missouri, and during the term,
until the next general election, and until a successor shall be duly qualified.
Now should he, the said John Harris, faithfully, as sheriff of the said
county of Ray, execute, fulfill and discharge all the duties of said office of
sheriff for and during the time of his continuance therein, then the above
obligation to be void, else to remain in full force and virtue.

John Harris, [seal.]

Martin Parmer, [seal.]
Thomas Officer, [seal.]
Acknowledged in open court. David Todd, "Judge.

BOND OF COMMISSIONERS TO SELECT SITE FOR PERMANENT SEAT OF

JUSTICE.

Know all men by these presents, That we, James Wills, Jonathan Lig-
gett, John Harris, Isaac Martin, as principals, and John Shields, Martin
Parmer, Thomas Officer, John Hutchings, of the county of Ray and state
of Missouri, are held and firmly bound unto Alexander McNair, Esquire,
governor of the said state of Missouri, and his successors in office, for the
use of the county of Ray, in the just and full sum of ten thousand dollars
of lawful money of the United States, to the payment whereof we bind
ourselves, our heirs, executors and administrators, jointly and severally,
firmly by these presents, sealed with our seals, and dated this nineteenth
day of February, eighteen hundred and twenty-one.

The condition of the above obligation is such, that whereas the above
bound James Wills, Jonathan Liggett, John Harris and Isaac Martin, have
been by law appointed commissioners with full power and authority to
point out and fix on the most suitable plan in said county of Ray, whereon
to erect a court house and jail. Now should they, the said Wills, Liggett,
Harris and Martin, commissioners as aforesaid, faithfully and impartially
discharge their duties as commissioners of said county of Ray, and appro-
priate and dispose of all moneys or property that may come into their
hands as commissioners aforesaid, to the sole use and benefit of said county
of Ray; and that if there should be a surplus of said money or property
remaining in their hands after having complied with the objects of their
appointment, that they and each of them will, under the direction of the
circuit court, pay the same into the county treasury, or to any person or
persons the said court shall direct, and render at each term of the said
circuit court a just and true account of how far they have performed the
duties incident to the said appointment, as commissioners of the said county
of Ray, then the above obligation to be void, else to remain in full force
and virtue. James Wills, [seal.]

Jonathan Liggett, [seal. ]
John Harris, [seal,.]

Isaac Martin, [seal.]

John Shields, [seal.]

Martin Parmer, [seal.]
Thomas Officer, [seal. |
John Hutch ins, [seal.]

Sealed and delivered in my presence and in open court,

15 David Todd, Judge.

234 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

The following are the first conveyances of land within the present Ray
count)', made and recorded after its organization, to-wit:

To all whom these -present shall come, greeting ; Know ye,
that I, Duff Green, of the town of Chariton and state of Missouri,
for and in consideration of one hundred and sixty acres of a New
Madrid certificate* of three hundred and thirty arpens, in the name of
James Brady, numbered two hundred and thirty-two (232), this day con-
veyed to me by Thomas A. Smith, of the town of Franklin and state
aforesaid, according to a certain agreement entered into between the said
Smith and myself to liquidate the dispute then existing between us, as
regards the town of Bluffton, which said agreement bears date the 6th
of December, 1819, 1, the said Duff Green, do, for the consideration afore-
said, grant, bargain and sell, transfer and assign to the said Thomas A.
Smith and to his heirs and assigns forever, one undivided fourth part of a
location of six hundred and forty acres of land, made by virtue of a New
Madrid certificate, numbered four hundred and fifty-eight (458) in the
name of Robert Lane ; said location made in township fifty-one, north,
and range twenty-eight, west, north of Missouri river, reference being had
to the office of the United States surveyor of this state, will more fully
show the metes and bounds thereof; which said cited certificate, in the
name of Robert Lane, located as aforesaid, I, the said Green, claim and
own by virtue of a regular chain of conveyance from the said Lane to
myself for either the land at New Madrid, or the certificate in him
thereof.

To have and to hold the said undivided fourth part of said location,
together with all and singular the rights, privileges and advantages there-
unto belonging, or in any wise appertaining to him, the said Thomas A.
Smith, and to his heirs and assigns forever.

Arid it is further and expressly understood that one-fourth part of the
said town of Bluffton is hereby conveyed, and the advantages and per-
quisites from lots sold, or hereafter to be sold, are held in common, is
hereby conveyed to the said Thomas A. Smith, his heirs or assigns.

In testimony whereof, I, the said Duff Green, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this 12th day of January, 1821.

Duff Green, [seal.]

*On the night ot December 16, 1811, at about two o'clock a. m., was felt the 'first great
shock of the New Madrid earthquake in New Madrid county, Missouri. Shocks, compar-
atively light, followed at intervals of from half an hour to an hour, till seven a. m., when a
second earthquake occurred, scarcely less violent than the first. After this slight shocks
were felt from time to time until January 7, 1812, when the country was again visited by an
earthquake equally as violent as the first two, and which, also, was followed by slighter
ones, at intervals, till February 17th, at which time a third very severe one occurred. A
considerable extent of valuable farming land was utterly destroyed by this calamity ; and
congress, carrying out the known wishes of the people, passed an act February 17, 1815,
for the relief of those who had sustained losses of real estate caused by the earthquake in
New Madrid county. This act was the origin of the " New Madrid Claims," and provided
that any person owning lands within the boundaries forming the county on the 10th day of
November, 1812, whose lands were materially injured by the earthquake, might locate a
like qnantity on any of the public lands of Missouri territory; but no location was ot
exceed 640 acres. A few of these locations were made on public lands within what is now
Ray county.

The above will explain what is meant by the term " New Madrid Location," or " New
Madrid Certificate."

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 235

Signed, sealed and delivered in presence of

Ch. Ventland,
Franklin Township, ) James M. White.

County of Howard, - ss.
State of Missouri. )

This day came the within and above named Duff Green personally
before the undersigned, a justice of the peace, within and for the county
aforesaid, and acknowledged the foregoing deed as and for his volun-
tary act and deed for the purposes therein named.

Given under my hand and seal, this 12th day of January, 1821.

George Chapman, J. P. [seal.]
State of Missouri, )
County of Ray. f

Recorded the within and foregoing instrument of writing on this 13th
day of March, 1821, in book "A," pages 20 and 21.

William L. Smith,

C. R. C. C. [seal.]

To all to whom these presents shall come, greeting : Know ye that I,
Thomas A. Smith, of the town of Franklin and stateof Missouri, for
and in consideration of one hundred and sixty acres of land, this day
conveyed to me by Duff Green, of the town of Chariton and state
aforesaid, in pursuance of a certain agreement bearing date the 6th
December, 1819, between the said Green and myself relative to the
town of Bluffton — reference being had to said Green's deed to me'will
fully shew — do, for and in consideration aforesaid, grant, bargain, sell,
transfer and assign to the said Duff Green, and to his heirs and assigns
forever, one hundred and sixty acres, being an undivided part of a New
Madrid, or Earthquake certificate, in the name of James Brady, numbered
two hundred and thirty-two (232).

To have and to hold the said undivided part of said certificate, and the
land that is, or may be acquired by virtue thereof, to him, the said Duff
Green, and to his heirs and assigns forever.

In testimony whereof, I, the said Thomas A. Smith, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this 12th day of January, 1821.

T. A. Smith, [seal.]

Signed, sealed and delivered in presence of

Howard County, )
State of Missouri, f

Ch. Ventland,
James M. White.

Be it remembered, that this day came the within named, Thomas A.
Smith personally before the undersigned, a justice of the peace in and for
the county aforesaid, and acknowledged the within deed as and for his
his voluntary act and deed.

Given under my hand and seal this. . . .day of January, 1821.

George Chapman, J. P. [seal.]
State of Missouri, )

County of Ray. j ss

Recorded the within and foregoing instrument of writing on this 13th
day of March, 1821, in book " A," page 22. William L. Smith,

Clerk R. C. C. [seal.]

236 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

The following is the first patent recorded in Ray county, but the land
is now in Carroll :

yames Monroe, President of the United States of America : To all to
xvlwmtlicse presents shall come, greeting ; Know ye, that in pursuance of the
acts of congress appropriating and granting land to the late army of the
United States, passed on and since the 6th day of May, 1812, William
Blake having deposited in the general land office, a warrant in his favor,
numbered 21,142, there is granted unto the said William Blake, late
private in Donoho's corps of artillery, a certain tract of land, containing
one hundred and sixty acres, being the southwest quarter of section two,
of township fifty-three, north, in range twenty-three, west, in the tract
appropriated (by the acts aforesaid) for military bounties, in the territory
of Missouri, north.

To have and to hold, the said quarter section of land, with the appurte-
nances thereof, unto the said William Blake, and to his heirs and assigns
forever.

In testimony whereof, I have caused these letters to be made patent,
and the seal of the general land office to be hereunto affixed.

Given under my hand, at the city of Washington, this twenty-sixth day
of April, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and nine-
teen, and of the independence of the United States of America the
forty-third. James Monroe.

By the president,
Josiah Meigs, Commissioner of the General Land Office.

FIRST POWER OF ATTORNEY.

Know all men by these presents, That we, Bridget Lane, and John Lane,
and Phenix Lane, and Jany Taylor, and Hannah Lane, and Daniel Lane, and
Robert Lane, jr., all of us being the only heirs and legal representatives of
Robert Lane, deceased, and all of us being of the county of New Mad-
rid, and territory of Missouri, for divers good causes, and other valuable
considerations to us hereunto moving, have made, ordained, constituted,
and appointed, and by these presents do make, ordain, constitute and
appoint Andrew M. Ramsey, of the county of New Madrid, and terri-
tory of Missouri, our true* and lawful attorney in fact, irrevocable, for the
purposes following, to-wit:

Whereas, It is provided by an act of congress, approved the 17th day
of February, in the year 1815, entitled, an act for the relief of the inhab-
itants of the county of New Madrid, in the Missouri territory, who suf-
fered by earthquakes, provides that those whose lands have been mate-
rially injured by earthquakes, shall be authorized to locate the like, or a
greater quantitv of Ethe public lands in Missouri territory, the sale of
which is authorized by law; and we, the aforesaid heirs and legal repre-
sentatives, as aforesaid, being persons who are entitled to the provisions
of the aforesaid act of congress ;

Now, know ye, That we, the aforesaid heirs and legal representatives of
the aforesaid Robert Lane, deceased, have given, and do hereby give full,
complete and ample authority to our said attorney, irrevocably to locate
on any of the aforesaid public lands in the said territory, any quantity of
lands which we may be entitled to by virtue of the aforesaid act of con-
gress, for his own proper use, benefit and behoof, and that of his heirs

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 2?>7

and assigns forever, and to sell, transfer and convey the same at his, our
said attorney's own will and pleasure, at all times, to any person or per-
sons whatsoever, for such price and consideration as he, our said attornev,
shall think tit ; also, with power and authority to our said attorney, to
transfer and convey unto the United States, our injured tract of land, sit-
uated, lvintj and beino- in the county of New Madrid and territory of
Missouri, and on the Mississippi river, containing six hundred and forty
acres; it being the same tract of land which was confirmed to Robert
Lane by the board of commissioners of land titles for the territory. And
generally in the premises to do, execute and perform all and singular
whatever shall be requisite and necessary in as fulhand ample a manner,
as we might or could do, were we personally present; also, with power of
substitution, hereby agreeing to ratify and confirm and hold valid all and
whatever our said attorney shall lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue
hereof.

In testimony whereof, we, the several heirs and legal representatives,
as aforesaid, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this 17th day of July,
in the year of our Lord, 1818."

J ■ Her

Bridget X Lane, [seal.]

Mark

John Lane;, [seal.]

Phenix Lane, [seal.]

Her

Jany X Taylor, [seal.]

Mark.

Hannah Lane, [seal.1

His

Daniel X Lane, [seal.]

Mark.
His

Robert X Lane, Jr. [seal.]

Mark.

Attest:

James Brady,
Thomas Fletcher,
Charles T. Ramsey.

FIRST MORTGAGE.

Know all men by these -presents : That I, Samuel Crowley, of Ray
county, and state of Missouri, for and in consideration of the sum of one
hundred dollars, current money of the United States, to me in hand paid
by Jesse Mann, of the county and state aforesaid, hath given, granted,
bargained and sold, and by these presents doth give, grant, bargain and
sell unto the said Samuel Crowley, his heirs, executors, and administrators,
one negro boy, called Chance, about seven years old.

To have and to hold the said negro boy, Chance, unto the said Samuel
Crowley, his heirs, executors, and administrators, or against any person
or persons, claiming under, by or through me, them, or any of them :
provided, and it is the true intent and meaning of these presents, that if
the said Jesse Mann, or his heirs, shall well and truly, on or before the
twenty-third day of April, next, pay unto the said Samuel Crowley, his
heirs, executors" and administrators, the said sum of one hundred dollars,
current money of the United States, with the legal interest thereon due,

238 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

clear of all charges, then the above instrument of writing to be void, and
of no effect, else to be and remain in full force and virtue in law.

Witness my hand and seal, this twenty-third day of July, eighteen hun-
dred and twenty-two.

hie

Jesse X Mann, [seal.]

m'irk.

Signed, sealed, and delivered in the presence of

Jon. T. Burch.
State of Missouri, )
Ray County, j
On this twenty-third day of July, in the year of our Lord one thousand
eight hundred and twenty-two, personally appeared before me, clerk of
the circuit court of the county aforesaid, Jesse Mann, to me well known,
party grantor within named, and acknowledged the foregoing instrument
of writing to be his act and deed, hand and seal, for the purposes therein
mentioned and particularly expressed; and the mortgaged property
therein mentioned to be the right, property, and estate of the said Samuel
Crowley, party grantor, therein named, his heirs, and assigns, for the
purposes therein mentioned.

Given under my hand and seal the day and year above written.

♦ Jonathan T. Burch. [seal.]

On this 24th day of July, 1822, received the foregoing instrument of
writing, to be recorded, and same day was recorded in liber " A," (pages
106 and 107), a land record of said county.

Jon. T. Burch, Clerk, [seal.]

TOWNSHIPS.

FIRST TOWNSHIPS.

At the time of the meeting of the first county court, in April, 1821,
Ray county extended eastward to Grand river, northward to the Iowa
line, westward to the Indian reservation, and southward to the Missouri
river; hence, it will be understood, of course, that an account of the first
townships is given not with exclusive reference to the present limits of the
county.

The act of the general assembly organizing the county, did not divide
it into townships, but left that work to the county court; and on the second
day of the hrst meeting of that tribunal in Ray county, (the second day
being Tuesday, April 3d, 1821,) it was ordered, by the county court, that
this county be divided into two townships, to be known as Bluftton and
Fishing River townships.

Bluffton township embraced all that part of what was then Ray county,
lying between Grand river and the range line, separating ranges twenty-
nine and thirty; Fishing River township, that part of the county situated
between the last mentioned range line and the western boundary of the
state.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 239

The same day, strange as it may seem, on motion of John Hutehings,
the court subdivided Fishing River township, forming " all that part of
said township laying west of the first sectional line running north and
south, on the east side of Squire Gilmore's farm," into a new township, to
be called Gallatin township. We have been unable to locate " Squire
Gilmore's farm," but are satisfied that Gallatin was formed from the west-
ern portion of Fishing River township.

Those who are familliar with the original limits of the county, will
readily perceive that Bluffton township was little more than twice as large
as Fishing River township, and that no part of the latter, as then laid off,
is embraced in what is now Ray county.

At its May term, 1822, the county court reduced the number of town-
ships to two — Missouriton and Bluffton; the former including all that
tract of country in Ray county on the east side of the main east fork of
Crooked river, extending to the mouth thereof, thence east to the Chari-
ton county line (Chariton county being then bounded south by the Mis-
souri river); the latter lying on the east side of said main east fork of
Crooked river, extending to the mouth thereof, thence west to dividing
line between Ray and Clay counties.

At the February term of court, 1823, Bluffton and Missouriton town-
ships were sub-divided and three townships formed thereout, as follows:

Bluffton township — Beginning at the line between Ray and Clay coun-
ties, and running thence east to the range line, between ranges twenty-
seven and twenty-eight. Crooked River township — beginning at the line
between twenty-seven and twenty-eight, thence east to the line between
twenty-five and twenty six. Missouriton township — beginning at the line
separating ranges twenty-five and twenty-six, and running east to Chari-
ton county line.

Bluffton township then included all that part of our present county west
of range twenty-seven; Crooked River township, all that part east of
range twenty-eight, and Missouriton township, lying east of twenty-six,
embraced an area, none of which is within the present limits of the
county. The three townships were of equal size, and, that the reader
may have some idea of their extent, it is stated that the county was twelve
times as large as now.

In the year 1826, at its November term, the county court established
Fishing River township out of that portion of Bluffton township lying
west of range twenty-eight. It embraced what is now Polk, and the
western part of Camden township, besides that area which still retains
the name Fishing River. In other words, Fishing River township was
then simply that portion of range twenty-nine north of the Missouri river.

In February, 1829, by order of the the county court, the name Bluffton
township was changed to Richmond township, in honor of the new county

240 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY

seat, and the following boundaries established: Beginning at the range line
between ranges twenty-eight and twenty-nine; thence, with north bank of
Missouri river, east to section line between sections thirty-four and thirty-
five (now in the river) in range twenty-seven, so as to embrace the space
of four miles east from ran ge twenty-eight; thence, continuing due north
to the northern boundary line of the county— which was then the line now
separating Harrison countv from the state of Iowa; thence west, to range
twenty-nine; thence south, to the beginning — containing one hundred and
seventy-five taxable inhabitants.

Crooked River township was changed in its boundary so as to include
all the land, beginning at the last mentioned section line, on the Mis-
souri river; thence east to section line between sections thirty-four and
thirty-five, in range twenty-five, and extending thence due north to the
northern boundary line of the county — now the boundary line between
Mercer county and the state of Iowa — extending four sections east of the
present county line, and including a strip of land four miles in width, now
belonging to the counties of Carroll, Livingston, Grundy and Mercer.
Missouriton was not changed, except that its western line was removed
four miles farther eastward. It also extended to the Iowa line, including
territory, all of which was in what at present — April, 1881 — are Carroll,
Livingston, Grundy and Mercer counties. Fishing River township
remained unchanged. Crooked River and Missouriton townships con-
tained forty-eight and forty-four taxable inhabitants respectively. More
than that number now reside in any single congressional township.
Anderson Martin was appointed constable of Richmond township; Wil-
liam Millsap, of Fishing River; James Neil, of Crooked River; and
Joseph Johnson, of Missouriton township; each to hold his office one year.

The county court, May 7, 1832, ordered that a new township be
erected out of Richmond township, and named Marion township, with the
following boundaries, viz:

Beginning at the corner of sections twenty-three and twenty-six and
of twenty-seven and twenty-eight, in congressional township fifty-three,
range twenty-seven; thence due north to line between townships fifty-six
and fifty-seven; thence west with said line to range line between ranges
twenty-eight and twenty-nine; thence south with said range line to corner
of sections nineteen and thirty, and of twenty-four and twenty-five, in
congressional township fifty-three; thence east to beginning.

It will be observed that Marion township included four congressional
townships in what is now Caldwell count)-. It contained one hundred
and five taxable inhabitants.

At the Ma)- term, 1832, of the county court, a new township was
established and named Grand River. It was the same width, and lay

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 24:1

northeast of Marion township, just described, extending to the state line,
and embraced an area no part of which is within the present Ray county.

Shoal Creek township was established in June, 1S25, by the Ray
county court. It lay due north of Marion township, and no part of it is
in the Ray county of to-day.

As has been stated, the territory embraced by the original limits was
reduced from time to time till, in the year 1836, by the formation of Cald-
well county, it was left with its present area.

The description of townships thus far given, is of those established
prior to the year 1836, and most of them were, at different times, either
wholly or partially without the boundaries now forming the county.

We now proceed to a more extended account of the townships as they
exist at present.'

CROOKED RIVER TOWNSHIP.

Crooked River township, in the southeastern part of the county,
embaces all of congressional township fifty-two north, range twenty-six
west; seventeen integral, and six fractional sections in township fifty-one,
same range; twelve sections in township fifty-two, range twenty-seven, and
four sections in township fifty-one, same range. It borders on the Mis-
souri river, on Carroll county, and on Grape Grove and Richmond town-
ships; the former being on its north, the latter on its west side.

The first settlement in this township was also the first in the county.
It was made in the year 1815; but as a full account of this settlement will
be found in the chapter devoted to early settlements and settlers, it were
superfluous to recite it here.

The southern portion of the township is bottom land; the north, cen-
tral, and eastern portions gently undulating prairie, of deep Jand produc-
tive soil. Timber abounds on Crooked river, and the larger portion of
what is now Crooked River township was, when first settled, covered
with dense forest. Hardin and Morton are the villages in this township,
and will be mentioned in connection with the history of the towns in Ray-
county, to be found in this volume.

Population per census of 1880, 1,883.

FISHING RIVER TOWNSHIP.

Fishing River township was one of the three townships into which the
county was originally divided. When established in 1821, it included the
territory now occupied by the counties of Clay, Clinton, De Kalb, Gentry,
and Worth. This territory, by act of the general assembly, became

242 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

Clay county, January 2, 1822, and, of course, Fishing River township
was no longer a part of Ray county. A new township was established
in Ray county in November, 1826, and named Fishing River township.
It is the present Fishing River township, reduced to its present limits by
the establishment of Polk and Camden townships.

Fishing River township is in the western part of the county. It includes
all of congressional township 52 north, 29 west; half of township 53 north,
29 west, and sections one, two, three, ten, eleven and twelve, of township
51, 29 west. It contains thirty-eight thousand four hundred acres.

Fishing River township was settled in 1818, by the Cleavengers,
Blythes, McCoskries, Hutchings, Aliens and others, from Tennessee, Ken-
tucky and Indiana. A full account of this settlement having been given
in another place, the writer omits it here. Vibbard, New Garden P. O.,
and El'khorn are in this township. Its population, June 1, 1880, was 1,961.

RICHMOND TOWNSHIP.

Richmond township was originally much larger than now. It has been
reduced to its present area by the formation of new counties and of Knox-
ville, Grape Grove and Camden townships; it having embraced at one
time the greater portion of several counties, since organized, all of Knox-
ville, two tiers of sections on the west side of Grape Grove, and nearly all
of Camden township, east of range twenty-nine.

This township comprises congressional township 52,28; twelve sections
of 53, 28; eight sections of 53, 27; twenty-four sections of 52, 27; eight sec-
tions of 51, same range, and twelve sections of 51,28, making one hundred
sections, or 64,000 acres.

Richmond, the county seat, Rayville and Swanwick, are in Richmond
township. Its population June 1, 1880, according to the tenth U. S. cen-
sus, was 6,070.

The first settler in Richmond township was Captain Jacob Rifle. He
located in the southwestern part of the township in 1818.

The first marriage in this township was that of Captain Jacob Rifle to
Miss Rutha Martin, daughter of Isaac Martin, who will long be remem-
bered, not only as a Ray county pioneer, but as a genial, generous, warm-
hearted gentleman, devoted alike to his family, his neighbors and his
county. The marriage ceremony was pronounced by a Baptist preacher,
named Kimsev.

A son, William C, born of the union just mentioned, March 10th, 1S20,
was the first white male child bom in Richmond township; and a daugh-
ter, Mary A., born of the same union, April 17, 1821, was the first white
female child born in said township.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 243

The first death was that of Charles Woods, who died April 17, 1823.
His remains, without the pomp of a funeral cortege, were borne to a last
resting place on the farm of Capt. Jacob Rifle. No monument marks the
spot; and thither no mourner goes to shed a tear, or "breathe a benison
o'er his sleeping dust."

The early ministers and teachers have been mentioned.

The reader will understand that at the time of the happening of the
above events, Richmond township was known as Bluftton township. The
name was changed in 1829.

GRAPE GROVE TOWNSHIP.

Grape Grove township was established July 2, 1838, at the May
adjourned term of the county court, with the following boundaries, to-wit:

Beginning at the section corner of sections twenty-two and twenty-threes
and twenty-six and twenty-seven, township fifty-three, range twenty-
seven ; thence south to township line between townships fifty-two and fifty-
three; thence east with township line to range line between ranges twen-
ty-five and twenty-six; thence north to Caldwell county line; thence west
to section corner of sections four and five, and thirty-two and thirty-three
(the two latter in Caldwell county ), in range twenty-seven ; thence south
to the section corner of sections twenty and twenty-one and twenty-eight
and twenty-nine; thence east the space of two sections to the beginning
corner.

The boundaries of this township have not been changed since its organ-
ization, forty-three years ago. It is in the northeastern part of the county,
and contains, per census of 1880, a population of 3,091.

Millville, Russellville, Georgeville, Wilmont and Tinney's Grove are in
this township.

Grape Grove township was not settled permanently prior to about the
year 1830.

In that year, probably, William Tinney, John Hendricks, and others,
settled in the northern part of the township. Nathan Tinney, who settled
on the site of the present town of Tinney's Grove in 1840, was among the
early settlers of Grape Grove township; and so, also, were the following
persons: Samuel Grove and James Miller, from Virginia; John Alexan-
der and John Brown, from Ohio; Mathew Hafterty, John Endsley, John
Elliot, Roland Ralph and Arthur B. Ralph, from North Carolina; James
Homan, Edward Saunderson, Perry Maupin, B. McCuistion and James
McCuistion, from Tennessee; Levi McBee, from Ohio; Willis Boyce,
James Linnev, Julius and Dr. Mattock, Pleasant and Layton Ewell, from
Kentucky; and John Sidden and John Hendricks from, East Tennessee.

244 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

Among the early marriages, were John Sidden to Martha Maupin, in
1832; Austin Harlow to Susan Harlow, March 26, 1840, by James Tug-
gle, justice of the peace; and John McBee to Sarah Matheney, in 1846.

Among the early deaths: Mrs. William Tinney, who died in 1S32;
Ellen Boyd, who died in 1839, and was buried at Tinney's Grove, and
John Motherhead, who died in 1840.

The physicians who practiced in Grape Grove township at an early
day, were Dr. George Kelly, who, after some years practice in Grape
Grove, went to California; Dr. Roland Ralph, now — 1881 — a citizen of
Albany, in this county; Dr. McFadden, from Kentucky, now in Kentucky;
Dr. Nathaniel Davis, from Knox county, Tennessee, a graduate of Jeffer-
son medical college, Philadelphia, and who is now — 1881 — an honored
citizen of Richmond, Ray county, Missouri ; and Dr. Roberts, from Ken-
tucky, who was killed at Millville in 1879 by one James Keyes.

Among the early ministers, who conducted religious worship in Grape
Grove township, were Rev. Daniel Patton, of the Cumberland Presby-
terian church. Services were held in a meeting house, constructed of
logs, situated in township fifty-three of range twenty-seven. The house
was torn down years, .ago; Andrew Jordan, also a Cumberland Presby-
terian, preached in the same house; Rev. — Hatton, and Rev. Samuel
Grove, of the M. E. Church, held services at Tinney's Grove, alternating
between the residences of John Brown and Levi McBee, as places of
divine worship.

A man named Barton, taught, perhaps, the first school at Tinney's
Grove. He had but five or six pupils, and as he proved inefficient as a
teacher, received nothing for his services, they being rendered, doubtless,
to the detriment, rather than to the advancement of the children entrusted
to his training.

Captain W. D. Fortune, now living in the vicinity of Tinney's Grove,
was among the early teachers of Grape Grove township. He was a com-
petent teacher, and is a worthy citizen.

The following is a description of a building in which school was taught
at Tinney's Grove, at an early day: The house was quite small, built of
logs, and had been used by its owner as a place in which to garner his
corn. The corn was, of course, removed previous to the commencement
of school; but why the flooring was also taken out, the writer was not in-
formed, and can not imagine. The stick chimney had been torn down,
and the aperture left open, to answer the purpose of a door. A multitude
of cracks obviated the necessity of windows. Seats were prepared by
placing narrow planks across the sleepers — and

" There in his noisy mansion, skilled to rule,
The village master taught his little school. "

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 245

Mrs. Winnegham and Mrs. Tinney were among the weavers of cloth
and carpets; the settlers did their own domestic and industrial labor, and
drew supplies, in the matter of groceries, principally from Lexington and
Richmond.

Such is the early history of Grape Grove township. It has ever been
the abode of a refined and moral community, and is now, 1881, in point
of population, the third township in the county.

CAMDEN TOWNSHIP.

Camden township was established July 5, 1841. Its boundaries are as
follows: Beginning at a point in the middle of the main channel of the
Missouri river, on range line, between ranges twenty-six and twenty-seven ;
thence north with said line to northeast corner of section thirteen, town-
ship fifty-one, range twenty seven; thence with a tier of sections west to
Clay county line; thence south, with said line to middle of main channel
of Missouri river; thence with said river in middle of the main channel
thereof, to the beginning.

The first election was held in Camden township, August 2, 1841. At
its May term, May 2, 1842, the county court, on petition of a large num-
ber of the inhabitants of Fishing River township, praying for a change in
said township, made the following order:

Ordered, That a part of Fishing River township be stricken off and
attached to Camden township, and that the line between said townships,
hereafter be as follows: Beginning on the range line between sections
twenty-nine and thirty, at the township line between townships fifty-one
and fifty-two; thence east to the northeast corner of section four, on said
township line; thence south to southeast corner of section nine; thence
west to range line aforesaid.

In 1847 sections fifteen and twenty-two, in range twenty-seven, of Cam-
den township, were attached to Richmond township.

Camden, Albany, Orrick and Henry postoffices are in this township.
It contained, June 1, 1880, 3,353 inhabitants.

That part of Camden township, east of range twenty-nine, was origin-
ally in BlufTton township, and subsequently in Richmond township; that
west of range twenty-eight was formerly a part of Fishing River town-
ship, hence, as already stated, the territory embraced in this township was
settled at a very early date — as early as 1818.

Among the first settlers we mention the following, nearly all of whom
were from Tennessee: Jeremiah, Samuel and John Crowley, Thomas
English, Richard and Aaron Linville, Branick Wilkinson, William and
Henry Morgan, John C. Cates, Sen., Joseph E. Brockman, John Elliott,

246 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

Frank Jackson, Ballard Hudgins and others. In the days of the first set-
tlers a physician's practice was co-extensive with the county. The same
is true of a minister's preaching; hence, many of the physicians, men-
tioned at different places in this work, practiced medicine in Camden town-
ship, and the same is true of the ministers with respect to their preaching.

KNOXVILLE TOWNSHIP.

Knoxville township was established in 1841. It comprises all of con-
gressional township fifty-four, range twenty-eight; twelve sections in
township fifty-four, range twenty-seven ; eight sections in township fifty-
three, same range, and twenty-four sections in township fifty-three, range
twenty-eight.

The sections, eight in all, are, of course, contiguous, and form an area
of 51,200 acres.

The number of inhabitants of the township, as shown by tenth census,
including Knoxville and Taitsville, with a population of eighty-eight and
one hundred and eight respectively, is 2,301 .

Knoxville township was settled about 1833. In that year a man named
Barnes (who became a useful and respected citizen), from Tennessee, set-
tled on section seven, congressional township fifty-four, range twenty-
eight; and Vincent Silk wood, the same year, settled in the township, as
also did a family of Thompsons, from Kentucky.

A settlement was made on the present sight of Knoxville, originally
called "Buncombe," in the spring of 1834; the Hatfields, Stolins and oth-
ers from Tennessee and Kentucky forming the settlement.

Among the early practicing physicians of Knoxville township, were the
following:

Drs. Kelly and Davis, mentioned in connection with the history of
Grape Grove township, and Dr. John C. Tiffin, from Ohio. Dr. Tiffin, a
graduate of the Ohio medical college, of Cincinnati, is now retired from
active practice, and is living at Knoxville. He has had a large and suc-
cessful practice, and is an honored member of the community in which
he lives.

In addition to those already mentioned, John A. Stone, a Baptist, and
Moses Rainwater, Methodist, preached in this township at an early day.

POLK TOWNSHIP.

By order of the county court, Polk township was formed out of the
northern part of Fishing River township, July 29th, 1845.

It coincides with congressional township fifty-four, range twenty-nine,

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 247

and includes, besides, eighteen contiguous sections in the congressional
townships immediately south.

The township contains 34,560 acres, and a population, (including the
town of Lawson, 223) of 1,534.

Polk, though the smallest in both area and population, is one of the
finest agricultural townships in the county. .

This township was settled as early as 1825 — probably somewhat earlier.
The statements as to who were the first settlers and when, and exactly
where the settlement was made, are conflicting.

It is certain, however, that in 1825 John Fields, from Kentucky, settled
on section eleven, township fifty-four, of range twenty-nine. He was
followed in 1830 by Samuel K. McGee, from Tennessee, and in 1834 by
John Taylor, from Virginia. Taylor settled on section three of the last
mentioned township.

The following persons were among the very early settlers of the town-
ship, viz:

J. Allen, Archibald Moss, W. H. Moss and Randolph McDonald, from
Kentucky; Milton Piercey, Robert G. Murray, John Halstead, Josiah Pat-
ton, Henry S. Patton, Solomon Wilson, (a wine-maker and great hunter),
James Rippey, Joshua Albright, (gun-smith), John A. Cooper, Henry
Wilson and Whidby Wilson, from North Carolina; William Cox, John
Cox, Jesse Mann, John Connard and A. B. Arnote, from Tennessee ; J.
Whitsett, Benjamin McClain, (Guilford county, North Carolina); D. G.
Stockwell, Stephen Goddard, William Stockard^William Sharpe and A.
W. Boon.

Drs. John C. Tiffin, Randolph McDonald and John Watson, the latter
from Kentucky, practiced their profession in Polk township many
years ago.

The first school was taught in section two, township fifty-four, range
twenty-nine, by one Henry Davis. The school was composed of fifteen
pupils, and the teacher's salary was fifteen dollars per month. Mr.
Davis is not now among the living; he died at Kingston, Missouri.

The first school house was the one in which Davis taught the first
school, and was built by Randolph McDonald, John Taylor and Archi-
bald Moss, at no greater cost than their labor.

Another school was taught about the same time on section eighteen,
township fifty-four, range twenty-nine, by a widow, named Beckworth,
now living in Clinton county.

" Aunt " Hulda Allen did the first weaving. She was wont to weave
coverlets, carpets, and wearing apparel.

The first settlers in Polk township entered their land with money
obtained from the sale of beeswax, made of wild honey. Salt was
obtained at Goose creek salt works, about one hundred miles south; and

248 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

other necessary supplies, which could not be manufactered at home, were
drawn from distant markets.

COUNTY OFFICERS.

A list of the county officers of Ray county, from the meeting of the
first circuit court, February 19, 1821, to the present — April 1, 1881:

JUSTICES OF THE COUNTY COURT.

Isaac Martin, Jno. Thornton, Elisha Cameron, from April, 1821, to
March, 1822.

Isaac Martin, James Snowden, from May, 1822, to August, 1822.

Isaac Martin, Wm. B. Martin, James Snowden, from August, 1822, to
February, 1823.

James Snowden, Jno. McGaugh, Sam'l Cleavenger, from February,
1823, to February, 1825.

Wm. P. Thompson, Henry Brown, Sam'l Cleavenger, from February,
1825, to September, 1825.

Isaac Martin, William Black, Malachi Lile, James Stanley, from Feb-
ruary, 1825, to Febuary, 1826.

Wm. B. Martin, John McGaugh, Sebourn J. Miller, from September,
1825, to February, 1826.

Wm. Black, Wm. B. Martin, Henry Brown, Sebourn J. Miller, Joseph
Porter, from February, 1826, to Febuary, 1827.

James Taylor, Sr., Jno. Cleavenger, from February, 1827, to April, 1827.

Sebourn J. Miller, Isaac Allen, Wm. P. Thompson, from February,
1827, to February, 1828.

Wm. P. Thompson, S. J. Miller, Isaac Allen, from February, 182S, to
February, 1829.

Wm. P. Thompson, Sebourn J. Miller, Isaac Allen, from February,
1829, to August, 1830.

Isaac Allen, Henry Jacobs, Sebourn J. Miller, from August, 1830, to
August, 1831.

Henry Jacobs, Wm. Thornton, Daniel Parker, from August, 1831, to
August, 1834.

James Dickie, Thomas Hamilton, Wm. B. Martin, from August, 1834,
to August, 1836.

Wm. B. Martin, Jabez Shotwell, Daniel Branstetter, from August,
1836, to August, 1838.

Wm. B. Martin, Jabez Shotwell, Daniel Branstetter, from August, 1838,
to August, 1842.

Levi Starkey, James Tuggle, from August, 1842, to August, 1844.

Sam'l T. Burgess, from August 1842, to June, 1844.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 249

Levi Starkey, James Tuggle, from August, 1844, to August, 1840.

Daniel Branstetter, from June, 1844, to August, 1840.

Daniel Branstetter, Wm. B. Martin, Jabez Shotwell, from August,
1846, to August, 1852.

Wm. B. Martin, Jabez Shotwell, Abraham Hayter, from August, 1852,
to August, 1856.

Daniel Branstetter, Daniel Parker, from August, 1856, to August, 1858.

Eli Carter, from August, 1856, to June, 1858.

M. N. Brown, from June, 1858, to August, 1858.

Wm. A. Carroll, Amos A. Brice, Calvin W. Naramore, from August,
1858, to August, 1860.

Wm. A. Carroll, from August, 1860, to November, 1861.

Calvin W. Naramore, Lorenzo H. Magill, from August, 1860, to Jan-
uary, 1862.

Willis Wariner, from March, 1862, to January, 1863.

C. W. Naramore, L. H. Magill, Willis Wariner, from January, 1862, to
January, 1863.

C. W. Naramore, L. H. Magill, Samuel Colley, from January, 1862, to
January, 1865.

L. H. Magill, Saml. Colley, Daniel Parker from January, 1865, to May,
1865.

C. W. Naramore, Samuel Colley, William McKissack, from May, 1865,
to January, 1 867.

C. W. Naramore, Wm. McKissack, Wm. Crowley, from January, 1867,
to January, 1869.

C. W. Naramore, Wm. McKissack, Daniel Cramer, from January, 1869,
to January, 1873.

Wm. McKissack, Daniel Cramer, Chas. R. Shrewsberry, from January
1873, to January, 1875.

Chas. J. Hughes, from January 1875 to January 1879.

Chas. J. Hughes, George W. Montgomery, Niles Esrey, from January,
1879, to January, 1881.

Charles J. Hughes, Robert Ralph, Thomas B. Hewlett, from January,
1881, to .

By act of the general assembly, passed January 7, 1825, the office of the
county court in the various counties was vacated, and the powers of said
office vested in the several justices of the peace. The justices were
required to meet at the count v seat and organize the court on the first
Monday in March after the passage of the act. In the event they failed to
do so, however, the clerk of the county court was authorized to name the
justices who should act as a county court for a term of one year.

The justices of the peace for Ray having failed to meet and organize,

250 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

as the law directed, on the first Monday in March, 1825, Jonathan T.
Burch, the clerk, in April of that year, appointed, as a county court, the
persons whose names are represented in the list from William P. Thomp-
son to James Stanley, inclusive. William B. Martin, John McGaugh and
Sebourn J. Miller, were appointed in September to fill vacancies caused by
resignation of the first three as given in the list, commencing with
Thompson.

James Taylor, Sr., and John Cleavenger, served but one term of court,
February term, 1827.

Samuel T. Burgess resigned, and Daniel Branstetter was appointed in
his stead.

At the February term, 1862, C. W. Naramore and L. H. Magill, who,
with Wm. A. Carroll, were elected in August 1860, presented new com-
missions, from Gov. Gamble, with the oath of loyalty endorsed thereon,
duly sworn to and certified by Robert Crenshaw, a justice of the peace
for Ray county.

The oath of loyalty was taken in obedience to an ordinance of a state
convention held at St. Louis October JO to 18, 1861. Carroll failed or
refused to take the oath; hence he was not recommissioned, and his con-
nection with the county court ceased.

By act of the general assembly, approved March 14, 1874, entitled an
act to reorganize the county court of Ray county, Missouri, and to reduce
the number of justices of said court to one, to make the justice thereof
judge of the probate court, and declare his jurisdiction, — it was provided
that from and after the first day of January, A. D. 1875, the county court
of Ray county should be composed of one justice, to hold his office for the
terms of four years, and to have the same powers and discharge the same
duties required of the justices of the county court.

At the general election in November, 1874, Charles J. Hughes was
elected sole judge of the county court, and entered upon the duties of his
office the following January.

April 27, 1877, the general assembly repealed the law reducing the
number of county court justices to one, by enacting that,

"The county court shall be composed of three members, to be styled
the judges of the county court, and each county shall be districted by the
county court thereof into two districts, on or before the first day of April,
1878, of contiguous territory, as nearly equal in population as practicable,
without dividing municipal townships.

"At the general election in the year 1878, and every two years there-
after, the qualified electors of each of said districts shall elect and be enti-
tled to one of the judges of the county court, who shall hold their offices
for the term of two years, and until their successors are duly elected and
qualified; and at said election, and every four years thereafter, the other
judge of said court shall be elected by the qualified electors of the county

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 251

at large, who shall be president of the court, and shall hold his office for
the term of four years, and until his successor is duly elected and quali-
fied: Provided, That the judges of the county court, elected under the
provisions of this chapter, shall enter upon the discharge of their duties
on the first day of January next after they shall have been elected and
qualified, according to law."

Accordingly, at the November election, 1878, Messrs. Hughes, Mont-
gomery, and Esry were duly elected, and became the first county court

under the new law.

COUNTY CLERKS.

William L. Smith, from April, 1821, to May, 1822.

Jonathan T. Burch, from May, 1822, to February, 1826.

William P. Thompson.

George Woodward, from August, 1826, to November, 1835.

John H. Morehead, from November, 1835, to January, 1842.

William M. Jacobs, from January, 1842, to August, 1858.

Robison Jacobs, from August, 1848, to June, 1852.

Humphrey J. Comer, from June, 1852, to September, 1852.

James B. Turner, Sr., from September, 1852, to October, 1864.

James B. Turner, Jr., from October, 1864, to January, 1867.

Geo. N. McGee, from January, 1867, to January, 1875.

A. A. McCuistion, from January, 1875, to January, 1879.

George W. Trigg, from January, 1879, to —

The first four persons whose names are given in the above list dis-
charged the duties of both circuit and county clerk at the same time,
and were appointed by the county and circuit courts. The rest were
elected by the people.

Wm. P. Thompson acted as county clerk for the May term of court,
1826, and no longer.

Messrs. Smith, Burch, and Woodward each resigned.

Robison Jacobs died in office, and Humphrey J. Comer was appointed
to fill the vacancy.

In obedience to the provisions of an ordinance adopted by the Missouri
state convention, at St. Louis, October 16,1861, James B. Turner, Sr., at
the February term, 1862, of the county court, subscribed an oath of loy-
alty, and was re-appointed clerk by the county court, for the residue of
his term, after giving bond in the sum of five thousand dollars, with W.
R. Holman and J. F. Hudgins as sureties.

James B. Turner, Sr., died in office, and his son, James B. Turner, Jr.,
succeeded him by appointment of the governor.

George W. Trigg's term will expire January, 1883.

CIRCUIT CLERKS.

William L. Smith, from April, 1821, to May, 1822.

Jonathan T. Burch, from May, 1822, to February, 1826.

252 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

George Woodward, from August, 1826, to May, 1835.

William P. Thompson, from May, 1835, to August, 1835.

Wiley C. Williams, from November, 1835, to April, 1844.

Benjamin Oliver, from May, 1844, to March, 1845.

Robert Sevier, from April, 1845, to August, 1845.

Robert Sevier, from August, 1845, to April, 1865.

A. J. Barr, from April, 1865, to January, 1867.

A. J. Barr, from January, 1867, to April, 1870.

J. H. Harmony, from April, 1870, to January, 1871.

J. H. Harmony, from January, 1871, to January, 1875.

John W. Spurlock, from January, 1875, to April, 1881.

John R. Green, from April, 1881, to , .

Messrs. Smith, Burch, and Woodward each resigned at the dates
given.

William P. Thompson was appointed by the court to serve temporarily
only.

Wiley C. Williams died in office, and so, also, did Benjamin Oliver
appointed to fill his unexpired term.

The death of Oliver necessitated the appointment of another clerk, and
Major Robert Sevier was duly commissioned by the governor to fill the
vacancy. Thus were three clerks required to serve out a term of one
year.

At the expiration of the term alluded to, Major Sevier became his own
successor, having been elected to the position by the people. He con-
tinued in office until April, 1865. By the constitution of that year, known
as the " Drake constitution," it was declared that within sixty days after
said constitution took effect, every person in the state of Missouri, holding
any office of honor, trust, or profit under the constitution, or laws thereof,
or under any municipal corporation, or any of the other offices, positions,
or trusts mentioned in the third section of article second, of the constitu-
tion then framing, should take and subscribe an oath of loyaly; and that
if any such officer or person should fail to take said oath, his office, posi-
tion, or trust should, ipso facto, become vacant — the vacancy to be rilled
according to the law governing the case. The constitutional convention,
pending its work of framing a new constitution, passed an ordinance,
March 17, 1865, entitled " an ordinance for vacating certain civic offices,
filling them anew, and protecting the citizens from injury and harass-
ment," under the provisions of which Major Sevier — having refused to
take the oath of loyalty — was removed, and Col. Adam J. Barr, who had
been a member of the convention, appointed in his stead.

The additional positions referred to as contained in section three of arti-
cle second, were those of professor or teacher in any educational institu-

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 253

tion, or in any common or other school, and trustees for the use of any
church, religious society or congregation.

Col. Barr was elected by the people as his own successor at the Novem-
ber election, 1866.

March 29, 1870, the circuit court of the fifth judicial circuit, Philander
Lucas, judge, at chambers, in Liberty, Clay count}' Missouri, issued an
order temporarily removing A. J. Barr, clerk of the circuit court, from
office, and appointing John H. Harmony temporary clerk.

Col. Barr was not reinstated, but in justice to that gentleman, it is proper
to state that it is believed that his removal is due to no default of his.

At this writing, April, 1881, the offices in the court house at Richmond
are draped in morning for John W. Spurlock, who died of consumption on
the 1 7th inst.

John R. Green was appointed by Governor Crittenden to fill the vacancy.

Pursuant to a law passed by the general assembly of Missouri, in 1865,
the county court of Ray county, at its February term, 1870, made an
order separating the offices of circuit clerk and recorder; and the same
month James T. Harris was commissioned by Governor McClurg to serve
as recorder till the next general election, at which time he was elected for a
term of four years.

RECORDERS.

James T. Harris, from February, 1870, to January, 1871.
James T. Harris, from January, 1871, to January, 1875.

Lewis Slaughter, from January, 1875, to , .

SHERIFFS.
John Harris, from February, 1821, to May, 1822.
William Miller, from May, 1822, to February, 1823.
Thomas Edwards, February, 1823, to November, 1824.
Adam Black, from November, 1824, to February, 1827.
Larkin Stanley, from February, 1827, to November, 1 S30.
John Cleavenger, from November, 1830, to November 1832.
Thomas W.Jacobs, from November, 1832, to November, 1836.
Hardy Holman, from November, 1836, to August, 1838.
Benjamin J. Brown, from August, 1838, to August, 1842.
Hardy Holman, from August, 1S42, to August, 1846.
George I. Wasson, from August, 1846, to August, 1850.
Benjamin J. Brown, from August, 1850, to August, 1854.
George Carson, from August, 1854, to August, 1856.
George Allen, from August, 1856, to August, 1860.
John C. Cates, from August, 1860, to August, 1862.
Clayton Jacobs, from November, 1862, to May, 1865.
A. K. Rayburn, from May, 1865, to January, 1868.
John W. Francis, from November, L868, to November, L872.

254 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

John C. Brown, from November, 1872, to November, 1876.

Thomas McGinnis, from November, 1876, to November, 1880.

James T. McGinnis, from November, 1880, to , .

The first four persons whose names appear in the above list were
appointed the rest elected by popular vote. Geo. I. Wasson was twice
elected; each time for a term of two years, embraced within the dates
given in the list. The same is true of George Allen, Clayton Jacobs, J.
W. Francis, John C. Brown, and Thomas McGinnis. Benjamin J. Brown
was elected four times. Clayton Jacobs was ousted for refusing to take
the oath prescribed in the " Drake constitution."

SURVEYORS.

William Shields, from April, 1821, to January, 1823.

Timothy Riggs, from March, 1823, to February, 1827.

Meaddors Vanderpool, from February, 1827, to October, 1827.

Thomas N. Aubry, from October 1827, to August, 1835.

Meaddors Vanderpool, from August, 1835, to August, 1839.

Moses A. Rainwater, from August, 1839, to August, 1843.

Henry Wilson, from August, 1843, to August, 1847.

Alex. Oliphant, from August, 1847, to August, 1855.

O. H. Searcy, from August, 1855, to August, 1857.

Alex. Oliphant, from August, 1857, to January, 1868.

Mannis Buchanan, from January, 1868, to January, 1873.

Frank G. Gibson, from January, 1873, to January, 1877.

John T. Banister, from Januarv, 1877, to , .

At the first term of the county court, April, 1821, William Shields made
application for appointment as county surveyor. The court appointed
David Manchester and William D. Wilson to examine him as to his qual-
ifications for that office. The committee reported favorably, and Shields
was duly appointed the first county surveyor. Similar proceedings were
had on the application of Timothy Riggs, at the March term of court,

1823.

ASSESSORS.

Zadoc Martin, from April, 1821, to January, 1822.
Benjamin Gragg, from January, 1822, to May, 1822.
Lovell Snowden, from May, 1822, to February, 1823.
William Downey, from May, 1823, to Februarv, 1825.
Robert Pritchard, from Februar\r, 1825, to February, 1827.
Adam Black, from February, 1827, to Februan-, 1828.
Thomas Edwards, from February, 1828, to February, 1829.
James Jordan, from February, 1829, to Februarv, 1830.
Jesse Newlin, from February, 1830, to February, 1831.
James Jordan, from Februan1, 1831, to February, 1832.
Jesse Newlin, from February, 1832, to February, 1833.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 255

Wiley C. Williams, from February, 1883, to February, 1834.

Rowland Ralph, from February, 1834, to August, 1834.

A. M. Harwood, from August, 1834, to February, 1835.

Thomas N. Aubry, from February, 1835, to February, 1830.

Jacob Adamson, from February, 1836, to February, .

A. B. Beachamp, from , 1840, to , 1842.

William P. Tisdale, from , 1842, to , .

R. Metcalf, from , 1846, to , 1850.

William P. Quarles, from , 1851, to , 1859.

William B. Parker, from , 1861, to , .

Humphrey J. Comer, from — — , 1861, to , 1862.

Clayton Jacobs, from - -, 1862, to , 1863.

Allen Markland, from , 1863, to , 1865.

Anderson Spencer, from January, 1865, to January, 1867.

John Albertson, from January, 1867, to January, 1869.

George W. Sargent, from January, 1869, to January, 1871.

Lilburn McLaughlin, from January, 1871, to January, 1873.

A. P. Craven, from January, 1873, to January, 1875.

A. P. Craven, from January, 1875, to January, 1877.

John S. Flournoy, from January, 1877, to January, 1879.

John S. Flournoy, from January, 1879, to January, 1881.

George Sanderson, from January, 1881, to , .

From 1823, to 1825 the county was assessed by townships, each town-
ship having an assessor. William Downey was assessor for Crooked
River township; Henry Brown, for Bluff ton township, and Nehemiah
Woolsey, for Missouriton township.

In 1859 a law was passed providing for the assessment of the county by
ranges; and the county court appointed the following persons assessors
to serve two years: William Berry, for range 26; John S. Flournoy, for
range 27; William H. McGaugh, for range 28; Mathano Brown, for range
29. William P. Parker was removed for incompetency, and Humphrey
J. Comer appointed by the county court in his stead.

COLLECTORS.
Shubael Allen, from April, 1821, to December, 1821.
Jesse Gilliam, from December, 1821, to May, 1822.
John Scott, from May, 1822, to February, 1823.
William S. Miller, from February, 1823, to February, 1825.
William B. Martin, from February, 1825, to May, 1825.
William S. Miller, from May, 1825, to February, 1826.
William Morgan, from February, 1826, to February, 1827.
Meaddors Vanderpool, from February, 1827, to October, 1827.
John Elliott, from October, 1827, to February, 1828.
James Snowden, Sr., from February, 1828, to February, 1829.

256 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

Robert Pritchard, from February, 1829, to February, 1830.

Patrick M. Darcey, from February, 1830, to February, 1831.

Andrew Martin, from February, 1831, to February, 1832.

Maurice Jacobs, from February, 1832, to February, 1833.

A. M. Harwood, from February, 1833, to February, 1834.

Henry R. Winburn, from February, 1834, to February, 1835.

Benjamin J. Brown, from February, 1835, to February, 1836

W. W. Marczey, from February, 1836, to

Thomas B. Fowler, from January, 1S73, to September, 18*75.

Allen M. Fowler, from September, 1875, to January, 1879.

James A. Davis, from January, 1879, to

In 1836 the office of collector was abolished. The sheriff was made
collector of state and count)- revenue, and so continued until 1873. In
1872 the general assembly passed an act separating the offices of sheriff
and collector, and in November of that year, Thomas B. Fowler was
elected to the latter office, to enter upon its duties the following January.
He died September 16, 1875, and his son, Allen M. Fowler, was
appointed to serve till the next general election, at which time the people
chose him as his own successor.

The present incumbent, James A. Davis, has been twice elected. His
term expires January. 1883.

TREASURERS.

Jonathan T. Burch, from May, 1822, to February, 182f>.
Henry Brown, from February, 1826, to May, 1833.
Thomas N. Cockerell, from May, 1833, to February, 1834.
Jacob Gudgel, from February, 1834, to February, 1835.
Hiram G. Parks, from February, 1835, to February, 1836.
George Woodward, from February, 1836, to February, 1837.
Luther T. Warder, from February, 1837, to March, 1843.
Thomas A. King, from March, 1843, to August, 1848.
Chas. R. Morehead, from August, 1848, to x\ugust, 1851.
Aaron H. Conrow, from August, 1851, to August, 1856.
Humphrey J. Comer, from August, 1856, to August, i >58.
James F. Hudgins, from August, 1858, to November '862.
Henry C. Garner, from November, 1862, to Noveml -, 1866.
John Kelsey, from November, 1866, to November, 18 J.
George W. Ewing, from November, 1872, to November, 1876.
W. A. Holman, from November, 1876, to

COUNTY COMMISSIONERS

In 1874, L. B. Wright was county superintendent of public schools.
March 26th of that year, the governor approved an act of the general
assembly, as follows:

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 257

Section 37. There is hereby created the office of county commis-
sioners of public schools. There shall be one county commissioner for
each county in the state, who shall be elected by the qualified voters at
the annual district school meetings held in said counties on the first Tues-
day in April, 1875, and every two years thereafter, and shall hold the
office for two years and until a successor is duly elected and qualified.
The said commissioner shall possess the qualifications of a competent
teacher of ,the public schools, and be of good moral character.

Mr. Wright continued in office till April, 1875, at which time he was
succeeded by W. S. Tompkins, who served two years. On the first
Tuesday in April, 1877, Thomas M. Deacy was elected county commis-
sioner. Mr. Deacy was again elected in 1870, and also in 1881, and is
now in office, serving out his third term, which will expire on the first
Tuesday in April, 1883.

PROBATE COURTS.

In the year 1853, the first probate court for Ray county, was held at
the county seat. It was established the same vear by act of the general
assembly.

James B. Turner, Esq., who served from 1853 to 1864, was the first
probate judge.

Nathaniel Banister was probate judge from 1864 to 1865; Solomon C.
Watkins from 1865 to 1866; William D. Fortune from 1866 to 1867.

By an act of the general assembly, approved March 14, 1874, to take
effect from and after its passage, the county court of Ray county was
reorganized, the number of justices thereof reduced to one, and that justice
made e.x-officio judge of probate court.

At the general election in November, 1874, Hon. Chas. J. Hughes was
elected count}- and probate judge, agreeably to the provisions of the act
referred to, for a term of four years from the first day of January, 1875.

An act establishing probate courts in the city of St. Louis, and in every
count}- in the state, was approved April 9, 1877. This act contains a -pro-
vision, that in all counties where the county court, or any member thereof,
has probate jurisdiction, there shall be elected at the general election in
1878, and every, four years thereafter a judge of probate. The Hon.
Charles J. Hugh ; is at present, 1881, presiding justice of the county
court and judge < probate court.

COURTS OF COMMON PLEAS.

March 5, 1855, an act establishing a court of common pleas for Ray
county was approved, and Hon. Aaron H. Conrow was appointed judge
thereof, by the governor, to hold the office until the first Monday in
August, 1855, and until his successor should be elected and qualified.

Judge Conrow held but one term of the common pleas court. The
court did not meet with public approbation, and was abolished at the en-
suing session of the general assembly.

258 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

The next court of common pleas was established for Ray county by act
of the general assembly, approved March 13, 1867.

David P. Whitmer, Esq., was appointed by Governor Thomas C.
Fletcher, judge of said court, and at the general election in 1868, he was
elected to the office by the people. Judge Whitmer continued to serve
as judge of the court of common pleas, till January, 1872, when Charles
J. Hughes, having been elected at the previous November election, suc-
ceeded him. Judge Hughes held the office till January 1, 1875. At that
time an act of the general assembly abolishing the court of common pleas
in Ray county, approved March 24th, of the preceding year, went into
effect.

All records, books, papers and proceedings belonging to said court
were, in obedience to the act, turned over to the circuit court; and all suits,
actions, process and proceedings pending in the court of common pleas,
at the time of its abolition, were transferred to said circuit court for final
judgment or determination.

REPRESENTATIVES OF RAY COUNTY IN THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY.

We have been unable to ascertain who represented Ray county in the
general assembly from 1822 to 1824, and from the latter year to 1826,
from the fact that the early rolls of both houses have been destroyed by
lire.

It is believed by many who have lived in the county for years, that
Isaac Martin was the first representative, while others place that honor to
the credit of the memory of Martin Parmer. Both Martin and Parmer
are long since dead, and both in their day, were leading local politicians.
Roth were among the first settlers of the county, but Parmer moved from
county to county, now living in Ray, now in Chariton, now in Carroll,
while Martin became a permanent resident of Ray. Certain it is that
Parmer was the first to represent Chariton county in the legislature; and
as that county and Ray were organized at the same time, it is fair to con-
clude that Isaac Martin was Ray county's first representative in the gen-
eral assembly, it being settled that that position was held by one or the
other of the two men in question. But Martin Parmer did represent this
county in the general assembly, and it was doubtless from 1824 to 1826.

The term of office of members of the lower house of the Missouri
legislature has never been more nor less than two years. Therefore, in
the following list, onlv the vears in which the person was elected is given:

William B. Martin, 1S26. Wiliam R. Blythe, 1836.

Isaac Martin, 1S28. Chas Morehead, 1838.

James Holman, 1830. Hardy Holman, 1838.

James Holman, 1832. Hardy Holman, 1840.

William Pollard, 1834. William R.Blythe, 1840.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 259

Philip Edwards, 1842. Aaron H. Conrow, I860.

David Thompson, 1844. Ackm J. Barr, 1862.

Charles Bowman, 1846. Christopher T. Garner, 1862.

Ephraim B. Ewing, 1848. James W. Black, 1864.

Thos. L. King, 1850. John Grimes, 1864.

John C. Tiffin, 1850. Benjamin J. Waters, 1866.

Daniel Barnstetter, 1852. Benjamin J. Waters, 1868.

Jesse Esrey, 1852. Frederick Scoville, 1870.

Louis C. Bohannon, 1854. Jacob T. Child, 1872.

John Cleavenger, 1856. Walter King, 1874.

Walter King, 1858. James L. Farris, 1876.

Benjamin A. Rives, 1858. Louis C. Bohannon, 1878.

Louis C. Bohannon, 1860. William T. Brown, 1880.

The following state senators either lived or are now living in Ray
county, to- wit:

William R. Blythe, elected in 1842; Joseph Chew, in 1850; Benjamin
A. Brown in 1854, and again 185S; William W. Mosby in 1862, and again
in 1874.

Messrs. Blythe and Chew each served four years: Brown and Mosby
eight years each.

Austin A. King, of Ray county, elected by the people in August, 1848,
for a term of four )rears, was the seventh governor of Missouri.

Ephraim B. Ewing, a citizen of Ray county, was appointed secretary of
state in April, 1849, and served in that position four years. He was elected
attorney general in August, 1856, and after holding the office till Septem-
ber 1st, 1859, resigned to take his seat on the supreme bench, to which he
had been called by a majority of his fellow citizens to fill the vacancy
caused by the resignation of Judge Richardson. He was re-elected
supreme judge November 5, 1S72, to serve eight years.

Mordecai Oliver, also of Ray county, was a member of the lower house
of congress from 1S52 to 1857; and Austin A. King from from 1862 to
1864.

JUDICIAL DISTRICTS AND JUDICIAL CIRCUITS.

The general assembly of Missouri, by act approved November 25, 1820,
entitled, " an act establishing judicial districts and circuits, and prescribing
the times and places of holding courts therein," the state was divided into
four judicial districts — the counties of Cole, Cooper, Chariton, Saline, Lil-
lard, Ray, Howard and Boone, to form the first district. The supreme
courts and the superior courts of chancery were held in the districts.

The supreme court for the first judicial district was to be held at the
town of Franklin, in the county of Howard, on the first Mondays of March
and September. The superior courts of chancery were to be held at the
same place, in the same county, on the first Mondays of January and July.

260 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

For the purpose of holding circuit courts, the counties composing the
first judicial district were declared to form the first judicial circuit.

The times provided by the act for holding circuit court in Rav county,
were the third Mondays of February, June and October.

The act was to take effect and be in force from and after its passage;
■provided, that no part thereof, which related to new counties established
at that session of the general assembly, should have any effect till January
1, 1821.

Ray was one of the newr counties.

By act of the general assembly, approved January 11, 1822, the state
of Missouri wras divided into four judicial districts, and subsequently the
districts were subdivided into judicial circuit.

The counties of Cole, Cooper, Lillard, (now Lafayette) Clay, Rav,
Chariton, Howrard and Boone, composed the first judicial district.

The Hon. David Todd was judge of this district till the year A. D.
1831, commencing with the year A. D. 1821.

By act of the general assembly, passed at its session of 1830-1, Saline,
Lafayette, Ray and Chariton counties wrere stricken oft' of the first
judicial circuit, and, together with Randolph and Jackson, wrere made to
form the fifth judicial circuit.

The circuit courts were to be held in Ray county as follows: Com-
mencing on the first Thursdays after the first Mondays in February,
June and October.

The counties comprising the first judicial circuit, with the exception of
the county of Franklin, and the counties composing the fifth judical cir-
cuit, constituted the first judicial district.

The general assembly of Missouri, March 17th, 1835, passed an act
dividing the state into four judicial districts and seven judicial circuits,
making the first judicial district to consist of the counties of Clay, Clin-
ton, Cole, Callaway, Carroll, Cooper, Chariton, Saline, Lafayette, Ray,
Johnson, Jackson, Morgan, Howard, Randolph, Monroe, Boone, Rives,
Pettis, Benton, Polk, Greene, Barry and Van Buren; and the fifth judicial
circuit, ot the counties of Clay, Clinton, Carroll, Chariton, Lafayette, Ray,
Johnson, Jackson and Van Buren.

The supreme court met in the first judicial district, at the town of Fay-
ette, Howrard county, on the first Mondays after the fourth Mondays of
April and August in each year.

The time of holding the circuit courts in Rav countv was changed to
the first Mondays of March, July and November.

The Hon. John F. Ryland succeeded the Hon. David Todd, as judge of
the fifth judicial circuit in 1831, and held the office until 1837.

In the latter year, by act of the general assembly, Saline, Lafayette and
Jackson, being south of the Missouri river, were stricken from the fifth

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 261

and attached to the sixth judicial circuit, of which Hon. John F. Ryland
was the judge. The fifth judicial circuit was then formed of counties
lying north of the Missouri river.

The Hon. Austin A. King, of Ray county, was appointed judge of the
fifth circuit in 1837, and served with distinguished ability till his resigna-
tion in 1848, to assume the duties of governor of Missouri, an office to
which he had been elected by his fellow citizens.

By act of the general assembly, approved January 31st, 1839, the
fifth judicial circuit was declared to embrace Clinton, Caldwell, Clay, Ray,
Platte and Buchanan counties.

Again, by act of March 27, 1845, Platte and Buchanan counties were
stricken from the circuit, and Carroll, Harrison, De Kalb and Daviess,
added thereto.

Judge King was succeeded by the Hon. George W. Dunn, who received
his appointment from Gov. John C. Edwards, and was circuit judge from
the year 1S48 to 1861.

Bv appointment of Gov. Gamble, Austin A. King was again judge of
the hfth judicial circuit from 1861 to 1863, when he was again succeeded
by Judge Dunn, who served till 1865.

Judge Dunn's successor was the Hon. Walter King, son of Austin A.
King.

Judge Walter King filled the office from 1865 to 1867, in which year
he was succeeded by the Hon. Philander Lucas, who continued to serve
till 1871.

In the year last mentioned the Hon. George W. Dunn was elected by
the people, for a term of six years, judge of the fifth judicial circuit, the
boundaries of which were so reduced in 1866 as to include the counties of
Ray, Clay, Clinton and Platte, which now (April, 1881,) form the circuit.
Judge Dunn was again elected in November, 1880, and hence is the
present judge of the fifth judicial circuit of Missouri.

He has held the office up to this date, about twenty-two years in the
aggregate; and in the discharge of all his official duties has been guided
by a love of justice, deliberate judgment, impartial ruling, and a sincere
desire to uphold the law in its every tendency to promote the well-being
of society. Truly has it been written of him: " He has worn the ermine
unspotted." Judge Dunn is a resident of Richmond, Ray county, Mis-
souri.

Till the year 1831, Ray was one of the counties of the first judicial
circuit; since that time it has remained a part of the fifth judicial circuit.
The judges of these circuits having been given in this article, we now
append a complete list of the

CIRCUIT ATTORNEYS.
Hamilton R. Gamble, from February, 1821, to December, 1823.

262 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

Abiel Leonard, from December, 1823, to June, 1825.

Charles French, from June, 1825, to June, 1826.

Robert W. Wells (attorney-general), from June, 1826, to March, 1831.

Amos Rees, from March, 1831, to February, 1837.

Thomas C. Burch, from February, 1837, to February, 1840.

Peter H. Burnett, from February, 1840, to January, 1841.

George W. Dunn, from January, 1841, to July, 1848.

Chas. J. Hughes, from September, 1848, to November, 1848.

Mordecai Oliver, from November, 1848, to January, 1853.

Christopher T. Garner, from January, 1853, to January, 1857.

Aaron H. Conrow, from January, 1857, to January, 1861. ,

DeWitt C. Allen, from January, 1861, to—

D. P. Whitmer, from February, 1862, to January, 1865.

W. A. Donaldson, from January, 1865, to May, 1865.

Elijah F. Esteb, from May, 1865, to January, 1869.

John G. Woods, January, 1869, to January, 1873.

Hamilton R. Gamble resigned, and Abiel Leonard was appointed by
the supreme court to till the vacancy.

The latter, after serving about a year and a half, was removed from
office— for what cause, or whether for any cause, the writer has been
unable to ascertain — and Charles French appointed in his stead.

It is presumed that the charges against Judge Leonard — if there were
any — were either trifling, or not well founded, as he was universally
recognized as an able and faithful officer — a gentleman in every depart-
ment and duty of life — an upright and honorable man. He was after-
ward, for many years, judge of the supreme court of Missouri.

In 1822 Abiel Leonard was appointed, by Hamilton R. Gamble, deputy
circuit attorney, to prosecute in Ray, Clay, Lafayette, Saline, and Cole
counties.

An act of the general assembly, relating to the attorney-general and
circuit attorneys, approved December 9, 1824, provided that the attorney-
general shculd reside and keep his office at the seat of government; that
it should be his duty to commence and prosecute all actions, suits, proc-
esses, and prosecutions, civil and criminal, in which the state or any
county might be concerned; to defend all actions brought against the
state; to prosecute forfeited recognizances, and all suits and actions for
the recovery of debts, fines, penalties, and forfeitures accruing to the state,
or to any county within the circuit in which the seat of government was
located; when called upon by the governor, to aid any circuit attorney in
the discharge of his duties; when required, to give his opinion and advice,
without fee or reward, to any county court, or justice thereof, or to any
tribunal established for the transaction of county business, or to any
member thereof, or to any justice of the peace within his circuit, upon any

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 2*!:'.

question of law relating to any criminal or other matter in which the
state or any county was concerned ; and to perform such other and further
duties as might be enjoined on him by law.

In 1S26 the seat of government was removed to Jefferson City, in Cole
county, and as that county was in the first judicial circuit, of which Re-
count)- was also a part, the then attorney-general, Robert W. Wells, became j
ex-officio circuit attorney for the first judicial circuit, and continued to act
as such so long as he remained in office, but in the year 1831, as previ-
ously stated, Saline, Lafayette, Ray, and Chariton were stricken from the
first, and became part of the fifth judicial circuit, of which Amos Rees '
was then appointed circuit attorney.

During Wells' incumbency, Amos Rees was frequently appointed cir-
cuit attorney fro tempore.

William T. Wood acted as circuit attorney for the October term of
court, 1834; Charles French, for the November term, 1826; John Wilson,
for the July term, 1826; and again, for the March term, 1828.

Peter H. Burnett resigned, and Geo. W. Dunn was appointed for the
remainder of his term, and elected by the people in 1844.

George W. Dunn having been appointed judge of the fifth judicial cir-
cuit, vice Austin A. King, elected governor, Chas. J. Hughes was
appointed to discharge the duties of prosecuting attorney -pro tctnpore.

DeWitt C. Allen was elected circuit attorney in November, 1860, but
we have been unable to find an entry of record showing that his commis-
sion was produced in the Ray circuit court.

In the year 1861, during the intense public excitement, incident to the
outbreaking of civil war, no regular, uninterrupted sessions of the
circuit court, were held; and it is believed that Mr. Allen never attended.
At all events, February, 1862, David P. Whitmer was commissioned by
acting-governor Willard P. Hall, circuit attorney of the fifth judicial cir-
cuit, to serve out the term for which Allen had been elected.

Elijah F. Esteb was appointed, vice W. A. Donaldson, in conformity to
the before-mentioned ordinance of the Missouri state convention of 1865.
The office of county attorney was established in 1868, and James W.
Black, Esq., was appointed county attorney for Ray county, taking
charge of the office in January, 1869, and serving till January, 1873. He
attended to county business only — the prosecution of criminal cases
being still left to the circuit attorney.

The office of circuit attorney was abolished in 1872. In November, of
that year, James L. Farris was elected county attorney of Ray county,
and served four years from the following January. He was succeeded
by Frank G. Gibson as prosecuting attorney.

Gibson served two years, and was succeed by James W. Garner, who
has been twice elected, and is now in office.

264 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

Of the circuit attorneys given in the foregoing list, the following either
lived, or are now living in Ray county:

Amos Rees, Thomas C. Burch, George W. Dunn, Charles J. Hughes,
Mordecai Oliver, C. T. Garner, Aaron H. Conrow, David P. Whitmer,
W. A. Donaldson, and Elijah F. Esteb.

The circuit has been composed of never less than four counties; yet it
will be seen that a majority of the attorneys were citizens of Ray.

RAY COUNTY'S WAR RECORD.

At the time of the passage of the act of congress, approved February
14, 187 1, granting pensions to the surviving soldiers of the war of 1812,
and the widows of the deceased soldiers of the war of 1812, that were
married before peace was declared between the United States and Great
Britain, February 17, 1815, there were living in Ray county, Missouri,
twenty soldiers and four widows, nearly all of whom were entitled to pen-
sions under the provisions of said act of congress of February 14, 1871.
They were as follows:

Thomas Blain, at the age of twenty, enlisted for service in the war of
1812, as a private in Capt. Samuel Lapsly's company, second regiment of
Kentucky volunteers, on or about the 1st of April, 1813, in Lancaster, Gar-
rard county, Kentucky. This regiment was comprised }in the army
commanded by General William Henry Harrison. A short time after
Thomas Blain enlisted, his regiment was ordered to take up their line of
march to Fort Meigs, in the northwest part of Ohio. He remained in
service in General Harrison's army for a number of months, and having
served over his term of enlistment, he was honorably discharged from the
said military service at Habanna, Ohio, the spring of 1814, and returned
to his home in Kentucky. Some years afterward he removed to Missouri,
and followed the business of farming many years, successfully. He was
living near Camden, Missouri, at the time he commenced drawing his
pension as a soldier of the war of 1812, in the year 1871. He died the
same year, December 12, 1871, at the advanced age of seventy-nine
years, at his home, greatly respected as an honest, upright man, by his
large circle of neighbors and friends.

John Brewer enlisted at the age of twenty, in Capt. Weslar's Chester
county company, Valley Light infantry, at Chester county, Pennsylvania,
on or about the 20th day of June, 1814. After enlisting in said Capt.
Weslar's company, he was ordered to Philadelphia, and remained in camp
there for two weeks, and then proceeded to a point on the Delaware
river about twenty miles below Philadelphia, near Marcus Hook. He re-
mained at this place doing duty as a soldier of said company, until some

• J JLiC USKARTj

Alton, LJSNOI
aiiWEN FOUNDATIONS!

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 265

time in October, 1814, when he was honorably mustered out of the service.
He was a worthy, old gentleman, greatly endeared to his family and
friends. He was a citizen of Ray county a number of years, and made
application for pension in Richmond, Ray county, Missouri, in 1871. He
died after a very short illness, in Caldwell count}', Missouri, December 3,
1871, at the advanced age of eighty years.

Thomas B.Brown was drafted as a soldier of the war of 1812, and
mustered in as private in Capt. James C. Wade's company, Bedford
county, Tennessee, on or about the 15th day of May, 1812, at the age of
twenty-four years. After this company was duly organized, it took up
its line of march from Fayetteville, Tennessee, to Fort Jackson, then in
the territory of Indiana ; thence to Fort Decatur, in same territory; and
after doing military service until late in the fall of 1812, his company re-
turned home to Bedford county, Tennessee, and were honorably dis-
charged from the service, after having been on duty six months and
twenty days. Some years afterward, he removed to Missouri, and in the
course of time settled in Ray county, and became one of its most valued,
useful and energetic citizens. He was for many years an able and faithful
minister of the gospel of the Baptist denomination, and performed the
work of his great Master in an earnest and zealous manner. He became
a pensioner in 1872, to date from February 14, 1871. He died at his
home in Ray count}', at the great age of eighty-five. He was greatly
beloved by a large circle of relatives and friends. The present representa-
tive of Ray county, in the legislature of Missouri, is his grandson.

Alexander Bogart, was drafted as a private in Captain Solomon
Hendron's company of infantry, Colonel Bagley's regiment, General Coul-
ter's brigade, constituting a part of the army of General Andrew Jackson,
war of 1812. He was drafted and mustered into said company on or about the
20th day of October, 1814, in Chaster county, Tennessee. He then marched
with his company to Lookout mountain, thence to Fort Jackson, thence
to Fort Claiborne, remaining in the service until after the news was
received that peace had been declared between the United States and
Great Britain, and was then honorably discharged with his company at
Fort Claiborne, Alabama. Some years after his discharge from military
service, when his country was making the onward march of prosperity,
under the benign influences of peace, and the great developments of an
active and energetic people, he shaped his course westward for Missouri,
and for many years lived in Ray county, Missouri, near Albany, in Fish-
ing River township. He died at the advanced age of eighty-four years,
at his home near Albany, having been a worthy and exemplary citizen of
this county for many years, greatly respected by all who knew him.

John Bissell, a soldier of the war of 1812, volunteered to serve in
17

266 HISTORY OK RAY COUNTY.

Captain Haslep's artillery company volunteers, at Youngstown* Ohio, on
or about the 27th day of August, IS 12. This company of artillery con-
stituted a part of General William Henry Harrison's gallant little army,
that won distinction under the brave " Old Tippecanoe" on some hard
fought battle-fields. After he enlisted in this company, he soon saw some
severe active service. He was with his company in the siege of Fort
Meigs, and was with it when sent to succor General Winchester's forces
at the River Raisin, but failed to reach them before the massacre. At
the expiration of his term of enlistment, he was honorably discharged at
Lower Sandusky, Ohio, on the 27th of February, 1813. He married in
Trumbull count)-, Ohio, (now Mahoning) to Miss Margaret Waters,
November 16, 1815. He removed from Ohio to Ray countv, Missouri,
in the year 1866, and was a successful farmer near Albany, Ray county,
Missouri, for many years, and was highly respected by his neighbors as
an honest, upright man. He died at his home, near Albany, in the spring
of 1879, at the advanced age of eighty-five years.

Wilitam Bales was a soldier of the war of 1812. He was mus-
tered into Capt. Sharp's company, Tennessee militia, in December, 1814,
at Knoxville, Tennessee, and serving for a short time, in said company,
was honorably discharged a short time before peace was declared. He
became a citizen of Ray county, Missouri, many years ago, having left
Tennessee and become a resident of this county shortly after it was
organized. He came to it when it was sparsely inhabited, when only a
small portion of its fertile territory was under cultivation, and rewarded
the hand of the industrious farmer with abundant crops. He has lived
to see this county become one of the first of the northwestern counties of
Missouri, in everything that pertains to a high degree of improvement and
civilization. He has attained the great age of eighty-nine years. He
has been one of the most energetic and worth)' farmers of the county,
and is greatly respected by all his neighbors. He is greatly endeared to
his family, who have grown up around him, and are regarded as being
prominent and useful citizens of the county.

John Cornelison enlisted as a private in Capt. Jacob Israel's company
rifle volunteer infantry, at the age of twenty-four years, war of 1812, in
Harrison county, Virginia, on or about the 20th day of November, 1814.
After their company was duly organized, it rendezvoused at Clarksburg,
Hardin county, Virginia, and was afterwards ordered to Norfolk, Vir-
ginia. Before reaching Norfolk, however, the order was countermanded,
and it was ordered back to Harrison county, Virginia, and discharged
from the service on or about the 28th day of March, 1815, after peace had
been declared between the United States and Great Britain. A number
of years after the war of 1812, he removed from Virginia with his family
to the west, and after living in various places finally settled in Ray county,

HISTORY OF RAY COUNT?. 267

Missouri. He died in the year 1872, about two miles northwest of Rich-
mond, at his home, at the advanced age of eighty-two years.

John Davis volunteered as a soldier of the war of 1812, in Capt. John
Crawford's company, Kentucky infantry volunteers, which formed a part
of General Shelby's brigade, at Newport, Kentucky, on or about the 20th
day of July, 1813. Soon after the organization of his brigade, they marched
rapidly to reinforce General Harrison. After being reinforced by so
strong a body of Kentucky troops under Gen. Shelby, Gen. Harrison
embarked on lake Erie with his army, and soon after arrived at Maiden.
On finding his post had been abandoned by the British, and that they had
retreated up the river Thames, General Harrison rapidly pursued them,
and succeeded in bringing them to action at the Moravian village on the
Thames, and gained a decisive victory, October 5, 1813. The celebrated
chief Tecumseh was slain in this battle by Colonel R. M. Johnson. Capt.
John Crawford's company, in which John Davis was first sergeant, bore
a conspicuous part in this battle on account of their gallantry, and con-
tributed no little to the glorious result. On the expiration of his term of
service he was honorably discharged at Chillicothe, Ohio, on or about
October 30, 1813. John Davis and Selene McDougal were married in
Morgan county, Kentucky, June 1, 1817. John Davis some years after
his marriage, removed with his family to Ray county, Missouri, and after
living in different portions of the county, finally made a permanent settle-
ment about three miles west of Knoxville, Ray county, and followed the
business of farming for many years successfully. He was a valuable citi-
zen in his community, and greatly respected by his neighbors. He died
on the 10th day of September, 1875, at his home near Knoxville, at the
advanced age of 84 years. He left a very worthy family, who live in the
same neighborhood. His widow, Selene Davis, lives with her son, Jasper
N. Davis, on the old homestead. She is a pensioner, as the widow of
John Davis deceased, a soldier of the war of 1812.

James Humphreys enlisted in Capt. George Matthews' company,
infantry, Major Hurt's battalion, Col. George Pogue's regiment, in the
army of General William Henry Harrison, at Flemingsburg, Fleming
county, Kentucky, on or about the 12th day of August, 1812. After
enlisting, he, with his company, marched to Newport, Kentucky, and drew
their arms, and took up their line of march toward the northwestern part
of Ohio. They failed to reach their point of destination before winter set
in, and were ordered back to Shawneetown to build a fort which was
called " Fort Amanda." They remained in this fort until spring, when
they were ordered to the relief of General Winchester, but were too late in
reaching him by one day's travel. Their term of enlistment having expired,
they returned home and were honorably discharged on or about April 15,

268 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

1813. For a number of years before his death he was a citizen of Ray
county, Missouri, living nearMillville.

James Kinzon was a private in Capt. James H. Campbell's company,
24th regiment U. S. infantry volunteers. He enlisted at Cumberland Gap,
east Tennessee, on or about the 4th day of September, 1812. After serv-
ing two years he was transferred with his company to the second rifle regi-
ment corps, and served in it until the expiration of his term of enlistment,
having enlisted for five years. He was honorably discharged at Rock
Island, Mississippi, September 4, 1817. After enlisting he marched with
his company to Knoxville, Tennessee, thence to Canada West, taking part
in the battle of Mackinac, in the defense of Fort Meigs at the time of the
siege, and in other engagements. Some years after the war of 1812 he
came to Missouri. He married Miss Sarah Harlow, of Clinton county,
Missouri, and lived many years near Turner's Grove, Ray county, Mis-
souri. He died in Clinton county Missouri, on the 26th day of February,
1875, at the advanced age of 80 years.

James Mason was a private in Captain Elijah Harding's company,
Forty -fifth regiment Virginia militia, commanded by Lieutenant-Col-
onel Peyton, General Hungerford's brigade, war of 1812. He was mus-
tered into the service in Stafford county, Virginia, Potomac court house,
on or about the 1st day of July, 1814. He performed service with his com-
pany in Westmoreland county, Virginia, along the Potomac, until he
was stricken down with a severe attack of typhoid fever, and was
sent home from Drummond's Field, Virginia, his company being on
the march at that time up the Potomac river. On recovering, he found
his company had returned to Stafford county, Virginia, and was dis-
charged for the campaign. The war coming to a close shortly after, the
services of his company were no longer required. He married in Vir-
ginia, and lived there the greater portion of his life. He came to Rich-
mond, Missouri, when a very old man, and lived up to the time of his
death with his daughter, Mrs. O. S. W. Taylor.

William McIntosh was mustered in as a private in Captain Black's
company, Third regiment of Tennessee volunteers, war of 1S12, on or
about the 10th day of July, 1814, and was honorably discharged on or
about the 10th day of February, 1815, after peace was declared, at Nash-
ville, Tennessee. After enlisting in said service, his regiment took up
their line of departure on flat-boats to New Orleans, Louisiana, and
remained in that city until after the battle of New Orleans, having the
honor of taking part in this glorious engagement, on the 8th of January,
1815. After news of the peace was received, his company was ordered
back to Tennessee, and were mustered out of the service honorably, at
Nashville, Tennessee, as above stated. He lived a number of years

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 269

before the close of his life in Hardin, Ray county, Missouri, and died
there at the advanced age of eighty-two years.

Thomas McCuistion was a lieutenant in Captain John B. Dempsey's
company of mounted volunteers, commanded by Colonel Newton Can-
non, in General Coffee's brigade, ihe division commanded by General
Andrew Jackson. He volunteered and was mustered in at Shelbyville,
Bedford county, Tennessee, on or about the 15th day of September, 1813,
and was honorably discharged on or about the 25th day of December,
1813. He was in the battle of Tallahatchie, on the 2d of November,
1813, and in the battle of Talladega, «n the 8th olf November, 1813; in the
Indian war, of the United States against the Creeks, and contributed
greatly by his gallantry and intrepidity in these actions in achieving com-
plete victories over the brave warriors of the hostile Creeks. He married
Nancy Jordan, in Bedford county, Tennessee, on or about the 15th day of
February, 1816, and moved with his wife to Ray county, Missouri, a few
years after the organization of the county. He was a man of sterling
integrity. All his dealings with his neighbors were characterized by the
highest principles of honor and rectitude. He was greatly loved by a
large circle of relatives and friends. After a long life of usefulness, he
died in Richmond, Missouri, in 1880, at the advanced age of eightv-eight
years. His widow, Mrs. Nancy McCuistion, is still living.

Edward Sanderson enlisted as a private in Captain Scurry's com-
pany of mounted riflemen, second battalion, Colonel Thomas William-
son's regiment of Tennessee volunteers, at Gallatin, Tennessee, on or
about the 9th day of February, 1814. His company, when he enlisted,
was commanded by Captain George Elliott, who was afterwards pro-
moted to be colonel of another regiment, and Captain Scurry succeeded
him in the position of captain. Some time after enlisting, his company
and regiment, with other forces, took up their line of march for New
Orleans, Louisiana, and reached the point of their destination about the
1st of January, 1815. He, along with the rest of his company, took part
in the memorable engagement of the 8th of January, 1815, in which Gen-
eral Andrew Jackson gained a complete, decisive, and glorious victory
over the veteran troops of Great Britain, who were thoroughly equipped
and trained under the eye of Wellington, and who had met the conqueror
of Europe, and driven back his legions. The war of the United States
with the Creek Indians, that was the result of the interference of Great
Britain, was the school in which Generals Jackson, Coffee, and Carroll
became adepts in the tactics that made a Tennessee rifleman superior to
a Wellington invincible, and qualified an army of citizen soldiers to defeat
an army of veterans of superior numbers. Mr. Sanderson, shortly after
this brilliant victory, returned, with his company, to Gallatin, Tennessee,
and was honorably discharged there. Some years afterward he removed

270 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY

from Tennessee to Ray county, Misssouri, and was engaged in the busi-
ness of farming for many years. He reared a large family of children,
who are valuable citizens of the county. He was an upright man in
every respect, and was greatly respected in his community. He died in
1874, at the advanced age of eighty-one years.

Jabez Shotwell enlisted as a soldier of the war of 1812, in Captain
Stockton's company, first regiment of Kentucky dragoons, in the army
commanded by Gen. William Henry Harrison, Dayton, Ohio, on or about
the 1st of September, 1812, and was honorably discharged at Ft. Defiance,
Ohio, on or about November 10, 1812. That he served with his companv
under Gen. Harrison, in his campaign in northwest Ohio. He saw con-
siderable active service during the term for which he was enlisted. Some
years after the war of 1812, he removed to Ray county, Missouri, and
became in a short time a prominent citizen of the county. He held a
number of important offices. Among them may be mentioned the offices
of county judge, count}' surveyor, county school commissioner, all of which
he filled with ability, discharging the duties incumbent upon him in a
faithful manner. He reared an interesting family of children, to whom he
was greatly endeared. He died in Lexington, Missouri, in the year 1875,
at the advanced age of eighty-four years.

Gerrard Spurrier enlisted in Capt. Bayliss' company, 11th regiment
light horse brigade, Kentucky volunteers, war of 1812, on or about the
9th day of September, in Lewis county, Kentucky, and was honorably
discharged the 9th day of November, 1813. After enlisting he took up
the line of march with his company, to West Union, Adams county, Ohio,
where the company was fully organized, thence they marched to Seneca,
and a number of other points and finally to Moravianto vvn, in Canada West,
and took part in the battle of the Thames, on the 5th of October, 1813,
which resulted in the defeat of Gen. Proctor, and the death of the celebrated
Indian chieftain and prophet, Tecumseh. Mr. Spurrier and all his fellow
soldiers in his company and regiment, bore themselves gallantly in this
hotly contested engagement and reflected bright and lasting honor upon
the brave Kentucky troops. On leaving Kentucky, some years after the
war of 1812, he came to Missouri and finally settled in Ray county, and
has been a worthy citizen of it for many years. He has always borne a
spotless character wherever he has lived. He is highly esteemed by all
who know him. Some of his family live in Indiana and are prominent
citizens of the community in which they live. Gerrard Spurrier is now
eighty nine years old, but he retains, in a great measure, the vigor of his
mind, and until very recently, could travel about with all the activity of a
young man.

William Thornton enlisted as a private in Capt. James Simpson's
company, Major Peter Dudley's brigade, in the division of Gen. Duncan

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 271

McArthur, war of 1812, on or about the 1st day of September, 1813, and
was honorably discharged at Winchester, Kentucky, on or about the 25th
day of September, 1814. He served with his company under Gen.
McArthur the greater portion of his term of enlistment in Canada. He
saw considerable active service in this campaign in which Gen. McArthur
partly carried out his bold plan of conquering Upper Canada. He became
a settler of Ray county, Missouri, a few years after it was organized. He
was for many years a successful farmer, and stood high among his neigh-
bors as a man of unswerving integrity, great firmness of purpose, and
warmth ot feeling in his attachment. He never married, but for many
years lived in his pleasant home with his sister, Miss Margery Thornton,
and always had a warm welcome for his friends. After the death of his
sister he lived in the family of Gen. Alexander Doniphan for a number of
years, in Richmond, Missouri. He died in 1872, aged eighty-four years.

John Turner was a soldier of the war of 1812. He enlisted in Capt.
Burnett's company, Kentucky volunteers. Was taken prisoner at the
battle of the River Raisin, and was a prisoner among the Indians and
British one year and ten days. He was one of the early settlers of Ray
county, and was for mam^ years a settler of Fishing River township, of
this county. He reared a large family of children, who are good and use-
ful citizens of the county. He was an industrious and energetic farmer,
and showed the hand of the diligent man in making his home an attract-
ive place for the family. He was a man of strong force of character,
warm in his attachment to friends, and of unbending rectitude in all his
dealings with his fellow man — a man that stood high with his neighbors
for probity, and whole-souled honor and integrity. He died at an
advanced age in 1872.

Emilius Wood was mustered in as a private in Capt. Charles Duvall's
company, Ohio volunteers, in General Harrison's army, on about Novem-
ber 10, 1812, in Washington county, Ohio, and was honorably discharged
at Marietta, Ohio, in or about May, 1813. He saw considerable active
service during his term of enlistment, in the army of Gen. Harrison. He
was not a citizen of Ray county, Missouri, man}' years. He was a
farmer during the time he lived in this county, in Richmond township,
not far from the Richmond and Lexington junction.

Only two soldiers of the war of 1812 are now living in Ray county,
Gerrard Spurrier and William Bales. All of those living at the time of the
passage of the pension act, approved by congress, February 14-, 1871, are
now dead, except the two above mentioned.

Widows of soldiers of the war of 1812, that were entitled to pensions
under the act of congress approved February 14, 1871, having been mar-
ried prior to the declaration of peace, February 17, 1815. They were as
follows:

272 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

Malinda Martin, widow of William B. Martin, deceased, who was a
private in Capt. Brassfield's company, Kentucky volunteers, war of 1812.
He enlisted at Winchester, Kentucky, on or about the 10th, of August,
1812, and was honorably discharged at Fort Defiance, in December, 1812.

Anna Routh, widow of Jeremiah Routh, deceased, who was a private
in Capt. Inglish's company, Tennessee militia regiment, war of 1812.
He enlisted in Sevier county, Tennessee, on or about the 25th of Novem-
ber, 1813, and was honorably discharged on or about the 25th day of
July, 1814.

Heathy Mott, widow of Loann Orange Mott, deceased, who
enlisted in Capt. John Dowden's company, Slack's tavern, between Wash-
ington and Germantown, in Macon county, Kentucky, war of 1812, on or
about the 10th day August, 1812, and was honorably discharged at
Macon county, Kentucky, about the close of the year 1812.

Mary E. Mayberry, widow of Frederick E. Mayberry, deceased,
who enlisted in Capt. William Lock's company, Col. Colman's regiment,
in the division commanded by Gen. Andrew Jackson, Tennessee volun-
teers, on the 10th day of December, 1811, at Nashville, Tennessee, and
was honorably discharged at Murfreesboro, Tennessee, on or about the
25th day of December, 1814.

Only one of the above mentioned widows is now living. Mrs. Anna
Routh still survives, having attained the great age of eighty-seven years.
She lives about four miles from Richmond, Ray county, Missouri.

Mary Comer, widow of John Comer, deceased, who was a soldier of
the war of 1812, in Capt. Morris's company of Ohio volunteers, that did
service in the arm)'- of Gen. Harrison. He enlisted at Chillicothe, Ross
county, Ohio, on or about the 10th day of July, 1813, and was honorably
discharged at Chillicothe, Ohio, on or about December 10, 1813. She
was married to John Comer, on or about the 10th day of June, 1800, in
Ross county, Ohio. Her name before marriage was Mar}- Baker. Mrs.
Mary Comer moved from Ray county to Daviess county, Missouri, before
her claim was completed, and died in Daviess county, eighty-seven years
old.

The act of congress approved March 9, 1878, extended the provisions
of the act of February 14, 1871, to all widows of soldiers of the war of
1812, without any reference to the time of their marriages. Those living
in Ray county, Missouri, are as follows.:

Selena Davis, widow of John Davis, deceased, who was a soldier of
the war of 1812, in Capt. John Crawford's company, Kentucky volun-
teers, forming a part of General Shelby's brigade. She lives about three
miles from Knoxville, Ray county, Missouri. She was married to John
Davis in Montgomery county, Kentucky, about June 1, 1817; her maiden
name being Selena McDougal. She is now over eighty years old.

HISTORY OF KAY COUNTY. 273

Catharine Gunneel, widow of Nathaniel Gunnell, deceased, who
was a soldier of the war of 181.2, having enlisted in a Virginia company
of volunteers, in the southeastern part of Virginia, on or about the year

1814. She was married to Nathaniel Gunnell, on the 8th day of Janu-
ary 1848, in Ray county, Missouri, her name before marriage being Mrs.
Catharine Albert. She is now seventy-five years old, and until recently
lived about three miles from Millville, Ray county, Missouri.

Nancy McCuistion, widow of Thomas McCuistion, deceased, late
soldier of the war of 1812, in Capt. John B. Dempsey's mounted volun-
teers. She was married to Lieut. Thomas McCuistion on or about the
15th day of February, 1816, her name before marriage being Nancy Jor-
dan. She now lives with her son, A. A. McCuistion, in Richmond, Mis-
souri, and is now seventy-nine years old.

Mary Reed, widow of David Reed, deceased, a soldier of the war of
1812, who enlisted in Berkeley county, Virginia, on or about the 1st of
August, 1814, and was honorably discharged on or about the 1st of March,

1815. She was married to David Reed on or about the 1st day of
December, 1820, in Warren county, Missouri, at that time forming a part
of Montgomery county, Missouri. Her maiden name was Mary Bryan.
She lives with her daughter, Mrs. Elijah Happy, about five miles from
Richmond. She has attained the age of eighty-three years.

Adaline Riffe, widow of John RifFe, deceased, a lieutenant in Capt.
Wade's company of volunteers, from Casey county, Kentucky, war of
1812. He enlisted on or about the 1st day of September, 1814, and was
honorably discharged on or about February 15, 1815. She was married
to John Riffe in Ray county, Missouri, on the 15th day of January, 1846.
Her name before this marriage was Mrs. Adaline Ross. She lives in
Albany, Ray county, Missouri, about one mile from Orrick, and is now
seventy-two years old.

Nancy Rush, widow of Job Rush, a soldier of the war of 1812 in
Capt. George Allen's company of Virginia militia, who enlisted on or
about the 15th of April, 1813, and was honorably discharged at Norfolk,
Virginia, on or about the 1st of October, 1813. She was married to Job
Rush in Madison county, Virginia, on the 10th day of February, 1819.
She is now eighty-three years old, and lives with her relatives near Rich-
mond, Missouri.

Jane Smith, widow of Jedediah Smith, deceased, a soldier of the war
of 1812, in Capt. McCuistion's company, in the second regiment of North
Carolina militia. He enlisted in Guilford county, North Carolina, in 1814,
and was honorably discharged, after serving a term of over three months.
She was married to Jedediah Smith, January 6th, 1818, in Guilford county,
North Carolina. Her name before marriage was Jane Close. She is

274 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

now living about three miles from Lawson, with her son, William W.
Smith, and has attained the great age of eighty-two years.

BLACK HAWK WAR IN 1832.
SOLDIERS OK WIDOWS OF SOLDIERS NOW LIVING IN RAY COUNTY.

Henry Brown, in Captain Sconce's company; William Crowley; Wil-
iliam R. Blythe, first lieutenant in Captain Pollard's company, Colonel
Sconce's regiment; Winant Vanderpool, a private in Captain William C.
Pollard's company; Priscilla Conklin, late widow of Andrew Pearce,
deceased, a private in Captain William Pollard's company: .Ruth Rifle,
widow of Jacob Rifle, deceased.

FLORIDA WAR.

In the Florida war, in the year 1837, the Missouri "spies," a company
made up chiefly of recruits from Ray county, commanded by Captain
John Sconce, Israel R. Hendly, first lieutenant, did good service in the
swamps and everglades of Florida.

In the battle of Okeechobee, December 25, 1837, the company suffered
severely. Among the killed were Perry Jacobs and James Remley, and
among the wounded were John W. Martin and William B. Hudgins,
from this county.

The following are the names of the soldiers, who were in the Florida
war, who are now living in Ray county: William B. Hudgins, of Capt.
Sconce's companv Missouri Spies; Beniah Hagan, of Captain Pollard's
company; Jackson Mann, of Captain Pollard's company; James B.
Smith, of Captain John Sconce's company; William L. Feur, of Captain
Pollard's company; Pleasant Slover, of Captain John Child's company
Tennessee volunteers: Dr. Moody Manson, surgeon.

IIEATHERLY WAR.
In 1836 two companies of Ray county militia, under command of Cap-
tains Matthew P. Long and William Pollard, were ordered out as a part
of Brigadier-General William Thompson's brigade, to serve in the Heath-
erly war. The counties of Ray, Carroll and Clay, as late as 1836,
extended from the Missouri river to the southern boundary line of Iowa
territory. In June of that year (1836) the settlements in the northern por-
tion of all these counties were sparsely peopled, and many miles apart. In
the northern part of Carroll county, now embraced in the limits of Mer-
cer and Grundy, near the line dividing tlu-st two counties, there was a
comparatively small settlement, or a few families of pioneers residing.
Of this number was an old man named Heatherly. and wife, some
four grown sons, and two sons-in-law, and a family named Dunbar and
another person, a near neighbor of Dunbar. The Heatherlys were at
enmity with Dunbar and his neighbors, and availing themselves of the
chance, always created in the unprotected settlements, they murdered

HISTORY OP~ RAY COUNTY. 275

Dunbar and his neighbor, and robbed their houses, and then fled into the
more densely settled part of the country south, and reported that some
Iowa Indians had made an irruption into that part of the country and had
murdered and robbed these two persons. The clamor of the Heatherlys
caused troops to be called out for the purpose of apprehending the
Indians, and having them punished for these murders.

Brigadier-General William Thompson was commander of the brigade,
embracing the counties of Ray, Clay and Carroll, and resided in Ray.
He immediately ordered out five companies, one from Carroll, two from
Ray, commauded as above mentioned, and two from Clay, commanded
respectively by Captain David R. Atchison and Smith Crawford, and the
battalion was under the personal command of Shubael Allen. The bat-
talion from Ray and Carroll was commanded by General Thompson in
person. The last named battalion marched rapidly to the scene of the
crimes, and succeeded in finding the bodies of the murdered men, but no
trace of any Indians could be found. The two battalions were in con-
stant communication, and after about eighteen days' service, General
Thompson ordered them to disband. Facts ascertained by General
Thompson, when he wras at the scene of the murder, and facts that came
to light, induced the belief that the Heatherlv gang were the murderers,
and they were arrested and committed to jail in Carroll county, and after
a delay of a year or more, some of them were convicted and sent to the
penitentiary. The Heatherly family were more like gypsies than Amer-
icans. The children were of every hue, from mulattoes to pretty fair
Caucasians. The moving spirit and motive power of the family was the
old woman, the mother of this motley progenv. She had great shrewd-
ness, and was as fiendish as a Hecate. It was in proof that she instigated,
planned, and had the crimes committed, and conceived the idea of
attributing them to the friendly Iowa Indians.

MORMON WAR.
In the fall oi 1838, the Mormon war caused great excitement in Ray
county. A considerable force of Mormons under their leader, Joe Smith,
had assembled at Far West, in Caldwell county, Missouri, and serious
apprehensions were entertained that they intended to make a descent upon
Ray county. A portion of the force of Mormons, under the command of
Capt. Patton. did march into Rav county, as far as what is now called
" Bogart's Battle Field," on Crooked river, in the northwest part of the
county, on, or about the loth of November, 1838, and met a company of
Ray county militia, under the command of Capt. Samuel Bogart. After
a sharp engagement, the militia were repulsed and fell back to the south-
ern part of the county, leaving the Mormons the masters of the battle-
field. In this engagement the Mormons lost Captain Patton, and the day
following fell back to their main force at Far West, Caldwell county.

276 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

The wildest excitement prevailed in Ray county after this slight action.
A large number of people in the northern part of the county removed
their families and their effects to places of safety in the southern part of
the county.

Lilburn W. Boggs, who was then governor of Missouri, issued a proc-
lamation and ordered Major-General David R. Atchison to call out the
militia of his division, in order to put down the insurgents and enforce the
laws. General Atchison called out a part of the hrst brigade of Missouri
state militia, under the command of General Alexander W. Doniphan,
who proceeded at once to the seat of war.

There were called out in this expedition from Ray county four com-
panies of militia, commanded respectively by Captains Samuel Bogart,
Israel R. Hendley, Nehemiah Odell, and John Sconce. The militia were
placed under the command of General John B. Clark.

General Doniphan, on reaching Far West, in Caldwell county, Missouri,
after some slight engagements, where the principal Mormon forces had
assembled, numbering about 1,000 men, commanded by Colonel G. W.
Hinkle, demanded their surrender, on the following conditions, viz: That
they should deliver up their arms, surrender their prominent leaders for
trial, and that the remainder of the Mormons should, with their families,
leave the state.

After some parleying, Joe Smith surrendered on General Doniphan's
conditions.

The leaders were taken before a court of inquiry at Richmond, Ray
county, Judge Austin A. King, presiding. He remanded them to Daviess
county to await the action of the grand jury on a charge of treason against
the state.

The Daviess county jail being very poor, they were taken to Liberty,
Clay county, Missouri, and confined in the jail at that place.

Indictments were presented against Joseph Smith, Hyrum Smith, Sid-
ney Rigdon, Lyman Wright, Colonel G. W. Hinkle, Charles Baldwin,
^nd Amos Lyman. Sidney Rigdon was released on a writ of habeas
corpus, at Liberty, Clay county, Missouri.

The others applied for a change of venue, which was granted by Judge
Austin A. King, and their cases were sent by him to Boone county for
trial. On their way to Columbia, Boone county, under a military guard,
Joseph Smith and his fellow-prisoners effected their escape. It is claimed,
and believed by many, that the guard, or a portion of it was bribed.

THE MEXICAN WAR.

Almost thirty-five years have rolled around since the Mexican war.

Since then many and great events have taken place. Many brilliant and

illustrious achievements have been chronicled upon the historic page, and

astounding inventions and marvelous discoveries have wrought revolu-

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 277

tions in all the affairs of life. The contemplation of them almost causes
the reason to stagger and the imagination to flag. The grand triumphs
of science, the crowning glory of the conquests of art, and the startling
discoveries in the wide domain of nature in the last thirty-live years, all go
to show that we live in an age that has reached a high mark of enlight-
enment, and that the conquering car of progress is sweeping onward in
its grand march.

Yet, amid all these grand achievements and mighty changes, there is
no American who would wish the proud deeds of our gallant armies in
the Mexican war blotted from the pages of his country's history. These
gallant and glorious deeds still speak trumpet-tongued of the fame of the
soldiers that traversed the burning sands and dense chapparals of Mexico,
and covered themselves with imperishable glory on hard-fought battle-
fields, under the starry folds of the proud ensign of the republic, until it
streamed forth in all its original lustre over the proud halls of the Mon-
tezumas.

The brave McKee, the impetuous Yell, the intrepid Hardin, the chival-
rous Clay, and gallant Watson, and hundreds of their noble comrades,
who went down amid the rushing squadron, the roaring cannon and the
clashing steel, and baptised their love of country in their crimson life-blood,
will never be forgotten.

Every American in whose free-born bosom there throbs one pulsation
prouder than another, will feel it throb whenever he hears these names.
They will still continue to be the glowing theme of the annalist and the
inspiring song of the bard.

The reader of his country's history will always feel a glow of pride
when he reads of the battles of Palo Alto, Resaca de la Palma, Monte-
rey, and Buena Vista; of Vera Cruz, Contreras, Cherubusco, Molino del
Rev, Chepultapec, and the City of Mexico; of Chihuahua, and Sacra-
mento. Around the names of Taylor, Scott, Doniphan, Price, and their
illustrious comrades, will be entwined laurels of everlasting verdure.
Their fame will be like a mighty river that grows broader and deeper as
it rolls onward.

And does any one ask, "What have we gained by the Mexican war?"

If such an one there be, let him forget, if he can, the national glory
gained for our country by the gallant deeds of our soldiers, in giving
increased military renown and glory in a war without a single defeat; and
look at the grand and solid results of the Mexican war! It added two
states and territories to our country, that are now teeming with a popula-
tion full of energy, thrift, and prosperity, embracing millions of acres of
land, whose valleys are of boundless fertility, and whose mountains con-
tain inexhaustible quantities of minerals, of priceless value, the gold and
silver alone yielding $80,000,000 per year.

278 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

It gave to our own country an extended seacoast, with capacious bays,
inlets, and harbors, affording an almost limitless commerce, foreign and
domestic.

" Glens where Ocean comes,

To 'scape the wild winds' rancor,
And harbors, worthiest homes,

Where Freedom's fleets can anchor."

The resources of this broad expanse of territory, acquired by the valor
of our soldiers, have been developed by our own American people, show-
ing the vast superiority of the Anglo-Saxon race over the mongrel race
that once occupied it.

History gives no account of such consequences resulting from any war,
ancient or modern, in Europe or Asia. It stands in its glorious results
without a parallel.

In 1846, a company of volunteers was recruited from Ray county for
the Mexican war. This company was mustered into the service August
1, 1846, as company G, in the battalion of Missouri mounted riflemen,
commanded by Lieut. Col. David Willock, (Col. Sterling Price's regiment)
called into the service of the United States by President James K. Polk,
under the act of congress, approved May 13, 1846. Israel R. Hendley
was elected captain of company G; William M. Jacobs, first lieutenant;
John W. Martin, second lieutenant, and William P. George, third lieu-
tenant.

This battalion was a part of Col. Sterling Price's regiment, and under
the command of Kearney and Doniphan, won laurels of which the coun-
try is justly proud.

Capt. Israel R. Hendley, who had proved himself, a gallant officer, fell
at Moro, New Mexico, January 25, 1847, and was succeeded in command
of company G* by Capt. William M. Jacobs, who was a brave and
efficient officer, and was greatly endeared to his gallant company. Com-
pany G was mustered into the United States service August 1, 1846. It
was a splendid company, well equipped, thoroughly disciplined, and
efficient in every respect. It performed excellent service during the wrar,
and was honorably discharged at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, on the 17th
day of September, 1847.

A portion of this company accompanied Doniphan's regiment, so famous
for its march to Santa Fe, Chihuahua, Monterey and the gulf, and for the
battles of Bracito and Sacramento. The march of the regiment is known
as Doniphan's expedition.

After those brilliant victories, Doniphan's gallant little army took up its
line of march homeward. At Saltillo they were reviewed by Gen. Wool.

*Capt. William M. Jacobs was killed June 1, 1878, in the fearful cyclone that swept
over Richmond, causing great loiss of life and devastation of property.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 279

They reported to Gen. Taylor, at Monterey, on the 27th of May, 1847,
and thence they marched to Matamoras, conveying with them their
artillery, which Gen. Taylor permitted them to take home as trophies, in
consideration of "their gallantry and noble bearing." They made the
march from Chihuahua to Matamoras, nine hundred miles, in forty- five

days.

They arrived at New Orleans about the middle of June, 1847, were
mustered out of service, and received a brilliant reception. The cele-
brated orator, Sargent S. Prentiss, on the part of the people of New
Orleans, welcomed their return in one of the most eloquent, touching and
patriotic speeches ever heard from mortal lips.

On the 2d of July, they arrived at St. Louis, where they received a
grand, glorious welcome. Judge Bowlin received them at St. Louis, on
the part of the people. A magnificent banquet was spread for them, and
Col. Thomas H. Benton made a most eloquent and thrilling speech to the
assembled mass of soldiers and people, recounting the events of their long
and almost fabulous expedition with a minuteness and accuracy that aston-
ished them. He traced their journey of five thousand miles from St. Louis
and back again. In the course of his patriotic and impressive speech, he
referred to the famous " Retreat of the Ten Thousand," and congratulated
them that the march of the " one thousand " exceeded that of the " ten
thousand " by some two thousand miles. Deservedly has Gen. Doniphan
won the title of the " American Xenophon."

Thirty-five years have rolled around since the commencement of the
Mexican war, and many of the brave soldiers of the gallant armies of
Taylor, Scott and Doniphan have gone to their last camping ground.

"On fame's eternal camping ground,
Their silent tents are spread;
And glory guards with solemn round,
The bivouac of the dead."

A pension bill, for the benefit of the survivors of the Mexican war has
been introduced into congress. It is ardently hoped that it will soon
become a law, and afford some recognition of the gallant services of the
soldiers whose deeds hold a conspicuous place on that pillar of glory,
where the deeds of the American soldier are emblazoned for the admira-
tion of mankind.

The following is a list of the surviving soldiers of the Mexican war,
now living in Ray county, Missouri: Company G, Captain Israel R.
Hendley's company, Lieut.-Colonel David Willock's battalion, Colonel
Sterling Price's regiment, has the following survivors in Ray county:

William Albert, Anderson Elliott, Joel Estis, William Flournoy, Henry
Jacobs, George W. Jacobs, Andrew J. Lillard, Henry Page, Moses Ritter,
John D. Rayburn, Jacob Robinson, Anderson Spencer, James Sanderson,

280 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

Wilbum Snovvden, Marion Tucker, Lewis Vandever, Robert J. Williams,
and Thomas Woolard.

General Alexander Doniphan, Colonel First regiment Missouri mounted
volunteers, Mexican war.

William Nelson, company B, Captain Walton's company, Doniphan's
regiment.

Porter Mansur, company L, Captain William J. Slack's company Sec-
ond Missouri regiment.

John Saery, private in the Sixth company, Second regiment, Kentucky
volunteers.

Julius H. Searls, company B, Fourth Illinois regiment, infantry volun-
teers.

Charles B. Kavanaugh, company B, Captain Walton's company, Doni-
phan's regiment.

Thomas Jobe, Captain Simmons' company, Colonel Rail's regiment of
mounted volunteers.

James A. Delaney, Captain Daniel H. Bird's company K, First Georgia
regiment of volunteers.

James M. Fuller, Captain Thomas Jones' company Colonel Geles'
regiment.

Abner C. Roberts, sergeant, Captain Keen's company, Marix's regiment,
Louisiana volunteers.

Thomas D. Woodson, corporal company K, Captain Thomas May-
field's Fourth Kentucky infantry.

William A. Crane, company B, Third Kentucky infantry volunteers.

Joseph A. Smith, Captain Perry Moss's company C, First regiment,
Missouri volunteers, commanded by General A. W. Doniphan.

Benjamin W. Hines, soldier in the Mexican war, company G, Colonel
Rail's regiment.

James O. Cooper, private, Captain O. Perry Moss's company, Doni-
phan's regiment.

Adam K. McClintock, company C, First regiment, commanded by
Colonel A. W. Doniphan.

Jasper N. Davis, Captain Henry Skillman's company, battalion of team-
sters, organized by Colonel A. W. Doniphan.

WIDOWS OF SOLDIERS OF MEXICAN WAR, LIVING IN RAY COUNTY, MISSOURI.

Mrs. Sarah J. Davis, widow of Presly C. Davis, deceased, company C,
Captain William H. Rogers, Oregon battalion, commanded by Colonel
Powell.

Fannie S. Craven, widow of John N. Craven, deceased, company C,
Captain William H. Rogers, a soldier in Oregon battalion.

Rachael Odell, widow of Francis Odell, deceased, a teamster in artil-
lery company in Oregon battalion.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 281

Deadunea Wilson, widow of Robert Wilson, deceased, a soldier of
company -G, Lieutenant-Colonel David Willock's battalion, Colonel Ster-
ling Price's regiment.

Ellen Davis, widow of Ben]amin F. Davis, deceased, a soldier of Mexi-
can war, company G, Lieut.-Colonel Willock's battalion.

Sarah Armstrong, widow of Joshua Armstrong, company G, Lieut.-
Colonel Willock's battalion, Colonel Sterling Price's regiment.

Mrs. Dorothy Pritchet, widow of William Pritchett, deceased; company
G, Lt. Col. David Willock's battalion.

Mrs. Margaret Roberts, formerly widow of Lemuel Williams, deceased;
a* soldier of W. P. Walton's company B, first regiment of Missouri
mounted volunteers.

Mrs. Mary A. Parker, widow of William C. Parker, deceased; Capt.
William Dougherty's company, Col. McKee's regiment, Kentucky vol-
unteers.

Eleanor Conyers, widow of John Conyers, deceased; a soldier of the
Mexican war.

Mrs. BettieJ. Robb, widow of Joseph Robb, deceased; a soldier of the
Mexican war.

TEAMSTERS IN MEXICAN WAR, LIVING [N RAY COUNTY, MISSOURI.

Benjamin C. Branch, teamster for Gen. Wool's staff.
Robert W. Patton, teamster for Col. Price's regiment.
John Lee, teamster.

THE GREAT CIVIL WAR.

Many years must elapse before the complete history of the great
struggle between the Federal government of the United States, and the
Southern Confederacy, can be written. A great civil war beyond all
others, involves grave and complex questions that require the historian
writing from the chancery of truth, to take a calm view of the whole field,
which shall do full justice to both sections of the Union. The cessation
of the war after the surrender of General Lee to General Grant at
Appomattox, April 9, 1865, was followed by a flood of biographies,
memoirs, reports and historical sketches, that will have to be laboriously
collated, winnowed of their chaff, pruned of their partisan exuberance,
and reduced to the correct standard of material for a history that makes
truth its polar star,

" Of whose firm fixed and resting quality,
There is no fellow in the; firmanent. "

It is true, some very important histories of the military events of the
18

282 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

war, have been written, but this is not the whole of the subject. The
future will yet produce some annalist like Tacitus, in his histories and
annals, who, with incorruptible virtue will adorn the literature of his age,
in giving a history of the great civil war, in a style and manner character-
ized by dignity, gravity, honesty and truthfulness.

The European historian who has heretofore allotted only a spare chap-
ter to America, regarding our affairs with a marked indifference, now
assigns it a prominent place in the world's affairs.

The magnitude of -the conflict, the immense armies marshaled mainly
from the plow and work-shop into the field, the great battles, splendid
generalship, dashing feats of arms, masterly strategy, brilliant tactics,
bravery of soldiers, grand charges on terrible battle fields, vast resources
of the two governments, the complete and wonderful sanitary system and
regulations and the strong resolution and firm endurance of the people, all
challenged the admiration of the people of Europe, and caused them to
wonder that so great a people had sprung into existence beyond the Atlan-
tic. Throughout the history of modern times there are no efforts more
amazing, no sacrifices more unbounded, no achievements more brilliant
on record, than those of the peoples and armies of the north and south.

It was the people mainly of the same great Anglo-Saxon race that
waged the mighty conflict. The same blood proudly coursed through
the veins of the people of both sections of the country.

At the close of the war the sublime spectacle was presented of the great
armies on each side returning quietly and calmly to their homes, and gladly
resuming the vocations of peace.

There was not a single instance of a scene of bloodshed and violence to
stain the honorable record of so large a body of brave soldiers of the north
and south that had been disbanded and freed from all restraint.

As time rolls onward, there will be no effort made by either the north or
the south to cherish alone its own memories, its own tears, its own heroes,
its own dead. Already throughout the broad expanse of our country, do
we find many of our people, animated by the most noble sentiments, impar-
tial in the offerings made to the memory of the dead. They strew flowers
alike upon the graves of the Confederate and National soldiers. The gar-
lands of roses and lilies are placed sweetly by affection's hand upon the
green graves of the blue and grey as they sleep

" Under the sod and the dew,
Waiting the judgment day;
Love and tears for the Blue,
Tears and love for the Grey."

CONFEDERATE SOLDIERS.
Ray county furnished a large number of soldiers for both armies in the
late civil war who bore themselves bravely in some of the hard fought bat-

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 283

ties of the war, adding new lustre to the military honors already won by
the county.

The number of volunteers from Ray county that enlisted in the
southern armies is variously estimated at from five to eight hundred. A
majority of this number enlisted under Gen. Sterling Price the first year of
the war, 1861.

The following is a list of some of the officers and soldiers from Ray
county that served with distinction in the Confederate armies. A number
of those that enlisted from Ray county, in 1861 and during the war, are
not now living in the county, having sought new homes in other states or
other portions of this state, after the close of the war.

Col. Benjamin A. Rives, colonel Third Missouri infantry volunteers,
was killed at the battle of Pea Ridge, March 8, 1862.

Col. Benjamin Brown, inspector of the Fourth division of the " Missouri
State Guards," was killed at Wilson's Creek, Missouri, August 10, 1861.

Capt. Finley L. Hubbell, afterward promoted to be lieutenant-colonel
of 3d Missouri infantry volunteers, was wounded in the battle of Cham-
pion Hill, May 16, 1863, and died from the effects of the wound, at Coffee-
ville, Mississippi.

Capt. Kelsey McDowell was killed at Atlanta, Georgia, July 22, 1864,
having been promoted to be lieutenant-colonel of 3d Missouri infantry
volunteers, a short time before he was killed.

Major Wm. C. Parker, company D, 1st Missouri cavalry volunteers,
(Col. Gates' regiment), was killed at the battle of Franklin, Tennessee,
November 30, 1864.

Capt. Dick Early, brother of Gen. Jubal Early, was wounded at the
battle of Wilson's Creek, August 10, 1861, and afterward died from the
effects of said wound, at Springfield, Missouri, in the fall of 1861.

Col. Aaron H. Conrow, was killed after the close of the war, in the
year 1S65, in Mexico, by some of Juarez's guerrillas. He was a member
of the Confederate congress, and represented the Fourth district of Mis-
souri, embracing within its limits Ray county, from the commencement of
the war of 1861 to the close of it.

Capt. James L. Farris, was captain of 2nd Missouri battery. He was
elected county attorney of Ray county, in 1872, and was a member of the
constitution convention of Missouri in 1875. At the election in 1876, he
was elected a member of the lower branch of the legislature of Missouri,
to represent Ray county.

Lieut. Hiram C. Warriner, was second lieutenant in the 2d Missouri
battery. He is now a prominent attorney-at-law, at Memphis Tennessee.

Major Robert Williams, 3d and 5th regiments Missouri infantry con-
solidated, commanded by Col. James McCown, Warrensburg, Missouri.

Capt. Guinn McCustion, company C, 3d Missouri infantry.

284 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

Lieut. Wm. A. Holman, company C, 3d Missouri infantry.

Lieut. Wm. H. Mansur, company C, 3d Missouri infantry.

Capt. John P. Quesenberry, company H, 11th Missouri infantry.

Lieut. Frank Davis, company H, 11th Missouri infantry.

Lieut. Berren J. Menefee, company D, 1st regiment Missouri cavalry.

Capt. Wm. L. Nuckols, company B, 1st regiment Missouri cavalry.

Lieut. Lewis Slaughter, company K, 17th regiment Virginia infantry.
He is at present recorder for Ray county.

Capt. Obadiah Taylor, company A, 3d Missouri infantry.

Lieut. Richard Lamb, company A, 3d Missouri infantry, was killed at
the battle of Allatoona, Georgia, October 5, 1864.

Lieut. Robert Rives, company F, 3d Missouri infantry, was wounded
at the battle of Lexington, Missouri, September 20, 1861, and afterward
died in the state of Arkansas. He was a brother of Col. Benj. A. Rives.

George Rothrock, company D, 1st Missouri cavalry volunteers, died
near Demopolis, Alabama, July 2, 1865, from disease contracted in the
service.

William Duval, company C, 3d Missouri infantry, was killed at the bat-
tle of Corinth, Mississippi, October 3, 1862.

Thomas Duval and Henderson Duval, company C, 3d Missouri infan-
try, were killed at Baker's Creek, May 16, 1863.

Henry Allen, company C, third Missouri infantry, was killed at Vicks-
burg, May 22, 1863.

Calvin C. Brown, company A, 3d Missouri infantr}^ was killed at
Vicksburg, May 22, 1863.

Patrick Smith was wounded at the battle of Champion Hill, November
16, 1863, and was afterward killed at Allatoona, Georgia, October 5, 1864.
He was a member of company C, 3d Missouri infantry.

Thomas Hale, company D, 1st cavalry Missouri volunteers, was killed
at Franklin, Tennessee, November 30, 1864.

Malnar Hendley, company A, 3d Missouri infantry, was killed at Vicks-
burg, May 22, 1863.

Samuel Anderson, company A, 3d and 5th regiments Missouri infantry,
killed at Vicksburg, May 22, 1863.

Capt. Alexander A. McCuistion, company C, 3d Missouri infantry.

Dr. James D. Taylor, company D, 1st Missouri cavalry.

Dr. William Quarles, color-bearer of company C, 3d Missouri infantry.

Adrian C. Ellis, company A, 3d regiment Missouri infantry. Now an
attorney-at-law in Nevada.

Capt. Wm. C. Rifle, Missouri state guards.

Capt. John WarrenstafT, Missouri state guards.

Lieut. Lee White, Missouri state guards.

Henry Ellis, Missouri state guards.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 285

Louis C. Bohannon was colonel in Gen. Price's army, state service,
and Gen. Holmes' command, C. S. A. He enlisted June 1, 1861, and was
discharged July, 1865, at Little Rock. He was in the battles of Car-
thage, Oak Hill, Lexington, Elk Horn, Independence, Lone Jack, Council
Grove, Helena, and other engagements. West Point was the last. In
the battle of Lone Jack he was wounded in the wrist, and also wounded
in the right shoulder; a ball entered the right shoulder and came out at
the left. He was never taken prisoner. He has represented Ray county
three times in the Missouri legislature. He was elected in 1854, on the
whig, or anti-Benton ticket, defeating ex-Gov. Austin A. King, by a few
votes. In 1860 he was elected with Aaron H. Conrow, on an independent
ticket, over various competitors. In 1878, he was elected to the legisla-
ture on the greenback ticket, defeating James L. Farris, the democratic
candidate.

Capt. Robert J. Williams was captain of company A, Missouri volun-
teers, state service, and enlisted in December, 1861; afterward went into
the Confederate service. He was sworn into the state service, along with
his company, at Richmond, Missouri, Col. Reeves' regiment, 3d Missouri
infantry volunteers. Afterward, at Springfield, Missouri, he and his
company went into the Confederate service, for twelve months, and on
the expiration of this term, he and company were sworn in for a term of
three years, or during the war, at Camp Rogers, Mississippi. His com-
pany was the first one that made the movement for enlistment for the
war. He was promoted to the rank of major, after being in the service a
short time. His regiment (the 3d) was consolidated with the 5th Missouri
regiment infantry, and was commanded by Col. James McCown,of War-
rensburg, Missouri. He was in every battle in which his command was
engaged but one. He was in Vicksburg forty-eight days and nights.
He went into Vicksburg with over forty men, and came out with only
fifteen men fit for duty, after the surrender. He still has the old mule
that he had in the siege of Vicksburg. He was wounded, through his
hip, in the battle of Allatoona, Georgia, and suffered intensely for weeks.
He commanded a regiment after he was wounded, when he could not get
on his horse without help. He was discharged from service May 13,1865.

J. T. Craven was second sergeant in company H, Capt. Jack Patten's
company, Elijah Gates' regiment, Gen. Cockrell's brigade. He enlisted
September 6, 1861, at Howard's Mill, in Nodaway county, Missouri, and
was discharged at the close of the war. He was in the battles of Blue Mills,
Lexington, and Pea Ridge. His command was then transferred to East
Mississippi, and he was afterward engaged in the battles of Farmington,
Corinth, Iuka, second Corinth, Grand Gulf, Bogler's Creek, Black River
Bridge, Vicksburg, Rome, Georgia, Kenesaw Mountain, and Peach-tree
Creek. He was wounded at the second battle of Corinth, and subse-

286 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

quently at Peach-tree Creek. The last wound was through the left
wrist, and greatly disabled him. He was taken prisoner at the Vicksburg
surrender, held about seven months, and exchanged.

William S. Boon was a fifth sergeant in General Little's command. He
enlisted December 7, 1861, and was discharged in May, 1865. He
was in the battles of Pea Ridge, Farmington, Iuka, Corinth, Fort Gibson,
Bogler's Creek, Big Black River Bridge, and Vicksburg. He was
wounded at Vicksburg, in right arm, May 22, 1863. He was also
wounded at the battle of Kenesaw Mountain, in his left arm, causing the
loss of his said left arm, June 20, 1864. He was taken prisoner July 4,
1863, at Vicksburg. He also received several slight wounds besides those
above mentioned. Since coming out of the service he has been constable
of Richmond township, Ray county, Missouri.

James M. Aken was a private in company A, commanded by Capt.
Robert J. Williams, Col. B. A. Rives' regiment, 3d Missouri infantry.
He enlisted November, 1863, and was discharged March, 1864. He was
in the battles of Wilson's Creek, Boston Mountain, and Cross Hollow.

John H. Moffitt was a private in Colonel Slayback's regiment, Mis-
souri volunteers, under Gen. Sterling Price's command. He enlisted
in Nodaway county, in 1861. He was in battles of Blue Mills and Lex-
ington. He was stricken down with measles in 1862, and was discharged
the same year.

William Duval was first lieutenant in Capt. McDowell's company, C,
Col. A. B. Rives' regiment, 3d Missouri infantry volunteers, the same
company in which his two brothers, Henderson and Thomas, served. He
enlisted on or about December 10, 1861, and was in all the battles in
which his regiment was engaged up to the time of his death. He was
killed at the battle of Corinth, Mississippi, October 3, 1S62. William,
Thomas and Henderson Duval were sons of Rev. James Duval, of this
county. They were brave and gallant soldiers, and were greatly endeared
to the soldiers of their command.

Henderson Duval was a private in Capt. Kelsy McDowell's company,
C, in 3d regiment, Missouri infantry, commanded by Col. B. A. Rives.
He enlisted in his company at the time of its organization in 1861, and
was in all the principal battles in which his regiment was engaged up to
the time of his death, in the battle at Baker's Creek, Mississippi, May 16,
1863. He was in every respect a faithful soldier.

Thomas Duval was a private in Capt. Kelsy McDowell's company, C,
in 3d regiment Missouri infantry, commanded by Col. B. A. Rives. He
enlisted in his company at the time of its organization, in 1861, and was
in all the principal battles in which his regiment was engaged up to the
time he was mortally wounded, at the battle of Baker's Creek, Missis-
sippi, May 16, 1863. He was a true and faithful soldier. He was brother

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 287

of Henderson Duval and William Duval, both of whom were killed in the
Confederate service.

H. S. Trigg was an orderly sergeant in Col. Sterling Price's command,
Gen. Slack's division. He enlisted in 1861; was in the battles of Carthage,
Wilson's Creek, and Lexington. In the battle of Wilson's Creek he was
taken prisoner, but made his escape in about fifteen minutes after he was
captured. Parson's command was so close on the Federals that they had
no time to look after prisoners. He was taken sick at the battle of Lex-
ington, and could not go south with his command after battle.

James Hall was a private in company C, Shank's regiment, from Jack-
son county, Missouri, under General Shelby. Company C was com-
manded by Captain Franklin. He enlisted October 16, 1864, and was
discharged March 28, 1S65. He was in the Westport, Fort Scott, and
Newtonia fights. He was left on the road sick, once, but was never
wounded or taken prisoner.

Robert T. Cowsert, was a private in company C, Third Missouri
infantry. He enlisted December 10, 1861, and died in the service Febru-
ary 4, 1862.

J. H. Titus was a sergeant in General Price's command. He enlisted
in September, 1864, and was discharged May, 1865. He»was in the battles
oi Lexington, Pea Ridge, Corinth Farmington, Iuka, second battle of Cor-
inth, and Grand Gulf. He was wounded in the battle of Grand Gulf, April
29, 1863. He was taken prisoner at Port Gibson, May 2, 1863, while in hos-
pital, and paroled, and afterward rejoined his command at Demopolis, Ala-
bama, and remained there the most of the fall of 1863. In the spring of
1864 he was detailed to do duty in commissary department, and remained
there until the close of the war.

C. N. Palmer was a surgeon in General Sterling Price's command.
He enlisted in 1861, and resigned in 1863. He was in the battles of Wil-
son's Creek, Lexington, Pea Ridge, Shiloh, Seven Pines, Chickahominie,
seven days' battles near Richmond, Virginia. He was taken prisoner
several times during the time he was in service, but was released at once.

Fletcher Graham was a private in company C, Second regiment Mis-
soury infantry, commanded by Colonel Benjamin A. Rives. Company C
was commanded by Captain Kelsey McDowell. He enlisted at Spring-
field, Missouri, in 1861, and was discharged at Van Buren, Arkansas, June,
1862. He was in the battle of Pea Ridge or Elk Horn. He was
wounded in this battle, losing an eye, and shot through the thigh, from
the effects of which wound he is still disabled from the performance of
any business which requires active exertion.

R. R. Sumnermann was a private in Gen. Shelby's command. He enlisted
in October, 1864, and was discharged June, 1865. He was in various
engagements.

288 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

W. H. Flournoy was a private in General Parsons' brigade. He enlisted
the spring of 1862, and was discharged June, 1865. He was in various
engagements during the war.

Q. M. Baber was second lieutenant in company A, Third regiment
Missouri volunteers. He enlisted December 9, 1861, and was discharged
June 20, 1862. He was in the battles of Pea Ridge and Farmington. He
was in Mexico one year during the war. After his return to Ray county,
June 4, 1865, he has followed the business of farming near Richmond,
and has been quite a. successful farmer. He is a prominent man among
the grangers of Ray county.

Henry Renfro was a private in company C, 3d Missouri regiment,
infantry. He enlisted December 10, 1861, and was discharged June 26.
1865. He was in the battles of Iuka, Corinth, Grand Gulf, Port Gibson,
Big Black, Champion Hills, and Vicksburg. He was wounded at Vicks-
burg, Mississippi, May 20, 1863. He was taken prisoner at Springfield,
Missouri, February 12, 1862, and taken prisoner at Vicksburg, Jul)- 4,
1863.

G. W. Montgomery was a private in Capt. R. J. Williams' company,
1st brigade. He enlisted in 1861, and was discharged March 20, 1862,
He was in the. battles of Springfield or Oak Hills, Dry Wood Creek,
Lexington, Pea Ridge. He was wounded in the battle of Pea Ridge,
Arkansas, March 8, 1862, and was taken prisoner on the road from Pea
Ridge to Van Buren, Arkansas.

Wm. B. Parker was a private in Gen. Price's command, and also a
portion of the time he served in the command of Kirby Smith. He
enlisted June, 1862, and was discharged May, 1865. He was in the bat-
tles of Prairie Grove, Helena, Little Rock, Mansfield, Pleasant Hill, and
Saline river.

Marion M. Crithfield was a private in company H, Col. Hindman's
regiment, 11th Missouri infantry. Company H was commanded by Capt.
John P. Dusenberry. He enlisted October, 1862, and was discharged
1865. He was in the battles of Prairie Grove, Pleasant Hill, Louisiana,
Jenkins' Ferry, and Helena. He was wounded at Pleasant Hill, Louis-
iana, but not severely* Was sick for some time at Clarksville, with a
severe attack of measles.

T. J. Davis and B. F. Davis, were lieutenant and captain respectively,
in the command of General Sterling Price. They enlisted in June, 1861,
and were discharged June 1865. They were in the battles of Carthage,
Oak Hill, Lexington, Elk Horn, Helena, Cane Hill and Little Rock.

N. A. Lentz was a private in Gen. Parsons' command. He enlisted
June, 1S61, and was discharged June, 1865. He was in the battles of
Oak Hill, Elk Horn, Mansfield, and was in some other minor engage-
ments. He was never wounded or taken prisoner.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 289

A. Thompson was a private in Gen. Price's command, and was dis-
charged in the fall of 1861. He was in the battles of Carthage, Wilson's
Creek and Dry Wood.

J. F. Duval was a private in company C, first Missouri brigade, first
division. He enlisted June, 1861, and was discharged April, 1865. He
was in the following battles: Carthage, Wilson's Creek, Lexington, Pea
Ridge, in Missouri; Iuka, Corinth, Grand Gulf, Port Gibson, Champion
Hills, Big. Black, Vicksburg siege, in Mississippi ;^and in all battles in the
Georgia campaign from Dalton to Atlanta. Not seriously wounded in
any of these engagements. He was taken prisoner at Vicksburg; sur-
rendered with second Missouri battery, Captain James L. Farns com-
manding at Gainesville, Alabama, April 20, 1865.

W. M. Quarles was a lieutenant and ensign bearer. He enlisted May
10, 1861, and was discharged May 10, 1865. He was in the battles of
Carthage, Lexington, Springfield, Pea Ridge, Corinth, Iuka, Vicksburg,
Champion Hills, Allatoona, Atlanta, Lovejoy Station, Fort Blakely, Grand
Gulf, Port Gibson and Big Black. He was taken prisoner at Vicksburg,
on the 4th day of July, 1863; also taken prisoner at Fort Blakely, April
9, 1865. Never received any serious wounds, only slight ones, in his long
service.

A. J. Greenawalt was a private in General Sterling Price's army. He
enlisted in 1861, and was taken prisoner at Pea Ridge, and afterward
exchanged at Vicksburg. While in the service he was wounded twice
slightly.

F. J. Walker was a private in General Price's army. He enlisted
December 10, 1861, and was discharged May 4, 1865. He was in the bat-
tles of Elk Horn, Corinth, Springfield, Corinth, Iuka, Baker's Creek, Grand
Gulf, Franklin, Tennessee, Farmington, campaign of Georgia, and other
minor engagements. He was wounded at Corinth, Mississippi, October,
1862. He was never taken prisoner.

Joel S. Petty was a private in company D, 1st Missouri cavalry, under
Captain Parker, James Adams' regiment, commanded by Colonel Elijah
Gates. He enlisted in December, 1861, and was in the battles of Pea
Ridge, Corinth, Mississippi, Iuka, second Corinth, Champion Hills, Big
Black river. He was captured at Black river, and was taken as prisoner
to Point Lookout, Maryland, where he was kept eight and one-half
months, when he took the oath of allegiance and returned home, then
went to the plains for five vears, then returned to his native place, where
he now lives.

J. W. Asbury was a private in 3d regiment Missouri infantry volunteers,
commanded by Colonel Rives, and was discharged in August, 1865. He
was in the battles of Pea Ridge, Corinth, Mansfield, Jenkins' Ferry,

290 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

Blackwater, Lexington and Independence. He was taken prisoner at
Baldwin, Mississippi, but was not placed in a'ny prison.

Reuben Shelton was a private in company G, 1st Missouri volunteer
infantry. He enlisted in September, 1861, and was in the battles of Lex-
ington and Pea Ridge, and in numerous skirmishes in Missouri and
Arkansas. He was wounded atcPea Ridge, in the right shoulder, by a
spent ball. He was taken prisoner near Springfield, Missouri, and then
took the oath of allegiance.

Toliver Wood was a private of company C, 26th regiment, Tennessee
cavalry; company was commanded by Captain E. Allen, and the reg-
iment by Colonel J. M. Lillard. He enlisted in June, 1861, and was in
the battle of Chickamauga, and numerous skirmishes in Tennessee and
Virginia.

Bartlett Sisk was a corporal in company A, 3d Missouri volunteer
infantry, commanded by Colonel B. A. Rives. He enlisted December 27,
1861, and was in the battles of Pea Ridge, first and second Corinth, Iuka,
Grand Gulf, Port Gibson, and in numerous skirmishes in Arkansas and
Mississippi. He was wounded at Port Gibson, May 1, 1863, losing his
right arm just below the elbow. He was paroled at Grenada, Mississippi,
after the surrender in May, 1865, and returned to Ray county in October,
1865.

J. O. Kilgore was a private in company A, 2d Arkansas volunteer
cavalry, commanded by J. Phelps. He enlisted in July, 1863, and was
discharged November 17, 1865. He was in Price's last raid in Missouri
and Arkansas. He served over two years.

James Burns was a private in company A, 3d regiment, Missouri volun-
teer infantry, Confederate army. He was in the battles of Wilson's Creek
and Lone Jack, August 16, 1862. He lost his right arm at the battle of
Wilson's Creek, August 10, 1861. He was discharged in 1863.

Thomas J. Leake was a private in the 2d Missouri light artillery, Gen-
eral Dick Taylor's division. He enlisted December 9, 1861, and was in
the battles of Pea Ridge, Corinth, Mississippi; second battle of Corinth,
Thompson Station, Dalton, Georgia, Atlanta, Tennessee river, Elliott's
marine fleet, Jackson, Mississippi; Fort Pillow and numerous skirmishes.
He surrendered at the close of the war.

M. G. Taylor was second lieutenant in company D, 1st regiment Mis-
souri infantry. He enlisted December, 1861, and was in the battle of Pea
Ridge, and was discharged in June, 1862, in Mississippi.

Edward T. Dorton was a private and sergeant in Captain James Hobb's
company, Colonel David McRea's regiment, Confederate army. He
enlisted June 17, 1861, in company A, 15th Arkansas infantry; after the
surrender at Vicksburg, mounted infantry. He was in the battles of Wil-
son's Creek, Pea Ridge, Iuka, and numerous skirmishes. He was cap

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 291

tured at Iuka, and sent to Camp Douglas, Chicago. He was also cap-
tured at Walnut Grove, Arkansas, but escaped. He was discharged
April 12, 1865.

Henry C. Perdue was a private in company A, Colonel Reeves' regi-
ment. He enlisted in April, 1861, and was in the battles of Carthage,
July 5, 1861, and Wilson's Creek, August 10,1861. He was captured
and imprisoned in the jail at Lexington, Missouri, and was paroled a few
days thereafter. He was discharged in January, 1862.

M. S. Leforgee was a private in company C, 2d Kentucky battalion,
mounted rifles, under Colonel Tom Johnson, Confederate army. He
enlisted September, 1862, and was in the battles of Louisa, Kentucky,
Cave Gap, King's Saltworks, Chickamauga, McMinnville, Tennessee;
Anderson's Cross Roads, Cumberland, Tennessee; Charleston, Mount
Sterling, Kentucky, Smithville, and in numerous skirmishes. He was dis-
charged May 3, 1865.

Thomas Elder was a private in company C, 3d Missouri infantry, Gen-
eral Sterling Price's army. He enlisted November, 1861. He was in
the second battle of Corinth, Port Gibson, Baker's Creek, Big Black,
Vicksburg, in the campaign through Georgia, and at Johnson's surrender.
He was wounded at Kenesaw Mountain, June, 1864. He was taken
prisoner at Springfield, Missouri, and was confined at Alton, Illinois, about
seven months, and was exchanged at Vicksburg, August, 1863.

Isaac M. Riffe was orderly sergeant in company A, 4th Missouri
infantry. He enlisted in June, 1861, and was in the battles of Carthage,
Dry Wood, Lexington, Pea Ridge, Wilson Creek, Corinth, first and sec-
ond fight, and numerous skirmishes. He was wounded in the left hand
at Pea Ridge, March 8, 1862, and was taken prisoner by Captain A.
Allen, and released on parole. He forfeited his parole, and returned to
the Confederate army.

Samuel H. Long was a private in company C, 3d regiment, 1st brig-
ade, Missouri infantry, General Price's army. He enlisted December 20,
1861. He was in the battles of Elk Horn, Corinth, Magnolia Hills,
Baker's Creek, and Vicksburg. He was taken prisoner at Vicksburg,
and soon after paroled.

Joseph Thomas Mulligan was a private in the Confederate army. He
enlisted in 1863, and was killed at the battle of Champion Hill, May 16,
1863.

Turner Elder was a private in General Shelby's command. He enlisted
in the fall of 1862. He was in the battle of Mansfield, and was wounded
in that engagement. He was discharged when General Price surren-
dered.

Newton J. Parker was a private and sergeant, first under General Price,
then General Vandorn, then General Pemberton. He enlisted in Septem-

292 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

ber, 1861, and was in the battles of Lexington, Pea Ridge, Farmington,
Mississippi; Iuka, Mississippi; Corinth, Grand Gulf, Baker's Creek and
Vicksburg. He was taken prisoner May 16, 1863, at Baker's Creek, and
was a prisoner eight months.

Martin Elder was a private in company C, 3d Missouri infantry, General
Price's army. He enlisted in November, 1861, and was in the battles of
Corinth, Port Gibson and Baker's Creek. He was wounded and taken
prisoner at Pea Ridge, in the spring of 1862, and was paroled. He was
taken prisoner again at Baker's Creek and taken to Alton, Illinois, mili-
tary prison. He was exchanged at Vicksburg, August, 1863.

William B. Sanderson was a private in Colonel Reeves' regiment, Mis-
souri cavalry, General Price's army. He enlisted in 1861 and was dis-
charged in 1863. He was in the battles of Lexington, September, 1861,
and Pea Ridge, March 8, 1862.

John Rader was a private in General Hindman's command. He enlisted
in the fall of 1862, and was discharged in December, 1862, and was in the
battle of Prairie Grove. He was taken sick at Prairie Grove and was
not able to re-enter the army.

Stephen Frazier was a private in General Price's army, and was in
most of the leading engagements. He enlisted in 1861 and was discharged
in 1865. He was taken prisoner at Vicksburg, and was a prisoner for
two months.

George W. Keys was a private in General Sterling Price's army. He
enlisted at Springfield, Missouri, in 1861, and was in the battle of Lexing-
ton, Missouri, September, 1861. He was discharged in December, 1862.

S. O. McGuire was a private in General Sterling Price's army. He
enlisted, June, 1861, and was discharged in July, 1865. He was in the
battles of Wilson's Creek, Pea Ridge, Corinth, Iuka, Champion Hills, and
Big Black river. He was taken prisoner at Big Black river about May
17, 1863.

L. B. Wright was a private in General Price's army. He enlisted in
September, 1861; was in the battle ^of Lexington, September, 1861, and
was taken prisoner there and banished to Indiana until hostilities ceased.

John W. Gaulden was a private in Colonel Henry's Virginia reserves.
He enlisted in 1864, and was discharged in the year 1865.

James O. R. Walker, Thomas J. Walker, Davis Walker, Hardin
Thompson, Robert Brozendine, Wm. McGaugh, Nicholas Gentry, Joseph
Hamner, Henry B. McGill, John Odell, Jackson Odell, E. Porter, James
Johnson, T. Reeves Grant, Lee White, Marcellus White, John Porter,
(chaplain), Richard Craven, Jackson Craven, James Pointer, Wilson
Shreeve and brothers, were in various commands in the Confederate ser-
vice, enlisting in 1861 and 1862, and making excellent soldiers. They
took part in many engagements and skirmishes while in the service.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 293

George S. Ewing was a sergeant in company C, 3d Missouri infantry
(General Price's army). He enlisted in the fall of 1801, and was dis-
charged in the spring of 1865. He was in the battles of Corinth, Iuka,
Vicksburg, Baker's Creek, Georgia campaign, Franklin, Tennessee, and
other engagements. He was wounded in the battle of Franklin, Tennes-
see, and slightly wounded at New Hope, Georgia. On returning to Ray
county, Missouri, in the spring of 1865, he engaged in the business of
farming. He has been treasurer of Ray county two terms, since 1872.

Nathaniel D. Searcy was a private in company A, Colonel B. A.
Reeves' regiment. He enlisted in the summer of 1861. He was in the
battles of Carthage and Wilson's Creek. He was killed in the battle of
Wilson's Creek, August 10, 1861.

James L. Lewis was a private in company H, commanded by Captain
Parker, Colonel Reeves' regiment, Slack's division, General Price's
brigade. He enlisted in 1861, and was discharged in 1864. He was in
the battles of Lexington, Centralia, and Glasgow. He was captured at
Columbia, Missouri, in 1864, and held ten days and paroled.

J. L. Head was a private in company D, commanded by Captain John
Castleman, 2d Kentucky regiment cavalry, commanded by Colonel Basil
Duke, General Morgan's command. He enlisted, June 1, 1862, at Chat-
tanooga, Tennessee, for the war, and was discharged by surrender, at the
close of the war. He was in the battles of Drainsville, Virginia; Dan
No. 1 at Yorktown, Peninsula, Williamsburg, Snow Hill, Tennessee;
Hartsville, Tennessee; Gallatin, Tennessee; Lebanon, Kentucky; Augusta,
and several other engagements of less note. He was taken prisoner
at Springfield, Kentucky, on or about July 8, 1863, and held in prison at
Camp Douglas, Illinois, and exchanged March 2, 1865. He was once
previously captured in Kentucky, and held at Lexington, Kentucky, four
weeks, in a slave jail, converted into a prison by the federals, from which
he escaped.

William S. Tompkins, was a private in company F, Colonel B. A.
Rive's regiment, 4th division Missouri state guards and company B, in
the battalion commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Robert J. Woods, C. S.
A. He enlisted August 10, 1861, and surrendered May 26, 1865, at
Shreveport, Louisiana. He was in the battles of Oak Hills, Wilson's
Creek, Dry Wood, Lexington, Blue River, Westport, Maria des Cygnes
and Newtonia. He was wounded September 18, 1861, at Lexington,
Missouri. He was taken prisoner November 18, 1861, by Captain
Forbes of Missouri militia. Mr. Tompkins, since the close of the war,
has been engaged in the business of teaching school. He has acquired a
splendid reputation as a successful teacher. He is at present engaged as
teacher in the intermediate department in the Richmond graded schdol in
Richmond College, and has won golden opinions from the patrons of the

294 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

school as a model educator. He was county school commissioner of Ray
county for two years, from 1875 to 1877, and made a fine public officer.

William Baber, was a private in company A, 3d infantry, Missouri
volunteers, C. S. A. He enlisted December 7, 1861, and was discharged
May 22, 1865. He was in the battles of Lexington, Missouri; Pea Ridge,
Missouri; Port Gibson, Mississippi; Corinth, Iuka, Vicksburg, Mississippi;
Atlanta, Georgia; Franklin and Nashville, Tennessee. He was taken
prisoner at Vicksburg, Mississippi. After the war, he returned to Ray
county, Missouri for some time. At the present time he is engaged in the
business of grocer in Richmond, Missouri.

John A. Ross was ordinance sergeant in company A, commanded by
Captain David Boone, 1st battalion Missouri state guards, commanded by
Lieutenant-Colonel John W. Payne, 8th division, commanded by General
James S. Rains. He enlisted June 19, 1861, and re-enlisted June, 1863,
and was discharged June, 1863. He was in the battles of Dug Springs,
Wilson's Creek, Dry Wood, Lexington, Pea Ridge, Shiloh, and Farming-
ton. He was the first to find General Lyon on the battle-field of Wilson's
Creek. At Farmington, Mississippi, in consequence of having to wade
through swamps for a considerable length of time, his life was greatly
endangered.

Nathan H. Schooler, was a private in company C, commanded by
Captain Kelsey McDowell, in 3rd regiment, Missouri infantry volunteers.
He enlisted at Springfield, December, 1S61, and was discharged at Jack-
son, Mississippi, May 31, 1865. He was in the battles of Corinth, Farm-
ington, Iuka, second battle of Corinth, and several other skirmishes. He
was wounded at Corinth on the 4th of October, 1862, and disabled for two
years. He was taken prisoner at Springfield, and held two months. He
was again taken prisoner at the battle of Corinth the time he was wounded.
He was sick on two different times with fever on account of exposure in
the said service.

Arthur B. Elliott was a private in company A, commanded by Captain
Robt. J. Williams in 3d Missouri infantry volunteers. He enlisted in 1861
and was discharged in 1S65. He was in the battles of Pea Ridge, Corinth,
Iuka, Kenesaw Mountain, Allatoona, Georgia ; Vicksburg, Franklin,
Tennessee, Latimore farm or mills, Atlanta, Jonesboro, Baker Creek.
First taken prisoner at Vicksburg, next on picket line was captured.

John C. Burgess was a private in company A, commanded by Captain
Newton in 1st Missouri volunteers, in army of General Price. He enlisted
in 1861 and was discharged same year. He wras in the battles of Spring-
field, Carthage and Lexington.

Isaac H. Hale was a sergeant in General Price's army. He enlisted
June 16,1861, and was discharged July 1, 1865. He was in the battles of

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 295

Carthage, Wilson's Creek, Lexington, Pea Ridge, Prairie Grove, Helena
and Saline river, Arkansas.

John L; Harrison was a private in company A, 3d Missouri infantry-
volunteers, and subsequently in the partisan rangers, 1st Missouri cavalry,
company A. He enlisted December 7, 18G1, and was discharged from
prison Julv, 1864. He was in the battles of Sugar Creek, Arkansas,
October 17, 1862, Cotton Plant, Arkansas. While he was with the ran-
gers he was in the Ozark fight and the Gasconade fight. He was taken pris-
oner on Gasconade river on the 30th day of July, 1862. He was held as a
prisoner until June 30, 1864, when he was discharged from prison.

James Calvin Brown was a private in company A, commanded by
Robert J. Williams, in the 3d Missouri infantry volunteers. He enlisted
December 7, 1861, and was killed in the siege of Vicksburg, May 22, 1863.
He was an accomplished scholar, and gave bright promise of rising to
high distinction. He was a faithful, and gallant soldier, and greatly loved
by his comrades.

James Madison Suits was a private in company E, commanded by Cap-
tain Davidson in 1st Virginia battalion of infantry. He enlisted in May,
1863, and was discharged at Appomattox court house, April 9, 1865. He
was in the battle of Petersburg, Virginia; Hatcher's Run, Virginia; Cold
Harbor, Virginia, June 27, 1862, and other battles. He was made prisoner
at the surrender at Appomattox court house, April 9, 1865. and paroled.

B. F. Baber was a private in company A, commanded by Captain R.
J . Williams in 3d regiment of infantry, Missouri volunteers, first Missouri
brigade. He enlisted December 9, 1861, and was discharged at the close
of the war. He was in the battles of Lexington, Missouri, Pea Ridge,
Arkansas; Farmington, Mississippi; Iuka, Corinth, Grand Gulf, Port Gib-
son,*Vicksburg, and in all the battles in front of Sherman in Georgia,
Allatoona, Resaca, Egypt Station, Blakely, Alabama, last battle of the war,
April 1865. He was captured at Vicksburg the 4th of July, 1863, Blakely,
Alabama, April 9, 1865.

William H. Wilson, jvas in Quantrell's independent command, enlisted
in 1862, and was discharged in 1863. He was in the battle of Lone Jack,
in Jackson county Missouri, August 16, 1862.

John A. Wasson was a private in company G, sixteenth Mississippi
volunteers. He enlisted in 1861, and was discharged in 1865, by surrender.
He was in the battles of Front Royal, Virginia, Cross Keys, Virginia,
seven days battle near Richmond, Virginia; Manassas Gap, Virginia;
Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. He was twice captured, and held a prisoner
a short time. He was wounded in the battle of Cross Keys, in Virginia.

A. R. Chenault was a private in General Price's army. He enlisted in
the summer of 1861, and was discharged in the fall of 1S61. He was in
the battles of Booneville, Carthage, Wilson's Creek and Lexington. On

296 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

leaving the service, he followed the profession of teaching school for some
time, and afterward engaged in farming. He has been a very successful
farmer for some years, and owns a large farm near the Richmond and
Lexington Junction. He also carries on, to some extent, the mercantile
business at the R. and L. Junction.

William Cox was a private in company D, Colonel Hughes' regiment,
General Price's army, and afterward in the 1st Missouri brigade, com-
pany H, 3d regiment, Confederate infantry volunteers. He was in the
battles of Carthage, Wilson's Creek, Lexington, Kenesaw Mountain,
Georgia, and Atlanta, Georgia, and several other engagements. He was
taken prisoner twice ; first in Saline county, by Pleasonton, and kept in St.
Louis one month. He was next captured in Chariton county, Missouri,
and held eleven months in St. Louis, and then exchanged. He was
paroled after the surrender.

Martin V. Kite was a corporal in company H, commanded by Captain
Rippatoe, in the 33d Virginia volunteers, commanded by Colonel Cum-
mings, in General Stonewall Jackson's army. He enlisted at Lauray,
Page county, Virginia, in 1861, and continued in the service until the close
of the war, and the surrender of the Confederate troops. He was in the
first battle of Manassas, and in a number of skirmishes while under Mosby.
He was for some time in the hospital as steward, at Lynchburg.

Thomas R. Gant was a corporal in company C, 3d Missouri infantry
volunteers. He enlisted February 23, 1862. He was in the battles of
Elkhorn Tavern, Arkansas, second battle of Corinth, Iuka, Grand Gulf,
Hatchie Bridge, Big Black, siege of Vicksburg, Misssissippi; Atlanta,
Allatoona, Kenesaw Mountain, Georgia; and Franklin, Tennessee. He
was taken prisoner at Franklin, Tennessee, and was released at the close of'
the war, at Camp Chase, Ohio. Mr. Gant has been in business for some
years as a merchant in Vibbard, since the war, and has won the re-
spect and confidence of a large circle of friends.

Cyrus D. Grant was a corporal in company C, Third cavalry regiment.
He enlisted in said company September, 1861, and re-enlisted December,
1861, in company C, Third Missouri volunteer infantry, commanded by
Colonel B. A. Rives, Confederate service. He was in the battles of
Lexington, Pea Ridge, Corinth, first and second; battles of Vicksburg,
Grand Gulf, Black river Bridge, Peach Tree Creek, Kenesaw Mountain,
Atlanta, through the campaign in Georgia in front of Sherman. He served
under Johnson, Bragg, and Hood. He was wounded six times, princi-
pally flesh wounds. Was captured in the battle of Franklin. He was
discharged at the close of the war.

Thomas J. Brooks was a private in James Johnston's company, state
guards, Confederate service. Enlisted in June, 1861, and was dis-

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 297

charged December 2, 1861, and returned home. He was in the battle of
Lexington.

UNION SOLDIERS.

The number of volunteers furnished by Ray county for the Federal
army, is estimated at about 1,200. During the first year of the war the
recruits for the Union army in this county were not many. The counties
of Ray and Carroll, during the summer of 1861, furnished one company
of volunteers, who, under the command of Captain Dick Ridgell, did
service at Lexington, Missouri, until the surrender of General Mulligan to
General Sterling Price, September 20, 1861. Some other volunteers
from Ray county served in their companies at Lexington, at the time of
the memorable siege. In the first week of December, 1861, a large force
of Federal troops, under General B. M. Prentiss, passed through Ray
county, halting for a few days at Richmond. The night after their
arrival a company of volunteers was organized near the residence of
John Elliott, near Camden, in this county. This company was enrolled
on the 17th of December, 1861, and mustered into the service January,
12, 1862. Andrew Elliott was elected captain, who was afterward suc-
ceeded, September 28, 1862, by Captain George N. McGee. This coip-
pany was company A, 3d Missouri state militia cavalry.

The next company of volunteers, Missouri state militia cavalry, 3d reg-
iment, was company B, mustered into service January 12, 1862, and
commanded by Captain Abraham Allen, who was afterward promoted
to be major of the 3d Missouri state militia cavalry, Captain Eli Hughes
being the captain of said company B, which was afterward company K,
of the 6th Missouri state militia cavalry.

The next company was company D, same regiment, commanded by
Captain Austin A. King, jr., afterward colonel of the 13th Missouri vet-
eran cavalry volunteers.

These companies were in the old 3d Missouri state militia cavalry, com-
manded by Colonel Walter King, until consolidated, in accordance with
special order No. 12, from headquarters of Missouri; February 1, 1863,
they became part of the 6th regiment Missouri state militia cavalry, com-
manded by Colonel E. C. Catherwood, and companies A and B became
in the said 6th regiment companies I and K respectively; and companv
D of the 3d regiment was distributed among the different companies of
the 6th Missouri state militia cavalry.

Company D of the 6th Missouri state militia cavalry, was from Ray
county, and commanded at first by Captain William F. Kelso, who was
succeeded by Captain Samuel E. Lanier.

Ray county also furnished a large number of recruits for company D,
Captain James M. Morganson, 35th Missouri volunteers; company F,
19

298 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

10th Missouri cavalry volunteers, Captain Fred R. Neet; company D,
12th regiment cavalry Missouri volunteers, Captain Charles Ernst; com-
panies B and D, 13th Missouri cavalry, Captains Joel H. Shelley and John
E. Mayo, respectively; company I, 26th Missouri infantry volunteers,
Captain John McFall; companies B, F, and H, 41th regiment Missouri
volunteers, Captains William Drumhiller, Isaac N. Henry, and Wm. D.
Fortune, respectively.

Ray county also furnished a number of recruits for Kansas regiments.
In addition to these, Ray county furnished a regiment of enrolled militia,
the 51st E. M. M.. ten companies, that were frequently called into active
service until the close of the war.

In July, 1862, James W. Black was appointed and commissioned
enrolling officer of Ray county, and mustering officer by General Benja-
min Loan.

The enrollment of all male persons in Ray county, between the ages of
eighteen and forty-five years, was commenced July 21, 1862, and com-
pleted in the month following.

In August, 1862, a sufficient number of companies of the enrolled mili-
tia, had been mustered in by J. W. Black, mustering officer, to form a reg-
iment. The 51st regiment of enrolled Missouri militia was, therefore,
duly organized. Two companies, Co's. I and K, were afterward mus-
tered in, making ten companies in all, in said regiment.

On application of James W. Black, arms and equipments were fur-
nished the 51st regiment E. M. M., in October, 1862, from the ordinance
department of the state of Missouri, by order of Governor Hamilton R.
Gamble. Also a considerable supply of clothing, blankets, &c, were fur-
nished at the same time, from the quartermaster's department, of the state
of Missouri, Colonel E. Anson Moore being quartermaster general of
Missouri.

The regimental officers and company officers of the 51st regiment E.
M. M., were as follows:

FIFTY-FIRST REGIMENT E. M. M.

A. J. Barr, colonel, commissioned October 2, 1862; vacated March 12,
1865.

James W. Black, lieutenant colonel, November 9, 1863; vacated March
12, 1865.

John Grimes, major, October 2, 1862; vacated March 12, 1865.

Rufus B. Finley, adjutant, December 12, 1862; vacated by special
order 126, 1864.

Joseph E. Black, adjutant, September 17, 1864; vacated March 12,
1865.

Elisha Riggs, quartermaster, December 12, 1862; vacated March 12,
1865.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 299

Wm. W. Mosby, surgeon, October 28, 1862; vacated by special order
126, 1864.

Wm. W. Mosby, surgeon, August 10, 1864; vacated by special order
126, 1864.

COMPANY A.

Clayton Tiffin, captain, October 2, 1862; detailed to 4th provisional
regiment by S. O. No. 41, 7th district.

S. C. L. Watkins, first lieutenant, August 20, 1863; vacated March 12,
1865.

Isaac McKown, second lieutenant, October 2, 1862; detailed to 4th
provisional regiment by S. O. No. 41, 7th district.

COMPANY B.

Martin T. Reel, captain, October 2, 1862; vacated March 12, 1865.

G. W. Ray, first lieutenant, October 2, 1862; detailed to 4th provisional
regiment by S. O. No. 47, 7th district.

G. W. Haven, second lieutenant, June 16, 1863; vacated March 12,
1865.

COMPANY C.

John Sacry, captain, October 2, 1862; vacated March 12, 1865.

Asa Brockman, first lieutenant, October 2, 1862; vacated March 12,
1865.

Anderson Elliott, second lieutenant, October 2, 1862; vacated March
12, 1865.

COMPANY D.

John Hawkins, captain, October 2, 1862; vacated March 12, 1865.

James T. Lemar, first lieutenant, October 2, 1862; vacated March 12,
1865.

Jesse C. Tunnage, second lieutenant, October 2, 1862; killed by guer-
rillas July 18, 1864.

Wm. T. Gant, second lieutenant, August 3, 1864; vacated March 12,
1865.

COMPANY E.

Patten Colley, captain, October 2, 1862; vacated March 12, 1865.

John McKissock, first lieutenant, October 2, 1862; detailed to 4th pro-
visional regiment by S. O. No. 47.

Miles Bristow, second lieutenant, October 2, 1862; vacated March 12,
1865.

COMPANY F.

D. P. Whitmer, captain, October 2, 1862; detailed to 4th provisional
regiment by S. O. No. 47, 7th military district.

John D. Page, first lieutenant, October 2, 1862; killed in action July 8,
1864. •

300 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY .

William F. Rolston, first lieutenant, July 9, 1864; vacated March 12,
1865.

William F. Rolston, second lieutenant, October 2, 1862; promoted to
first lieutenant July 14, 1864.

Robert F. H. Goode, second lieutenant, July 19, 1864; vacated March
12, 1865.

COMPANY G.

W. P. Milstead, captain, November 22, 1862; vacated by S. O. No.
126, July 28, 1864.

Lee Henry, captain, September 24, 1864; vacated March 12, 1865.

William Stone, first lieutenant, November 22, 1862; resigned April 22,
1864.

James Baker, first lieutenant, July 14, 1864; vacated March 12, 1866.

Lee Henry, second lieutenant, October 2, 1862; revoked by S. O. No.
126, 1864.

Jacob Lebo, second lieutenant, August 3, 1864; vacated March 12, 1865.

COMPANY H.

W. W. Mosby, captain, August 19, 1864; vacated March 12, 1865.

Solomon Craven, first lieutenant, October 2, 1862; vacated by special
order No. 126, July 28, 1864.

Stephen Lewis, first lieutenant, August 3, 1864; vacated March 12, 1865.

John W. Shotwell, second lieutenant, October 2, 3 862; vacated by S.
O. No. 126, July 28, 1864.

G. A. Sanford, second lieutenant, August 3, 1864; vacated March 12,
1865.

COMPANY I.

J. E. Henderson, captain, December 13, 1862; vacated by S. O. No.
126, July 28, 1864.

John H. Cramer, captain, August 6, 1864; vacated March 12, 1865.

David Comer, first lieutenant, December 13, 1862; revoked by S. O.
No. 126, July 28, 1864.

Willy Basham, first lieutenant, August 8, 1864; vacated March 12, 1865.

Thomas Baker, second lieutenant, December 13, 1862; vacated by S.
O. No. 126, July 28, 1864.

J. H. McGlothlin, second lieutenant, August 6, 1864; vacated March 12,
1865.

COMPANY K.

Andrew J. Connor, captain, December 31, 1862; vacated March 12,
1865.

Burton Snowden, first lieutenant, December 31, 1862; vacated by S. O.
No. 126, July 28, 1864.

Marion Phillips, second lieutenant, December 31, 1862; vacated by S.
O. July 28, 1864.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 301

In July, 1863, James W. Black was appointed provost marshal of Ray
county, Missouri, by Hon. Abram Comingo, provost marshal of the sixth
district of Missouri, under the conscription act of congress, with orders
to proceed to enrolling all mafe persons in Ray county, between the ages
of eighteen and forty-five years, in three different classes, as specified in
said orders, by suitable enrolling officers. In furtherance of these orders,
J. W. Black appointed the following enrolling officers:

Richmond township — Joseph E. Black.

Camden and Fishing River townships — William A. Rothrock.

Knoxville and Polk townships — Oscar White.

Grape Grove and Crooked River townships — John N. Craven.

The enrollment of the county was completed in the fall of 1863, and a
full report made to District Provost Marshal Captain Abram Comingo, at
Lexington, Missouri. A draft was not ordered until the spring of 1865,
and only a few persons were drafted from Ray county. The war coming
to a close shortly after, the drafted men were not required for the service.

In the fall and winter of 1863, a large number of colored soldiers were
recruited from Ray county, and mustered into the service in St. Louis,
Missouri, (Benton barracks.) They were assigned to duty and did service
in the 18th, 62d, 65th, 67th, and 68th regiments, United States colored
troops. Companies A and B, 62d United States colored troops, and
company A, 67th United States colored troops, were composed largely of
colored troops, recruited from Ray county, Missouri, and continued in the
service until after the close of the war.

The first engagement in Ray county, Missouri, was in October, 1861,
and was called McVeigh's fight, from the name of the farmer who owned
the farm near the scene of the fight, about six miles northeast of Knox-
ville, Missouri. The forces engaged were a portion of Major M. L.
James' battalion of six months' men, on the side of the government, against
Colonel John Bagby's and Captain Lewis M. Beet's force of Confederate
recruits. It was a spirited little fight for a short time, but resulted in very
little injury on either side.

During the summer and fall of 1864, large bodies of guerrillas, under
command of Todd, Thailkeld, Bill Anderson, and other noted leaders,
passed through the county at different times, committing some depreda-
tions, and once in a while having an engagement with the Ray county
enrolled Missouri militia.

On September 18, 1861, a portion of company F, 51st E. M. M., that
were stationed at "Shaw's Shop " (Morton), in the eastern part of Ray
county, under command of Lieutenant William F. Rallston, of said com-
pany F, were surprised by a large force of guerrillas, under command of
Todd. Before a retreat could be effected, a number of the soldiers of
Lieutenant Rallston's command were killed. The following are the

302 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

names of the soldiers killed in this action: William W. Harris, Elias
McBee, Napoleon B. Petty, Joseph S. Salmon, John H. Phillips, and
Nicholas C. Lozier.

The guerrillas met with but slight loss, only one of their men being
severely wounded. Robert P. Endsley, of company F, was taken pris-
oner by the guerrillas, and after being detained some time, was released
by them.

The complete surprise at Shaw's Shop of company F, was owing to
the guerrillas being clothed in Federal uniforms, and deceiving the
pickets.

On the 17th of July, 1864, an engagement took place near Fredericks-
burg, Ray county, not far from the Ray and Clay county line. The forces
engaged were Captain Moses' company (company M), of the 2d Colo-
rado cavalry volunteers, and a large force of guerrillas and Confederates,
amounting to about 300 in all, under command of Colonel Thailkeld.
Captain Moses' company was badly routed, with the loss of six men killed
and several wounded. The superior force of Colonel Thailkeld com-
pelled a rapid retreat of the company.

After the engagement, Thailkeld, with his command, marched rapidly
in the direction of Richmond, Missouri, deflecting from their course at
Elkhorn, in order to capture a company of men at Albany, Ray county,
that had been recruited for the 44th Missouri volunteers (company B).

They were, however, disappointed in capturing the company, as it had
left Albany, and taken up its line of march for the assistance of the gar-
rison at Richmond. They then returned the morning following, to the
Richmond road.

The news of the heavy force approaching Richmond was received
there on Sunday, about 2 o'clock in the afternoon, and caused considerable
alarm, as there were only thirty men of company F, 51st E. M. M., to
guard the post, a number of the soldiers being on duty elsewhere at.
that time.

Captain David P. Whitmer was in command of the forces at Richmond r
and made vigorous efforts to defend the post. He sent for reinforcements
to Lexington, Missouri, and an urgent call for the company at Albany,
Missouri, to come to his assistance. The company at Albany came at
once that evening, but no reinforcements from Lexington, (Colonel
McFerran commanding there) until the next day.

The citizens of Richmond and vicinity were called upon by Captain
Whitmer for assistance in protecting the city from the great danger
threatened, and a large number of them nobly responded to the call.
The small force of soldiers and citizens that had volunteered for the
defense of the place, lay on their arms all that night, expecting an attack
of the enemy at every moment. On the Monday morning following,.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 303

Captain Clayton Tiffin, who had been stationed at Liberty, Clay county,
Missouri, with his company C, of the 4th provisional regiment, arrived
with his company, and was shortly followed by a battalion of the 2d
Col. cavalry volunteers, under command of Major Prichard, and strongly
reinforced the brave little garrison. The attack of the enemy was
anxiously awaited, but Colonel Thailkeld, rinding the force too strong
for him, changed his line of march, leaving the Richmond road, three
miles west of Richmond; he took a northeast course, crossing the Knox-
ville road north of Richmond, at Yokum's farm.

Major Prichard, on learning this, gave hot pursuit of the enemy with
his battalion of the 2d Col. cavalry volunteers.

Captain Whitmer and his brave little garrison of thirty men, and the
citizens of Richmond, who rallied to his assistance in defending their city
from the threatened danger at that time, were highly complimented for
their gallantry, as also, were Major Abraham Allen, Captain C. Tiffin,
Major Prichard and others, who had so promptly and rapidly marched
to the assistance of the garrison and the rescue of Richmond.

On the 8th of July, 1864, a portion of company F, 51st E. M. M.,
engaged a considerable force of bushwhackers.

Lieutenant John D. Page, of company F, while making a charge with
some of his men, was drawn into an ambuscade, and received a heavy
fire from the concealed enemy. In this fight Lieutenant Page was killed,
Lieutenant Robert F. Goode badly wounded, and William Fields badly
wounded, who afterward died of his wounds. Lieutenant John D. Page
was an active, energetic officer, performed fine service in his company,
and was greatly endeared to his fellow soldiers.

On the 15th of July, 1864, an engagement took place on Waconda
creek, in Carroll county, Missouri, with the forces under the command of
Captain Clayton Tiffin, and a large body of bushwhackers, under the
command of Bill Anderson. After a short but stubborn fight, the bush-
whackers were repulsed, and dislodged from their well selected position.
In this engagement James A. Hess was killed. He was a recruit for
company B, 44th Missouri volunteers, that was then organizing. Howell
Searcy, Joel Spitzer, and a number of others were also killed in this
engagement, and George W. Elliott and others badly wounded.

October 27, 1864, a heavy force of guerrillas, under the command of
Bill Anderson, were repulsed near Albany, Ray county, by a portion of
the 51st regiment, E. M. M., commanded by Major John Grimes, and a
portion of the Daviess company E. M. M., commanded by Major Samuel
P. Cox, of the 1st cavalry, M. S. M. In this engagement Bill Anderson,
the noted bushwhacker, was killed, while making a desperate charge.
The Ray county troops and the Daviess county troops in the action,
behaved with great coolness and gallantry. The arrangement of the

304 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

forces, and the planning of the method in which the attack was to be
brought on, were well conceived, and admirably carried out. They
reflected the highest honor upon the officers in command. On the fall of
their leader, the bushwhackers, who had met with some loss from the
well directed fire of the Ray county and Daviess county troops, made a
hasty retreat, and left Ray county that night.

The last engagement in Ray county, Missouri, was about six miles
northeast of Richmond, near Dr. Horace King's farm, on the 23d of May,
1865. The forces engaged were a portion of Captain Clayton Tiffin's
command and a force of guerrillas under the command of Arch Clemens.
It was a sharp engagement for a short time, and resulted in the rout of
the guerrillas.

In this engagement Madison S. Walker was killed. He had been a
private in company D, 35th Missouri volunteers and 5th regiment of vet-
eran reserve corps, and volunteered in the spring of 1865, in Captain
Tiffin's company.

On the following day after the fight a force of volunteers from Rich-
mond gave Arch Clemens and the bushwhackers a hot pursuit.

This engagement of Captain Tiffin's company with Arch Clemens'
command on the 23d day of May, 1865, was emphatically the last one of
the war.

Captain Clayton Tiffin's company was the last one in active service in
Ray county, Missouri. It was an efficient company in every respect, and
performed splendid service during the war. The captain won a deserv-
ing reputation for gallantry and bravery in his long term of service, and
is greatly endeared to troops of friends.

Captain Patton Colley, of company E, 51st regiment, E. M. M. ; Lieu-
tenant John D. Page, of company F, and Lieutenant Jesse C. Tunnage,
of company D, same regiment, were killed by guerrillas in July, 1864.

Simon McKissack, company B, 3d M. S. M. cavalry, was killed at
Springfield, January 8, 1863.

Lieutenant Riley B. Riggs, company K, 6th M. S. M. cavalry volun-
teers, was killed October 9, 1864.

Thomas H. Elliott, of same company, was killed October 23, 1864, near
Jefferson City at the time of the invasion of Missouri by General Sterling
Price.

Lieutenant John McKissack, company B, 44th Missouri volunteers, was
killed at Spanish Fort, Alabama.

FLAG PRESENTATIONS.

At the time General B. M. Prentiss passed through Camden, Ray

county, December 5, 1861, with a large Federal force, the Union ladies of

the place presented him with a beautiful flag of the stars and stripes that

they had wrought. The general, on receiving it, made a most eloquent

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 305

speech, paying a beautiful tribute to the patriotism of the ladies, com-
plimenting them highly for their efforts in behalf of their country; that
it was the first mark of encouragement and sympathy his troops had
received on their march from St. Joseph down to that place; that they
would bear it to battle with them, and amid charging squadrons, the roar
of artillery, and the clashing of steel in the fiery conflict of contending
armies, they would proudly bear it aloft, and in gazing on its proud folds
remember the noble donors, the fair and patriotic ladies of Camden .

In April, 1862, a beautiful union flag was presented company A, 3d M.
S. M. cavalry volunteers, commanded by Captain Andrew Elliott, by the
ladies of Camden, near the residence of Willis Warriner, Esq., on the
lofty eminence overlooking the Missouri river.

J. W. Black, on behalf of the ladies of Camden, presented the flag to the
soldiers of company A, with a neat and appropriate speech, as they were
drawn up in a long and imposing line. It was received by them with
great enthusiasm, and borne by them as the banner of their company
through their long and arduous campaigns in southwest Missouri.

On returning home after the close of the war, this flag was brought
with them, and is now in the possession of one of the old soldiers of com-
pany A, that afterward was company L, of the 6th M. S. M. cavalry
volunteers.

From the foregoing pages it will be seen that Ray county furnished a
large number of soldiers for both the armies of the Federal government,
and the southern Confederacy, and wherever her sons served they did
their duty well.

After peace was restored in 1865, the sublime spectacle was presented
of the soldiers of the " blue and gray " living peaceably together and fol-
lowing the same pursuits, glorying in the same common country, its pro-
gress and renown, its great present and unbounded future.

The Missouri militia in the counties of Ray, Clay, Platte and Clinton,
were organized in 1865 by Robert S. Moore, colonel 14th regiment, Mis-
souri militia, and Joseph E. Black, adjutant 1st regiment M. M.

The war having closed shortly after this organization of the Missouri
militia was completed, they were not required to perform any active
service.

The following are the names of the officers and privates who composed
company B, 3d regiment, Missouri state militia volunteers. This com-
pany was organized in December, 1861, and was mustered into the service
of the United States in January, 1862, commanded by Captain Abraham
Allen, who was afterward promoted to be major of the 3d Missouri state
militia cavalry. The officers of the company when mustered into the
service in January, 1862, were Abraham Allen, captain, to rank from

306 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

January 11, 1862; Eli Hughes, 1st lieutenant, to rank from January 11,
1862; Riley B. Riggs, 2d lieutenant, to rank from January 11, 1862.

On promotion of Captain Abraham Allen to be major of 3d regiment,
M. S. M. cavalry, to rank from June 12, 1862, Eli Hughes became captain
of company B, to rank from July 1, 1862; Riley B. Riggs, became first
lieutenant of company B, to rank from July 1, 1862; Wm. N. Perkins
became second lieutenant of company B, to rank from July 1, 1862.

This company was in the 3d regiment of Missouri state militia volun-
teers, commanded by Colonel Walter King, until consolidated in accord-
ance with special order number twelve, from headquarters state of Mis-
souri, adjutant-general's office, St. Louis, Missouri, February 4, 1863,
when company B, of the third M. S. M. cavalry volunteers was attached
to 6th regiment, Missouri state militia volunteers as company K, in said
6th regiment.

PRIVATES IN COMPANY B.

David O. Wallace, first sergeant, enrolled January 12, 1862, at Rich-
mond, Missouri.

George P. Cleavenger, second sergeant, enrolled January 11, 1862, at
Richmond, Missouri.

David McGuire, third sergeant, enrolled March 7, 1862, at Richmond,
Missouri.

Ambrose M. Watkins, fourth sergeant, enrolled January 1, 1862, at
Richmond, Missouri.

James H. Fountain, sergeant, enrolled January 8, 1862, at Richmond,
Missouri.

Andrew J. Odell, sergeant, enrolled January 11, 1862, at Richmond,
Missouri.

Abraham Zimmerman, sergeant, enrolled January 1, 1862, at Richmond,
Missouri.

James B. Bowlen, sergeant, enrolled January 8, 1862, at Richmond,
Missouri.

William S. Gross, corporal, enrolled January 11, 1862, at Richmond,
Missouri.

William Scoggins, corporal, enrolled January 9, 1862, at Richmond,
Missouri.

Alfred W. Boon, corporal, enrolled January 11, 1862, at Richmond,
Missouri.

John T. Soggins, corporal, enrolled January 9, 1862, at Richmond,
Missouri.

John W. Nelson, corporal, enrolled January 1, 1861, at Richmond,
Missouri.

Joseph Proffitt, corporal, enrolled January 11, 1862, at Richmond,
Misouri.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 307

Aaron Odell, corporal, enrolled February 17, 1862, Richmond, Missouri.

Christian Overman, corporal, enrolled January 11, 1862, at Richmond,
Missouri.

John H. Hightower, bugler, enrolled April 22, 1862, at Richmond,
Missouri.

Jeremiah A. Burchett, bugler, enrolled October 22, 1862, at Springfield,
Missouri.

William J. Huchison, company smith, enrolled March 27, 1862, at
Richmond, Missouri.

William E. Allbright, private, enrolled January 1, 1862, at Richmond,
Missouri.

Austin P. Boon, private, enrolled January 11, 1862, at Richmond,
Missouri.

William A. Bogart, private, enrolled March 22, 1862, at Richmond,
Missouri.

Elijah Burgess, private, enrolled January 1, 1862, at Richmond, Missouri.

William Burnes, private, enrolled January 11, 1862, at Richmond,
Missouri.

Joseph Campbell, private, enrolled January 1, 1862, at Richmond,
Missouri.

James H. Campbell, private, enrolled January 1, 1862, at Richmond,
Missouri.

George W. Coombes, private, enrolled January 1, 1862, at Richmond,
Missouri.

Hiram M. Clark, private, enrolled January 11, 1862, at Richmond,
Missouri.

Richard B. Clarke, private, enrolled January 1, 1862, at Richmond,
Missouri.

George Cleavenger, private, enrolled January 11, 1862, at Richmond,
Missouri.

William Dickie, private, enrolled January 11, 1862, at Richmond,.
Missouri.

Thomas H. Elliott, private, enrolled January 11, 1862, at Richmond,
Missouri.

John W. Earl, private, enrolled April 22, 1862, at Richmond, Missouri.

Thomas J. Francis, private, enrolled January 9, 1862, at Richmond,
Missouri.

William Free, private, enrolled April 2, 1862, at Richmond, Missouri.

Stephen J. Francis, private, enrolled January 24, 1862, at Springfield,
Missouri.

William R. Gross, private, enrolled January 11, 1862, at Richmond,
Missouri.

James P. Gross, private, enrolled May 21, 1863, at Richmond, Missouri.

308 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

Jesse W. Goodman, private, enrolled January 11, 1862, at Richmond,
Missouri.

Moses Hess, private, enrolled April 22, 1862, at Richmond, Missouri.

Thomas H. Jones, private, enrolled December 31, 1861, at Richmond,
Missouri.

Thomas H. Lile, private, enrolled January 11, 1862, at Richmond,
Missouri.

Daniel P. Miller, private, enrolled January 11, 1862, at Richmond,
Missouri.

Edwin Munn, private, enolled January 11, 1862, at Richmond, Missouri.

Monroe B. Monaghan, private, enrolled January 9, 1862, at Richmond,
Missouri.

William C. Mullican, private, enrolled January 1, 1862, at Richmond,
Missouri.

David Odell, private, enrolled January 11, 1862, at Richmond, Missouri.

John Odell, private, enrolled March 7, 1862, at Richmond Missouri.

William R. Odell, private, enrolled November 27, 1863, at Richmond,
Missouri.

George Olive, private, enrolled January 11, 1862, at Richmond, Missouri.

Charles Overman, private, enrolled January 11, 1862, at Richmond,
Missouri. ♦

James Phoster, (James Foster) private, enrolled January, 1862, at Rich-
mond, Missouri.

George W. Pearce, private, enrolled November 26, 1862, at Richmond,
Missouri.

Jesse Quirk, private, enrolled April 2, 1862, at Richmond, Missouri.

Lyman H. Roland, private, enrolled January 11, 1862, at Richmond,
Missouri.

Jesse E. Rowland, private, enrolled January 1, 1862, at Richmond,
Missouri.

John Riggs, private, enrolled January 11, 1862, at Richmond, Missouri.

Harvey C. Ray, private, enrolled January 11, 1862, at Richmond, Mis-
souri.

George Robertson, private, enrolled March 2, 1862, at Richmond Mis-
souri.

George R. Rowland, private, enrolled November 27, 1863, at Springfield,
Missouri.

James H. Stonns, private, enrolled January 8, 1862, at Richmond, Mis-
souri.

Arthur Stonns, private, enrolled February 25, 1862, at Richmond, Mis-
souri.

Thomas Sutton, private, enrolled April 22, 1862, at Richmond, Missouri.

Jas. A. Smart, private, enrolled March, 7, 1862, at Richmond, Missouri.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 309

Jonas Taylor, private, enrolled January 1, 1862, at Richmond, Missouri.

William E. Tegarden, private, enrolled January I, 1862, at Richmond,
Missouri.

Thomas Thacker, private, enrolled January 1, 1862, at Richmond, Mis-
souri.

James L. Tucker, private, enrolled January 11, 1862, at Richmond,
Missouri.

William D. Tarwater, private, enrolled November 27, 1862, at Spring-
field, Missouri.

John E. Trendle, private, enrolled November 27, 1862, at Springfield,
Missouri.

O. H. P. Vanosdoll, private, enrolled January 1, 1862, at Richmond,
Missouri.

Joseph Woods, private, enrolled January 11, 1862, at Richmond, Mis-
souri.

Sam'l Woods, private, enrolled January 11, 1862, at Richmond, Missouri.

John T. Warmoth, private, enrolled January 11, 1862, at Richmond,
Missouri.

Lawson H. Worthington, private, enrolled March 15, 1862, at Rich-
mond, Missouri.

James O. Wallace, private, enrolled May 21, 1863, at Richmond, Mis-
souri.

John T. Wallace, private, enrolled May 24, 1863, at Richmond, Mis-
souri.

Isaac A. Watkins, private, enrolled January 1, 1862, at Richmond,
Missouri.

William R. Lloyd, prfvate, enrolled January 25, 1864, at Springfield,
Missouri.

Jacob B. Kunkle, William Wilburn, John Hightower, Jesse E. Row-
land.

This company performed fine service in southwest Missouri and north-
west Arkansas, and was in many engagements and skirmishes, until the
expiration of its term of service in February, 1865. All its officers per-
formed their duty well. Captain Eli Hughes made a fine record as a
gallant and brave officer, and was honorably discharged from the service,
greatly beloved by his men. He is now one of the most valuable citizens
of the county.

Company A, of the 3d M. S. M. cavalry volunteers, was mustered into
the service at Chillicothe, Missouri, January 12, 1862, having volunteered
for service December 17, 1861. After performing valuable service as
company A, 3d M. S. M. Cavalry, it was consolidated with the 6th regi-
ment, M. S. M. cavalry volunteers, by special order No. 12 from head-
quarters of state of Missouri, dated February 4, 1863, and became com-

310 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

pany I, in said 6th M. S. M. cavalry volunteers. Company A was
commanded by Captain Andrew Elliott until September 15, 1862, when
he resigned. Captain George N. McGee was elected by the company to
fill his place September 24, 1862. Joseph H. Jackson was first lieutenant
of company A, which position he also held in company I, after consolida-
tion with 6th M. S. M. cavalry volunteers, until he resigned, February 19,
1864. Arthur T. Parker was second lieutenant until April 18, 1863.
Robert P. Ballew was second lieutenant from March 15, 1863, until he
resigned, May 20, 1864.

The following is a list of the soldiers in company I, 6th M. S. M.
cavalry volunteers, at the time the company was mustered out of the ser-
vice, January 16, 1865. A large number of the soldiers of the company
enlisted in the veteran service, in 1864, mainly in the 13th regiment vet-
eran cavalry volunteers.

George N. McGee, captain, enlisted at Camden, Missouri, December
17, 1861.

Nathaniel H. Rone, first sergeant, enlisted at Camden, Missouri,
December 17, 1861.

William C. Reaves, commissary sergeant, enlisted at Camden, Missouri,
December 17, 1861.

Granville Linnville, sergeant, enlisted at Camden, Missouri, December

17, 1861.

Daniel McKay, sergeant, enlisted at Camden, Missouri, December 17,
1861.

Matthew Burnett, sergeant, enlisted at Camden, Missouri, December
17, 1S61

Benjamin S. Proffitt, corporal, enlisted at Camden, Missouri, December
17, 1861.

Thomas H. Clements, corporal, enlisted at Camden, Missouri, Decem-
ber 17, 1861.

Charles H. Larkey, corporal, enlisted at Camden, Missouri, December
17, 1861.

Levi Harris, corporal, enlisted at Camden, Missouri, December 17,
1861.

Richard Adams, private, enlisted at Camden, Missouri, December 17,
1861.

Isaac Burnett, private, enlisted at Camden, Missouri, December 17,
1861.

Andrew Bailey, private, enlisted at Camden, Missouri, December 17,
1861.

Harden S. Bailey, private, enlisted at Camden, Missouri, December 17,
1861.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 311

John H. Cooper, private, enlisted at Camden, Missouri, December 17,
1861.

James M. Harvey, private, enlisted at Camden, Missouri, December
17, 1861.

Melancthon Haskell, private, enlisted at Camden, Missouri, December
17, 1861.

Edward Larkey, private, enlisted at Camden, Missouri, December 17
1861.

Colonel Megonogel, private, enlisted at Camden, Missouri, December
17, 1861.

Lenhart Powless, private, enlisted at Camden, Missouri, December 17,
1861.

John Parks, private, enlisted at Camden, Missouri, December 17, 1861.

Josiah P. Tribble, private, enlisted at Camden, Missouri, December 17,
1861.

Captain George N. McGee, captain of company A, 3d M. S. M. cav-
alry volunteers, afterward company I, 6th M. S. M. cavalry volunteers,
enlisted in company A as a private, but from his fine qualities as a soldier
became a great favorite with all his felfow soldiers, so that on the resigna-
tion of Captain Andrew Elliott, in September, 1862, he was elected to the
position of captain, which he filled with honor and ability, until he was mus-
tered out of the service, January 6, 1865. He won a splendid reputation
for all the admirable qualities of a noble officer while in the service. On
coming home, after he was honorably discharged from the service, he
settled down quietly to the pursuits of civil life. His fellow citizens, how-
ever, did not suffer him to remain in private life long. In the fall of 1866,
he was elected clerk of the county court of Ray county, which position he
held for six years, discharging his duties in the most eminently satisfactory
manner. He was secretary of the school board of directors of Richmond
graded school for many years, and did much by his liberal and energetic
course to promote the interests of the Richmond schools. He was, in
every sense of the term, a good citizen. He died, August 1, 1S80, after a
short illness, greatly mourned, not only by his relatives, but by almost
every one that knew him.

SOME NAMES OF SOLDIERS IN FEDERAL SERVICE DURING THE LATE

CIVIL WAR.

Joseph Campbell was a private in company B, 3d regiment Missouri
state militia cavalry volunteers ; afterward company K, 6th Missouri state
militia cavalry volunteers. He enlisted in January, 1862, and was dis-
charged in January, 1865. He was in the battles of Springfield, Missouri,
and Neosho, Missouri. He was taken prisoner by General Shelby at
Neosho, Missouri, October, 4, 1863.

312 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

William P. Cook was adjutant in the 3d M. S. M. cavalry, commanded
by Colonel Walter King. He enlisted in December, 1861, and was dis-
charged in November, 1862.

Thomas J. Youngblood was a private in company D, 6th M. S. M.
cavalry volunteers. He enlisted December 18, 1864, and was discharged
July 18, 1865.

G. B. Thacker, was a private in company B, 3d M. S. M. cavalry vol-
unteers. He enlisted January, 1862, at Chillicothe, Missouri, and was
discharged December 18, 1862, at Springfield, Missouri. He was injured
by a horse falling with him while in the service, and was disabled for ser-
vice on account thereof.

Wm. J. Smith was a private in company A, Colonel James McFerrin's
regiment, 1st regiment M. S. M. cavalry volunteers. He enlisted in
1862, and was discharged in 1865.

J. W. Goodman was a private in company B, 3d regiment M. S. M.
cavalry volunteers. He enlisted in said company B, commanded by
Captain Abraham Allen, afterward by Captain Eli Hughes, January 9,
1862, and was discharged May 27, 1865.

Daniel Cleavenger was first sergeant in company A, in 44th Missouri
volunteers. He enlisted August, 1864, and was discharged August, 1865.

Matthew Lile, was a private in company F, 44th Missouri volunteers.
He enlisted in August, 1864, and was discharged in August, 1865. He
was in the battle of Franklin, Tennessee. He died in 1872, from disease con-
tracted in the service.

Robert M. Lile was a private in the enrolled Missouri militia for a
short time, and then entered the volunteer United States service. He en-
listed as a private in company F, 44th Missouri volunteers, in August,
1864, and was discharged August, 1865. He was in no battles.

Jesse T. Roberts was orderly sergeant in Captain B. Dillon's company,
1st Kentucky cavalry U. S. A. He enlisted at Camp Dick Robinson,
Kentucky, August 16, 1861, and was discharged at Crab Orchard, Ken-
tucky, in November 21, 1861, on account of disability caused by putting a
blacksmith's forge into a wagon, November 1, 1861. He was in the battle
of Wild Cat, Kentucky, October 21, 1861.

William H. Callison, was a private in company D, commanded by Cap-
tain Robert L. Butts, 16th regiment Missouri cavalry volunteers. He
volunteered at Marshfield, Webster county, Missouri, on or about the 27th
of May, 1864, and was discharged at Springfield, Missouri on or about
the 30th of June, 1865. He bore an honorable part in every engagement
that took place in the pursuit of General Price from Jefferson City, until
he was driven from the state; he was along with his company and regi-
ment in the advance on Booneville, on the extreme right of the advance
at Independence, and also at the battle of the Big Blue, where his regi-

rui JBflART

A4TOK, LKNOX

QEN FOUNDATIONS

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s?^&<^y~£vc.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 313

ment made a brilliant sabre charge upon an overwhelming number of the
Confederates. He is now a farmer in Ray county, Missouri.

Henry T. Whelchel, was a private in company D, 16th regiment Mis-
souri cavalry volunteers. He enlisted at Marshfield,Webster county, Mis-
souri, on or about the 27th day of , 1864, and was discharged on or

about the 30th day of June, 1865, at Springfield, Missouri. He partici-
pated in every engagement that took place in the pursuit of General Ster-
ling Price, from Jefferson City, until his army was driven from the state in
the memorable campaign of 1864, called the " Price Raid." He is now a
farmer in Ray county, Missouri.

Walter F. Becker, was a private in company L, of the 2d California
cavalry volunteers. His company was commanded by Captain A.
Brown. He enlisted September 24, 1862, and was discharged at Fort
Laramie in 1865. He was in numerous skirmishes with Indians on the
plains. He was wounded by an arrow in the left jaw in an Indian skir-
mish.

A. J. Narramore, was a sergeant in the 51st regiment, E. M. M. in
Captain John Haukins' company. He enlisted in 1864, and was dis-
charged in 1865. He was in the fight at Albany, Ray county, Missouri.

Captain John Haukins, was captain of company D, 51st regiment, E.
M. M. He enlisted in 1862, and was in considerable active service at
different times until 1865. He was a farmer on Rocky Fork of Crooked
river some miles northwest of Richmond, Missouri. He died several
years after the close of the war.

James S. Craig, was a private in company A, commanded by Captain
Van Quirk in the 85th Pennsylvania regiment infantry volunteers, com-
manded by Colonel J. B. Howell. He enlisted in September, 1861, and was
discharged November 22, 1864. He served in the army of the Potomac.
He was in the siege of Yorktown, battle of Williamsburg, Virginia; Savage
vStation, Virginia; Seven Pines, Virginia; Jones Ford, Virginia; Malvern
Hill, Virginia, Blackwater, Virginia; Southwest Creek, North Carolina;
W^hite Hall, North Carolina; Goldsborough, North Carolina; siege of
Morris Island, South Carolina; siege of Fort Wagner and Gregg, Gettys-
burg, Pennsvlvania; battle of the Wilderness, and many skirmishes. He
was only once slightly wounded at Petersburg, Virginia, thus going
through many terrible battles without receiving a serious wound.

James T. Cummins was a private in the 43d regiment Indiana volun-
teers, and was transferred to the 85th regiment Indiana volunteers, in the
army commanded by General Sherman. He enlisted at Terre Haute,
Indiana, in 1862, and was discharged June 14, 1865, at Evansville, Indiana.
He was in the battle of Resaca, Georgia, May 13 to 16, 1864, and in all
the battles in which General Sherman's army was engaged in, from

314 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

Resaca to Atlanta, November 9, 1864. He was wounded by a sabre
stroke, at Resaca, Georgia, but not disabled. He was taken prisoner
once, on Green river, Kentucky, but was paroled in twenty-four hours.
He has been a farmer for a number of years since the war, in Ray countv,
Missouri, and has held the position of justice of the peace in his township
(Richmond township).

Joseph Gossage was a corporal in the 51st regiment, E. M. M., and
afterward in Captain Clayton Tiffin's company, 4th provisional regiment,
E. M. M., commanded by Colonel John B. Hale. He enlisted in 1862,
and was discharged in October, 1864. He was in the battle of Glasgow,
Missouri, September, 1864, and in the fight with "bushwhackers," on
Waconda creek, Carroll county, Missouri, in 1864. He was taken pris-
oner at Glasgow, Missouri, and was paroled the same day. He has been
engaged as a farmer, in Ray county, since the war, and for a number of
years has been employed as farmer of the county poor house farm, and
has managed it and improved it so greatly as to make it a model farm.
His term expired last spring, and he is now cultivating another farm.

George W. Carter was a bugler in company K, 3d and 7th regiments,
M. S. M. cavalry volunteers, and 13th Missouri cavalry volunteers. He
enlisted in 1861, and was discharged in 1865. He was in the battle of
Independence, Missouri; Fort Scott, Kansas; Springfield, Missouri;
Newtonia, Missouri; Fayetteville, Arkansas, and other battles.

Samuel A. Harrison was a private in company F, commanded by Cap-
tain D. P. Whitmer. He enlisted in 1862, and was discharged in 1865,
having been in active service a portion of the time. He was in a skirmish
at Shaw's Shop, in the fight with Todd's guerrillas, in 1864.

Hiram Branso was a private in Captain John Haukin's company, of
the 51st E. M. M. He enlisted in 1864, and was discharged in 1864.
He was in the engagement at Albany, Ray county, Missouri, October
27, 1864, in which Bill Anderson, the noted bushwhacker, was killed.

John A. McGaugh was a private in company D, 51st regiment, E. M.
M. He enlisted in 1864, and was discharged in 1865.

J. M. Stockwell was a private in Colonel Peabody's 11th regiment,
Missouri militia. He enlisted in 1861, and was discharged in 1861, on
account of his health.

Aaron Teagarden was a private in Captain Real's company B, 51st E.
M. M. He enlisted in 1864 and was discharged in 1865.

Milton Piercy was a private in Captain Martin T. Real's company B,
51st regiment, E. M. M. He enlisted in 1862.

Lafayette P. Branstetter was a sergeant in Captain Bradley's company
A. He enlisted in Modena, Mercer county, Missouri.

Alexander Holder was a private in company G, 51st regiment, E. M.
M. He enlisted in 1862, and was discharged at the close of the war.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 315

Ezekiel Stone was a private of company D, 51st regiment E. M. M.
H enlisted in 1862, and was discharged in 1864. He was in an engage-
ment near Waconda creek, Carroll county, Missouri, and in one at
Albany, Ray county, Missouri, in which Bill Anderson, the noted guer-
rilla, was killed.

Robert Manley was a private in Major John Grimes's battalion. He
enlisted in 1863.

Levi A. Holman was a soldier in Sherman's army. He enlisted in the
fall of 1862 and was discharged June, 1865. He was in the battle of
Tupelo, Mississippi, May 6, 1863, Selma, Alabama, April 2, 1865, and
several others.

Joseph Proffitt, was a corporal in company B, 3d M. S. M. cavalry,
afterward, by consolidation, company K, 6th M. S. M. cavalry volunteers,
and then in the 13th Missouri cavalry volunteers. He enlisted Septem-
ber, 1861, and was discharged May 7, 1866. He was in the battle of
Springfield, Missouri; Van Buren, Arkansas; Jefferson City, Missouri;
Prairie Grove, Arkansas; Osage Crossing, Big Blue, Missouri; Independ-
ence, Missouri; Newtonia, Missouri; and Neosho, Missouri. He was
wounded, by a bayonet thrust, at Osage. He was taken prisoner at
Neosho and paroled.

Richard O. Craven was a private in company B, 145th Indiana volun-
teers. He enlisted in 1864, and died while in the service, July 4, 1865, at
Cartersville, Georgia. He was a gallant young man, and greatly loved by
his companions.

J. H. Bowman was a private in General A. J. Smith's 16th army corps.
He enlisted August 15, 1864, and was discharged August 15, 1865. He
was in the battles of Franklin, Tennessee; Nashville, Tennessee; and
Mobile, Alabama.

William M. Roe was a private in company B, Captain Real's company,
51st regiment, E. M. M. He enlisted in 1862 and was discharged in 1865.
He was in the engagement at Albany, Ray county, Missouri, in the fight
with Bill Anderson, the noted bushwhacker. His company was engaged
in keeping down marauding parties during 1864 and 1865.

James Roe was a corporal in company B, Captain Martin T. Real's
company, 51st regiment, E. M. M. He enlisted in 1862, and was dis-
charged at the close of the war.

Andrew J. Legg was a private in company F, 51st regiment, E. M. M.,
and promoted to regimental forage master. He enlisted in July, 1862,
and was mustered out in May, 1865.

Joseph Burnett was a private in company I, 26th Missouri volunteers.
He enlisted February, 1863, and was discharged August 13, 1865. He
was in the battles of Jackson, Mississippi, Champion Hills, Black River,
Vicksburg, Chattanooga, siege at Savannah, and in Sherman's march to

316 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

the sea. He was wounded in the battle of Champion Hills, and was in
the hospital a short time. He has been public administrator of Ray
county, since the war, one term.

Isaac Burnett was a private in company A, 3d M. S. M. cavalry, after
consolidation with company I, 6th M. S. M. cavalry volunteers. He
enlisted December 17, 1861, and was discharged in January, 1865. He
was in the battles of Newtonia, Springfield and Nt_osho.

James Stewart was a private in company F, 10th Missouri cavalry vol-
unteers. He enlisted August, 1862, and was discharged June 28, 1865.
He was in a battle at Iuka, Mississippi, and in some skirmishes.

Charles Z. Porter was a private in company B, 44th Missouri volun-
teers. After he was in the service a short time, he was promoted to cor-
poral, then to first sergeant. He was in the battles of Franklin, Tennes-
see, Nashville, Tennessee, and Spanish Fort, Alabama.

Houston A. Evans was a private in company B, 44th regiment, Mis-
souri volunteers. He enlisted on the 9th day of August, 1864, and was
discharged on the 14th day of June, 1865, at Benton Barracks, St. Louis,
Missouri. He was in the battle of Franklin, Tennessee. He was taken
prisoner at Franklin, Tennessee, and was a prisoner about five months,
the greater portion of the time being confined in Andersonville, Georgia.
Since the war he has been engaged in the mercantile business in Camden,
Missouri, and has served one term as justice of the peace.

James T. Campbell was a sergeant in company D, 35th Missouri vol-
unteers. He enlisted September, 1862, and was discharged July, 1865.
He was in the battle of Helena, Arkansas, and some other small engage-
ments. He has been living in Ray county since the war, and following
the business of farming.

Stephen H. Degraffinseed was a private in the 2d Ohio cavalry vol-
unteers. He enlisted in 1863, and was discharged in 1865. He was in
the battle of Brier Creek, Georgia.

Alfred A. Brown was a sergeant in company D, 35th Missouri volun-
teers. He enlisted in said company D, commanded first by Captain
Joseph H. Morganson, afterward by Captain Milton H. David, on or
about the 12th of August, 1862, and was discharged at Little Rock,
Arkansas, on or about the 28th day of June, 1865. After his discharge
he returned to his home in Camden, Ray county, Missouri, and has been
engaged in business there ever since.

John J. Leake was a private, afterward orderly-sergeant, in company
B, 13th Missouri cavalry volunteers. Said company was commanded by
Captain Shelly. He enlisted in 1864, and was discharged in 1865. He
was in an engagement at Springfield, Missouri, in 1863.

Lilburn Harris was third corporal in company B, 44th Missouri volun-
teers. He enlisted August 9, 1864, and was discharged August 15, 1865,

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 317

at Benton Barracks, St. Louis. He was in the battle of Duck River,
November 28, 1864, and Spring Hill, Tennessee; November 29, 1864, and
Franklin, Tennessee, November 30, 1864; Nashville, Tennessee, Decem-
ber 15 and 16; Cedar Point, Alabama, March 18, 1865; Spanish Fort
from March 2 to April 8, 1865.

Joseph Woods was a private in company B, 3d Missouri cavalry, after-
ward company K, 6th Missouri cavalry volunteers. He enlisted October,
1861, and was discharged February, 1865. He was in the battle of
Springfield, January 8, 1S63. He served nearly four years in all, in both
regiments, Colonel Walter King commanding 3d regiment Missouri state
militia cavalry, and Colonel E. C. Catherwood commanding 6th regiment
Missouri state militia cavalry volunteers. Since coming out of the service,
Mr. Woods has been a farmer in Ray county, living near Elk Horn.

Ephraim Clark was fourth sergeant in company B, 44th Missouri volun-
teers. He enlisted August 9, 1864, and was discharged in August, 1865,
at St. Louis. He was in the battles of Cedar Point, Spanish Fort, Ala-
bama, and numerous other skirmishes. He served one year in said
company B, 44th regiment Missouri volunteers, company commanded by
Captain Drumhiller, regiment by Colonel R. C. Bradshaw.

J. H. Hightower was bugler in company K, 6th regiment Missouri cav-
alry volunteers. He enlisted in March, 1862, and was discharged in April,
1865. Was in the battles of Springfield, Brownsville, Westport, and New-
tonia, Missouri, and in a great many minor engagements in southwest Mis-
souri.

David McGuire was a commissary sergeant in company D, 3d regi-
ment Missouri state militia cavalry volunteers, afterward in consolidation
in company K, 6th M. S. M. cavalry volunteers. He enlisted February
15, 1862, and was discharged in March, 1865. He was in the battle of
Springfield, Missouri, January 8, 1863, and in the pursuit of General Price,
in his raid in Missouri in 1864 He served in Missouri and Arkansas while
in company D. He was in the 3d regiment M. S. M. cavalry volunteers,
commanded by Colonel Walter King, after consolidation with the 6th reg-
iment M. S. M. cavalry volunteers; it was commanded by Colonel E. C.
Catherwood.

James H. Shults was captain in the 28th regiment of Iowa volunteers.
He was honorably discharged June 26, 1863. Was in the battle of Shiloh,
Port Gibson, Champion Hill, and Vicksburg, Mississippi.

A. W. Boon was corporal in company K, 6th regiment Missouri volun-
teer. He enlisted January 11, 1862, and was discharged January 23, 1865,
at St. Louis. He was in the battles of Springfield, Neosho, Booneville,
Jefferson City, Blue Mills, Independence and south of Kansas City, Fort
Scott, and Mount Vernon, all in Missouri. He was taken prisoner at
Neosho, Missouri, and paroled.

318 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

J. C. Weakly was a private in the army of the Potomac, under General
Hancock, 2d corps, 1st division. He enlisted in February, 1861, and was
discharged in July, 1865. He was in the battles of the Wilderness, Spott-
sylvania Court House, Cold Harbor, North Anna river, and Petersburg,
Virginia. He was wounded June 16, 1861, at Petersburg, Virginia.

C. H. Lebold was a private in General Huger's command, 161th Ohio
regiment, in company C. He enlisted in said company C in October,
1863, and was discharged in August, 1861. He was stationed in Wash-
ington City, in the fort, while in the service.

Alfred C. Kincaid was a sergeant in company B, 115th Indiana infantry.
He enlisted in company B, commanded by Captain Vincent Williams,
in said 115th regiment, commanded bv Colonel Wm. H. Adams, and was
discharged February 1866, at Macon, Georgia. Since leaving the ser-
vice he has been a farmer in Ray county, Missouri.

Solomon McCall was orderly sergeant in company B, commanded by
Captain J. H. Matheson, in the 1st Nevada battalion, commanded by Major
Baldwin. He enlisted at Dayton, Nevada, June 21, 1863, and was dis-
charged June 20, 1866, at Camp Douglas, Utah territory.

Andrew J. Thompson, was a private in company B, commanded by
Captain J. C. W. Hall, in 2d Colorado first two years, and then cavalry,
commanded by Colonel Ford. He enlisted November 13, 1861, at Fair
Play, Colorado, and was discharged December 19, 1861, at Fort Leaven-
worth, Kansas. He was in the battles of Valverde, or Fort Craig, New
Mexico, February 21, 1862; Cabin Creek, July 1,2,5, and 20, 1863;
Honey Springs, Independence, Missouri, etc. He was wounded at Val-
verde, and disabled for two months. He was sick in the service about
six months in the fall and winter of 1863-1.

John Holder was a bugler in General Sanborn's command. He enlisted
in January, 1862, and was discharged in the spring of 1865. He was in
many skirmishes.

L.J. Williams was a captain in company H, 35th Missouri volunteers,
in C. B. Fisk's command. He was discharged July, 1865. He was in
the battle of Helena, Arkansas.

George Blackerby was a private in Colonel Catherwood's regiment.
He enlisted in February, 1862, and was discharged in the spring of 1865.
He was in the battles of Blue Mills, Pineville, Fort Smith, and Lone
Jack.

William S. Underwood was a corporal in General Prentiss' army. He
enlisted November 25, 1861, and was discharged December 20, 1861. He
was in the battle of Shiloh, April 6 and 7, 1862, and in Sherman's grand
march to sea. His command suffered greatly at Atlanta, Georgia, on
account of supplies being cut off.

P. L. Vanbebber, second lieutenant in company D, 6th M. S. M. cav-

HISTORY OF RAV COUNTY. 319

airy, commanded by Colonel E. C. Catherwood, and William P. Burgess,
William T. Forson, and G. W. Burgess, privates in said company D,
enlisted in 1S62, and were discharged in February, 1867. They were in
the battles of Independence, Missouri; Osage, Kansas; and other battles.
Lieutenant Vanbebber, in the Independence engagement, was wounded
in the head.

James M. Wilkerson was a bugler in Major King's command. He
enlisted in July, 1861, in Captain Clayton Tiffin's company, 51st E. M. M.,
and was in the battle of Glasgow, Missouri, in which engagement he was
taken prisoner.

William P. Burgess was a private in company D, 6th M. S. M. cavalry
volunteers. He enlisted February 3, 1862, and was discharged January 11,
1866. He was in a number of skirmishes during the war.

Thomas Clark was a private in Colonel Catherword's regiment, 6th M.
S. M. cavalry. He enlisted February, 1862, and was discharged March
1, 1865. He was in Pleasant Gap and Horse Creek skirmishes.

James Ragland was a private in company D, 13th Missouri cavalry
volunteers. He enlisted in 1862, and was discharged at close of war.
He was in the battles of Independence, Big Blue and Osage river.

B. F. Dillard, sergeant in 51st regiment E. M. M. Served under Col-
onel Barr, Colonel Hale and Major Grimes. He enlisted in 1862, and
was discharged in the fall of 1861. He was in the fight at Shaw's
Shop, Ray county, Missouri, with the bushwhackers.

John Dehart, Jerry Conine and Peter Storm were privates in the Fed-
eral service, enlisting in the fall of 1862.

Levi Payne was a private in company C, 8th Missouri cavalry, company
commanded by Captain Demuth. He enlisted in 1861 and was discharged
June, 1864, at St. Louis, Missouri, as a private. He was in the battles of
Lookout Mountain, Little Rock, Arkansas, Duval's Bluff, Arkansas, and
a great many skirmishes. He was taken prisoner at Trenton, Tennes-
see, by Forrest; was paroled and afterward returned to regiment.

Franklin Swoveland was a private in Captain Patton Colley's company,
51st E. M. M. He enlisted in 1862, and saw some service in the pursuit
of Poindexter and Porter.

G. W. Riggs was 3d sergeant in company B, Captain Drumhiller's
company, 41th Missouri volunteers. He enlisted at St. Joseph, Missouri,
August 21, 1864, as a private from Ray county. He died May 16, 1865.
He was in the battles of Franklin, Tennessee; Spring Hill, and several
skirmishes. He died of chronic diarrhoea, May 16, 1865.

William D. Fortune was captain of company H, 44th Missouri volun-
teers. He enlisted August 4, 1864, and was commissioned captain, Sep-
tember 23, 1864, and was mustered out of the service August 15, 1865.
He was in the battles of Spring Hill and Franklin, Tennessee, and capture

320 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

of Spanish Fort. Since coming out of the service, Captain Fortune has
been living near Tinney's Grove, Ray county, and given his attention to
farming and teaching a portion of his time. He made a good officer
while in the service, and is esteemed a worthy citizen.

Thomas Barron enlisted August 4, 1864, and was discharged August
15, 1865, and was in the battles of Spring Hill, Franklin, and capture of
Spanish Fort.

Abraham Barron enlisled in said company H, August 4, 1864, and
was discharged on accoun'. of disability.

Marcus D. L. Blevins was a private in said company H, and enlisted
September 2, 1864, and was discharged August 15, 1865. He was in the
battles of Spring Hill and Franklin, Tennessee, and in Spanish Fort, or cap-
ture of Mobile.

Henry J. Blevins was a private in said company H. He enlisted Sep-
tember 2, 1864, and was discharged August 15, 1865. He was in the
same battles.

Matthias Lynch was a private in company H. He enlisted September
22, 1864, and was killed in the battle of Franklin, Tennessee, November
30, 1864.

George Silkwood was a private in company H. He enlisted August
22, 1864, and was discharged August 15, 1865. He was in the battle of
Spring Hill, November 29, 1864; Franklin, November 30, 1864; and
Spanish Fort.

John A. Hays was a private in company H. He enlisted August 22,
1864, and was discharged February 1, 1865. He was in the battles of
Spring Hill and Franklin. He was wounded in the hand at Franklin,
Tennessee, November 30, 1864.

David Tooma)' was a private in said company H, 44th Missouri volun-
teers. He enlisted August 4, 1864, and was discharged June 19, 1865.
He was in the battles of Spring Hill and Franklin, November 30, 1864.
He was taken prisoner at the battle of Franklin, Tennessee. Thomas
Barron, Marcus D. L. Blevin, Henry J. Blevin, and George Silkwood,
were also in the two days fight before Nashville, Tennessee, and in the
pursuit of General Hood's army.

Christopher C. Garton was a private in company E, Colonel Henry
Neil's regiment of E. M. M., afterward company F, and I, (Captain Sum-
mer). He enlisted in 1862, and was discharged in 1S64. He was in some
skirmishes with bushwhackers. He was taken prisoner at Lexington
before he enlisted in the service, but was released in twenty -four hours.
He now lives in Camden, Ray county, Missouri.

Asa Brockman was first lieutenant of company C, 51st regiment E. M.
M. He enlisted in said company C, commanded by Captain John Saery,
in 1862. He was in the battle of Glasgow, in 1864, and taken prisoner in

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 321

the fall of 1864 in said engagement. He was paroled and never after-
ward entered the service. He has been a farmer near Camden, since the
war.

Willis Meredith was a private first in company C, 2d battalion, M. S.
M., cavalry volunteers, and afterward in company B, 44th Missouri vol-
unteers. He enlisted in 1862, and re-enlisted in 1864, and was discharged
1865. He was in the battles of Lone Jack, Missouri; Duck river, Ten-
nessee; Franklin, Tennessee; Spring Hill, Tennessee; Cedar Point, Ala-
bama, and Spanish Fort, Alabama. He was wounded in the battle of
Lone Jack, Missouri, August 16, 1862: he was shot twice while in the ser-
vice, and is drawing a pension on account of having been wounded and
disabled.

George W. Thomas was a private in 1st battalion, 26th regiment of
Missouri volunteers. He enlisted February 6, 1863, in Richmond, Mis-
souri, and was discharged at Little Rock, Arkansas. He was in the bat-
tle, of Port Gibson, Mississippi; Jackson, Mississippi; Raymond, Missis-
sippi; siege of Vicksburg, Mississippi; Mission Ridge, Tennessee; Sher-
man's march to the sea, siege of Savannah, and the Carolina campaign.

Michael Feeney was a private in the gunboat service, number two, Rapi-
dan gunboat. He enlisted in 1863, and was discharged in 1864. He was
in engagements at Johnsonville, on the Tennessee river; Paducah, Ten-
nessee; Mound City, etc.

Samuel S. Burgess was a private in Captain Saunders' company, General
James Lane's command in the Kansas war, of 1855 and 1856. He
enlisted at Cole Creek, near Lawrence, Kansas, and was honorably dis-
charged at expiration of term of enlistment. He was first sergeant in
company D, 6th M. S. M. cavalry volunteers. He enlisted at Knoxville,
Missouri, on the 4th of February, and was mustered into service the 22d
of March, 1862, and was discharged March 22, 1865. He was in a num-
ber of skirmishes and minor engagements in southwest Missouri and
Arkansas. Since coming out of the service he has been a farmer in Ray
county.

Captain John Saery was captain of company C, 51st regiment, E. M.
M. He enlisted at Richmond, Missouri, in July, 1862, and was dis-
charged at the close of the war in 1865. He was in the Albany fight with
Bill Anderson, the noted bushwhacker, October 27, 1864. He is now
living in Camden, Missouri, and has been a citizen of this place many
years. He turns his attention to the business of carpenter and farmer,
and derives considerable income from his valuable coal lands.

Thomas Hare was a private in company F, 1st regiment of Kansas, six
months infantry and eighteen months cavalry. He enlisted May 29, 1861,
and was discharged June 20, 1864. He was in the battles of Wilson's
Creek, Missouri; Corinth, Mississippi; Bayou Mason, Louisiana; Bayou

322 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

Tensas, Louisiana; Holly Springs, Mississippi; siege of Vicksburg, Mis-
sissippi; Lake Providence, and many other battles of less note.

Joseph Miller was a private first in company A, 3d M. S. M. cavalry
volunteers, then in company I, 6th M. S. M. cavalry volunteers, and then
in the 13th regiment cavalry, Missouri volunteers. He enlisted
December 17, 1861, at Camden, Missouri, and was finally discharged at
Leavenworth, Kansas, in 1866. He was in the battles of Springfield,
Missouri; Neosho, Missouri; Newtonia, Missouri; Glasgow, Missouri,
and many skirmishes. He was taken prisoner at Neosho, Missouri, and
immediately paroled. Afterward he was captured at Glasgow, and was
exchanged in about two months afterward. On being exchanged he went
west with his regiment, and performed service on the frontier.

Andrew Elliott was captain of company A, 3d M. S. M. cavalry volun-
teers. He enlisted in December, 1861, at Camden, Missouri and was
shortly after elected captain of company A, by his fellow soldiers. He
resigned in the fall of 1862, on account of being severely injured by the
fall of his horse while in the service in southwest Missouri. He was a
vigilant, active Union man, and did much to arouse enthusiasm in the
cause of the government at the commencement of thfe war. He made a
»fine officer and was greatly endeared to his men. Since the war he has
been engaged in the business of farming, near Camden, Missouri. He is
a worthy citizen and highly esteemed by his neighbors.

James M. Campbell was a private in company F, 51st regiment E. M.
M. He enlisted in 1864, and was discharged in 186-1. He was in the
fight of Shaw's Shop, Ray county, with the bushwackers under
Todd and Thailkeld.

Benjamin Hagens, was a private in Captain D. P. Whitmer's company
F, 51st regiment, E. M. M.

William Pinkey, corporal in company M, commanded by Captain
David Kane. 10th Missouri cavalry volunteers, commanded by Colonel
Cornyn. He enlisted in August, 1862, and was discharged July 26,
1865, at Nashville, Tennessee. He was in the battles of Champion
Hills, Selma, Alabama; Guntown, Mississippi; Black River, Vicksburg,
Mississippi, and other engagements.

William W. Weiss was a sergeant in company D, 35th Missouri vol-
unteers. He enlisted in August 21, 1862, and was discharged the 26th
day of Ma}', 1865. His regiment served in Missouri, Kentucky, Arkan-
sas, and Mississippi, doing fine service during the war. On his return
from the service, he engaged in farming in the Missouri river bottom, as
far as his health would permit, having broken down his constitution in the
war, on account of severe exposure in Arkansas. He was compelled to
leave his home in the bottom on account of the overflow of the Missouri
river, in the last of April and first of May, 1881, and seek safety on the

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 323

higher ground. The last of May, 1881, he returned to his home, and
repaired the damage done to his farm by the overflow.

Thomas A. Lile was a private in company B, 3d regiment, M. S. M.
cavalry volunteers, afterward company K, 6th M. S. M. cavalry volun-
teers. He enlisted in 1861, and was discharged in 1864. He "was in the
battles of Springfield, Missouri; Lone Jack, Nevvtonia and Pineville, Mis-
souri; and Sylamore, Arkansas. The only injury he received while in the
service, was in the fore finger of the left hand.

Thomas A. Sloan was a corporal in company I, 6th M. S. M. cavalry
volunteers, afterward in company B, 13th Missouri cavalry volunteers.
He enlisted May 2, 1862, and was discharged May 11, 1866. He was in
the battles of Lone Jack, Springfield, Missouri; Prairie Grove, Cane Hill,
Camden, Little Rock, Fort Smith, Van Buren, Arkansas; and Pilot Knob,
Missouri. He was taken prisoner at Neosho, October 4, 1863, taken to
Little Rock and paroled, and again taken prisoner while at Rock Prairie,
July 28, 1864, by Captain R. Johnson's guerrillas, but got away the same
night.

Moses Hess was a private in company B, 3d M. S. M. cavalry volun-
teers, afterward company K, 6th M. S. M. cavalry volunteers. He en-
listed March, 1862, and was discharged April, 1865. He was in the battles*
of Springfield, Neosho, Newtonia, Missouri; Pineville, and Little Rock,
Arkansas. He was taken prisoner at Neosho, Missouri, October 4, 1863,
and was paroled, and afterward joined his command.

Oliver G. Williams was a private in company F, 51st regiment E. M.
M. He enlisted in 1863, and remained in service until 1864.

Anderson Elliott was second lieutenant in company C, 51st E. M. M.
cavalry volunteers. He enlisted in 1S62, and continued in the service
until the close of the war. He made a fine energetic officer, and per-
formed considerable service in Ray, and the surrounding counties. He
has been a successful farmer for many years, in the vicinity of Camden,
Ray county, Missouri.

James L. Tucker was a private in company B, 3d M. S. M. volunteers.
He enlisted first in September, 1861, in six months' service. He enlisted
in said company B, January 11, 1862; said companv B becoming after-
ward company K, 6th M. S. M. cavalry volunteers. He was in the
battles of Springfield, Newtonia, Missouri; and Cane Hill, Arkansas.
After serving about eighteen months, his company was consolidated with
the 6th M. S.M. cavalry volunteers, as above stated, his company, B, be-
coming company K, in 6th M. S. M. cavalry volunteers. He was dis-
charged in January, 1865, at Springfield, Missouri.

John Ellis was a private in companv D, 44th regiment Missouri volun-
teer infantry, under Colonel Bradshaw. He enlisted August 9, 1864, and

324 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

was discharged August 15, 1865, at Benton Barracks, St. Louis, Missouri.
He was in the battles of Franklin, Tennessee, and Spanish Fort, Alabama.

Robert B. Ellis was a private in company K, of the 1st Missouri S. M.
cavalry. He enlisted in 1862.

John Bogart was a private in Captain Edgar's company, under Major
Biggers. He enlisted in November, 1861, and was paroled. He was
taken prisoner at Agency Ford, on Platte river; was paroled for the time
of his service, and never was discharged.

Charles F. Owen was a private in company B, 13th Missouri volun-
teers. He enlisted in said company B, commanded by Captain J. H.
Shelley, on or about the 1st of August, 1864, and was discharged at Fort
Leavenworth, Kansas, on or about May 15, 1866.

Stephen Savage was a private in Colonel Graham's regiment of Fed-
eral troops. He enlisted in 1862, and after serving as a private was pro-
moted to lieutenant of his company. He was in the battles of Redmont,
Winchester and Snicker's Gap. He was wounded in the arm and thigh
while in the service. He was honorably discharged in the year 1865.
He is now living in Vibbard, Ray county, Missouri.

Isaac C. Hill was a private in company D, regiment of Oregon mounted
■ volunteers. He enlisted in said company on or about the 10th day of
October, 1855, and was discharged on or about the 20th day of June,
1856. In the late civil war he served in company C, 4th provisional regi-
ment, E. M. M., said company being commanded by Captain Clayton
Tiffin.

RELIGIOUS.

CHURCHES IN RAY COUNTY.
NEW GARDEN, REGULAR BAPTIST.

This church constitutes the oldest existing religious organization in Ray
county. It was organized April 23, 1824, by Elders James Williams and
William Turnage.

The following list includes the names of all the original members, most
of whom have been dead many years, to-wit:

J. Fletcher, C. Odell, S. Hutchins, N. Odell, John Hutchins, John
Turner, John Cleavenger, Mrs. Elizabeth Fletcher, Rachel Odell, Eliza-
beth Hutchins, Jane Turner, Mary Odell, Patsy Turnage, Nancy Chap-
man and Lucy Woods.

A very rude log building was erected in 1824, as a place of worship.
To accomplish its erection the out-lay in money was, of course, very
trifling; probably the only real cost was the time and labor of the mem-
bers who built it.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 325

The first pastor of this church was the Reverend William Turnage,
whose name is frequently mentioned in this work in connection with
religious services, and as one of the pioneer preachers of the west. He
preached in the Buffalo settlement as early as A. D. 1816, and subse-
quently— prior to the organization of the church of which we write — at
Old Bluffton, where he also kept a "tavern," in 1821.

The other pastors of this church at an earlv day were, R. Hicks,
Isaac Odell, William C. Garrett, and Aaron Odell.

The number of the present membership is: Regular Baptists, thirty-
six; others, fifty.

About the year A. D. 1858, a new church house was erected. It is a
frame, the dimensions of which are thirty by forty feet, with twelve foot
posts.

In 1862 a dissension arose between the members of this church, grow-
ing out of the "test oath," prescribed by the St. Louis convention; a
division took place, and the organization continues disunited, both factions
retaining the original name, but attending different associations.

NEW HOPE CHURCH — REGULAR BAPTIST.

The New Hope Baptist Church building is located in Camden town-
ship, about four miles north of Camden. The church was organized in
the year A. D. 1827, and is, doubtless, the next oldest religious congre-
gation, still existing, in the county. The names of the original members
are as follows: James Holman, Nathan Smith, Joseph Ballew, John
Bateman, and Aaron Linville.

The first church house was built soon after the organization of the
church. Its description is that of the early pioneer buildings of the west.

In 1872 a new, neat frame building was erected, at a cost of six hun-
dred dollars, and dedicated the same year, by Reverend William T.
Brown.

William Turnage was the first pastor. The present pastor is William
T.Brown. The church has, now — 1881 — thirty-three members.
todd's chapel, m. e. church south.

This church was organized in 1828, but no building was erected till in
1851.

Following is a partial list of the original members: D. H. Thorpe,
Jacob Anderson, Lewis Linville, Thomas Adkinson, J. W. Smith, Presley
Carter, J. D. Elliott, and others.

The church building was erected in 1851, at a cost of six hundred dol-
lars, and named in honor of Reverend Joseph S. Todd, who was at one
time its pastor.

In 1852 the building was dedicated to the service of God, by Reverend
William G. Caples, then presiding elder.

326 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

The following ministers have been pastors of this church: George W.
Bewley, Jacob Lannius, John Monroe, Jesse Greene, W. W. Redmon,
George Smith, Daniel Penny, Edward Robinson, A. E. Sears, Benjamin
S. Ashby, Thomas D. Clanton, Joseph Devlin, J. Y. Blakey, W. M.
Newland, Joseph Metcalf, -W. C. Campbell, Rice H. Cooper, John G.
Gibbons, J. W. Ellis, F. H. Sumpter, Stephen B. Tabor, and A. Spencer.

At present — 1881 — there are worshiping at Todd's Chapel about sixty
members of the M. E. Church South.

Mr. Peyton T. Smith, who kindly furnished the information concerning
this church, informed the writer that nearly all of the original members
are dead. Todd's Chapel is located on section twenty-eight, township
fifty-two, range twenty-eight, Richmond township.

M. E. CHURCH SOUTH, AT RICHMOND.

This church was organized about 1830, at which time it was one of the
churches composing the Fishing River circuit of Missouri annual confer-
ence.

For some years after its organization the church was without a build-
ing, and held divine worship in the court house at Richmond.

Mrs. J. H. Morehead and Mrs. David H. Quesehberry were the first to
make an effort looking to the building of a church house; the former lady
economizing her household expenditures that she might contribute the
more liberally to that laudable undertaking. The example of these ladies
was followed by others, and soon the proper preliminary steps were taken
for the erection, in the town of Richmond, of a suitable edifice to be dedi-
cated to the worship of the Almighty.

By the quarterly conference held at Richmond, June 10, 1843, the fol-
lowing trustees were appointed to receive and hold in trust, any property
that the church might acquire by donation or otherwise, viz.:

Ephraim January, Henry Lile, David H. Quesenberry, Austin A. King,
John H. Morehead, David Bullock and Daniel J. Branstetter.

The first church" edifice of the organization herein mentioned, was
erected on the site of its present building about the vear 1845. It was a
frame building, of which we have been unable to obtain an accurate
description. It was, however, doubtless in keeping with the prevailing
character of buildings in the town at that day,

The first church house was subsequently supplanted by a more sub-
stantial brick structure, which, in 1869, was demolished by a storm.*

The present, 1881, edifice, a handsome and capacious brick, comforta-
bly furnished, was erected shortly after the demolition of the other, at a
cost of not less than six thousand dollars.

The church owns other property in Richmond, including a parsonage,
built during the pastorate of Reverend William M. Rush, in 1855 or 1856.

♦The Christian Church, then in process of erection, was blown down by the same storm.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 327

It has, at present, one hundred and forty members, and, under the pas-
torship (1881) of Reverend C. Grimes, is faithfully prosecuting the work
for which it was organized, more than half a century ago.

Following is a list of the ministers who have served as pastors of this
church:

G. W. Teas, George W. Bewley, A. H. Spratt, John Monroe, Jacob
Lannius, Condley Smith, David Kennier, Hugh L. Dodds, Lester James,
Daniel T. Shearman, Thomas B. Ruble, Monarch Richardson, Robert
H. Jordan, John A. Tutt (assistant), G. W. Love, Edwin Robinson,
Daniel Penny, John M. Garner, James Barker, Joseph Devlin (whose
remains are interred in the Richmond cemetery), Joseph S. Todd (assist-
ant), A. E. Sears, T. D. Clanton, W. E. Dockery, William Plum (assist-
ant), William M. Rush, Walter Tool, J. C. C. Davis, M. Pugh, D. M.
Proctor, Thomas B. King, Tyson Dines, D. C. O'Howell, W. M. New-
land, R. N. T. Holliday, M. R. Jones, W. H. Lewis, and C. Grimes
(present pastor).

In the year 1844 the Methodist Episcopal Church was, by the general
conference in session in the city of New York, separated into a northern
and a southern division, each to hold its own general conference, and the
one to have no connection with the other. This division, as is well known,
grew out of the question of slavery. Churches in the border states, like
Missouri, were left free to unite with either branch they might prefer;
and in the fall of 1844 the church at Richmond, in quarterly meeting,
appointed Amos Rees, Henry Lile, and David H. Quesenberry a com-
mittee to prepare a resolution in relation to the proceedings of the (then)
late general conference in New York City.

The committee presented the following report:

The committed to whom was referred the subject of the action of
the general conference of the M. E. Church as to separate organization,
growing out of the subject of slavery, agitated at the late general con-
ference in the case of Bishop Andrews, beg leave to report that they have
had that matter under consideration, and in view of the great import-
ance the question of slavery has recently assumed, and the effects it has
upon the morals of men, and desiring the permanent peace and prosperity
of the church, having a due deference and respect for the opinions of all
the members thereof, and believing that that peace can only be secured
by the proposed arrangement of holding a northern and a southern gen-
eral conference; therefore,

Resolved, That the quarterly meeting conference for the Richmond
circuit, Missouri annual conference, do advise the adoption of the resolu-
tions of the general conference.

(Signed) A. Rees, Chairman.

The church united with the southern general conference, and has stood
in connection therewith ever since, under the name of the "Richmond M.
E. Church South."

328 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

MARION CHURCH — REGULAR BAPTIST.

This was, organized on the fourth Saturday in June, A. D., 1832, with
the following first members, to-wit: John Vanderpool, Winant Vander-
pool, James Campbell, Levi Vanderpool, John Brown, Henry Miles,
Elisha Butcher, Thomas English and Hiram Clark.

The original church building was erected of logs, about 1846. It was
burned some time in the pastorate of Reverend James Duval.

In the autumn of 1880 the erection of a new frame church was begun.
It was completed early in the succeeding year, having been on Christmas
day, 1880, dedicated by Rev. William Brown and Rev. James Duvall.

Rev. John Stone was the first pastor of this church, and was a good
man, whose memory is fondly cherished. Rev. James Duvall was pastor
upwards of thirty-three years (see biography).

In the fall of 1880 the roll book of Marion Church showed a member-
ship of twenty-eight.

At the beginning of the war a division arose in the church from the
same grounds that caused the schism in the New Garden Church,
already mentioned. Part of the congregation joined fellowship with the
Crooked River Church, and took no part in the erection of the present
church building.

M. E. CHURCH SOUTH, AT KNOXVILLE

was organized in 1837. .The Rainwaters, Kincaids, Milsteads and Bur-
gesses were among the original members.

The building formerly owned by this church was erected about thirty
years ago, and has grown so unstable that it is no longer used as a place
of worship. It was sold March 26, 1881, for one hundred dollars. A new
frame building is in process of erection, which, when completed, will
have cost about two thousand dollars.

We were able to obtain only meager information as to this church.

CHRISTIAN CHURCH, AT SOUTH POINT.

This church was organized at a school house, then situated two miles
east of South Point, in Camden township, in April, 1840, with the follow-
ing original members, viz: Jacob Warinner, Thomas Blair, John Rifle,
Willis Warriner, George Blair, William Brockman, Joseph E. Brockman,
Polly Warriner, Eliza J. New, and Mary Brockman.

In 1854 the congregation erected a very handsome frame building for
divine worship, at South Point. The building cost one thousand dollars,
and was dedicated to the service of Almighty God in September of the
same year of its erection, by Elder Moses E. Lard, a graduate of Beth-
any College, Virginia — an institution then under the supervision of Alex-
ander Campbell, the founder of the Christian Reformed Church, and one
of the greatest theologians of any age. Elder Lard was one of the most

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 329

eminent divines of his day. He was a brilliant, forcible, and impressive
speaker, as well as a cogent and elegant writer. He married a lady who
lived in Richmond, Ray county; subsequently moved to Kentucky, and
died a few years ago, at his home in Lexington, that state, mourned by
the church throughout the United States.

On the dedication of the church house at South Point, the church was
reorganized. The following is a list of those who were members at that
time: John Rifle, E. T. Withro, Nancy Withro, Foster D. Tribble,
Mary Tribble, Z. D. Ralph, Martha A. Ralph, A. Brockman, Sarah
Brockman, James Winsor, Lucinda Winsor, Thomas Blair, John Tarkey,
Lydia Tarkay, Jackson Riffe, A. B. Ralph, Mary Ralph, John W. Chas-
tine, William Artman, Jesse B. Simpson, Elizabeth Simpson, James Riffe,
Willis Warriner, Mahala Vaughn, J. B. Elliott, Sarah H. Elliott, Emily
Young, and three others, whose names, as written on the manuscript con-
taining the above list, were illegible.

The following persons have been pastors of this church:

Richard Morton, S. P. Johnson, N. B. Peeler, W. B. Fisk and James
E. Dunn. William Trader is the present, 1881, pastor.

The roll book shows the names of one hundred and fifty persons as
members.

CHRISTIAN CHURCH, AT RICHMOND.

The Christian Church at Richmond, was organized April 26, 1840, by
Reverend Thomas N. Gaines, with a membership of forty-five, among
whom were the following persons, viz: William B. Martin, Malinda
Martin, Perneta E. Hendley, Mary A. McGee, Charles R. Morehead,
John B. Warder, Joseph S. Shoop, William H. Warder, Elizabeth War-
der, Clayton Jacobs, Mary A. G. Jacobs, Celenary Burch, Susan Warder,
Roan Richardson, William Love, and others.

Of the forty-five original members, there are now living only five, who
hold membership in the congregation, to-wit: Clayton Jacobs and wife,
Joseph S. Hoops, Celenary (Burch) Jacobs and Susan (Warder) Jacobs.

For several years after the organization of the church, it was without a
house of its own, in which to hold divine service, and the congregation
worshiped in the court house at Richmond, and in school houses, until it
was able to build a church edifice. In 1846 a frame building was erected,
which, in 1869, was removed, and in its room now stands an imposing
brick, of stable and beautiful architecture, built in the year last mentioned,
at a cost of twelve thousand dollars. In an eloquent and appropriate ser-
mon, delivered in April, 1870, by Elder Alexander Proctor, this structure
was set apart as a sacred shrine for the worship of the Supreme Being.

The following is a partial list of the ministers who have been pastors of
this church: Thomas N. Gaines, Alexander Proctor, Thomas P. Haley,

330 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

(at this time pastor of a charge in St. Louis, and one of the brightest
luminaries in the Christian church), A. H. F. Payne, Allen Wright, G. R.
Hand, George Plattenberg, Josiah Waller, and James E. Dunn.

Belonging to, and worshiping at this church at present (1S81), are
upwards of one hundred and fifty members in good standing.

Divine services have been regularly held every Lord's day and every
Thursday evening (in prayer meetings) almost uninterruptedly since the
organization of the church, more than forty years ago. A Sunday-school
has also been conducted regularly, for the past thirty years.

Few religious societies have more faithfully labored, or more success-
fully accomplished the end of their formation, than has the Christian
Church, at Richmond, Missouri.

FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH OF CHRIST, AT RICHMOND.

This church was organized in March, 1842, by Rev. A. P. Williams,
(afterwards D. D.)

Following is a complete list of the original members, to-wit:

Jabez Shotwell, Elizabeth Shotwell, Sarah Ballew, Anne E. Warder,
Luther F. Warder, Sciotha McKinney, Marjory Thornton, Sarah James,
Levina McKinney, M. J. Holman, James W. Sacry, Susan Sacry, Sarah
A. Sacry, George M. Sacry, Elizabeth Tisdale, America Hunt, Mrs.
Witcher, Daniel Parker, Polly Parker, Rebecca Smith, Lucinda Duncan,
William P. Lanieear, and Rebecca, a woman of color.

The church house was built and occupied, but not finished, in 1854;
finished in 1855. It was a very good frame structure, and cost about
fifteen hundred dollars. It was never formally dedicated.

The following list includes all the pastors of this church from its organ-
ganization to date (April, 1881,) with the length of service of each, viz:

Rev. A. P. Williams, six years and nine months; Rev. Japtha L. Smith,
(M. D.) three years and one month; Rev. William C. Bachelor, one year
and five months; Rev. R. C. Hill, two years and nine months; Rev.
Josiah Leake, four years and ten months; Rev. Jeremiah Farmer, one
year and seven months; Rev. Thomas W. Barrett, eight months; Rev.
J. W. Luke, one year and two months; Rev. A. Matchett, only a few
months; Rev. S. E. DeRacken, one year; Rev. James Roan, six months;
Rev. Thomas H. Graves, one year; Rev. William C. Barrett, two years
and ten months; Rev. F. M. Wadley, not quite one year; Rev. Robert
Livingston, the present pastor, entered on his work in May, 1880.

The number of present membership is seventy-two, with a prospect of
large increase, when a contemplated new building is erected.

For two years prior to its organization as an independent body, in 1842,
the church had been what is called an Arm of the Baptist Church at
Lexington, Missouri.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 331

Between several of the pastorates mentioned above, there were lengthy
interims.

A brick house, to cost about four thousand dollars, will be built the
ensuing summer. The brick are made, and the whole matter is in the
hands of a building committee, composed of the following gentlemen:
J. W. Shotwell, J. C. Brown, Reuben E. Brown, L. D. Priest, A. K
Reyburn, James Hughes, and Robert Livingston. Services are held, for
the time being, in the M. E. Church.

Robert Livingston, now pastor of the Baptist Church in Richmond,
Missouri, is an Irishman, born and educated at Enniskillen, in the north of
Ireland. He was a Pedo-Baptist minister many years, but embraced the '
principles of the Baptist Church, and became a minister thereof, in Clin-
ton county, Missouri, in the year 1869. Robert Livingston came to
America in 1855; was naturalized in 1876, and is now fifty years of age.
He is deeply interested in the work in which he is engaged; is devoted
to the members of his charge, and is a genial, obliging companion, as
well as a pious, pure-minded man.

PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH (OLD SCHOOL) AT RICHMOND.

Organized, under an order from the Presbytery of Missouri, (O. S.) on
the first Saturday in February, A. D., 1843, by J. L. Yantis, D. D., and
Lewis Green, ruling elder.

Following is a complete list of the original members, to-wit: Dr.
Thomas Allen, James T. McCoun, Joseph M. Lapsley, Isaac White, A.
M. Harrison, William Rives, Thomas Slaughter, Baldwin King, Mary
McCoun, Margaret L. McCoun, Judith White, Susan M. Dunn, Judith
Williams, Ann Sevier, Elizabeth Leeper, Sally J. Harrison, Susan E.
Bullock, Nancy Hudgins, Ann Rives, Elizabeth Hooper, Ann Allen,
Henrietta Watkins, Margaret Sibley, Harriet Tinney, Maria A. Davis
and Margaret Turner, making a total of twenty-six.

During the first eight years of its existence, the church was able to
secure only occasional preaching, by Dr. Yantis and by Revs. Coulter,
Fulton and others, who were engaged in missionary work.

In 1851, the church was visited by Nathan H. Hall, D. D., and during
his stay much interest was taken, and a number of persons were added to
the church.

From 1852 to 1858, the friends of Presbyterianism in this section
exhausted their means and energies in a vain effort to establish and endow
Richmond College.

The failure of this enterprise, after so prolonged an endeavor, so par-
alyzed the church that it had little more than a nominal existence till 1867,
when it was visited by Rev. J. A. Quarles, of Lexington, Missouri.
During a series of meetings then held, the session of the church was
reorganized by election of officers; and a deep interest was awakened,

332 HISTORY OF RAY COUNT V

which largely pervaded the entire community. For the purpose of hold-
ing these meetings, the members of this church availed themselves of the
generous courtesy of other denominations in furnishing them places of
worship.

In the course of the two succeeding years, under the labors of the
Revs. Quarles, Carson and Nail, there were large accessions to the mem-
bership of the church, and it had thoroughly recovered its wonted life
and prosperity.

In November, 1869, a large, substantial brick church edifice was erected
in Richmond, at a cost of ten thousand dollars, and dedicated by Nathan
L. Rice, D. D.

From 1867 to 1872 Rev. R. Carson was part of the time supply, and
part of the time pastor.

From 1872 to 1878 the church was partly supplied by the appointments
of Presbytery and partly by Revs. Quarles and Cheney — each, for a
time, holding preaching twice a month.

June 1, 1878, the church was entirely destroyed by a terrific cyclone
which swept through the town of Richmond, leaving a pathway strewn
with debris, devastation and death.

In consequence of this disaster there were no regular Presbyterian ser-
vices in Richmond until the fall of 1880. At that time Revs. Quarles and
Leyburn visited the church and for a few months past Rev. Quarles has
been supplying the church, holding services twice a month in the hall of
the opera house.

STATISTICS.

The church roll shows that in 1846, by removals and death the mem-
bership was reduced to eighteen.

The largest enrolled membership, at any one time, was in 1872, when
it reached ninety-eight. That number has been reduced by the causes
above stated, till the present membership is only forty-four.

The whole number of persons enrolled as members of this church from
its organization to the present, is one hundred and seventy-one.

Of the twenty-six original members only five are remaining.

Following is the list of those who have been elected ruling elders:
1843— Dr. Thomas Allen, James T. McCoun, J. M. Lapsley; 1S51— I.
N. White, James L. McCoun; 1856— R. W. Finley, G. W. Buchanan;
1867— Josiah Turner, George W. Dunn, Robert Sevier; 1871— D. B.
Palmer, Isaac Ruflner; 1881 — John Laforgee.

M. E. CHURCH SOUTH, AT HARDIN.

The M. E. Church South, at Hardin, was organized in 1845, by Rev-
erend B. H. Spencer. It worships in a new frame building, erected in
1880, at a cost of $1,600. The building is owned by several denomina-

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 333

tions, in common, but we have been unable to obtain a report from any
of them, save the Methodist, and what we have received of that is
extremely meager.

The following persons have been pastors of this church: Reverends
Callaway, Ellington, Dunlap, Penny, Mattox, Bell, Penn, Cooper,
McEwen, Johnson, Proctor, Alexander, Bone, Holliday, James, Meffert,
Tanquary, and Babcock.

Number of present membership, seventy-four.

NEW SALEM CHURCH, (o. S. PRESBYTERIAN.)

On petition of certain members of the Bethel, Liberty, and Richmond
churches, and of other Presbyterians, residing on and near Crooked
river, in Ray county, Missouri, the Presbytery of Upper Missouri
appointed Reverends Richard H. Allen and Robert Scott, ministers,
and Caleb Wilson, ruling elder, a committee 'to organize said petitioners
into a church, to be called New Salem Presbyterian Church.

The committee assembled at the place appointed, on the 18th day of
June, A. D. 1849, and organized the church with the following original
members: Josiah Morrow, Dicy Morrow, Vincent Morrow, Mary Emily
Cummins, James Cummins, Jedediah Smith, Jane Smith, Calvin H.
Cummins, Benjamin Snoddy, Susannah Snoddy, Sarah Snoddy, Ann K.
Burton, William Murray, Eliza O. K. Murray, Thomas Cummins, Ann
Cummins, Ann Rives, Ann L. Allen, Eupha Cummins, Madison B.
Cummins, Robert Rives, William Henry Rives,and Elizabeth J. Parton.

The congregation met on the same day, and chose William Murray
and Jedediah Smith, ruling elders; and as such, they were ordained and
installed.

September 16, 1849, session met and was opened with prayer by Rev.
R. H. Allen, moderator. After satisfactory examination, Susan A. and
Emily J. Smith were received into the church. Session closed with
prayer by Rev. R. H. Allen.

September 17, session met and was opened with prayer by Rev. R.
H. Allen, moderator, and by William Murray and Jedediah Smith, elders.
Columbus P. Rivers, William Monroe Woods and Sarah Jane Parton,
after satisfactory examination upon experimental religion, were received
as members of the church. Closed with prayer by Rev. R. H. Allen.

September 22, session met and opened with prayer by Rev. Allen,
moderator. Mrs. Sarah Morrow, upon certificate, and Charlotte Jane
Cummins, upon profession of her faith in Christ, were received into the
church as members therof. Closed with prayer by Rev. R. H. Allen.

September 23, session met and was opened with prayer by Rev.
Allen, moderator. The following persons, after satisfactory examination,
were received as members of the church: Mary Jane and John Joiner,

334 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

William R. Burton and John G. D. Burton. Closed with prayer by Rev.
Allen.

September 25, session met and opened with prayer, as usual, by Rev.
R. H. Allen. Joseph Cook, after professing his faith in Christ, was re-
ceived into the church. After prayer by Rev. R. H. Allen, the session
adjourned.

At a meeting of the members of New Salem Church, October 30, 1869,
J. A. Smith was elected ruling elder, and the following day, Sunday, was
ordained to that office, Rev. D. Coulter, presiding.

In 1872 the congregation erected a substantial frame church at Lawson.
It is well furnished, stands on a commanding eminence, and is an attract-
ive building. The number of present (1881) membership is thirty-nine.

September 22, 1872, the session met, before public service, in their new
house of worship, at Lawson, and was opened with prayer. Present,
Reverend J. M. Scott, moderator, and Elder J. A. Smith. Mrs. Hen-
rietta Rhaum and Miss Victoria Ann Smith appeared and desired mem-
bership in the church; whereupon, after the usual examination, they were
received into full fellowship, they having previously been baptized.
Closed with prayer by Elder J. A. Smith.

PISGAH CHURCH — MISSIONARY BAPTIST.

Organized August 12, 1849, by Reverend Robert James. Original
members: B. W. Howlin and wife, of Clay county, O. C. Brook, Mrs.
A. A. McCoskrie, Jno. Cox, James Cox, Wm. Morris, Hiram Morris,
Isaac Massingale, Belinda Garner, Mary Estes, Mary Nowlin, Adelia P.
Wyman, Samuel Cleavenger, and Mary Cleavenger.

The church house is a frame, and was erected in October, 1854. Not
dedicated.

Pastors: Robert James, Jeptha S. Smith, James W. Sacray, William
McClellan, T. N. O'Bryant, G. W. Smith, J. W. Luke, John Harmon, S.
H. Carter, J. N. Wheeler, and J. W. D. Hunt.

Present membership, sixty-three. Pisgah Church is located in town-
ship 52, range 29.

NEW HOPE CHURCH — M. E. SOUTH.

New Hope Church was organized in the year A. D. 1851. The build-
ing, a substantial frame, commodious within, and comfortably furnished,
was erected in 1869, at a cost of $3,000, and is situated near Millville, in
Grape Grove township. The original members of this church are as fol-
lows: Thomas H. Noble, Nancy Noble, James Elliott, Elizabeth Elliott,
Thomas Kincaid, Louisa Kinkaid, Cecil B. McCuistion, Sarah McCuis-
tion, D. Williams, Catherine McBee, David McBee and Catherine Craig.

The church edifice was dedicated by Rev. W. M. Newlan, March 5,
A. D., 1879.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 335

The following is a list of the pastors since 1851, viz: Joseph Devlin,

Joseph S. Todd, A. E. Sears, Blackwell, W. E. Dockery, Wtn, Penn

(assistant), J. W. Mattox, William Sutton, Daniel Penny, Samuel Alex-
ander, G. Tanquary, William Jordan, James A. Spencer, R. N. T.
Holliday, C. Babcock and J. L. Meffert.

New Hope Methodist Church has at present one hundred and four
members, and is in a healthy condition, morally and materially.

GROVE CHAPEL, M. E. CHURCH SOUTH,

was organized May 2, 1859. The building is a frame, cost six hundred
dollars, and is located in Grape Grove township.

Original members: — John Brown, Matilda Brown, Caleb Brown, Mar-
tha Brown, W. D. Fortune, Mary Fortune, Sally Brown, Perry Brown,
Turner Elder, Polly Elder, Elizabeth Elder, D. C. Noffsinger, Mary C.
Noffsinger, Fanny Noffsinger, John Noffsinger, Warren Hayes, Virginia

Hayes, Allen Charlton, Narcissa Charlton, Eppa Holder, Mrs. Holder,

William Holder, Austin Harlow, Susan Harlow, Martin Elder, Mrs.

Water, Allen Rathburn, Mrs. Rathburn, Enoch Rathburn, Elizabeth

Rathburn, Conrad Oester, Reverend Samuel Grove, Paulina Grove, Mar-
garet Grove, J. A. Divelbiss, Julia Divelbiss, Samuel Davis, Dennis, and
Lucinda Davis.

WAKANDA CHURCH, GERMAN BAPTIST.

Organized about 1866.

Names of original members: — John Vantromp and wife, and Joel Spit-
zer and wife.

The church house — a frame — was erected in 1871, cost one thousand
dollars, and is situated near Crooked river, in Crooked River township —
extreme northern part.

Reverend John Hayes was the pastor.

S. B. Shirkey, Eli Metts, and Addison Harper are the present ministers.

PLEASANT VIEW CHURCH, CHRISTIAN.

Prior to 1866 there was no organization 0f the Christian Church in
Polk township, although a number of persons in that township held fel-
lowship with Christian congregations at Richmond and elsewhere, in
adjoining counties.

About the 1st of August, 1866, Elder John C. Lawson, a carpenter, as
well as preacher, and at that time plying the former vocation in the
neighborhood of the present site of Pleasant View, commenced a basket
meeting in a beautiful grove in William Crowley's pasture, and continued
the same nearly a fortnight. The result was several confessions and
immersions. Great interest was awakened; and, at the close of the meet-
ing, partial organization was effected, by electing David J. Bisbee and
Thomas J. Crowley elders. Elder Lawson was engaged to labor for the

336 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

church occasionally, and the place of worship was moved from Benton to
Butler school-house. Here the church was reorganized, and Andrew J.
Greenawalt elected elder, and William F. Potter and Samuel D. Osborn
deacons.

Services were held at Butler school-house till the following August,
when at a protracted meeting, conducted bv Elders G. R. Hand, Joseph
T. Rice, and J. C. Lawson, a resolution was passed to build a house of
worship at Pleasant View. Martin T. Real, James A. Potter, and A. Bis-
bee, Sr., were appointed a building committee, and vested with the power
of trustees to receive and hold in trust property that the church might
acquire. C. B. Bacon was chosen secretary and treasurer of the com-
mittee. A subscription-book was opened, and therein appear the follow-
ing names of subscribers and the amount contributed by each, viz:

Martin T. Real $ 96.30 Milton Piercy $ 25.00

Peter Clark 40.00 David J. Bisbee 161.70

S. D. Osborn 220.00 M. Buchanan 20.00

Win. Windsor 5.00 Peter Ptoney 10.00

John Pallett 15.00 A. Douglass 10.00

Wm. B. Chapman 15.00 Milton Becket 10.00

Jas. M. Stockwell 330.00 A. K. Piercy 10.00

E. V. Fowler 201.50 Cornelius Ebersol 5.00

J. K. Luther 60.00 Fowler & Buchanan 6.50

A. J. Greenawalt 105.00 Reuben Hawk 50.00

J. Whitsett 15.00 Robert Finch 10.00

W.F.Potter -. 30.00 John A. Goodman 5.00

John A. Buchanan 25.00 Jesse T. Roberts 70.00

Wm. Osborn 25.00 J. H. McDonald 2.00

J. A. Potter 363.00 R. W. Babcock 10.00

W. C. Halstead 11.00 Jas. Bronaugh 40.00

H. H. McClelland 25.00 James Melon 10.00

Chas. McClelland 25.00 James Green 2.50

Wm. H. Bales 5.00 G. W. Stockwell, Jr 5.00

John Hightower 5.00 Gideon Albright 5.00

J. H. Raum 15.00 C.B.Bacon 389.37

Frank Elston 10.00

Win. Crowley 185.00 $2,743.87

In due course of time the building was erected, and the same year,
1867, duly dedicated by Elder G. R. Hand, to divine service. It is a
well-built, neat, and attractive frame structure, and cost three thousand
six hundred dollars.

Pleasant View has (1881) seventy members. The edifice is situated in
section twenty-seven, of congressional township fifty-four, of range
twenty-nine.

ELK HORN CHURCH — CHRISTIAN.

The building is owned by the Christian and three other denominations,
but we were unable to obtain information regarding any of the organ-

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 337

izations, other than the Christian. We regret the omission, which on the
part of the writer, is unavoidable.

The names of the original members of the organization of Disciples,
worshipping at Elk Horn Church, are as follows: T. M. Stevenson,
Joseph Craven and wife, G. A. Sanford and wife, T. S. Vaughan and
wife, J. T. Ogg, Mary McCallum, Elizabeth McAfee, Moab Berry and
wife, M. McGaugh, and several others.

The church is a frame building, erected 1857, and when completed,
cost $1,100. It was dedicated, as to the Disciples, or Christians, by Elder
G. R. Hand and A. A. Pickeral. Reverend N. B. Peeler is the present
pastor. T. J. Ogg and J. N. Smith are elders. William Ogg and T. S.
Vaughan are deacons. Present membership, twenty-five.

BETHLEHEM CHURCH — CHRISTIAN.

Organized in September, 1868. Among the first members were: J.
D. Gordon, Arch. Moss, R. Moss, J. Messmer, J. N. Davis and others.

The church building was erected in 1869. It is a frame, located on sec-
tion seventeen, township fifty-four, range twenty-eight, and cost $1,100.
It was dedicated in 1869, by Wm. Morton and Anderson Pickeral. Pas-
tors: A. Pickeral and N. B. Peeler.

In 1875, a division occurred in this church, growing out of a difference
in the views of its members on the subject of dancing. The faction favor-
ing that amusement withdrew, and, building a house of worship, called it
the

V HOUSE OF PRAYER.

It is situated on section thirty, township fifty-four, range twenty-eight;
was built in 1876, at a cost of about four hundred dollars. About twenty
members — having withdrawn, as stated above, from Bethlehem church —
formed the original organization. They retain the name, Christian, meet
regularly, and are in a prosperous condition — the membership having
increased to sixty-two.

M. E. CHURCH SOUTH, AT LAWSON.

Full reports of this church could not be obtained. It was pi obably
organized about 1870. Among the original members we mention the fol-
lowing:

George James, Selina Morrow, Mary Cox, Mary Tiffin, Margaret
Allen, Sarah Crowley, Alexander McDonald, Joseph McDonald, G. F.
Crowley, Fanny Huff'.

R. H. Jordan, Jesse Bird, W. C. Campbell, J. A. Hyder, J. Devlin, L.
F. Linn, A. M. Kiergan and H. A. Davis, have been pastors of this
church. It has seventy-five members.

CHURCH OF CHRIST OF CHRISTIAN UNION, KNOXVILLE CHARGE.

This church was organized in 1871. The original members were as

338 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

follows: H. Whitsen, J. Greason, J. Cook, J. Turney, S. Leabo, Joel
Leabo. The church owns no house, but holds services in a school house.

Names of pastors: D. H. McLuse, H. Holman, Andrew Arnote, J.
W. Horder. H. Holman is the present pastor.

The number of present membership is about sixty. The church is
prospering, and contemplates erecting a church edifice at an early date.

The doctrines of the Christian Union are probably not so well under-
stood by the general public as are those of most other religious denomina-
tions. The church advocates an experimental religion, and endorses bap-
tism, administering it to satisfy the conscience of the subject; and also the
Lord's supper. It disfavors debate; its object being to bring all Christian
people together. It differs from the Methodist church mainly in church
government.

Subjoined is a declaration of views on the unity of the Church of Christ,
adopted by the general council of the Christian Union, held at Wesley,
Indiana, May 15, 1878. Christian Union principles:

1. The oneness of the Church of Christ.

2. Christ the only Head.

3. The Bible our only rule of faith and practice.

4. " Good Fruits " the only condition of fellowship.

5. Christian Union without controversy.

6. Each local church governs itself.

7. Political preaching discountenanced.

The above is a distinct and formulated statement of the principles of
the churches of the Christian Union.

REORGANIZED CHURCH OF JESUS CHRIST OF LATTER DAY SAINTS.

The district in which this branch is located was organized in 1872, and
contains six branches, with a membership of about two hundred in the
aggregate. Original members, A. J. Blodget, J. S. Lee, L. W Babbitt,
James Wood, W. C. Kinyon, J. W. Johnson, Joseph D. Craven, James
Milligan, and E. W. Cato.

The church house is a frame edifice, and was built in 1881, at a cost of
seven hundred dollars. It is situated on section 33, township 51, range 26.

Joseph D. Craven has been presiding elder of the district since the
year 1872. His charge includes the membership of Ray, Platte, Carroll
and Livingston counties. Rev. E. W. Cato is pastor of the church.
Ray count}^ has only two branches, numbering about sixty-five members
in all.

We have received two conflicting statements concerning the branches,
of the district referred to above, in this county, which we are unable to
reconcile, but we have gleaned the information here presented from both,
with the hope that it will be intelligible, at least, to those most interested.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 339

M. E. CHURCH SOUTH, AT TAITSVILLE.

The original members were, G. W. Cones and wife, John Tait and
wife, S. F. Siler, John Reavis and wife, J. S. Barbee, Henry Myers and
wife, Frances Bennett, and Sarah Shumate.

The church house is a very neat frame, and was built in 1880. Its cost,
when completed, was one thousand dollars.

The following persons, among others, have been pastors of this church,
viz: J. Bovee, N. A. Keyes, T. B. Bratten, — Henley, — Butler, —
Mozier.

The present membership is eighteen. Preaching twice a month.

HICKORY GROVE CHURCH (UNION.)

Hickory Grove Church building is in Crooked River township, situ-
ated in a beautiful grove, not far from the river. It was erected in 1876,
at a cost of one thousand two hundred dollars, and is owned by four
denominations, all of which are prospering, and worship together in the
most beautiful harmony.

M. E. CHURCH SOUTH, IN KNOXVILLE TOWNSHIP.

Original members: Emanuel Peter and wife, J. Switzer and wifey
George Peter and wife, Jacob Jackson and wife, G. Vandever and wife.
The church house is a frame, erected in 1876, at a cost of $2,500. J.
Switzer, Perry, and Leeper have been pastors.

This church has about one hundred members, and is doing well. A
Sunday-school, of thirty-five pupils, convenes regularly every Lord's day.

In connection with the church is a cemetery, established in 1876.

PLEASANT VALLEY CHAPEL, CHRISTIAN UNION OF MISSOURI.

This church was organized December 30, 1877, with the following origi-
nal membership: Cleason Robertson, Susan Robertson, Jas. Snider, Mary
Snider, Nathaniel Pike, George Porkony, Jeremiah Turner, Octavia
Basham, Mary Fair, Annie Youngblood, and Emma McCall.

The church building, a neat and attractive frame, conveniently and
tastily furnished, was completed August 1, 1S80, at a cost of one thousand
dollars, and dedicated the 26th of the same month, by Elder J. V. B,
Flack, of Missouri City, Clay county, Missouri.

Rev. Andrew Arnote is now (1881), and has been since its organization,
pastor of this church. Under charge of Rev. Arnote the church is
prosperous, progressive and harmonious.

Its membership has increased until it now numbers eighty-seven.

The edifice is located in Richmond township, about seven miles north
of Richmond.

It is appropriate to append the following, as reported to the thirty-
sixth annual council of the churches of the Christian Union, of Missouri,
convened at Salem Chapel, Clay county, Missouri, September 16, 17, 18
and 19, A. D. 1880.

340 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.
ON STATE AND WISHES OF THE CHURCHES.

After careful examination, your committee finds the churches in a good
and prosperous condition. New churches have been added to many of
the charges; new chapels have been erected; pastors employed at stated
salaries; new members quite frequently received in the churches; houses
in good repair; peace prevails among the membership; the doctrine of
Christain Union is well understood and maintained by our many live local
churches; prayer meetings are held, and the attendance upon public
preaching is often very large and universally good; our churches are lib-
eral and generous toward all religious people.

ON BIBLE CAUSE.

We, your committee, report 1st, That we favor the general circulation
of King James' translation of the bible; 2d, That we co-operate with the
American bible society in its good work; 3d, That we recognize the
bible as the great, grand, universal creed of the true church of Christ,
and will have no other creed.

ON CORRESPONDENCE.

We, your committee on correspondence beg leave to report,

1st. That we have continued to write numerous letters to different sec-
tions of our common field of operation, in which letters we have earnestly
presented the claims of this blessed Union cause.

2d. We have written to the leading state meetings, and received words
of cheer therefrom.

3d. We have carried on a correspondence with the prominent workers
in and out of the state, from whose pens we have personally learned that
our cause was well entrenched in the hearts and minds of all our most
useful and successful workers.

4th. We have written to churches in various parts of the state, send-
ing all the words of good cheer we possibly could.

5th. In our correspondence at home and abroad, we find no apparent
weakening on the part of Christian Union advocates; all are more confi-
dent, with but very few exceptions.

6th. We have extended our correspondence beyond our immediate borders
and have received words of cheer and good fellowship from D. L. Moody,
J. V. Farwell, J. Cook, President Abernethy, Dr. Lyman Abbott, Dr. N.
F. Ravlin, H. L. Hasting, H. W. Beecher, and many others, whose
worthy names we have not space to mention.

7th. Our correspondence with Tennessee and Kentucky Christian
Union assures us that the cause is rapidly gaining influence in those
states. Good cheer reaches us from Brothers Deason, Cook, and others,
giving accounts of the rapid and effectual advance of the work among
their brethren.

8th. Correspondence shows to us that the good brethren in the north-
eastern portion of Missouri are pressing the work of Union with earnest-
ness and faithful prayer.

9th. We have many communications from Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio
and elsewhere, written by private brethren, in which we have very cheer-
ing news concerning the advance of our active preachers and church
workers.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 341

10th. From letters in our possession we learn that quite a large num-
ber of members have united with us in the various states; that new
churches have been established, and new chapels erected, and dedicated
to the worship of Almighty God.

11th. We receive urgent appeals to send ministerial help to destitute
localities.

12th. Great anxiety is manifest on the part of all our brethren, —
whose hearts are in the work — in relation to our having a firmly estab-
lished printing house. Letters reach us almost daily, urging that we
advance and lead off in this undertaking. Many matters have presented
themselves to us, which time and space will not permit recounting.

ON RESOLUTIONS.

We, your committee, report that, as resolutionsi expressive of our views,
we refer our friends to the resolutions of the last state meeting, and those
of the last general council. We stand upon the broad and catholic plat-
form received and acknowledged by all Christians as essential to salvation.
Our people are resolved to hold to no dogma calculated to produce and
promote division in the church of God.

ON BOUNDARIES.

We, your committee, see no occasion for a change in boundaries, and
recommend that they remain as heretofore; but suggest that district
councils be held by the brethren of northeast Missouri.

ON SUNDAY SCHOOLS.

We, your committee, beg leave to report as follows: We would solicit
the churches in different localities to establish Sunday-schools in their
community without any sectarian principles connected with them; to
establish them upon the principles and platform of American Union.
Raise your children under the sway of the sceptre of Union and the one-
ness of the church of Christ; create within them large Union hearts. We
would further recommend that the council instruct the state evangelist to
do all in his power to organize American Union Sabbath-schools in the
different localities visited by him, believing that the Sabbath-school is the
nursery of the church.

ON FINANCE. *

We, your committee, report that some of the charges do not support
their pastors as liberally as should be done, and therefore we urge that
every church should contract with its pastor and pay him -promptly. That
every member be required to pay to the support of the gospel among
them. That the elders see to it, that every attendant on our services
be invited to contribute to the support of the minister, that no one may
fail of 'an opportunity to do his duty; that our members be advised to
pay as the Lord has prospered them, so that our pastors may not be
embarrassed in their calling.

ON FRATERNAL RELATIONS.

We, to whose care the matter of fraternal relations was submitted one
year ago, report as follows:

1st. That brotherly love and peace pervades our home churches and
membership, clerical and lay.

342 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

2d. That the best of good feeling exists toward the brethren and
the general work throughout the entire confines of the Christian ;Union
field.

3d. That the reports we receive from the fraternal messengers who
have been appointed to the previous state councils, indicate the best of
results.

4th. As your committee, we hereby officially extend our right hand of
fellowship to every Christian Union man and woman in the world.

5th. That we herebv and herein declare that, as a people, we stand
ready to fraternize with every Christian person or body of persons whose
love and kindliness will prompt them to co-operate with us in our efforts
to lead perishing mankind to the blood-stained cross of Jesus.

6th. That in our fraternal overtures we draw no party lines nor pre-
scribe any sectarian or sectional boundaries or edicts, but ask for broth-
erly love and affiliation on the primal and essential truths of God's dear
Son — our Savior.

7th. We rejoice to know that partisanism and sectarian denomination-
alism are rapidly dying out, and the great and holy principle of a soul-
saving gospel getting hold upon and deeply in the hearts of good and true
Christians in all the various religious organizations.

8th. The indications, everywhere, justify the conclusion that the
religious elements of our country are drawing closer and still closer
together.

ON PUBLISHING INTERESTS.

We, your committee on publishing interests, report as follows:

1st. That the Witness has been suspended, and we are, therefore,
without a church organ at present.

2d. That our cause is amply strong to maintain and support a print-
ing house, at which all needed printing can be done at reasonable rates,
and a good Christian Union paper provided for the promotion of our
cause.

3d. We therefore propose that this council appoint a committee of
• five, whose duty it shall be to proceed and raise means sufficient to buy a
printing office, with all needful appurtenances, to print a Christian Union
paper, etc., etc.

4th. That this committee be ordered by this body to use their wisdom
in the plan of securing a publishing house, to-wit: That they induce one,
two or more brethren to provide said office and have the proceeds there-
of, and hire the editor; or, else, that said committee raise a general fund
in a sum sufficient to buy an office complete — said sum to be raised by
contributions throughout the brotherhood, by a canvass among the local
churches; and that said office be the common property of the donors, and
to be used, for all time to come, as the publishing house of the Christian
Union.

5th. That we, after buying this office, authorize this said committee of
five to arrange with Bro. J. V. B. Flack, our former editor, to run the said
office and edit a Christian Union paper for a period of, at least, five years;
unless, in the judgment of the committee and donors, his services should
be discontinued and another take his place, or said editor desires to relin-
quish the office of his own motion.

6th. Furthermore, we direct that said committee take under advise-

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 343

ment the idea of the combined contributions of the Christian Union and
public generally buying a printing office outfit complete, and then tender
the use of said office for five years to Brother J. V. B. Flack, allowing
him to have the use of the material, free of all expense, for said period, on
condition that he provide a Christian Union weekly paper for our people,
he, the said J. V. B. Flack, to receive all the proceeds for subscription and
for job work done by the said office, he paying all the expenses for run-
ning said office, and keeping up the same to a point of usefulness.

With these suggestions we leave the matter with the council and the
contemplated committee of five, should you in your wisdom appoint one.

ON PUBLISHING MINUTES.

We, your committee, advise that the proceedings of this council be
printed in pamphlet form, and that means be raised at once to defray the
expense thereof.

ON EXAMINATION AND ORDINATION.

We, your committee, report that, after careful examination, we com-
mend as proper candidates to ordination, Bros. J. R. Franklin and A. S.
Gechter.

ON EDUCATION.

We, your committee, commend to your notice the wisdom and propri-
ety of sound education. We urge that our members seek to give their
children the advantages of learning. We suggest that at an early period
we adopt measures to secure in our council bounds a first-class college,
and until then we commend Rutherford College, Happy Home, North
Carolina, to the patronage of our people. We also desire to hereby express
our thanks to the above named college and its learned faculty for the
merited honor they conferred upon our fellow worker, Brother J. V. B.
Flack, in constituting the said beloved brother a doctor of divinity. His
learning and faithfulness have rendered him worthy of all honor.

ON TEMPERANCE.

Resolved, that we are a temperance people; that we co-operate with all
movements tending to help lift up the fallen inebriate; that we condemn
the manufacture, sale and use of ardent spirits as a beverage; that we do
not believe in organizing political parties on the temperance question, but
think we should promote the cause by the machinery of the church and
the conversion of the souls of the unfortunate.

ON UNFINISHED BUSINESS.

We, your committee, after careful examination, do not find any unfin-
ished business demanding attention.

ON PUBLIC WORSHIP.

We, your committee on public worship, submit the following complete
report : Preaching, Thursday night, by Elder A. Arnote ; preaching, Friday,
at 11 A. m., by Elder J. R. Franklin; preaching, Friday night, by Elder A.
S. Gechter; preaching, Saturday, at 11 a. m., by Elder N. Nickeson;
preaching Saturday night, by Elder N. H. French; social meeting, Sun-
day, at 9 A. m., by Elder D. H. McClure; preaching, Sunday, at 11 a. m.,
by ( Elder G. W. Mitchell; sacramental meeting, at 3 p. m., by Elder H.

344 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

Holman; preaching at night, by Elder A. S. Gechter, followed by Elder
J. V. B. Flack.

ON MEMORIAL.

Since, in the mysterious providences of God, our Heavenly Father,
some of the beloved members of the Missouri Annual Council have been
called from labor to reward, from earth-life to heaven-life, from mortal to
immortal shores, from this valley of grief and partings, to the clime of
glory and reunion : Therefore, we express our sense of their absence and
our Christian condolence for the bereaved families of the deceased, by
hereby recording their names, in token of the fact that their meritorious
character and many exceeding excellencies are embalmed in the warm
hearts of the members of this Annual Council. That the coming future
and its generations may not be oblivious to the estimable and enviable
memory of Elder Samuel Leabo, and Brothers G. W. Madden and Wil-
son Samples, we hereby declare that those beloved brethren were true
and worthy citizens of our common country, and of the Christian Union
and the State Council of Missouri ; that they left behind them abiding
evidences of their faith in the Lord Jesus Christ, and the joyful assurance
of an abundant entrance into the eternal City of God, and the endless fel-
lowship of the saints. May the angels of heavenly wing ever watch over
their silent graves.

PLEASANT VALLEY CHAPEL.

Brother Ephland writes the church report of the above-named church:
This church is a new organization; was established by Elder Andrew
Arnote; has sixty-two members in good standing; have enjoyed the spirit
of revival during the last year; the pastor is very much appreciated for
his ability, zeal and piety; have erected a commodious new church house,
tastefully finished, and paid for; the house was dedicated by Elder J. V.
B. Flack, D.D.; it was claimed that 2,000 persons were in attendance at
the time of dedication; our future looks bright; we adhere to the doctrine
of church union; the word of God is our only creed; we are living in
daily evincement of the teaching of the 17th chapter of St. John.

REPORT OF ELDER A. ARNOTE.

Dear Brethren: Tongue cannot express the thankfulness of mv
heart — to an allwise and loving Father — for the preservation of our lives
and the many blessings extended to us during another year. It has
pleased the good Lord to spare us so that we can meet once more and
behold each other, face to face. I rejoice, brethren, that we can meet and
congratulate each other that our work is prospering and Christian Union
is moving forward every da}', but let us not think that we will gain the
victory riding on flowery beds of ease. The devil trembles ' lest the
prayer of our blessed Savior be fulfilled, and the world made to believe;
therefore he contends for every inch of ground we pass over, and sectar-
ianism turns its artillery upon us. As men increase in education and a
knowledge of the Lord, they naturally desire to throw off the yoke of
bondage and dwell together in unity and love, consequently sectarian lines
are beginning to break, and many are deserting and coming over to our
ranks, hence we may naturally expect a strong resistance from their lead-
ers, but, dear brethren, stand firm fear; not to declare the doctrine of
Union. Christ prayed for it, God ordained it, and as sure as God sits upon

HISTORY OK RAY COUNTY. 345

the throne, Christian Union will prevail, and God's people will be one. I
have served as pastor of Graham, Union, Rocky Fork, and Pleasant
Valley churches during the year past; have held rive protracted meetings
on my work, all resulting in grand success; God's people were revived,
sinners convicted, and mourners converted at each meeting; I have wit-
nessed forty-eight conversions during the year, and received sixty.five
members in the churches ; I leave my charges in good spiritual condition ;
to God be all the glory. Pray for me that I may be an humble and suc-
cessful co-worker with you for Christ and Union.

A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE CHURCHES OF THE CHRISTIAN UNION.

In the beginning, when God created man, and then woman, and
brought her to the man, he pronounced them one. Of one family, — most
intricately united — he started the wheels of generations. The extensive
domain of earth was to be thronged by one and the same stock of human
beings. The early generations were kept in the favorite relation of unity
and peace as long as they remained in favor of and under the guidance of
the original All-One-Father. When, by the introduction and conquests of
sin, the normal status and condition of man was changed; then war, dis-
quiet, unrest, discord and division tided in upon the world's destinies, and
consequently, the world's happiness. Satan and sin have ever been the
fruitful, prominent and effectual causes of the absence of peace and union,
and the presence of war and disunion. The position has historically dem-
onstrated itself in all and every age of the past developments of human
life and society. It would be doing an injustice to God, to intimate that
He created intelligent, immortal, and undying souls, for the mere purpose
of variance, inharmony, hate, and cruel vengeance. His spirit, and every
attribute, puts the Great Maker on the side of quiet, peace, comfort, and
joy to all beings into whose nostrils He breathed the breath of life. Jeho-
vah has frowned upon and condemned every divisional and discordant
note that ever broke its remorseless sound upon the ears of ever-living
and eternally intelligent mankind; the angelkind, before the world's birth,
or before the stars had hymned their songs of joyful praise, knew that
peace and union must tranquilly ever play its balmy zephyrs around the
dazzling throne; that there could not be a heaven with warring winds,
and roaring storms; croaking raven, and screaming eagle; roaring lion
and howling wolf, God carefully maintained the blessings of unity
among his chosen people, until they turned their backs upon him. When
any people, of any country, turn away from God, they are left to them-
selves, and are riven and torn in twain. Had past generations remained
loyal to the King of Kings, the floods of blood, carnage, conflagration,
and death, that have devastated the earth, would never have occurred.
The great hand and arm of God has been visible at all times, and the evi-
dent maintenance of peace and pleasantness among his children, has ever
written — in letters of adamant — that the Divine One was not pleased with
the presence of the elements of discord and sin. Historic Israel teaches
that God desires and designs to preserve a united commonwealth. Jesus
Christ, the Son of God, came heralded by peace messengers, and mes-
sages of " Peace on earth, good will to men." Fittingly the Temple of
Janus was closed, and the whole world was desirous of universal rest and
peace. The angel host sang " good news," while the audience of har-
22

346 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

monious stars gave them noiseless reverence; and Bethlehem's happy,
social, and united shepherds looked upon the scene with rapture and
delight. Christ came to unite, and keep united, the hearts of his follow-
ers; hence, he bound them with every common tie and sacred chord of
love; finally, sealing the consummated union with his own royal and
divine blood. One with the Father, he came to make his people likewise
one.

The same holy principle led and stimulated the mission and work of
the apostles, and was proclaimed and clearly inculcated in all their teach-
ing. Paul forcibly presented the necessity of this doctrine in his epistles,
and doubtless urged it in all his wondrful and vivid discourses. The
principle of the unity of God's people lies in the very genius of the gos-
pel, and the effects of saving grace on the heart and life of every rescued
sinner proves the naturalness of the holy and lovable sentiment: "As ye
receive Christ Jesus so walk ye in Him." The good Christian, who
can read the illustrious prayer of Christ, recorded in the 17th of John, and
not believe in the union of Christians, has not been found. God never
meant that his people should be divided. Christ emphatically taught us
to be one, declaring that " there shall be one fold and one shepherd." Paul
says: "Since there are wars and divisions among you, are ye not carnal,
and walk as men?"

For about two hundred years after Christ there was love, union, peace,
and quiet, when wicked and ambitious priests created discord, schism, here-
sies and sects. The long series of sins and mistakes that followed, until
over six hundred rival sectarian bodies were formed, cannot be noticed in
this connection. Now, what? The object of the Christian Union move-
ment is to go directly back to first principles, take up the same doctrines
of Christ and the apostles, ignore all the isms and dogmas that have caused
sects, and seek to promulgate pure primitive Christianity, standing on
essentials only. These churches, now numerous, and these Christians, now
an army for multitude, declare that they adhere to and advocate the fol-
lowing sentiments, common to every real child of God: (1) The oneness
of the church. (2) God, our Creator and Father. (3) Christ, our Savior
and only head. (4) The Holy Spirit, our regenerator. (5) The Bible,
our only jcreed. (6) Good fruits, our only condition of fellowship. (7)
Each local church governs itself. (8) The right of private opinion. (9)
Christian and church union, without controversy about questions that
neither save nor damn the soul.

LAWSON BAPTIST CHURCH.

This church was organized October 4th, 1879, by Elder W. C. Barrett.
Following are the names of the original members: Mary Hollingworth,
Josephine Palmer, Tillie Asbury, Lottie. Asbury, Mary Jones, Puss Hat-
field, Mary L. Smith, Sarah Ahart, Jennie Robinett, Eliza Garrison, J. L.
Smith, William Ahart, M. Nicholson and John Garrison.

The house of worship is frame; was built in 1879, and cost $1,082.92.
The building was dedicated on the first Lord's day in s August, 1880, by
Revs. W. C. Barrett, of Plattsburg, and T. W. Barrett, of Jefferson City.
The pastor of this church is Rev. W. C. Barrett. The present member-
ship is seventeen.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 347

EDUCATIONAL.

PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF RAY COUNTY.

It is to the interest of every man to live in a refined, moral and educated
community. Ignorance is the handmaid of vice. Education promotes
the happiness, harmony and general well-being of society. Where
ignorance prevails, religion is neglected, progress impeded, crime increases,
and disorder reigns. The only way of improving the social, mental and
moral status of mankind is, by the dissemination of useful knowledge
among all classes, in every community. The great aim of education, in
the true meaning of that term, is to make mo?-al beings of those upon
whom the advantages of learning are bestowed. Therefore, every mem-
ber of society is equally interested in the diffusion of intelligence. Every
man and woman in Ray county is mutually benefitted by the means of
education, placed within the reach of all. The good of society demands
that every member thereof shall receive at least a common school educa-
tion. It is the one true way of promoting the peace, good order and pros-
perity of the state. Where public instruction is fostered and maintained,
men are prosperous and progressive in every department of life. Educa-
tion upholds religion, propels the machinery of government, and sustains
the whole fabric of society. To no community of Christian people is this
fact better, or more appreciatively known, than to the citizens of Ray
county; and to their encouragement and maintenance of common schools,
under the laws of the state, is largely due the enviable prosperity the
county enjoys.

Section I. of Article VI. of the first constitution of Missouri, declared,
that: " Schools and the means of education shall forever be encouraged
in this state; and the general assembly shall take measures to preserve
from waste or damage such lands as have been, or hereafter may be
granted by the United States, for the use of schools within each town-
ship in this state, and shall apply the funds which may arise from such
lands, in strict conformity to the object of the grant; one school, or more,
shall be established in each township, as soon as practicable and neces-
sary, where the poor shall be taught gratis."

The general assembly subsequently provided for the appointment of
commissioners by the county in each county court, to preserve from waste
or damage the school lands mentioned above; and at the first term of the
county court in Ray county, April 2, 1821, the court "ordered that John
Shields, John Stanley, James Snowden, Sr., John Hutchings and Samuel
Tilford be appointed to superintend and preserve from waste, all school
lands in this county; and that they be empowered to lease or rent the
same for any term not exceeding five years."

348 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

Thus, at a very early day, was an interest taken in free schools by the
officials and residents of the county.

As soon as possible after the completion of hovels in which to live, and
of preparations absolutely necessary for their sustenance and comfort,
the first settlers commenced the building of school houses. Such as they
built were poor and mean, it is true, but they could do no better, and
doing their best, they did well.

The character of the first schools, and school houses, and where located,
have been given elsewhere in this work.

There are, at present, (May, 1881,) one hundred and twelve school
buildings in the county. They are commodious, comfortable and sub-
stantial, and comport well with the advanced and improved condition of
the county, in other than educational affairs.

The municipal townships are divided into school districts; and the
employment of teachers and the control and management of the schools
(except as to the authority of teachers) are vested in a board of directors,
composed of three members, elected by the qualified voters of each dis-
trict, at the annual school meeting, which is held on the first Tuesday in
April, of each year.

The public teachers of Ray county, who receive a certificate of qual-
ification from the county commissioner, are liberally, though perhaps not
quite adequately, paid for their services, and it is fair to say that, as a rule,
they are exceptionally industrious and competent.

Mr. Lindsey Dickey, a courteous, agreeable gentleman, now principal
of the Taitsville public school, has, doubtless, been longer continuously
engaged as teacher in the public schools of Ray county, than any of his
brother teachers, he having taught in this county for fifteen successive
years.

Thomas M. Deacy, Esq., county commissioner, kindly furnishes us the
following educational statistics of the county, for the year 1880. It is
simply a copy of his report to the state superintendent of. public schools;
and it is believed that, especially in after years, it will be of peculiar
interest.

Following is the report:

To Hon. R. D. Shannon, Superintendent of Public Schools, Jefferson

City, Missouri:

Sir: — In obedience to section 38, school law of Missouri, I have the
honor to submit the following report:

Number of white children in the county between six and twenty years
of age: Male, 3,535; female, 2,946.

Number of colored children in the county between six and twenty years
of age: Male, 329; female, 227.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 349

Number of white children attending school during the year: Male,
2,448; female, 2,112.

Number of colored children attending school during the year: Male,
192; female, 153.

Total number days attendance all such scholars, 306,720.

Average number days attendance by each, 63.

Number of days school has been taught: Summer, 34; winter, 102;
total, 136.

Average number of scholars attending school each day: Summer, 14;
winter, 26 ; total, 40.

Number of teachers employed during the year: Male, 102; female,
28; total, 130.

Average salary of teachers per month: Male, $37.52; female, $25.94 —
$31.73.

Number of school-houses in the county, 112.

Number of buildings rented for school purposes, none.

Number of scholars that may be seated in the various school-houses in
the county, 5,432.

Number of white schools in operation, 97.

Number of colored schools in operation, 15.

Value of school property in the county, $46,560.

Average rate per $100 levied for school purposes in the county, 40 cents.

Assessed value of property in the county, $39,415.95.

Amount on hand at beginning of school year, $8,818.27.

Amount received for tuition fees, $10.

Amount received from public funds, state, county, and township, $11,-
285.95.

Amount paid for teachers' wages in the county during the year, $22,-
484.60.

Amount paid for fuel, $851.66.

Amount for repairs or rent of school-houses, $632.44.

Amount paid for incidental expenses in the county during the year,
$615.95.

Amount paid for erection of school-houses or purchase of sites,
$1,548.55.

Amount expended in defraying past indebtedness, $1,918.66.

Amount paid for library, $30.10.

Amount paid as salaries of district clerks, $81.55.

Amount of unexpended school funds in the county at the close of the
year, $7,895.48.

Very respectfully,

Thomas M. Deacy, County Commissioner,

This 18th day of September, 1880.

350 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

RICHMOND COLLEGE.

In the year 1851, the ynod of the Presbyterian Church of Missouri
realizing the importance of establishing a first-class college to be under its
control, resolved, " That the time is come to arise and build," and
appointed a committee composed of elders from different parts of the state,
to examine such places as should offer inducements for its location and
report at the next meeting of synod.

In 1852, the committee reported, and four places were put in nomina-
tion, Booneville, Richmond, Fulton and St. Charles.

For some months preceding the meeting of synod in Fulton, October,.
1852, the most vigorous efforts were put forth in Ray county to raise a
large subscription in money and land in order to secure the location of the
college at Richmond.

The county was thoroughly canvassed by able speakers, who set forth
the great advantages that would result, not only to Richmond, but the
county, by securing the location of this institution of learning at our county
seat.

The Richmond Herald, the only newspaper published in the county at
that time, the publication of which commenced in March, 1852, in a num-
ber of able and spirited editorials and articles urged the great importance
of this movement, and called upon the people of Ray county to present a
liberal subscription to the synod that was to meet at Fulton in the ensu-
ing October.

After a thorough canvass the subscription realized from the county was
$15,000 in money and ten acres in land within the limits of the city of
Richmond. The subscription in money was subsequently increased to
$18,00t). This was regarded as the best subscription made by any of the
contending points.

A delegation of citizens was selected to represent the county, and pre-
sent its claims for the location of this institution of learning at Richmond,
to the Presbyterian synod of Missouri that was to meet at Fulton, Cal-
laway county, Missouri, on Tuesday. October 12, 1852.

The delegation consisted of Dr. George W. Buchanan, Joseph S.
Hughes, William Boyce, Dr. Henry C. Garner, James W. Black, and
Captain William M. Jacobs.

Reverend David Harbeson, Hon. Austin A. King, who was then
governor of Missouri; Hon. E. M. Samuel, of Clay county, Missouri;
Reverend T. A. Bracken, and a number of other prominent citizens from
western Missouri, were present advocating the claims of Richmond as
being the most eligible place for the location of this institution of learning.

The claims of the other contending points were also ably presented,
especially those of Fulton and Booneville. Hon. John Jameson, of Cal-
laway county, and other prominent citizens, made the most earnest efforts

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 351

in behalf of Fulton. Considerable influence was exerted by the citizens
in Fulton and vicinity with whom the Presbyterian clergymen were
quartered during the session of Synod. The delegation of citizens from
Richmond, it is proper to state here, -were all quartered at Hackady's
hotel and most hospitably entertained, but met with no Presbyterian cler-
gymen entertained at this hotel from other portions of the state than
western Missouri.

Hon. John G. Miller, then a member of congress from the third district
of Missouri, made a most eloquent and impressive speech in favor of
Booneville, presenting its claims with great clearness and vigor of thought.
The ingenuity of his arguments, in showing that Booneville was the most
elegible point for the college, and the most flourishing central city of Mis-
souri, was highly complimented by many in the audience.

On taking the vote, after all the contending points had been duly heard,
Fulton received a majority of the votes of the synod, and was consequently
declared to be the most eligible place for the location of the Presbyterian
College. Richmond received a large number of votes, being the only
strong contending point against Fulton. Booneville and St. Charles
received but a few votes.

The Reverend Hiram P. Goodrich, after the question of the location of
the college had been decided, suggested the name, Westminster, as the
most appropriate name for the college, which was adopted by the synod.

Considerable disappointment was manifested by the friends of Rich-
mond, who had advocated its claims for the location of the college. An
effort was therefore soon made by the Presbytery of Upper Missouri, to
establish a Presbyterian College at Richmond, Missouri, on the endow-
ment plan from scholarship. Vigorous efforts were at once made to place
the projected scheme on a proper basis. The citizens of Ray county
agreed to guarantee the building fund of $15,000, and the Presbytery of
Upper Missouri to guarantee the endowment fund of $40,000.

The act giving Richmond College its charter of incorporation was
passed by the seventeenth general assembly of Missouri, February 23,
1853.

The preamble to the act of incorporation is in the following language :

Whereas, The presbytery of Upper Missouri, (O. S.) in view of
the rapidly increasing population of that portion of the state, denominated
Upper Missouri, and the existing and prospective necessity of educational
institutions of a high order, desire to locate, erect and endow, a college of
said character, in or near the town of Richmond, in Ray county, to meet
said necessities; therefore,

Be it enacted by the general assembly of the state Missouri as follows:
That William Dickson, R. S. Symington, A. V. C. Schenck, T. A.
Bracken, Robert Scott, I. W. Canlield, J. B. Harbison, James Young,
A. H. McFadden, A. W. Hutchins, John G. Taylor, J. B. Slaughter, E. M.

352 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

Samuel, W. M. Paxton, Robert Sevier, James L. McCoun, R. H. Smith,
Robert Clark, D. F. Green, N. Davis, J. R. Allen, and George W. Dunn,
shall be, and they and their successors in office, are hereby constituted a
body politic and corporate, by the name, "The Trustees of Richmond
College."

The first meeting of the board of trustees of Richmond College, was in
the city of Richmond, on Thursday, the 29th of December, 1853. The
following trustees were present: George W. Dunn, William Dickson, A.
V. C. Schenck, Thomas A. Bracken, J. B. Harbison, I. W. Canrleld, James
L. McCoun, Lewis Green, Nathaniel Davis, George I. Wasson, Robert
Sevier (resigned).

Soon after the complete organization of the board of trustees was
effected, arrangements were made for building the college. The contract
for building it was let to William Hunter, in the year 1856. The site
selected for it was in the southern suburbs of the city of Richmond, on a
beautiful eminence called College Hill, surrounded by a delightful and
inviting "campus."

The work of the building had progressed so far, and was so near com-
pletion by September, 1856, that the lower stories could be occupied for
the purposes intended by the board of trustees. Richmond College was
therefore formally opened in September, 1856, for students. Reverend
John L. Yantis, D. D., a distinguished Presbyterian divine, was duly
installed as president of it. Prof. Oliver Cunningham, a teacher of great
experience and ability, was selected as professor of languages. Professor
Rufus B. Finley, a teacher of high standing, and a thorough mathemati-
cian, was chosen for the position of professor of mathematics. There
were also assistant teachers in the different departments. The college
opened with the most flattering prospects; a large number of students
was soon in attendance, and everything connected with this young insti-
tution of learning seemed to progress most admirably, in every respect,
for about two years. About this time it was ascertained that the resoures
and liberality of the presbytery of Upper Missouri had been overesti-
mated. The friends of Westminster College, at Fulton, charged a want
of good faith, on the part of the presbytery of Upper Missouri, that had
been one of the contestants for the synodical college; that having failed
in obtaining it, it should have acquiesced in the decision of synod in estab-
lishing the college at Fulton, in October, 1852; that it should not have
engaged in an enterprise and movement that placed it in an opposing atti-
tude to the interests of the synodical college at Fulton. This was the
prominent cause of the enthusiasm waning for establishing a Presby-
terian College at Richmond, and in a great measure caused the enterprise
to give way. It was also ascertained at this time, that the financial
scheme for endowing the college from scholarships, was far from being a

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 353

success, and fell far behind the expectation of the friends of the college.
At the end of two years it was found that the fund realized from the
endowment plan by scholarships was only $13,000 of the $40,000 prom-
ised, and agreed upon. Failing, therefore, to realize a sufficient amount
from the endowment fund to meet the annual expenses of the college, and
that a debt was rapidly accumulating, the presbytery of Upper Missouri
submitted to the board of trustees of Richmond College the proposal that
the presbytery would assume the entire indebtedness, not only the debt to
the teachers, which had become a considerable one, but to relieve it of
indebtedness of every kind, and cancel the guaranty bond of the citizens
of Ray county for the building fund of $15,000 for Richmond College, on
condition that the guaranty bond of the presbytery of Upper Missouri,
for the endowment fund for $40,000, should also be canceled, and- the col-
lege building revert to the people of Ray county. This proposition was
accepted. The agreements were not fully complied with until some years
afterward. The presbytery of Upper Missouri relinquished all claim to
the college building and grounds, which reverted to the people of Ray
county, Missouri.

Some time, however, before this arrangement had been consummated,
James R. Allen, of Ray county, had completed the Richmond college
edifice, at his own expense, and received the grateful acknowledgments
of the synod of upper Missouri in a resolution passed in session at Lex-
ington, Missouri, September 29, 1860. The synod of Upper Missouri
was organized some time after the presbytery of Upper Missouri had
engaged in the work of locating, erecting, and endowing the Richmond
college. This explanation is made to show the connection of the synod
of Upper Missouri with the Richmond College, and all matters pertain-
ing to it.

Some of the original trustees of the college having resigned, the follow
ing board of trustees were elected, and classed as required in the charter
by the synod of Upper Missouri, at the session held at Lexington, Sep-
tember 29, 1860: First class, composed of Judge George W. Dunn, Rev.
Robert Scott, George I. Wasson, Lewis Green, and Rev. Ralph Harris;
second class, Rev. I. Canfield, Dr. B. A. Rives, Preston Dunlap, James Fur-
guson, and A. W. Hutchins; third class, Benjamin J. Brown, Geo. W.
Buchanan, D. F. Green, Rev. D. Coulter, D. D., and Dr. I. M. Keith,
any seven of which to constitute a quorum.

After it was ascertained that Richmond College could no longer be
-sustained on account of the reasons already mentioned, private schools
were organized, and taught in the college building, one by Rufus W. Fin-
ley, and one by George B. Turner. These schools were well patronized,
and admirably conducted, until the spring of 1861, when the blast of
" grim-visaged war" was heard in the land, they ceased to exist.

354 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

Richmond College building from the commencement of the great civil
war until its close, instead of being the temple of learning, the home of
star-eyed science, became, from necessity, a fortress bristling with bayo-
nets, and arrayed in all the fierce panooly of war.

From 1862 till 1865 large bodies of troops were quartered in it at dif-
ferent times, and as a natural consequence the injuries it sustained were
considerable. As soon as practicable after the close of the war, repairs were
made to the college building by the board of trustees, and it was put in as
good condition, if not better, than it was before the commencement of the
war. In September, 1867, a tier of lots on the east and west sides of the col-
lege ground, extending entirely across it from north to south, was sold, in
accordance with legal process, and the amount realized from said sale
was appropriated to the liquidation of a portion of the debt against the
trustees of the college building. James R. Allen instituted suit against
the trustees of Richmond College, in 1862, in Ray county circuit court,
for the amount of money advanced by him to complete the college build-
ing in the year 1858, but dying before the suit was determined, the admin-
istrators were substituted as plaintiffs in the case. Failing to obtain
judgment in the circuit court, the cause was appealed to the 5th district
court of Missouri, held at St. Joseph, Missouri, and on being heard,
resulted in a reversal of the judgment of the Ray county circuit court.

This claim was afterward fully satisfied bv the trustees of the college.

Public schools were taught in the college building in 1867, by B. F.
Winfrey, Mrs. Hannah Cunningham and others.

In 1868 one session of school was taught in it by Prof. J. W. Lewis,
Prof. B. F. Winfrey and Mrs. Hannah Cunningham and assistant teachers.

In September, 1868, Rev. Samuel J. Huffaker opened a high school in
the college building, for the co-ordinate education of male and female
pupils. The faculty for the collegiate year of this school, from 1868 to
1869, were as follows: Rev. S. J. Huffaker, principal and teacher in the
several schools; Lafayette W. Groves, professor of ancient languages, and
assistant teacher in the several schools; Frank G. Gibson, professor of
pure and mixed mathematics, French, and assistant in the several schools;
Miss Mattie Steele, mistress of primary school; Miss Docia Smith, assis-
tant in library school; Miss Ruth B. Colgan, principal of music school.

College home, Mrs. S. J. Huffaker and S. J. Huffaker.

The board of trustees at this time, 186S to 1869, were: Judge G. W.
Dunn, president; Dr. W. W. Mosby, C. T. Garner, Esq., G. I. Wasson,
Esq., treasurer; Judge Walter King, Joseph S. Hughes, Esq., J. C. Cates
Esq.

In the year 1869, the presbytery of Upper Missouri, relinquished
all claim to the college building and grounds in compliance with an agree-

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 355

meant that had been previously made. The college building and grounds
therefore reverted to the people of Ray county.

Teachers in Richmond College in scholastic year from 1869 to 1870:
Samuel J. HufFaker, principal; Lafayette W. Groves, professor of lan-
guages; Frank G. Gibson, professor of mathematics; Mrs. F. M. Pritch-
ard, mistress of primary school; Miss Ruth B. Colgan, principal of music
school.

Board of trustees from 1869 to 1870, were as follows: Judge Geo. W.
Dunn, president; Dr. W. W. Mosby, C. T. Garner, Esq., Geo. I. Was-
son, Judge Walter King, J. C. Cates, Esq., Joseph S. Hughes, and Isaac
Hale, Esq.

Teachers in Richmond College, scholastic year from 1870 to 1871 : Sam-
uel J. HufFaker, principal; Lafayette W. Groves, professor of languages;
Frank G. Gibson, professor of mathematics; Miss M. A. S. Clark,
teacher in intermediate department until February, 1871; Miss Mary
Woodson, successor to Miss Clark, in intermediate department; Miss
Alice Colter, teacher in primary department; Miss Ruth B. Colgan,
principal in music school.

Board of trustees from 1870 to 1871: Geo. W. Dunn, president; C. T.
Garner, secretary; Geo. I. Wasson, treasurer; Dr. W. W. Mosby, Judge
Walter King, Joseph S. Hughes, J. C. Cates, and Isaac Hale.

The graduating class of this year were: Miss Lucy S. Menefee, Miss
Ollie Miller, Miss Sallie Harbison, Charles J.- Hughes, Jr., James W.
Garner, and Geo. W. Sweich. The essays and orations of this class on
commencement day, were splendid efforts. They sparkled with brilliant
thoughts, and glowed with beautiful imagery.

Teachers in Richmond graded school, from 1871 to 1872, organized
under school laws of Missouri as Richmond public school:* N. B.
Peeler, principal; F. G. Gibson, professor of mathematics; Rev. Sam-
uel E. Derackin, teacher in intermediate department; Mrs. F. M. Pritch-
ard, teacher in intermediate department; Alvin S. Child, teacher in pri-
mary department; Miss Alice Colter, teacher in intermediate department;
Miss Flora Child, teacher in primary department; Miss Bettie Lynch,
teacher in primary department; Miss Docia Smith, teacher in primary
department.

Board of directors from 1871 to 1872, were: Dr. W. W. Mosby, presi-
dent; C. J. Hughes, Sr., secretary; A. K. Reyburn, treasurer; Geo. W.
Dunn, D. H. Harbison, and Geo. I. Wasson.

*The public school in Richmond, Missouri, was first organized in the year 1859. Prior
to that time the public moneys were distributed among the children residing in the terri-
tory afterward.-* included in the Richmond school district, who attended the various pri-
vate schools. Joseph E. Black taught the first session of the public school, assisted b}r
Miss Cynthia J. Cole. The public school was continued until the organization of Rich-
mond College, in 1871, as above stated.

356 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

Teachers in Richmond College, for the scholastic year from 1872 to
1873, were as follows: S.J. Huffaker, principal; T. F. Peake, professor
of languages; Reverend Thomas B. King, intermediate department, suc-
ceeded by Thomas J. Dodd, in February, 1873; Miss Emma Pybas, high
school department; Miss Maggie Jackson, intermediate department; Miss
Docia Smith, primary department; Miss Bettie Lynch, primary depart-
ment; Mrs. Ruth B. Colgan, music teacher; Thomas J. Dodd, (successor
to Thomas B. King), teacher from February, 1873, to close of term.

Board of directors from 1872 to 1873: W. W. Mosby, president;
Chas. J. Hughes, secretary; A. K. Rayburn, treasurer; Geo. W. Dunn,
Geo. I. Wasson, and Henry C. Garner.

Teachers for the scholastic year from 1873 to 1874 — (board of trustees
same as from 1872 to 1873): S. J. Huffaker, president; Thomas F.
Peake, professor of languages and elocution; James Jane Allen, profes-
sor of Greek, French, logic, and English literature; Charles J. Hughes,
professor of mathematics, mathematical science, and political economy;
Mrs. Clara K. Fore, intermediate department; Mr. Delos Luther, inter-
mediate department; Mrs. P. M. Luther, primary department; Miss
Docia Smith, primary department; Miss Bettie Lynch, primary depart-
ment; Mrs. C. M. Murray, vocal music; Miss Ruth B. Colgan, music
teacher.

Before the close of the session Miss Sallie Smith was chosen teacher in
place of D. Luther.

The graduating class of 1874 were: C. T. Garner, Jr., Miss Lizzie S.
Garner, Miss Josie H. Shweich, Miss Maggie E. Rimmer, and Miss Julia
M. Beyan.

Teachers in Richmond graded school, for scholastic year from 1874 to
1875: Samuel J. Huffaker, principal; Thomas F. Peake, professor of
languages; Charles J. Hughes, professor of mathematics; Z. M. Willis,
intermediate department; Mrs. Clara Fore, intermediate department;
Miss Docia T. Smith, Miss Bettie Lynch, and Mrs. S. E. Percival, pri-
mary department; Miss Ruth B. Colgan, music teacher.

The board of trustees for this year were: Dr. W. W. Mosby, presi-
dent; Charles J. Hughes, secretary; A. K. Rayburn, Geo. W. Dunn; H.
C. Garner, and Geo. I. Wasson.

Graduating class of 1875: William Banister, Geo. Warriner, Warner
Holt, Miss Maggie Hughes, Miss Mollie Rodman, Miss Susie Demasters,
Miss Ida Carter, and John R. Watkins.

Teachers in Richmond graded school, from 1S75 to 1876: Samuel J.
Huffaker, principal; Thomas F. Peake, professor of languages; Charles
J. Hughes, Jr., professor of mathematics; Z. M. Willis, intermediate
department; Mrs. C. Fore, intermediate department; Mrs. S. E. Perci-

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 357

val and Miss Docia Smith, primary department; Miss Ruth B. Colgan,
music teacher.

Board of trustees, same as preceding year.

Graduating class of 1876: Esrey S. Gosney, C. McCoun, Charles J.
Parks, Ami Hughes, and Edward Carson.

Teachers in Richmond graded school from 1876 to 1877: S. J. Huff-
aker, principal; Joseph Godby, professor of languages; C.J. Hughes, Jr.,
professor of mathematics ;G. M. Caldwell, intermediate department; Mrs.S
E. Percival, teacher in primary; Miss Josie Sweich, teacher in primary; Miss
Bell Jacobs, teacher in primary; Miss Ruth B. Colgan, music teacher;
Miss M. D. Morehead, music teacher.

Board of directors from 1876 to 1877, were: James L. Farris, president;
Chas. J. Hughes, secretary; Geo. I. Wasson, John T. Quirk and Geo. W
Dunn.

Teachers in Richmond graded school from 1877 to 1878: Samuel J.
Huflaker, principal; N. B. Peeler, professor of languages (resigned);
Elder James E. Dunn, succeeded N. B. Peeler ;T. F. Peake, professor of
languages; Mrs. S. E. Holt (formerly Mrs. Percival), primary depart-
ment; Charles B. Armstrong, elected to succeed Mrs. Holt; Josie Sweich,
primary department; Mrs. Mary H. Menefee, primary department; Mrs.
Mary H. Shaw, primary department; Miss Ruth B. Colgan, music
teacher.

Board of directors from 1877 to 1878, were: Jas. L. Farris, president;
C.J.Hughes, secretary; Geo. I. Wasson, John T. Quirk, James D.
Taylor, George W. Dunn.

Teachers in Richmond graded school from 1878 to 1879: Rev. Jas.
Greer, principal; Jno. P. Anshu, intermediate department; Miss Ann
Greer, intermediate department; Miss Docia Smith, primary department;
Miss Bettie Lynch, primary department; Mrs. Mary H. Menefee, primary
department.

Board of directors from 1878 to 1879: Geo. W. Dunn, president; Jno.
C. Brown, J. T. Taylor, Geo. I. Wasson, Geo. N. McGee, secretary; and
Thos. J. Dodd.

Teachers in Richmond graded school from 1879 to 1880: B. F. Dun-
can, A. M., professor of history, rhetoric, English literature, civil govern-
ment, mental and moral philosphy, international law; J. M. Long, A. M.,
professor of natural sciences and latin; C. B. Shotwell, A. B., professor of
mathematics and physiology ; W. S. Tompkins, principal of intermediate
department, teacher of fourth grade; Mrs. J. M. Long, third grade; Miss
Nettie Keith, second grade; Mrs. M. H. Menefee, first grade; Miss Ada
Butler, teacher of instrumental music.

Board of directors from 1878 to 1879: James L. Farris, president;

358 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

Geo. N. McGee, secretary; Geo. I. Wasson, treasurer; Geo. W. Dunn,
Geo. W. Buchanan and James W. Black.

Teachers in Richmond graded school from 1S80 to 1881: Benjamin F.
Duncan, A. M., professor of history, rhetoric, English literature, civil
government, mental and moral philosophy, and international law ; James
M. Long, A. M., professor of natural sciences and Latin; Charles B.
Shotwell, A. B., professor of mathematics and physiology; William S.
Tompkins, principal of intermediate department, and teacher of fourth
grade; Mrs. J. M. Long, teacher of third grade; Miss Nettie Keith,
teacher of second grade; Mrs. M. H. Menefee, teacher of first grade;
Miss Ada Butler, teacher of instrumental music.

Board of directors from 1880 to 1881: James W. Black, president of
board of directors; George N. McGee, secretary until August 1,1880,
the time of his death. He was succeeded by George A. Hughes, by
appointment of board to fill vacancy. George I. Wasson, treasurer;
George W. Dunn, George W. Buchanan, James L. Farris.

Teachers for Richmond graded school, elected by board of directors for
scholastic year, from 1881 to 1882, to commence September 12, 1881:
Benjamin F. Duncan, A. M., principal; Charles Howard Greathouse, A.
M., first assistant; James Black, A. B., professor of mathematics and lan-
guages; William S. Tompkins, principal of intermediate department;
Miss Lucy Shotwell, teacher of fourth grade; Miss Lutie Palmer, teacher
of third grade; Miss Bettie Lynch, teacher of second grade; Mrs. Mary
H. Menefee, teacher of first grade; Miss Florie Duncan, principal in
music department.

Board of directors for Richmond graded school in 1881: James W.
Black, president; George A. Hughes, secretary; George I. Wasson,
treasurer; John C. Brown, George W. Buchanan, James L. Farris.

Teachers elected for colored school in Richmond for 1881 to 1882, to
commence September: John D. Waltan, principal; and Milan McGee,
assistant teacher.

The Richmond school is now one of the best in Missouri. The number
of puplis in attendance is very large. The course of studies is admirably
arranged, so as to make it complete and thorough in meeting, in every
respect, the requirements of a people distinguished not only for strong
practical intelligence, but also for refined culture and classical ele-
gance. Professor B. F. Duncan and his corps of able and accomplished
teachers have given this school a splendid reputation. The mode and sys-
tem of their teaching is fully up with all the successful modern improve-
ments in the art and science of educating, and keeps well to the front in
the advanced progress of the age. The broad foundation of a solid edu-
cation in deeply laid in the primary and intermediate departments, so that
on its Doric strength, the elegant and classical superstructure can be

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 359

reared in the higher departments, with all the graceful symmetry of Cor-
inthian pillars and Ionic wreaths.

The prospect for the future continued success of the school is flattering
in the highest degree. The good work so nobly done in the past, on the
part of the teachers in this school is a splendid guaranty of what the future
will be, in training the minds of our youth as they ascend the " hill of sci-
ence," in obtaining a virtuous and noble education.

Richmond College is situated on a beautiful eminence in the southern
addition to the city of Richmond, that affords a glorious view of the sur-
rounding country for many miles. No place in the west can boast of
greater advantages as a seat of a literary institution than Richmond. In
point of health it is unsurpassed. Its elevated situation frees it from all
local causes of malarious diseases. The water is pure, the air salubrious.
Some mineral springs have been recently discovered near it, St. Cloud min-
eral springs, whose health restoring qualities are attracting visitors from all
parts of our state. The college building is a spacious and elegant edifice,
of modern style of architecture, and makes a very attractive appearance
standing upon the crown of a graceful swell of a sloping hill.

The citizens of Richmond and vicinity knowing full well that education
is the "pearl of great price," have earned the well deserved reputation of
being great workers in the cause of education, doing all in their power to
foster, cherish, and sustain their noble institution of learning, so that it
may be the pride of their city and county.

The following is the report of Prof. B. F. Duncan, superintendent of the

Richmond graded school, for the scholastic year from 1880 to 1881, to the

board of education:

Richmond Public Schools, )
Richmond, April 29, 1881. \

To the Board of Education: Sirs: — I have the honor to present the
following as my report for the year closing with this date, being the second
annual report since my connection with the schools.

The year just closed, has been, to our people, one of great material
prosperity, and this has had a marked influence in the success of our
schools.

The number in attendance, as may be seen from our tables of statistics,
is largely in excess of last year's attendance, and we think that there is no
egotism in saying the work done is far better than during the preceding
year.

In getting up the crude materials from which this report is compiled, it
has been my custom to note from day to day such facts as seemed to grow
out of the experiences of the school room, and impressions felt at the time.
There are experiences in our daily work in the school room that are of
great value to the teacher, and if a proper regard is had to these, they
become the basis of many sound and healthful improvements. It has
been my aim to note carefully the effect of any experiment looking to the
improvement of the schools whether tentatively applied or proved by long
usages.

360 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

Our school population, since my last report, has increased about ten
per cent.

Below is inserted the annual report of the treasurer, showing the finan-
cial conditon of the schools.

* -* * * -* * * * * • •* * *

STUDIES.

It is believed that the curriculum of studies pursued in the Richmond
public schools is not only equal to that of any school, public or private, in
northwest Missouri, but superior to most and fully abreast with the pro-
gressive spurt of the age. The course of study comprising the ancient
languages, natural sciences and mathematics, is, we think, ahead of any
similar school in this part of the state.

By reference to the carefully and judiciously graded course of study, it
may be seen that the time required to complete it properly, embraces a
period of eleven years, from the time the child enters school at first, to the
time when it may, with due diligence, finish. It is true that many of our
students enter upon the active duties and employments of life before com-
pleting the entire course, feeling that they have acquired enough to meet
all the exigencies that may arise in life. This, in a certain sense is true;
but without additional expense to the community we are able to supply a
much larger and more thorough course of training, a course intended to
equip for the higher and professional walks in life. This higher training
cannot, I think, be well dispensed with, without great injury to your
schools and the course of education generally. In reference to the studv
of Latin, the decision of school officers in other free schools has been uni-
formly favorable to its retention. We are gratified that this has been the
result reached, if for no other reason than because there was a popular
demand for its continuance, which, if disregarded, would seriously injure
the standing of our schools. I am confident that any effort looking to a
further contraction of the excellent course of education at present in vogue
in our schools, would cause the withdrawal from it of some of the best
material now in attendance. The discussion of the advantage of the study
of Latin is an old one, but the history of education shows that no great
headway has been made by those who hold that it is a useless study.
The thorough study of a language that underlies the modern southern
languages, and is so largely interwoven with the English, cannot be an
unprofitable or unpractical study. The chief objection has appeared to
be that the results of Latin are not like those of what are called practical
studies. The student of surveying has the results of his knowledge in
tangible shape, while the results of Latin scholarship, like the moral train-
ing at home, are a part of and color everything done in life, and yet rarely
appear in such tangible form as to be readily separated and pointed out.
The study of Latin is the study of the crystalized embodied thought of
ages, that thought which underlies and has been made the foundation of
modern civilization.

One cannot study the language thoroughly, without better understand-
ing from a knowledge of that which underlies it, the drift of modern
thought. Every Latin word in our language, like the river at its mouth,
contains the spring that was the source, and all the contributions from all
sides on its way down to us ; to follow it back to its source, is not only
mental exercise of great value, but it is obtaining a knowledge of not the

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HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 361

language we speak alone, but also of the thought of this age in the
material which has contributed to and determined its direction. Certainly
the highest aim in education is the training of the mind, without which
practical knowledge is as useless and impracticable as a garret and its
useless contents. It is true that a mere smattering in any branch is not
training, and confers no practical benefits, but it is also true that it is the
very few that acquire more than a mere smattering, whether the aim be
practical knowledge or mental training. In thorough study of the ancient
languages, it is the experience and settled opinion of great educators, and
one demonstrated in the practical efficiency of thorough scholars in all
fields of human endeavor, that it confers the highest mental training, and
the highest practical efficiency and aptitude for all pursuits, as well as a
useful knowledge. It does not stand alone, and is not only not incompatible
with other studies, but the best preparation for thorough knowledge of
those things miscalled practical — miscalled when it is intended to convey
the meaning that the languages are unpractical study. This much has
been said in regard to the ancient languages, because of the belief in
their transcendant importance in that course of study, that would lay claim
to anything like completeness.

Let no one conclude that we undervalue the necessity of preserving
intact the full course of study in those departments that have contributed
so largely to the success and reputation of the schools in the past. Arrange-
ments have been made to place in charge of the mathematics a gentleman
of very high scholastic attainments, a graduate of the university of Michi-
gan, while another, a graduate of the university of Missouri occupies a
position in the school. We feel, therefore, thoroughly competent to the
work assigned us by the board of education.

TEACHERS.

In my report for last year, the teachers were commended for their dili-
gence and punctuality. I stated that the corps of teachers seemed to
recognize the pre-eminent force of example and to desire to conduct them-
selves in such manner as to render other means of securing good habits
on the part of the pupils unnecessary. This method, to a great extent*
was successful, as the character and conduct of the pupils amply proved.
The ability to set a proper example before his pupils is a necessary quali-
fication on the part of the teacher, and one that should be insisted upon by
school officers in the selection of teachers, and if, after a teacher has been
fairly tried, he is found wanting in this important respect, it is plainly the
duty of the board to displace him. No teacher, however, should be dis-
placed at the instance of prejudiced complainants or in compliance with an
ignorant and unjust popular clamor. There are times when communities
seem to forget that onerous and most delicate responsibilities rest upon
the teacher, the discharge of which renders it necessary that he should
combine in his own character some of the rarest elements that enter into
the make-up of a human being. It is believed that, 'with the exception of
a few notable instances, our corps of teachers have exercised great
patience and forbearance in dealing with refractory pupils, and, as said last
year, we are still able to say that in no instance have we been forced to
acknowledge even a partial failure by resorting to expulsion. In this con-
nection I would state that the right to inflict corporal punishment with the
23

362 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

very proper and necessary restrictions thrown around it by the board
meets all the demands of sound sense, merciful discretion, and public
justice.

I am glad to state that our board of education possess the firmness to
protect their employes in the legitimate discharge of their duties, and that
no teacher need fear displacement as a consequence of a rigid perform-
ance of duty. It would certainly be a great detriment to the successful
operation of the schools were any outside pressure permitted to operate to
such an extent upon the mind of the teacher as to cause him to hesitate
in the performance of any known duty, and no conduct would more
surely or speedily secure his dismissal than the manifestation of this time-
serving spirit.

We desire to pursue such a course with the corps of teachers in our
schools as will stimulate them to high and noble effort, and inspire them
with that degree of enthusiasm that will lead to prosperity and renown.

As the compensation received by teachers is a matter of great concern-
ment, you will excuse me for suggesting that liberality in this direction is
in perfect accord with the strictest economy in the management of school
finances. Demand controls supply, and low salaries command only a low
order of talent. Schools should be managed with the strictest economy,
but in my opinion there is no economy in employing cheap teachers.
Better dispense with the services of all incompetents and put double work
and larger salaries on those who are thoroughly informed and able to
impress their ideas. It is a suicidal policy that applies economy to the
extreme of driving off efficient service in any business. Especially is this
true of a profession in which personal qualification and character are
almost exclusively the forces employed to produce the results sought.

Finally, returning most sincere thanks to the members of the board
and of the corps of teachers who have co-operated with and assisted me
in the discharge of the complicated and arduous duties devolving upon
me, allow me to express the hope that under your control the schools will
continue to do well the important work for which they were established,
and that they will always command the respect, the confidence and the
cordial support of the entire community.

SOCIETIES.

A brief account of the various societies in Ray county, founded for
objects of usefulness, charity, profit, or pleasure, will be found interesting
and important. These organizations are beneficial alike to the individ-
uals who compose them, and to the community at large. That Masonry,
for instance, the chief and grandest of all secret orders, and which has
existed for centuries, 4ias wrought much good in the world, no one will
deny who impartially consider its results. It is an honor to be a Mason;
and the same is true of all other societies established for similar purposes.
We have taken special pains to gather the following information concern-
ing the different lodges of the county; and while the result of our effort
is not so gratifying as we could wish, it is believed to be, to some extent

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 363

valuable; especially as preserving in permanent form a record that might
otherwise be lost or destroyed.

RICHMOND LODGE, NO. 57, A. F. AND A. M.

The first meeting, looking to the organization of this lodge, was held
July 16, 1842. The date of dispensation, or by whom instituted, was not
reported, and we have been unable to ascertain. Its charter is dated
October 12, 1842; and the names of the charter members are as follows:
Charles R. Morehead, Sinclair Miller, David Bullock, Caleb Tompkins,
John Jackson, William Hudgins, James H. Smith, Charles V. Hern, Aus-
tin A. King, J. C. Richardson, and Wm. Berry. Of the above named
charter members, only the last named is now (April, 1881), living.

Among the first officers were the following, viz: Charles R. Morehead,
W. M.; David Bullock, S. W.; and Sinclair Miller, J. W.

The present officers are: W. A. Holman, W. M.; George W. Trigg,
S. W.; William Fitch, J. W.; W. W. Ewing, secretary; S. R. Crispin,
treasurer; J. W. Smith, S. D.; W. A. Williams, J. D., and John G. Bal-
lard, tiler.

R. B. Kice, of this lodge, is district deputy grand master, and also dis-
trict lecturer.

The members of this lodge owned a well furnished and commodious
hall, which, together with all their books, jewels, regalia, furniture, etc.,
was destroyed by a cyclone, June 1, 1878.

Since the organization of Richmond lodge, over 600 persons have
become members thereof.

CYRUS ROYAL ARCH CHAPTER, NO. 36, RICHMOND, MISSOURI.

This chapter was instituted by James Clowdsley; organized September
14, 1867, and a charter granted October 14, 1868.

The following are the names of the charter members: John F. Houston,
David Snowden, J. H. Anderson, R. B. Kice, B. F. Gray, John T. Quirk,
M. H. Allison, D. P. Proctor, William D. Albright, and D. D. Gant.

Names of first officers: John F. Houston, H. P.; David Snowden, E.
K.; J. H. Anderson, E.S.; R. B. Kice, C. H.; B. F. Gray, P. S.

Names of present officers: Lewis Slaughter, H. P.; S. R. Crispin, E.
K.; A. A. McCuistion, E. S.; R. B. Kice, C. H.; J. W. Smith, P. S.; J.
C. Brown, secretary.

The number of present membership is fifty, and the chapter is in a
flourishing condition.

The Hon. John F. Houston, who was a member of this chapter, was
elected grand master of the grand lodge of Missouri, for the years 1864,
'65 and ^66. He died of paralysis in St. Louis, December 7, 1870. His
remains are interred in the new cemetery at Richmond. Over his grave
the Masons of Missouri have erected a costly and beautiful monument.

364 HISTORY OF RAY COUNT V.

Mr. Houston was a man of broad charity, great heart, and untarnished
character, and dying, left a name to go down to posterity, pure and spot-
less and bright, and revered by all who knew him living, or read his his-
tory, now that he is dead.

HARDIN LODGE, NO. 322, A. F. AND A. M.,

was instituted by James E. Drake, W. M., of Wakanda Lodge, No.
52, D. G. L. Dispensation to establish this lodge was granted July 21r
1869, and its charter bears date October 12, of the same year. William
R. Hunt, W. C. Rifle, S. R. Crispin, D. W. Trigg, L. C. Rhinehart, A.
L. Bailey, James E. Johnston and Robert Livingston are the charter
members.

The following persons were the first officers: Robert Livingston, W.
M.; William R. Hunt, S. W.; W. C. Rifle, J. W.; S. R. Crispin, treas-
urer; D. W. Trigg, secretary; L. C. Rhinehart, S. D.; A. L. Bailey, J.
D. ; James E. Johnston, tiler.

Names of present officers: G. P. Long, W. M.; R. V. Seward, S.
W.; A. A. Thompson, J. W\; A. N. Barrett, treasurer; W. J. Roach,
secretary; John Tobin, S. D.; P. C. Smallwood, J. D.; W. R. Meador
and G. B. Hinman, stewards; J. B. Proctor, tiler.

This lodge is in a prosperous and healthy condition, morally and finan-
cially, and has a membership of thirty-seven.

MYRTLE LODGE NO. 338, A. F. AND A. M.

This lodge is located at Millville, and was instituted by Elias Parrott,
D. D. G. M. Date of dispensation, October 12, 1869; date of charter,
October 13, 1S70.

Following is a complete list of the charter members: Joseph F. Duvall,
R. S. Thomson, William M. McCuistion, Caleb Witcher, Silas Keith, A.
A. McCuistion, George W. McCuistion, George W. Lozier, J. M. Carter,
John Harrison, S. L. McCuistion, Ambrose Young, John Schooler, S.
S. Young, Kedar Wall, J. G. Williams, William Burnett, and A. R. Camp-
bell.

The names of the first officers are as follows: Joseph F. Duvall, W.
M.; R. S. Thomson, S. W.; William McCuistion, J. W.; Kedar Wall,
treasurer; A. A. McCuistion, secretary; J. M. Carter, S. D.; S. S.
Young, J. D.; S. L. McCuistion, tiler.

The lodge is officered at present (1881), as follows: J. M. Carter, W.
M.; G. W. McCuistion, S. W.; J. F. Duvall, J. W.; Kedar Wall, treas-
urer; S. S. Young, secretary; R. C. Craven, S. D.; J. P. Grimes, J. D.;
R. W. Fletcher, tiler; W. R. Pettus, chaplain; J. N. Graves and George
W. Lozier, stewards.

The number of present membership is forty-eight.

The members of this lodge erected in 1869 a very handsome frame

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 365

hall, at a cost of $1,800. This building, together with the furniture, jew-
els, regalia, etc., belonging to the lodge, was destroyed by fire March 12,
1878. The insurance of $1,000 was realized, and the hall was rebuilt the
same year, and dedicated May 3, 1879.

BEE HIVE LODGE, NO. 393, A. F. AND A. M.

This lodge, located in the town of Lawson, Polk township, was insti-
tuted by Dr. R. B. Kice, of Richmond. Dispensation was granted
December 8, 1870, and its charter is dated October 13, 1871.

The charter members were: Robert H. Finch, W. C. Halstead, A. C.
Peterman, B. F. Elston, Francis Brock, W. H. Stockard, James Whit-
sett, R. J. Clark, R. S. Morrow, Alexander Taggart, W. W. Smith, G.
W. James, John Crowley, Jere Whitsett, W. C. James, Joel Eastin, D. B.
Palmer, Milton Piercy, and others.

The first officers were: Robert H. Finch, W. M.; W. C. Halstead, S.
W.; Allen C. Peterman, J. W.; John Crowley, treasurer; R. J. Clark,
secretary; G. W. Montgomery, S. D.; James Morrow, J. D.: Francis
Brock, tiler.

The present (1881) officers are: W. M. Allison, W. M.; James Mor-
row, S. W.; J. T. Hurt, J. W.; J. C. Weakly, secretary; Joseph Rippey,
treasurer; J. H. Whitsett, tiler.

Bee Hive Lodge has, at present, forty-seven members, and owns a
commodious frame hall, built in 1870, at a cost of two thousand dollars.

ADA LODGE, NO. 444, A. F. AND A. M.

For the facts concerning this lodge, we are indebted to Captain R. H .
McWhorter, its secretary — an obliging gentleman, who called at our
office, in Richmond, to impart the information desired.

Ada Lodge building, a handsome frame, erected in 1872, at a cost of
$1,000, is in the town of Orrick, Camden township.

The lodge was instituted by Honorable Samuel J. Owens, grand mas-
ter of grand lodge of Missouri. Dispensation was granted February 24
1872, and its charter is dated the 16th of the following October.

The following persons were the charter members: J. W. Bain, J. J
Seth, E. M. Endsley, J. F. Pigg, M. G. Taylor, Joel T. Petty, Z. D
Ralph, and W. H. Campbell.

The first officers were: J. W. Bain, W. M.; M. G. Taylor, S. W.; J
J. Seth, J. W.; E. M. Endsley, treasurer; W. H. Campbell, secretary; J
F. Pigg, S. D.; Z. D. Ralph, J. D.; J. H. Petty, tiler.

The present officers are: M. G. Taylor, W. M. ; H. C. Purdue, S. W.
T. K. Kirkpatrick, J. W.; A. D. Brasher, treasurer; R. H. McWhorter,
secretary; T.J. Leak, S. D.; Rial Creason, J. D.; N. B. Pigg and Absa-
lom Cruse, stewards, and J. G. Herring, tiler.

Ada Lodge has forty members, and is in a flourishing condition, free
from debt, with $300 in the treasury.

36(5 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. •

RICHMOND LODGE, NO. 208, I. O. O. F.

This lodge was instituted by G. W. McKeon, of Lexington, Missouri-
A dispensation was granted in January, 1869, and its charter is dated
May of the same year. The following are the names of the charter
members: W. W. Orrick, J. T. Child, J. W. Harrison, C. S. W. Taylor,
Joseph Robb, F. M. Ball, William Carlyle, John Q. Word and William
Crouch.

The following persons constituted the first officers, viz: W. W. Orrick,
N. G.; John Q. Word, V. G.; William Carb/le, treasurer; J. T. Child,
secretary.

Names of present officers: • J. W. Harrison, N. G. ; H. P. Grow, V. G.;
John C. Bales, treasurer; B. Wigginton, secretary.

t The lodge at present, April, 1881, has thirty-six members. It is in
good working order, and all the members take a lively interest in its
prosperity.

LODGE NO. 205, I. O. G. T., MILLVILLE.

Instituted by John Y. Nesbit. Chartered March 20, 1879.

Names of charter members: J. M. Carter, Mrs. J. L. Head, J. L. Mef-
fert, J. P. Grimes, Ida B. Carter, Jere Wilson, Lizzie Carter, Allen
Thomson, Patty Bullock, C. C. Schooler, Dora Fowler, Susan Grimes,
Edward Bullock, Edward Boliver, E. M. Carter, and others.

First officers: J. M. Carter, W. C. T.; Mrs. J. L. Head, W. V. T.; J.
L. Meffert, chaplain; J. P. Grimes, secretary.

NEWSPAPERS OF RAY COUNTY, AND EXTRACTS.

Colonel James W. Black was the founder of the first newspaper pub-
lished in Ray county. It was called the Richmond Herald, and the first
issue thereof was presented to the public, Wednesday, March 17, 1852.
It was an attractive twenty-eight column sheet, form seventeen by twenty-
two inches, published weekly.
* The following little poem, written by "Ada " (Miss Pauline J. De Mas-
ters), is inserted, because appropriate — and for its own sake:

RICHMOND "HERALD."

Herald! bright messenger, welcome art thou,

Truth, purity, shine on thy beautiful brow;

We bid thee God-speed in this fair land of ours;

We list to thy voice in our loneliest hours.

Bright hopes are awakened and sweet dreams inspired,

The muse is invoked and our dull hearts are fired,

As we hearken the sound of thy silvery tone —

Where thou art a visitor, none are alone.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 367

Herald! thou star of first magnitude bright,
Thy beams will illumine the dark brow of night;
We see thee arising in beauty and power,
Amid thy competitors proudly to tower.
On the wild western border is a banner unfurled,
And bravely it floats o'er a wondering world:
Truth, beauty and wisdom are strongly combined
On that banner where virtue and love are entwined.

Then, Herald, arise, let thy proud voice be heard,
As the heart-thrilling tones of our " Liberty bird,"
Careering all brightly toward the blue skies,
And bathing his pinions in sunlight's deep dyes.
I see thee! I see thee! in beauty and power,
Breathing peace o'er each wild-wood and beautifal bower;
"Onward and upward," and holy and free,
Ever bright and untarnished thy future shall be.

Col. Black continued at the head of the Herald, as editor and proprie-
tor, till September, 1852, when he sold it to John B. Stoops and Frank
Stutzman.

In the spring of 1853, Stoops & Stutzman sold the paper to Rober Mil-
ler, Esq., of Clay county, Missouri. Thomas Smith became the publisher
and the name of the paper was changed to the Richmond Mirror. In
1857 it was sold by Robert Miller to Messrs. John Gwinne and John W.
Griffin. The latter gentleman became the sole proprietor in 1858, and
continued the publication of the Mirror until 1859, when it was sold, and
consolidated with the Richmond Bulletin, a newspaper published only a
short time in the year 1859, in Richmond, by Edward L. King, Esq.

Taking the name of the Northwest Conservator, it was published by
Richard M. Hubbell & Co., till 1861. In that year it was sold to Chris-
topher T. Garner, who conducted the paper till 1864, when it was sold
to Hawkins & O'Gorman. In 1865, O'Gorman sold his interest in the
paper to Richard M. Hubbell, and the firm name of the proprietors
became Hawkins & Hubbell.

In 1866, Hawkins & Hubbell sold the Northwest Conservator to Col.
Jacob T. Child, who substituted "• Richmond " for " Northwest," and the
name of the paper became the Richmond Conservator, and under that
name it is still— April, 1881 — edited, owned and operated by Col. Child,
who has greatly improved the paper by the addition to his office of a new
power press, modern machinery for job work, and a large amount of
type, fixtures, etc. His printing establishment is one of the best equipped
and appointed of any of its class in the state. The paper is democratic in
politics; is ably and impartially edited, and to the prosperity, amusement,
and instruction of the people of Ray county, the Richmond Conservator
is a sine qua non.

The first number of the Missouri Freeman was published in Richmond,

36$ HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

in the fall of 1865, by James A. Berry. Mr. Berry continued to publish
the Freeman till the last of November, 1866, when he discontinued its pub-
lication in consequence of the injury his press and material received from
a detail of Union soldiers, sent from Lexington, Missouri, at that time, by
Colonel Bacon Montgomery, to arrest the editor of the Freeman, James
A. Berry.

Colonel J. T. Child, editor of the Conservator, was also arrested at the
same time and taken to Lexington, but his printing press was not dam-
aged by the soldiers. Colonel Child was released the same day of his
arrest, and permitted to return to Richmond.

Mr. Berry, on his release, published a few more numbers of the Free-
man and then discontinued it, and removed with his printing press to
Kansas.

The Richmond Republican was started by Thomas J. Sutton, Esq., at
Richmond, in November, 1866. Mr. Sutton continued to publish the
Republican till 1870, when he sold it to his brother, William A. Sutton,
who, after publishing it a short time, sold it to Ed. Turner & Co., George
McFadden being the publisher. Ed. Turner & Company sold the
Re-publican in 1872, to Manias Buchanan, who in December of the same
year, sold it to George W. Hendley. The name of the paper was then
changed to Ray County Chronicle, the first number of which was pub-
lished December 28, 1872.

George W. Hendley continued the publication of the Chronicle till Feb-
ruary, 1875, when Julius C. Hughes became its owner by purchase. Feb-
ruary 26, 1875, the paper appeared under the editorship of Mr. Hughes,
and so continued until April 5, 1879, at which time he sold it to Colonel
Thomas D. Bogie. May 22, 1879, Colonel Bogie changed the name of
the paper to Richmond Democrat, and under that name continues its
editor and proprietor. The paper is much improved since he became its
owner. It is a reliable family newspaper, devoted to the interests of the
town and county in which it is published. It is, like the Conservator,
democratic in politics, and, as a county paper, ranks high among other
similar publications in Missouri.

Friday April 8, 1881, the first number of the Lawson Gazette was
issued. It is owned and conducted by the Lawson Publishing Company,
and is a twenty-eight column weekly paper, neat in appearance and
worthy of public patronage.

A few extracts from some of the first numbers of the Herald, the first
Ray county paper, will, it is believed, be of general and permanent inter-
est. We therefore subjoin the following:

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 369

FIRST NEWSPAPER EDITORIAL.

From the Richmond Herald, Wednesday, March 17, 1852.]

TO OUR PATRONS.

As an address is always expected upon the establishing of a paper, we,
in conformity with this custom, appear before the public.

As stated in our prospectus, we shall endeavor to maintain a strict neu-
trality in politics, reserving to ourselves the right of commenting upon all
affairs of state, in such a manner as may be considered consistent with the
character of a neutral paper; we shall, nevertheless, keep our readers duly
informed of all the political events that are transpiring, without entering
the arena of political strife, and becoming a partisan.

It shall be our constant aim and endeavor to make the paper a valuable
home journal, by devoting its columns principally to the promotion of the
interests of our rapidly growing section of country, which is unsurpassed
in fertility of soil, and possesses every facility for carrying on trade.

We shall give a place in our columns, with pleasure, to all articles
written for the advancement of trade, agriculture, the mechanics, and other
arts, education and morals.

We shall regularly publish such original and selected agricultural
articles in our farmer's column, as we shall consider calculated to excite a
lively interest in that greatest source of our wealth and prosperity.

It shall be our great aim to give variety to the columns — to have all its
departments sustained — to relieve the dryness of commercial and political
intelligence, with interesting tales, anecdotes, and other miscellaneous
matter.

We shall spare no pains in securing local items, as well as the latest
news, both foreign and domestic. In a word, we trust that our labors
shall render the paper a source of pleasure to every family circle to
which it may be a visitor.

With these few words of preface, we commit our enterprise to the
future, trusting to the liberal patronage of an intelligent community to
secure permanency and prosperity to the Richmond Herald.

PRESENTATION OF A MEDAL TO MR. CLAY.

The citizens of New York, desirious of presenting some testimonial of
respect to the Hon. Henry Clay, lately caused a medal to be prepared at
an expense worthy of the man, and highly honorable to the party paying
him this mark of respect, which was conveyed to this city by a delega-
tion of business men of that spirited, commercial metropolis, and pre-
sented to him, yesterday, at his lodgings at the National hotel.

The medal is of a circular form, three and a half inches in diameter;
the case of chased silver. The front of the case presents a view of Ash-
land, the residence of Mr. Clay — above which is engraved the monument
erected to Mr. Clay, on the great National (Cumberland) road. On the
other side is a picture of the capitol, the prominent theatre of his public
life. The front of the medal presents the head and bust of Mr. Clay,
in strong bas-relief, encircled by a prominent wreath, representing a
union of the states, in which the leading agricultural staples of the north
and south form the principal ornaments. On the reverse side are the fol-
lowing inscriptions, indicative of the illustrious periods in the life of Mr.
Clay: "Senate, 1806; speaker, 1811; war, 1812; Ghent, 1814; Spanish

370 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

America, 1812; Missouri Compromise, 1821; American system, 1824;
Secretary of State, 1825; Panama instructions, 1826; Tariff compromise,
1833; Public domain, 1832 and 1834; Peace with France preserved,
1835; Compromise, 1850.

The delegation appointed to deliver this token of respect and venera-
tion to the illustrious statesman, waited upon Mr. Clay at his private
chamber.

On presenting the medal, he was also addressed by the chairman of
the committee. To this address Mr. Clay responded:

Gentlemen: This is among the most interesting and gratifying days
Of my life, although I have been confined to these rooms for a long time
by a tedious and doubtful illness. You have come here the representa-
tives of a large and enlightened body of ardent and devoted friends of
mine in the city of New York, to present me a beautiful and costly gold
medal, intended to commemorate my public life. On one face are
engraved the great public measures, adopted in the national councils in
which I was supposed to have had any conspicuous agency; and on the
other a remarkable and accurate likeness of me. The time and place of
presentation, and the friends who have contributed this splendid testi-
monial, give to it an inestimable value.

The time is when I am about to retire forever from public life, and when
I cannot expect much longer to linger here below; the place is the city of
Washington, the principal theatre of these public services, which have
commended themselves to your approbation. Throughout my public life
I have been blessed everywhere in the United States with more or fewer
true friends to whom I am bound by the strongest sentiments of gratitude,
but nowhere have they surpassed those in the city of New York in
zeal, constancy, and fidelity, and in distinguished and various demonstra-
tions of their affection and attachment.

Whilst one is in the pursuit of public life, and is held up for his highest
honors, it is not practicable always to discriminate, among his supporters,
between those who bestow their suffrages from pure, patriotic and
disinterested motives, and those who are actuated by selfish ends; but on
this occasion no such difficult)' exists. You have come, at much personal
inconvenience, to the bed of a sick and afflicted friend, to present to him,
in your names, and in the name of a numerous body of his personal and
political friends whom you represent, a most precious token of your
esteem and efiectionate regard. That friend has not now, and never will
have any public patronage to dispense. The high and honorable and dis-
interested character of your motives can not, therefore, be questioned.

Gentlemen, I request vou to accept yourselves, and to communicate
to my absent friends whom you represent, my cordial and heartfelt
thanks, and mv grateful and profound acknowledgements for this honor
you entertain towards me; I should have been most happy to have
expressed my great obligations to all of them personally, if it had been in
my power.

I shall soon pass from the jurisdiction of any contemporaries, and of
the present generation, to that of history and posterity, if the one shall
deem me worthy of any record on its pages, or tradition shall transmit
any recollection of me to the other.

It is not within my legitimate province to express any opinion on my

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 371

own public career or public deeds. That office belongs to them, and I
shall consider my future fame fortunate, if it shall be regarded by them
with a small portion of the favor with which the partiality of yourselves
and your associates now contemplate it.

I shall soon appear before a hightr and more holy tribunal than any
earthly one, which can unerringly judge of the motives as well as of the
acts of man. To that tribunal I look forward with composure and confi-
dence, that I shall be acquitted of ever having been prompted, in the dis-
charge of my public duties, by any mean or selfish ends, or been animated
by any other purpose than to promote the honor, the prosperity and glory
of our common country.

Medals are generally struck by the authority, and paid for out of the
public treasury of the government, and most frequently are intended to
reward and signalize the triumphs achieved in war. But that which you
now so kindly tender to my acceptance, is the spontaneous offering of
private citizens, from their private purses, for public services exclusively
in the civil department. I shall fondly and gratefully cherish and preserve
it whilst life endures, and transmit it to my descendants under the hope that
they receive and carefully guard it, with emotions of lively gratitude to
my New York friends, as the proudest and richest legacy that I could
leave them.

DEMOCRATIC MEETING IN RAY.

In accordance with the notice previouslv given by printed hand-bills,
set up in different parts of the county, a meeting of the democrats of Ray
was held in the court house, at Richmond, on the 1st day of January, A.
D. 1852.

On motion of Dr. Thomas A. King, Captain James H. Gant was
elected chairman, and James B. Turner secretary of the" meeting.

On motion of Captain William M. Jacobs. Dr. Thomas A. King was
called upon to explain the objects of the meeting, which he did, stating
that they had met for the purpose of organizing for the ensuing polit-
ical canvass, by making a declaration of the principles by which the
democracy of Ray will be governed, and bv appointing delegates to the
democratic state convention, and to the congressional district convention.
His remarks were brief and appropriate, and conceived in a spirit of
harmonv-

On the motion of Capt. William M. Jacobs, a committee of nine was
appointed to draw resolutions for the consideration of the meeting. That
committee consisted of the following gentlemen, to-wit: Captain Wil-
liam M. Jacobs, Colonel Benjamin J. Brown, Dr. John B. McGaugh, Col-
onel B. F. Smith, E. Sanderson, John E. Wells, Henry Boggess, Major
Henry Lile, and James B. Turner.

The committee, after a short retirement, reported through their chair-
man, Captain William M. Jacobs, the following resolutions, which were
read, and unanimously adopted by the meeting:

Resolved, That we still adhere to the principles contained in the resolu-
tions adopted by the democratic national convention at Baltimore, and we
pledge ourselves to support and defend the great political doctrines
embraced in that platform of the national democracy.

Resolved, That, inscribing the Baltimore resolutions on our banner, and
observing an unfaltering devotion to the union of the states, we will hold

372 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

no political fellowship with the abolitionists of the north or the nullifiers of
the south, and we discard, as unworthy of our confidence, all enemies of
the union of the states, and all enemies of the union of the democracy.

Resolved, That we approve the compromise measures of the last ses-
sion of congress, and we will rely3 upon them as a final settlement of
the vexed questions which grew out of the slavery controversy, and we
are opposed to the repeal or modification of the fugitive slave law, and
demand its faithful execution.

Resolved, That we still cling to the republican doctrines contained in the
celebrated Virginia and Kentucky resolutions drawn by Madison and Jeffer-
son, which contained the platform upon which the republicans of that period
rallied and swept the alien and sedition laws from the statute books, and
checked the encroachments of federalism.

Resolved, That we subscribe to the well known Atherton resolutions,
passed by the votes of the democratic members of congress, and by which
the democracy manifested an open and determined opposition to the fell
spirit of abolitionism.

Resolved, That we regard the right of instruction as a vital principle of
republicanism. And representatives and senators are bound to obey in
their legislative action the instructions of their constituents respectively, or
resign; and the people have a right to instruct their senators in congress
through the legislature, and to hold their members in the legislature
accountable for any misrepresentation of their will, in giving instructions
to senators, as well as in electing senators.

Resolved, That we hereby express our unqualified disapprobation of
all acts of omission and commission, on the part of our public servants,
calculated to involve our noble state in schemes of disunion, regarding it
to be the first and highest duty of every patriot, and especially of those
who have been placed as sentinels upon the watchtower of liberty, to
denounce in its inception, without regard to personal consequences, every
attempt to alienate one portion of the Confederacy from another, or to
weaken the bonds which hold us together as one people.

Resolved, That we abhor calculations or combinations of men of oppo-
site political sentiments for the purpose of securing the spoils of office;
and we repudiate as unworthy of intelligent freemen, cherishing an attach-
ment for the same great political principles, that spirit of intolerance
which leads to the establishment of factious tests of political fellowship,
founded in differences of opinion in regard to men and not measures.

Resolved, That we will join no faction which prescribes as a test of
political fellowship either the support of or opposition to any man, how-
ever distinguished; but, sternly adhering to the old landmarks, we will
continue to act upon the motto: "Union, harmony, self-denial, conces-
sion, everything for the cause; nothing for men."

Resolved, That the democracy of Ray, having remained united in
principle, and acquiesced in the decisions of majorities in regard to men
throughout the fiercest political storm that ever swept over the state, will
not separate now, since all the questions that created division have been
settled; and we, accordingly, pledge the united support of the democracy
of Ray to the nominees of the national, state, district, and county demo-
cratic conventions, held according to established usage.

Resolved, That, while we are ready to give our cordial support to the

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 373

democratic nominees for president and vice president, we deem it proper
to declare that we desire no better ticket than Cass and Butler.

Resolved, That the chairman, with the concurrence of the meeting,
appoint six delegates to the democratic state convention, to be called
together by the state central committee; and six delegates to the congres-
sional district convention, and that each delegate who cannot attend, shall
have the power to appoint his own substitute.

Under this resolution, the chairman, upon the recommendation of the
committee, and with the unanimous concurrence and confirmation of the
meeting, appointed Samuel A. Richardson, Judge Daniel Branstetter,
Colonel B. F. Smith, Aaron H. Conrow, Colonel John Hannah, and John
Bales, delegates to the democratic state convention; and Colonel Benjamin
J. Brown, Major Henry Lile, John E. Wells, James H. Gant, James W.

C. Wilson, and Doctor Thomas A. King, delegates to the congressional
district convention; and Captain William M. Jacobs, with the concur-
rence of the democracy of Clay and Caldwell, as a delegate from the sen-
atorial district, composed of the counties of Ray, Clay, and Caldwell,
to both conventions, and that he be governed in his action, in both conven-
tions, by the will of the democracv of this senatorial district.

Resolved, That we are willing to trust the defense of our principles
to our distinguished fellow-citizen, Austin A. King, who, whenever he
has been the chosen standard-bearer of the democracy, has signalized
himself by his ability, zeal, and fidelity in the democratic cause, and we
hereby instruct our delegates to the congressional district convention to
use their efforts to procure his nomination as the democratic candidate to
represent this district in congress.

Resolved, That when this meeting adjourns, it will adjourn to meet on
the first Monday in June next, to nominate democratic candidates to rep-
resent this county tin the legislature, and that notice of the adjourned meet-
ing in June be dulv given.

The vote of the meeting was taken on each resolution separately, and
every resolution was passed without a dissenting voice.

On motion of Colonel B. F. Smith, it was

Resolved, That the proceedings of this meeting, duly authenticated by
the chairman and secretary, be forwarded to the Platte Argus for publi-
cation, with a request for their publication in the other democratic papers
of the state.

The meeting then adjourned to meet in the court house in Richmond,
on the first Monday of June next.

James H. Gant, Chairman.

James B. Turner, Secretary.

WHIG MEETING IN RAY COUNTY.

The whigs of Ray county, according to the notice previously given,
assembled ai the court house in Richmond, on the 1st day of March, A.

D. 1852, and organized by calling Major George Woodward to the
chair, and appointing James Hughes, secretary.

On motion of C. T. Garner, Esq.,

Resolved, That the chair appoint a committee of seven persons to
report resolutions for the action of the meeting. Whereupon the chair
appointed C. T. Garner, Esq., Colonel Joseph B. Terry, Eli Carter,
Charles B. Allen, John U. Miles, Thomas Barber and A. D. Brashear,

374 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

who, after a short retirement, returned with the following preamble and
resolutions, which were unanimously adopted:

Whereas, We regard the elections of this year with deep interest,
involving not only the past and present principles and policy of the state
and general government, but as calculated to exert an influence upon sub-
jects of vital importance, that may hereafter arise. In view, therefore,
and for the purpose of securing unity of action, harmony and strength,
and a thorough organization of the whig party throughout the state:

Resolved 1st, That the whigs of Ray county, heartily concur with their
whig brethren throughout the state, in the propriety of holding a state con-
vention at St. Louis, on the third Monday in April next, to nominate can-
didates for state officers; electors for president, and for appointing del-
egates to the national whig convention, to be held in May next.

2d, That this meeting appoint delegates to represent us in said

state convention at St. Louis.

3d, That we are in favor of holding a district convention at Plattsburg,
to nominate a candidate for congress; and we suggest the second Monday
in May next, as the most suitable time.

4th, That this meeting appoint persons delegates to represent

us in said district covention.

5th, That we most cordially approve the course of our present chief
magistrate, Millard Fillmore, and his administration of the affairs of the
general government. *

6th, That we fully approve the measures of adjustment passed by the
congress of 1850, commonly called the " compromise," and regard them
as a full and final settlement of the questions to which they relate, and will
not support any man for either state or federal offices who does not so
regard them, or who advocates the repeal or modification of them, or any
one of them.

7th, That in the administration of the general government by Millard
Fillmore, the whigs of this nation behold with gratitude and delight the
glorious triumphs of an enlarged partriotism over sectional prejudice and
wicked machinations of fanatics, and enemies to the Union, and in the moral
courage displayed by him, in the prompt and efficient execution of the
laws in times of great excitement. In the wisdom and ability with which he
has conducted our foreign relations, we see the sterling qualities of head
and heart, that peculiarity Jit him for the high and responsible station he
now fills. He is, therefore, our first choice for the next presidency; and
our distinguished fellow-citizen, Colonel A. W. Doniphan, of Clay county,
our first choice for the vice presidency — subject, however, to the decision
of the whig national convention.

8th, That the blank in the second resolution be filled with the names of
the following persons as delegates to the state convention, viz: Milo C.
Nuckles, Jesse Esry, John U. Miles, Major W. Boyce, Eli Carter, A. D.
Brashear, George I. Wasson, William Berry, Randolph McDonald, Col-
onel Joseph B. Terry, James S. Hughes, Elias Graham, Joseph Hughes,
A. W. Morrow, Louis C. Bohannon, Charles B. Allen, O. P. Creason,
Charles R. Shrewsberry, Thomas Hamilton, and A. B. Ralph.

10th, That the blank in the fourth resolution be filled with the names
of the following persons, as delegates to said district convention, viz:
Dr. Joseph Chew, C. T. Garner, Esq., A. J. Gibson, Dr. Wm. T. Bra-

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 375

shear, Dr. Henry B. Hamilton, George I. Wasson, Mordecai Oliver,
Esq., Dandridge "Morrow, John Q. Quesen berry, Presley T. Petty, Walter
L. Bransford, and Thomas W. McCuistion.

11th, That our esteemed fellow-citizen, Mordecai Oliver, is our first
choice for congress, and the delegates to the district convention are
hereby instructed to cast the vote of this county for him.

12th, That the chair appoint a central committee of five persons to fill
any vacancy that may occur among the delegates to either the state or
district convention. Whereupon the chair apointed Dr. Jos. Chew, Major
W. Boyce, C. T. Garner, Esq., George I. Wasson, and Mordecai Oliver,
Esq.

13th, That the proceedings of this meeting be published in the Rich-
mond Herald and Liberty Tribune, and that the whig papers through-
out the state are requested to copy.

On motion, the meeting adjourned.

Geo. Woodward, Chairman.
James Hughes, Secretary.

RICHMOND ACADEMY.

March 17, 1852.] , ....

The exercises of the seventh session of this institution will be resumed
on Monday, the 22d instant.

This institution is pleasantly situated in a retired and healthful part of
the town. The school rooms are well ventilated, and in every respect
well adapted to promote the health, comfort and convenience of the pupils.

The course of study includes all the important branches of a substan-
tial English education.

Virtue, as well as knowledge, is the object of a sound education.
Special attention, therefore, is given to the moral conduct of all the pupils
of the school, as well as to their intellectual improvement, since it is evident
that the one is almost useless, unless adorned and directed by the other.

OUR COUNTY.

March 26th, 1852.]

While California is engrossing so large a share of the public attention, we
must not overlook the great inducements that Ray county presents to
those that are in quest of a western home. The interests of our immedi-
ate section of country have hitherto been neglected, from a want of the
means to disabuse the public mind with regard to our resources, wealth
and prosperity. Unfavorable reports have frequently been put in circula-
tion in adjoining counties as to the true condition of old Ray, for the pur-
pose of deterring emigrants from settling in it, and, at the same time, not
losing sight of home interests, make their own counties the subject of
laudation. As the Richmond Herald is the advocate of home interests,
we deem it our imperative duty to set before the public mind some state-
ments as to the soil, productions and climate.

It is conceded by all that have any knowledge of the soil, that in point
of fertility it can not be surpassed by any in this western country. The
rich loam extends to an astonishing depth, and may be tilled for years in
succession without exhausting its productiveness. While the farmer in
sections of the country less favored by nature is making use of strenuous
efforts to restore the exhausted soil to a fruitful condition, he here has but
to commit his grain to the soil, and with a moderate share of attention,

376 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

may expect an abundant yield. The surface of the country is generally
undulating, presenting to the eye of the beholder beautiful rolling prairies,
skirted with an abundance of fine timber, and traversed by numerous
streams of water, thus adapting it to grazing, as well as to the culture of
all kinds of grain.

The timber is generally of large growth, and as to quantity, well pro-
portioned to the prairie.

The staple productions are wheat, corn, hemp and tobacco; great
quantities of which are shipped annually from different shipping points of
the county, the principal of which are Camden and Hughes' Landing.
A ready market can always be had at the different trading establishments
at home for all kinds of produce.

The favorableness of a climate to the preservation of health, is always
an important consideration in settling a country; we can with safety say
that our county from its salubrious air and excellent water very strongly
recommends itself in that point of view.

The efforts of our enterprising citizens are rapidly improving the
appearance of the country. Villages are springing up throughout the
country as if by the touch of a magical wand, and thousands of acres of
land lying waste a few years ago, are now assuming the appearance of
well cultivated farms.

Our community is an intelligent one— a thinking people, with whom
law and order are safe. Vice and immorality no sooner raise their Pro-
tean heads to the public gaze than they meet with that censure and con-
demnation which they deserve.

It would be better, by far, for the man of moderate means to seek a
home in a land like this, and by gradual accessions of fortune to become
independent, than to be lured to the land of Ophir by idle dreams of glit-
tering wealth.

The expectations of many that have gone to California have been
blighted, who, after enduring innumerable hardships in pursuit of the
yellow phantom, and expending all they possessed, return home depressed
in spirits. The anticipations of but few in amassing splendid fortunes
are realized, and some sometimes at the expense of health and happiness.
It should, therefore, be a matter of serious reflection to those who go, to
know whether they will ameliorate their condition in any wise by emigra-
ting to the Eldorada of the ninteenth century.

Friday, April 9th. 1852]

On the 3d instant, between thirty and forty emigrants were landed at
Hughes' Landing, from the steamboat, Monongahela. They were desti-
tute of everything that pertains to comfort. Several of them were dan-
gerously ill, and one of the number, named Brown, died on the bank a
few minutes after landing. While one of the party went in quest of a
physician, Mr. J. N. Hughes, with his characteristic promptness and phi-
lanthropy, had the whole of them conveyed to his dwelling, where he
administered to their wants in a humane manner.

Doctor Crutchy arrived in due time, and did all that medical skill could
do to alleviate the sufferings of the sick, and the next morning all were
better, except a child, when our informant left. They were from East
Tennessee, and intended locating near Millville.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 377

STEAM BOILER EXPLOSION.

Friday, April 16th, 1852.]

It falls to our painful duty to record the destruction of the steamer
Saluda, commanded by Captain Belt, by the explosion of her boilers,
attended with an awful destruction of human life.

The boat was just leaving the wharf at Lexington, bound for Council
Bluffs, on the morning of the 9th instant, between seven and eight o'clock,
when the explosion took place, with a report that was heard for miles
around, while in the immediate vicinity the shock was so great as to cause
houses to tremble to their foundations. The air was darkened with frag-
ments of the vessel, and scores of human beings without a moment's warn-
ing, were swept into eternity. When the citizens reached the spot, the
most heart-rending scenes were presented to view, of which the imagina-
tion can possibly conceive. The shore was covered with the limbs and
mangled bodies of the sufferers, their warm blood trickling down the
banks, while the screams and the groans of the wounded and the dying
filled the air, causing the hearts of the beholders to sicken, and the tears
of sympathy to gush from their eyes.

Everything that was in human power was done. The boat was
soon reached and the wounded and dying conveyed to the nearest ware-
houses, where every possible assistance was rendered that was calculated
to relieve their sufferings or soothe their dying moments.

Many were thrown into the river, of which number but few were saved,
some, however, breasted the waves and succeeded in reaching the shore.

Through the exertions of Mr. Ball and others, several were saved from
a watery grave, among whem was an interesting little child, both of
whose parents were killed, and whom Mr. Ball, in the goodness of his
heart, intends to adopt as his own.

The number on board is variously estimated, but it may be put down at
two hundred, of which number, one hundred and thirty-five were killed,
and thirty-five wounded so seriously that but few will recover. All of the
officers of the boat were killed, with the exception of the mate and first
clerk. The second clerk was literally torn to pieces, and the captain was
thrown out one hundred yards from the boat against the bluff.

The passengers were principally Mormons from England on their way
to Salt Lake.

The city council and citizens of Lexington contributed $900 towards
defraying the expenses that might be incurred, thus showing in a
manner worthy of the highest praise, their sympathy for the sufferers.

The boat is a complete wreck, and but little of the freight will be saved
uninjured.

The Saluda was a condemned boat, and the .captain of the Isabel had
the caution to land some three hundred yards below her, saying that he
knew she was an old boat, and that it would be unsafe to be near her,
when she should attempt to stem the strong current above Lexington.

We were not able to obtain the names of the killed and wounded or
missing, as under the circumstances, it was utterly impossible.*

♦Written by Joseph E. Black, Esq., of Richmond, who was on the ground immediately
after the explosion, rendering assistance to the unfortunate sufferers.

378 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

RICHMOND COLLEGE.

Friday, May 7, 1852.]

Feeling a deep interest in the welfare of old Ray, and knowing that the
location of a college here must be a matter of the utmost importance and
earnestly desired by every one who has the interest of his county at
heart, we shall present a few more considerations to the minds of our
readers.

On Monday, the 3d inst., a college meeting was held according to
notice, and, considering the unfavorableness of the weather, there was a
very good turn out.

The meeting was addressed by the Honorable G. W. Dunn, whose
arguments cannot fail to make a deep impression, and to excite a lively
interest in this matter of such vital importance to the county. We shall give
a synopsis of the speech, together with a few suggestions of our own,
desiring that the subject may be fairly laid before our people, who, seeing
their interests, may act accordingly.

It is a matter of complaint among the people that they cannot obtain
competent teachers' to fill their schools. Why is it so? The reason is
plain and obvious. Persons of moderate circumstances are deterred from
sending their children to a distance on account of the enormous expense
that must necessarily be incurred, while such as are wealthy enough to
incur these expenses wish their sons to become professional characters.
We are, therefore, compelled to get such teachers as we can, who are, as
often as otherwise, of more injury than benefit to the cause of education.
Let us then rear up an institution among us, so that the man of moderate
means, as well as the man of wealth, may be enabled to educate his chil-
dren. We will then be able to send forth a corps of teachers into our
county, of whose intelligence we may justly be proud ; who will give a
new tone to society, inculcate new love of literature, and in a short time
place us on a par with the most intelligent communities of the country.

The importance of having competent teachers to train the minds of
youth, is a matter that is too frequently unappreciated and too lowly
rated. The warrior, with a thousand victories inscribed upon his banner,
or the statesman, encircled with all the glories he may possibly achieve,
does not exercise greater influence than the teacher, who, unsurrounded
by the paraphernalia of war or the pageantry of state, trains the youth
either to become a terror to the society in which he moves, or makes him
an honor to himself and a benefit to society and the country at large.

The very nature of our government requires that every man should
think and decide for himself upon the most momentous questions — and
not that a few minds should do all the thinking and deciding. But how
can the people think rationally and clearly upon subjects they know noth-
ing about? Suffer the masses to remain in ignorance, and they will be
led by fanatics and demagogues, and our government must fall a victim
to the very principles upon which it is founded, to-wit: the right of
suffrage; the right of every one to decide upon all questions of govern-
ment through the ballot-box.

Let us, then, rear up this institution among us, where our teachers can
be instructed, who will teach our children wisdom and virtue.

The love you hold for your children and your country appeals to you;
and shall you turn a deaf ear to the call, and permit the golden opportu-

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 379

nity to pass unheeded and unnoticed? Should a college be located here,
men of wealth and enterprise will flock into and around it. Thousands
of dollars will be added to the wealth of the place, and every species of
business will receive new impetus and vigor. This place would spring
into new existence, and from other examples it may be safely asserted
that our population would be doubled in five years. Look at Liberty.
What was she a few years ago? It would have been hard to decide if it or
this place was ahead. But how is it now? No sooner was a college
located there, than hundreds flocked to the place, adding vastly to its
wealth and enterprise; land increased fifty per cent; new spirit was infused
into every branch of business, and in a few years Liberty has becom
flourishing city. But the same opportunity is presented to us, and all we
have to do is to embrace it, and our county seat will likewise become a
wealthy, populous and thriving place.

THE AMERICAN EAGLE.

" O, let the bird of freedom soar,

Above the clouds and storms of earth,
With faultless pinions as of yore

Till all shall own his heavenly birth;
And tear not from his bleeding breast,

Though tempted by its golden hue,
The plumage in which Nature drest

The bird that freemen love to view.

And though his severed wings might seem

Still beautiful if torn away,
Our foes would spurn such toys, and deem

The bird himself their chosen prey.
Then pluck not from this glorious bird —

The plumes with which he mounts on high;
Rather let freedom's son be heard

Rejoicing as he cleaves the sky.

Proud bird! though marred by ruthless hands,

Thy name each freemen gladly hails,
For well he knows in other lands

Before thy glance the despot quails;
Still make thy cherished home among

The shrines reared by our patriotic sires,
Till the last scepter shall be wrung

From tyrant hands — till time expires."
Richmond, Mo., A. D. 1851. g. w. dunn.

OUR COUNTY.

Richmond Mirror, of Friday, March 11, 1853.]

In the early settlement of the county, the only road leading to Clay
county, (which was then regarded as the " Eldorado " of Missouri by
most Kentuckians) passed up through the Missouri bottom the entire breadth
of the county; and as fever and ague was'then quite prevalent, an impres-
sion prevailed that Ray was a " sickly county," when nothing could be
farther from the truth. Even our bottom lands have become healthy
from cultivation, and the upland part of the county is as favorable to
health and longevity as any portion of the state. The position, geograph-

80 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

ically, of Ray county, is such as to give it every advantage possessed by
any county in upper Missouri, and its soil is fully equal to the best.
Indeed, it is the opinion of many persons, who know the county and the
state well, that there is more rich land in Ray than in any other county in
Missouri. It is finely watered, well diversified with prairie and timbered
lands; and for the growing of hemp, tobacco, wheat and corn, as well as
for purposes of stock raising, it cannot be surpassed, and time will show it
to be the " Bourbon " of Missouri.

The town of Richmond, situated on a high dividing ridge, nearly in the
center of the county, seven miles from the Missouri river at Camden, and
ten miles from Lexington, is proverbial for health. It is on the main state
road from St. Louis to Liberty, Weston and St. Joseph, and all the Platte
country; has a tri-weekly mail coach passing through it, and is on the
main road from the Grand River country to Lexington, southwest Mis-
souri, Arkansas and Texas.

If the people of Ray county are true to their own interests, and will
build up and endow the proposed college; if they will foster their own
mechanics and merchants, and their own -printer \ if they will have good
schools at home, and not send their children away to be educated; and if
the people of Richmond will go to work and beautify the natural advan-
tages which the town possesses, and its merchants and mechanics deal
liberally with the farmers; the day is not far off when a residence in Rich-
mond, and a farm in Ray county will be sought after with eagerness.

We shall say more in future numbers of the Mirror in regard to the
duties of our citizens and the future of our county.

JOHNSON MEETING.

The Conservator March 24, 1866.]

Pursuant to a call of the friends of President Johnson, a very large
meeting of the citizens was held during the sitting of the circuit court at
Richmond, Missouri, March 10, 1866, for the purpose of endorsing the
president in his reconstruction policy, and the veto of the Freedmen's
Bureau Bill.

At one o'clock, the meeting was called to order and on motion of Hon.
W. A. Donaldson, George Warren was called to the chair, and on motion
of Hon. G. W. Eunn, Col. A. A. King was appointed secretary.

The chairman, taking the stand, announced the object of the meeting,
when, on motion of Honorable G. W. Dunn, the chair appointed the fol-
lowing committeemen to draft resolutions expressive of the feelings
and political opinions of those in the meeting, viz: Honorable George
W. Dunn, Governor A. A. King, Honorable W. A. Donaldson, Doctor
A. B. Ralph, and Honorable H. P. Settle.

While the committee was retiring, Governor King was called back by
the audience, and responded in an able speech, which was the fruitful
source of much good, by showing to those that opposed ihe administra-
tion, the danger into which they would take our liberties, if successful.

At the conclusion of his speech, the committee reported the following
resolutions, which were read and unanimously adopted:

Resolved, That we have undiminished confidence in the ability, integ-
rity, and patriotism of President Johnson, and we will continue to give a
cordial support to his administration.

Resolved, That President Johnson's inflexible devotion to the constitu-

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 381

tion and the Union, now, as in all times past, entitles him to the earnest
support of the friends of civil and religious liberty throughout the Union.

Resolved, That we cordially approve President Johnson's veto of the
freedmen's bureau bill, his policy of reconstruction, and his defiant oppo-
sition to the policy of Sumner, Stevens, and others, who persist in declar-
ing that the Union has been dissolved.

Resolved, That the Union has not been dissolved, nor can it be dis-
solved; it was not dissolved by secession, because secession was uncon-
stitutional and void. It was not dissolved by the armed attempt to take
some of the states out of the Union, because the rebellion has been com-
pletely overthrown by our gallant armies; and it cannot be dissolved by
those who assert that the Union has been dissolved, while President
Johnson and his friends, constituting a large majority of the people of the
United States, continue true to the Union and the constitution.

Resolved, * That we are in favor of repealing the provisions of the new
constitution of the state, that conflict with the wise policy of President
Johnson's administration, and with the principles of civil and religious
liberty transmitted to us by our ancestors, the establishment and preser-
vation of which cost so much blood and treasure.

Resolved, That the friends of President Johnson's administration will
organize in accordance with the suggestions of the state central commit-
tee, contained in a circular signed by General E. B. Brown, chairman of the
committee, by formation of liberty clubs, composed of all who agree
with the policy of the national administration.

Resolved, That we regard it as our imperative duty to support the
civil authorities of the state in the enforcement of the laws; and we
propose to get rid of obnoxious laws whether contained in the new con-
stitution or in the statutes, by having them repealed, and not by violating
them, and that we will to the extent of our power, promote peace and
order, and a love of the federal constitution and the union of the states
among our fellow citizens.

Resolved, That while we claim the right to assemble and express our
views of public policy, we accord to our political opponents the same
unquestionable right.

Resolved, That we invite the co-operation of all persons, regardless of
former political differences, who agree with us in sentiment, in the good
work of upholding the constitution and Union, and the principles of civil
and religious liberty.

Resolved, That the proceedings of this meeting be published in the
Missouri Republican, Lexington Express, and in the Richmond papers,
and that all papers friendly to our cause be requested to copy them.

After the reading of the resolutions, which were unanimously adopted,
Judge Ryland, of Lexington, was called upon, and ably defended the
president in his usual terse, eloquent and logical reasonings, at the con-
clusion of which, court hour having arrived, the meeting was adjourned.

Geo. Warren, Chairman.

Austin A. King, Jr., Secretary.

382 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

CRIMINAL CAUSES.
The Conservator, June 16, 1866.]

On the 12th instant, Isaac Odell and James Duvall were brought before
David H. Quesenberry, Esq., a justice of the peace of Richmond town-
ship, in this county, under a warrant issued by Elisha Riggs, a justice of
the peace of Fishing River township. The warrant simply charged the
defendants with -preaching, and commanded the constable to bring the
defendants before the justice of the peace who issued the warrants, or
some other justice of the peace of the county of Ray. Judge Dunn and
C. T. Garner, Esq., appeared as counsel for the defendants, and the state
was represented by Elijah F. Esteb, Esq., the circuit attorney.

The defendants moved the court to dismiss the cases, for the reason
that the warrants charged no criminal offense against the defendants.
The cases were ably argued before the justice, the counsel for the defend-
ants taking the position that even if the section in the constitution, upon
which the prosecutions were founded, possessed any validity after the
decision of the supreme court of the United States (not yet published),
holding it null and void, three things were necessary to constitute the
offense charged, to-wit: That the party charged was a bishop, priest,
elder, minister or clergyman, as required by the constitution; 2d, that as
such bishop, priest, elder, minister or clergyman, he preached; and, 3d,
that the party so charged preached without taking the oath of loyalty
required by the constitution.

The warrants in the cases under consideration only charged the parties
with preaching, without charging that they preached as bishop, priest,
elder, minister or clergyman, and without charging that they had failed
to take the oath of loyalty. They maintained that preaching was not of
itself an offense against the constitution and laws of the state; that to
constitute the offense punishable under the constitution, the party charged
must preach as bishop, priest, elder, minister or clergyman, and must so
preach without having taken the oath of loyalty.

Mr. Esteb, the circuit attorney, replied, in his usual able, fair, and gen-
tlemanly style. The circuit attorney represents the state, and not any
political party or religious sect.

Justice Quesenberry sustained the motions, dismissed the cases, and dis-
charged the defendants, holding that preaching, instead of being a criminal
offense, is in the highest degree commendable. This decision does honor to
the head and heart of the justice, who is a worthy member of a different
religious denomination from that of the parties accused. Messrs. Odell and
Duvall are elders of the regular Baptist denomination, commonly called
" Old Iron-side Baptist."

This result may be mortifying to Drake, Strong, Fletcher, and Bab-
cocke, but the best way to avoid similar mortification in the future, is for
them to join the friends of civil and religious liberty in repealing this
relic of bigotry and barbarism, which ought never to have been placed in
the constitution of a free people.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 383

TOWNS AND VILLAGES.

CITY OF RICHMOND.

The land on which the original town of Richmond is located was
donated to the county of Ray, May 5, 1827, by John Woolard, Isaac
Thornton, William B. Martin and William Thornton, the proprietors
thereof.

The donation was made in consideration of the selection, by a commis-
sion legally appointed by the county court, of the site as a place on which
to locate the permanent seat of justice of Ray county.

On the 20th day of July, A. D. 1827, the county court in session at
BlufFton, ordered an election, that the proposition to remove the county
seat to the place selected by the commissioners, and by its owners donated
to the county of Ray, might be submitted to the people for their approval
or rejection, as the law required.

On the 20th and 21st of August following, the election was duly held,
and resulted in one hundred and eight votes being cast for the proposition
and fifty-five against it; and in due course of time, as already fully stated,
the county seat was removed, and public buildings erected, etc. Hence,
Richmond owes its existence to the fact of the land on which the original
town is located having been selected first by commisioners, and then by
a majority of the qualified voters of the county as a site for the permanent
seat of justice of the county of Ray.

Richmond was, when laid out, the county seat of territory since divided
into eight counties, having the following seats of justice, to-wit: Carroll-
ton, Chillicothe, Trenton, Princeton, Bethany, Gallatin, Kingston and
Richmond.

Richmond was surveyed and laid out into blocks, lots, streets and alleys
by Thomas N. Aubry, Esq., under the direction of William S. Miller,
commissioner of the seat of justice, between the 24th of September and
the 15th of October, A. D. 1827.

The town site was divided into one hundred lots, and these, with the
exception of those reserved for the use of the county, were sold at public
vendue, the sale commencing Thursday, October 25th, 1827, and continu-
ing from day to day. The sale was made by beginning with lot No.
100, and selling each alternate lot till lot No. 1 was reached.

When the county court convened in special session, Monday, October
22, 1827, it changed the boundaries of lots 8, 9, 40, 41, 72, 73 and 100, by
taking off' of each the space of twenty-five feet. The space thus taken
off was reserved from sale.

The first jail in Richmond was located on lot No. 62, and the "prison
bounds " thereof was as follows: Sixty rods square, with the jail in the

384 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

centre; said space accurately laid off, and the distances marked by plant-
ing in the earth, to the depth of at least eighteen inches, at each of the
four cardinal points of the compass, well charred, white-oak posts, nine
inches square, rising four feet above the earth's surface. The jail itself,
and also the first court house have been described.

Richmond was first incorporated November 19, 1835; and the follow-
ing gentlemen constituted the first board of trustees: Berry Hughes, C.
R. Morehead, H. G. Parks, William Hudgins and Thomas McKinney.

The first county road leading to and from the town of Richmond was
established by the county court in November, 1827. It extended to
Jack's Ferry, on the Missouri river.

One Anderson Martin was the first town constable of the town of Rich-
mond. The town was again incorporated by act of the general assembly,
approved November 9, 1857.

Richmond was laid out in the midst of a broad field of the "bright ever
beautiful maize;" that is to say, where Richmond now stands, John Wool-
ard, in 1827, cultivated a field of corn. John Woolard was an unlettered
man, somewhat eccentric, but a kind neighbor, a warm-hearted friend, and
an enterprising, public spirited gentleman. He has been dead many
years, but has sons yet living in the county, who are upright and useful
citizens.

Richmond, so named by the county court, Monday, September 24,
1827, is situated in sections thirty and thirty-one, township fifty-two, range
twenty-seven, and on the northeast quarter of section thirty-six, township
fifty-two, range twenty-eight, on the St. Joseph branch of the Wabash,
St. Louis and Pacific railway, forty-four miles east of Kansas City, two
hundred and thirty seven miles northwest of St. Louis, and sixty-seven
miles southeast of St. Joseph.

Richmond is simply a fine old town, whose people are remarkable for
urbanity, kindness, and genuine, old-fashioned hospitality; and in which a
stranger, no matter whence he comes, so he conducts himself as a gentle-
man, is soon made to feel himself at home, and in the midst of friends.

It is surrounded by a country exhaustless in natural resources; pictur-
esque and beautiful in surface configuration; rich, productive, and pleasant
to see. It is the attractive business and social centre of an intelligent,
enterprising, Christian community, and — to borrow the language of Paul,
the apostle — it is " a city of no mean importance."

The main or central portion of Richmond stands upon the crown of a
graceful swell, and the suburban portions are located upon the slopes of a
succession of beautiful wooded hills that nearly surround the central
town. The slopes abound in the most attractive building sites that com-
mand fine city and open valley views in almost every direction. It has
scores of fine cottages, villas, and dignified old mansion homes, represent-

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 385

ing the hospitable southern style of architecture so common in the south.
The spacious veranda, or porch, is an almost universal accompaniment to
these pretty, inviting home places, and the ample, shaded lawns and broad
walks are in more pleasant contrast with the closer and more severely
artistic surroundings of the average northern home. There is every-
where in this little, half-rural city an air of amplitude, ease, freedom and
home comfort that is thoroughly enjoyable to the visitor.' The business
town expresses solidity and permanency, rather than any effort at archi-
tectural display, being built in the plain fashion of the old time. Among
the public buildings are a handsome court-house, two very pretty churches,
and a plain, but massive and stately, high-school building. Two more
churches are projected. Of late, a good many very pretty homes in the
modern styles have been added, and, altogether, Richmond may be named
among the most attractive towns of its class in the west. The business
town is in keeping with the wealth and thrift of the country that fosters it.
If it ever had a speculative period, is has long since passed. The business
men are characterized with steady, sensible, practical and well defined
methods of commercial life, and evidently prefer solvency and high credit
to the exciting, spasmodic, and speculative ways of too many western towns.
They have the confidence of the community, and preserve it as if it were
their best " stock in trade." They never seem hurried or fretful, but move
straight on from year to year with the greatest deliberation and confi-
dence. A list of the business houses, manufactories and industries of
Richmond in April, 1881, will, it is believed, be found of interest in after
years, if not at present; such a list is therefore subjoined, as follows:

C. D. Sayre, dealer in groceries, queensware, and produce.

A. J. Bopps, hardware, stoves, tinware, etc.

Ford Bros., fancy groceries.

W. M. Marshall, manufacturer of and dealer in boots and shoes.

A. J. Dresler, merchant tailor.

Smith & Patton, druggists and pharmaceutists.

Keel & Bro., dealers in groceries, queensware, and country produce.

Grow & Abbott, carpenters and builders.

Powell & Sons, blacksmithing, and wagon and carriage manufac-
turers.

W. R.Jackson, furniture and hardware.

Exchange and banking house of J. S. Hughes & Co., J. S. Hughes,
president; Burnett Hughes, cashier.

Fowler & Ewing, dry goods, boots, shoes, notions, etc.

S. R. Crispin & Co., dry goods, clothing, boots, shoes, etc.

M. F. McDonald, staple and fancy dry goods, piece goods and hosiery.

Mrs. M. E. Burhop, milliner.

Mrs. S. Strader, confectionery and groceries.

386 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

Hudgins House, William B. Hudgins, proprietor.

Warriner & Monroe, stoves, tinware, and furniture.

Daniel T. Duval, saddles and harness.

W. H. Darneal, dry goods, notions, and clothing.

W. H. Garner, groceries and queensware.

G. E. Niedermeyer, barber.

J. C. Brown & Co., dry goods, notions, and clothing.

Miss L. Ford, millinery and notions.

Richmond Conservator, Jacob T. Child, editor and proprietor.

Baber & Shoop, groceries and queensware.

Shoop & Son, undertakers.

Kemper Marble Works, Ed. W. Kemper, proprietor.

Sam. McDonald, confectioner.

Alex. A. McCuistion, livery and sale stable. •

Garner & Jacobs, druggists and pharmacists.

Hubbell & Son, general merchandise.

B. J. Menefee, hardware and agricultural implements.

Holt & Son, general merchandise.

Richmond Democrat, Thomas D. Bogie, editor and proprietor.

Ray County Savings Bank, Thomas D. Woodson, president; H. C.
Garner, cashier.

Delmonico Restaurant, D. W. Farris, proprietor.

L. Megede, watch-maker and jeweler.

W. W. Mosby & Son, druggists, booksellers, stationers, etc.

Farris & Co., groceries and queensware.

R. L. Jacobs, saddles and harness.

F. W. Joy, meat market.

W. D. Rice & Sons, hardware and groceries.

E. Spear, groceries, queensware and tinware.

Kiger & Wertz, dry goods and notions.

M. C. Jacobs, druggist and apothecary.

A. H. Jacobs, watches and jewelry.

J. P. Quesenberry & Co., hardware and groceries.

Whitmer & Co., livery and feed stable.

R. D. Asbury, blacksmithing and horse-shoeing.

W. P. Strader, carriage and wagon manufacturer.

McDonald Lumber Companv.

Brown & Wiggington, carpenters and builders.

Hamacher Steam Flouring Mills, J. H. Hamacher & Bro., proprietors.

O. T. Dickinson, livery and feed stable.

Jackson & Patton, lumber yard, and wagons and agricultural imple-
ments.

Richmond Wagon Factory, Powell & Son, proprietors.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 387

Wesson & Baum, dealers in live stock.

Richmond Coffin Company.

Title Abstract Office of Lavelock & Trigg.

William Fisher, photographer.

Wasson House, George I. Wasson, proprietor.

Burgess Brothers, blacksmiths and wagon-makers.

Ax-Handle Factory, J. M. Parker, proprietor.

The Olympic Hall, completed in December, 1880, is substantially built,
convenient, and commodious. It is well ventilated, tastily and comfort-
ably furnished, and has a seating capacity of four hundred and fifty. The
seats are well arranged and command a full view of the stage from any
part of the hall. Olympic Hall does credit alike to its proprietors, Doctor
W. W. Mosby & Son, and to the city of Richmond.

The Richmond Opera House, owned by a joint stock company, under
the corporate name of Richmond Hall and Library Association, was built
in 1880, and cost seven thousand dollars. It is fifty feet in width by one
hundred feet in length, and will seat about eight hundred persons. The
hall is thoroughly ventilated, well furnished, and provided with attractive
scenery. Perhaps no town in the west has a more capacious or better
hall for public entertainment, than is the Richmond Opera House.

The old cemetery, due north of town and just within its corporate
limits, was laid out in 1845. It is the burial place of many distinguished
persons.

The remains of Bill Anderson, the notorious desperado, were deposited
in the old cemetery. The people, of course, without exception, depre-
cated the man and his dastardly and revolting acts, perpetrated in the
spirit of diabolical revenge, indiscriminately directed, and dishonoring
alike himself, his followers, and the cause he claimed to defend; they knew,
however, that in death, he was harmless, and that, as a fellow mortal, he
was entitled to decent burial.

This fact is not mentioned on Anderson's account, but simply to show
that in the hearts of the Christian people of Richmond, the spirit of resent-
ment perishes, when the ability of the culprit to do further harm has
ceased, and, sharing the common lot of mankind, he lies powerless in the
embrace of death.

The new Richmond cemetery, near the west end of South Main street,
on the north side thereof, was laid out in 1871. It contains three acres
and is situated on a high hill commanding an extensive and beautiful
prospect of the surrounding country.

The dead are everywhere, and the last kind offices in their behalf are
to accord them burial in conformity to established custom, and to place
above them some testimonial of the esteem in which they were held
while among the living, or that may at least " implore the passing trib-

388 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

ute of a sigh." In this respect the Richmond cemeteries are enduring
monument, not alone to the dead, but likewise to the humane and tender
promptings that govern the hearts of the living.

Several beautiful and costly shafts are reared in the new grave-yard,
and, for a " silent city of the dead," it is perhaps as neat and inviting a
place as one could desire to see.

It becomes necessary in writing the history of Richmond to record
some events of melancholy interest.

At half past three o'clock, Thursday, May 23, 1867, a band of brigands,
eleven in number, heavily armed with navy pistols, entered the city from
the east, by three different streets. One detachment came in by the first
street south of South Main street, running parallel thereto, and passing up
that street to its intersection with College street, turned north to South
Main; another party passed up the latter street, while the third came into
the city by North Main street. The bandits concentrated in the vicinity
of the M. E. Church South, and all but one dismounted, and repaired
immediately to the banking house of Hughes & Wasson. Four of the
party entered the bank, and with pistols presented, demanded the money
therein. The other six remained outside, in front ot the bank building,
and kept up a continual fire upon citizens who dared to show themselves
on the streets. Immediately upon entering the bank, one of the bandits
fired at the book-keeper, Willis Warriner, Esquire, as he retreated in
the direction of the vault. At the report of the pistol, Mr. Warriner fell
to the floor and continued prostrate so long as the robbers remained in
the bank, though he was uninjured.

There happened to be only thirty-five hundred dollars in the bank, and
when that amount was seized, the robbers turned upon Mr. George I.
Wasson, the cashier, and covering him with their pistols, commanded him
to get more. But upon Mr. Wasson's assuring them that they had taken
all the money on hand, they dismissed him without further molestation.

The robber who remained on his horse, tcok a stand in the middle of
the street, near the bank. He was mounted on a very fine and well-
trained horse. Having wound the bridle-reins around the bow of his sad-
dle in such a manner as to give greater tension to one rein than to the
other, the horse continued to move round in a circle, thus enabling his
rider to see about him in every direction. With a navy pistol in each
hand the horseman fired up and down the street, while the robbery was
going on in the bank.

The citizens began to rally to drive the bandits out of town. Frank
Griffin, from his position behind a tree in the court-house yard, was dis-
charging his gun at the man on the horse without effect; when the latter
discovered Griffin's head from behind the tree he fired at it, with unerring
aim. The ball penetrated the brain, and Griffin instantly expired.

HISTORY OF* RAY COUNTY. 389

Young Griffin's father, William Griffin, after the killing of his son, ran
up to the bank, supposing the robbers had vacated it. Upon stepping
within he was confronted by the robbers, and started to run out of the
house, when he was fired upon; the ball, taking effect in the back, passed
through his heart.

John B. Shaw, a highly respected gentleman, and at that time mayor of
the city, was in the middle of the street, near the Shaw House (now
Wasson House), of which he was proprietor, endeavoring to rally the
citizens, when he was shot in the abdomen. He lived but a few hours.
He also was killed by the man on horseback.

After the robbery, the bandits rode rapidly out of town. They were
' followed by a posse of citizens a distance of about nine miles, but none of
them were captured.

The pursuing party fired upon the robbers near Holt Station, on the
Hannibal & St. Joseph railroad, wounding one of their horses, which was
left behind and died next day.

One of the robbers, whose name was supposed to be William McGuire,
was captured in St. Louis the following winter, brought to Richmond,
and lodged in jail; and a few months after his capture, the man who sat
on his horse in front of the bank and killed John B. Shaw and young
Griffin, was apprehended in Kentucky, by John W. Francis, then sheriff
of Ray county. This bandit's name was supposed to be Devers. He
was also confined in the Richmond jail.

McGuire had a preliminary trial before a justice of the peace, and was
held to await the ensuing session of the circuit court. They were both
taken from the jail, however, by a vigilance committee and hanged.

What became of the other participants in this atrocious robbery and
murder, is unknown.

The following persons were in the bank when the robbers entered: Geo.
I. Wasson, cashier ; Judge Willis Warriner, book-keeper, and Major Rob-
ert Sevier, Ephraim January, and Ben Chipeze. The three last named
were in no way connected with the bank. None of the above named
gentlemen were injured.

A TERRIBLE CYCLONE.

On June 1, A. D. 1878, the city of Richmond was visited by one of the
most violent and destructive cyclones that ever passed over this section of
the country. Nearly every thing in its pathway was utterly demolished.
Huge trees were torn up by the roots, buildings swept away, and human
and animal life destroyed.

For several days previous the weather had been unusually warm and
sultry; the air was heavy and oppressive, the mercury in the thermome-
ter indicating a temperature ranging from eighty-five to ninety degrees,
Fahrenheit.

390 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

The morning of June 1st was bright and tranquil, but later in the day
clouds gathered, and early in the afternoon the wind, accompanied by a
slight fall of hail, began gently blowing from the southwest. Immediately
after the hail ceased falling, a wind from the northwest arose, and, con-
tinuing probably ten minutes, was succeeded by a suffocating calm of
about three to five minutes' duration. Within twenty or thirty minutes
after the falling of the hail, the clouds in the southwest seemed to be fall-
ing apart for a moment or two, presenting ragged edges; then, suddenly,
streams began to shoot out from the margins of the clouds, and to mingle
together by a twirling, intertwining motion.

The calm above alluded to was caused by the current from the north-
west meeting a similar current moving in the opposite direction. After
this momentary cessation of wind, a strong breeze from the southwest
set in, followed by a violent rush of wind, the immediate precursor of
the terribly devastating cyclone that was to follow almost instantaneously.

The wind began its destructive work about three miles southwest of
town. Moving in a northeasterly direction, it struck the railroad at J. S.
Hughes & Co.'s coal shaft; then turning northward, it struck six tenement
houses, occupied by miners, and owned by J. S. Hughes. These houses
were moved out of position and otherwise damaged, though not seriously.
Leaving the tenement houses, the cyclone slightly injured six dwellings
situated next to the railroad. The upper story, back wall, and porch of
W. R. Jackson's house, in the extreme southeastern part of the city, were
torn off. The next house in its northward course, was that of Dr. Noah
Gaines, a one story frame, which was considerably wrecked but not torn
down. Bounding across the street at this point, the storm unroofed the
old homestead residence, a one story brick, of Jacob Whitmer. Mrs.
Haynes was struck and damaged seriously.

In its onward passage north of Dr. Noah Gaines, it levelled to the
ground a small frame building, occupied by a colored family; next a large
one story frame building, property of the late Major Sevier, but occupied
at the time, by one Mr. Deer and family. The house was utterly demol-
ished. Striking, next, the fine brick residence of J. S. Hughes, Esq., it
blew down the ell and unroofed the main building.

Next in the storm's pathway stood the Bid well property, occupied by a
man named Berry, and his family. The building, a two story frame, was
totally destroyed; and so, also, was the large two story frame residence
of W. R. Holman. Veering to the west from the residence of J. A.
Hughes, it struck and completely destroyed the residence of G. A. Hughes,
as well as his very fine young apple orchard. The residence last named
is on College street; west of it and on the same street, are the residences
of Judge Charles J. Hughes and Messrs. B. J. Menefee and P. V. Ber-
nard, all of which were injured. Of the three houses mentioned, Mr.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 391

Bernard's is farthest; it is a one story brick, was unroofed, and a portion
of its walls blown in. This building marked the western limit of the
storm's fury, in the city.

The cyclone was somewhat narrowed in its destructive course through
the city, after leaving South College street, which extends east and west;
yet from this street in its northward passage, it extended over two entire
blocks of buildings, as well as wrecking some, and wholly demolishing
other of the buildings on the east side of the college grounds; and first of
the latter was the one and a half story cottage residence of Mrs. Bassett,
occupied by C. J. Hughes, Jr., which was totally destroyed. Dr. H. P.
Jacobs owned and occupied a new and beautiful residence, which in its
fury, the storm-god spared not; every vestige of the building was swept
from its foundation. Neither did it respect the Presbyterian Church, a
large, costly and substantial brick structure, but razed it to the ground.
The next building to the northward, was the story and a half residence
of Mr. E. Spear, which, though not blown down, was greatly damaged;
then the one story brick of Philip J. Woodson, Esq., was unroofed. Next,
to the northward stood the Baptist Church and residence of R. E. Brown,
Esq., side by side, which were likewise swept away by the irresistible
rotary current.

We have followed the storm in its desolating progress to Lexington
street, and, going back again to south College street, and beginning with
the block next east of the one last described, and separated therefrom by
Thornton Avenue, we mention first the two story frame dwelling of Judge
Joseph E. Black, which was entirely destroyed; then the residence of
Captain G. N. McGee, a total loss; next the one story residence belong-
ing to Mrs. Mary Brown, but occupied by a tenant, also completely de-
molished, and the residence of Ephraim Holman, which shared a similar
fate.

Passing east, in our description, to the residence of Doctor Frank
Gaines, on Lexington street, we have to mention that building as also a
total loss. The residence of Mrs. Amelia Jacobs, in this neighborhood,
was also totally wrecked.

Again returning to South College street, we begin with the block east
of the one last mentioned; and first, the dwelling house of Paul Wertz
was literally blown away; and so, also, were the residences of N. P. War-
riner, and of Mrs. Morrison, and Mrs. Carson.

Proceeding with his melancholy task, the writer has again arrived at
Lexington street, at a point where the cyclone again narrowed its destruc-
tive work, and thence northward, embraced only two blocks. First, on
the west, starting northward, is the lumber yard of Brown & Limerick,
which was completely wrecked; the calaboose, a stone building, was par-
tially blown down, but the blacksmith-shop of Ball & Asbury was totally

392 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

destroyed. In the same block, but east of the buildings mentioned, stood
the residences of the late Judge Burgess, Colonel Dodd, and Houston
Jacobs, all of which were swept away.

East of this block, the residences of George Jacobs and Wyatt Baker
were destroyed. The Shaw House (now, 1881, Wasson House), the next
building north of Ball & Asbury's (now Asbury's) shop, suffered great
injury. Its east wing was blown down entirely, and every portion of the
building received considerable damage. Prior to the storm it was a three-
story building, but has since been repaired, without replacing the third
story. East of the Shaw House was the residence of James Harmony,
and east of that the elegant two-story residence of John P. Leeper, occu-
pied by Doctor G. W. Buchanan, both of which were entirely destroyed.
Immediately east of the buildings last mentioned stood the wagon factory
of Burgess Bros., the buggy factory of O. T. Dickenson, and the resi-
dences of Isaac Burgess, Captain Ben. Wigginton, and R. F. Asbury,
all of which were swept away.

Our description has brought us to South Main street. In the two
blocks of buildings on this street, extending to the northern limits of the
city, were about twenty-five houses, all of which were utterly demolished,
among the number we may mention the residences of David Whitmer,
Benjamin Jacobs, Fritz Lierman, William Marshall, Thomas Word, J.
W. Garner, Samuel Nading, John G. Ballard, T. J. Casey, F. W. Joy,
Thomas McGinnis, and George Warren.

The above were all one and two-story buildings, and were a total loss.
In this were located the African M. E. Church, and the school-house of
the colored people, both of which were torn to fragments.

On the street leading northward from the public square, and which is
west of the buildings last mentioned, the residences of Mrs. Mary Brown,
Thomas D. Woodson and W. A. Donaldson were greatly damaged; Mrs.
Brown's residence being blown to the ground.

The following business houses on the east side of the public square suf-
ferred material damage, viz: The three story brick dry goods store of
S. R. Crispin & Co., at the southeast corner of the square. The
Masonic hall was in the third story of this building, and was completely
destroyed, as the third story was blown off, as well as part of the second
story; the house occupied by C. Sayre; W. R. Jackson & Co.'s furniture
store; Jackson & Asbury's saloon; boot and shoe house of William Mar-
shall; drug store of Taylor & Smith (now Smith & Patton); and the store
house of Monroe Bros. All of these, except the first mentioned, were
two story brick buildings.

Just north, and across the street from the last mentioned, the lumber
yard of Jackson & Patton, and the wagon manufactory of Powell & Son,
were destroyed.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 393

South of the public square the business .houses of J. P. Quesenberry,
Dr. M. C. Jacobs, and Kiger & Wertz were partly unroofed; and the same
is true of Mosby & Son's drug store and the Ray county savings bank.

The post office was literally blown away. The court house was
unroofed and otherwise damaged. The livery stable of C. W. Schweich
& Co. was considerably injured.

Thus have we given a minute description of the entire devastated por-
tion of the city, which included fully one-third of its area. The total loss
of property was estimated at over $200,000.

This devastating wind current was a genuine cyclone, its motion being
rotary and irresistible. It was funnel-shaped in appearance, resembling
a water spout.

It is said that during its passage through the town, not a drop of water
fell. There were ascending and descending currents, and flying frag-
ments darkened the earth. After the cyclone had passed, its desolated
pathway presented the appearance of having been deluged with muddy
water. This was owing to the fact that a heavy rain preceded the
cyclone a moment or two.

On leaving the town, the cyclone veered slightly to the east; thence
north, striking Crooked river; thence west, demolishing the residence of
Thomas J. Bohannon, and carrying down the iron bridge at that point;
thence its course was northeast, to Hiram Settle's, seven miles from Rich-
mond; there it rose from the earth, and moved directly east, passing over
Morton, a small village in the eastern portion of the county. It again
descended to the earth at Highsinger's, a point twelve miles from where
it arose, at Settle's; thence taking a northeasterly direction, it lay waste
everything in its course.

The storm is estimated to have been three minutes in passing through
the city. It swept over that portion of the city in which were located
most of the mechanical shops and factories.

The destruction of property was great, indeed, but that was not irre-
parable. The energetic and enterprising citizens have so repaired and
rebuilt the desolated district, that now (1881) scarcely a vestige of the
great cyclone of 1878 remains. The buildings which were destroyed
, have been replaced with new, more costly and more substantial ones.
The loss of human life makes the saddest recollection of this terribly
destructive cyclone. The following persons were either killed outright,
or died from injuries received:

Captain William M. Jacobs was caught in front of C. D. Sayre's, by
the falling debris from the store and the Masonic hall, and completely
buried, and was not found till eleven o'clock the following day (Sunday).

Squire Bellis was buried by the fallen debris of Jackson & Patton's lum-
25

394 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

ber yard. Mr. Bellis resided in the country, and was killed while seeking
safety in the lumber yard.

John Campbell had started from M. C. Jacobs' drug store for his home
in the eastern part of the town, and when having reached a point on Lex-
ington street, just beyond Brown and Limerick's lumber yard, was killed
by the passing missiles.

Mattie Holman, aged five years, a child of W. R. Holman, was killed.

Miss Martha A. Ross, who was living at Ephraim Holman's, was
crushed by the falling building, and died in a few moments.

Mrs. Mary Joy was struck and killed by the falling house of F. W.

Joy-
Mrs. Martha A. Casey was instantly killed.

James Duncan, at Powell & Son's shop, was caught up by the wind,
carried one hundred yards, and mortally wounded. A missile was driven
into his head, entering near the nose. He lived but a few moments.

Miss Josie Couch, at the residence of William Marshall, was disem-
boweled, and died in a short time.

William A. Donaldson, Esq., was on his way from his law office to his
residence, when he was struck by flying debris, and died in an hour or two.

Mrs. Alvin Child was mortally wounded, and died in a short time.

Andrew Nading, son of Samuel Nading, was killed in the wreck of his
father's house.

Miss Florence Word, whose thigh was broken, died on Tuesday even-
ing, and was buried the next day.

Francis M. Ball, severely bruised about the head, legs and body, died on
Monday.

An infant child of Charles Ottman's lived till Tuesday, when it died of
injuries received in the storm. Mrs. Salina Bohannon died on Thursday
morning.

Miss Sarah Burgess, Berry Fox, Thomas J. Bohannon, Laura Wash-
ington (colored).

Following is a list of those who were seriously wounded: F. W. Joy,
leg broken; C.J. Hughes, Jr., leg broken; Willie Buchanan, Miss Emma
Shackelford, Miss Pauline Shackelford, Mrs. Perry Jacobs, Robert
Asbury, Charles and Lee Asbury, Dr. G. W. Buchanan, George War-
ren, George Crispin, James Donaldson, Blanche Harmony, Mrs. Thomas
McGinnis and four children, Thomas Bohannon and wife, V. P. Bernard,
Miss Mollie Streets, Colonel T. J. Dodd, Mrs. Paul Wertz, Robert Offutt,
Mrs. Belle Warriner, H. C. Burgess, Thomas Burgess, Isaac Burgess,
Mrs. William Marshall, William Burgess, Miss Mary Hughes, Mrs. Car-
son and two daughters, G. W. Schweich and infant child, Miss Laura
Belle Hughes, Albert Flumen, Mary E. Sheets, Thomas Word, Mary E.
Casey, David Whitmer, G. T. Limerick, Mrs. Julia Shweich.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 395

A number of colored persons were also seriously injured. Many per-
sons lost everything they had, and were left wounded and helpless. Those
who escaped threw open their doors, taking in the wounded and homeless.
Every one did all in his power to relieve the unfortunate sufferers. Peo-
ple from all parts of the country gathered in Richmond, eager to lend a
helping hand.

On Sunday, the day after the terrible storm, a mass meeting was held
and the following resolutions adopted:

Whereas, An unprecedented storm has visited our city, leaving much
loss of life, destruction of property and personal suffering in its pathway;
therefore, be it

Resolved, That a committee of arrangements and relief be appointed
to co-operate with the mayor and city authorities, consisting of ten per-
sons, whose duty it shall be to receive any contributions that may be
made for the relief of the poor and destitute, and to provide for and take
care of the many who have been injured; and generally to make such
arrangements as the circumstances may require, in aid of the suffering of
our fellow citizens, occasioned by the recent storm, and for the burial of
those who were killed.

Resolved, That all citizens who may feel disposed to render any assist-
ance for the object contemplated by the foregoing resolution, will please
to make application to some member of this committee, or to the mayor
or members of the city council, who will see that all contributions are
honestly and strictly applied for the relief of those needing it. That the
thanks of this meeting are hereby tendered to our neighbors from the
•country, and citizens of other counties, for the interest and sympathy
they have manifested and the aid so freely and cheerfully given, and to
the medical fraternity for their prompt and skillful attention rendered to
the suffering.

At a meeting of the relief committee the following resolution was
adopted:

Resolved, That Berrien J. Menefee, be,'and he is hereby appointed treas-
urer of this committee to receive all contributions and donations made to
the relief board in money or other things, and that he apply the same
under the direction of Judge Chas. J. Hughes, chairman of this committee,
or of George I. Wasson, mayor of the city, and that full reports be made
from time to time to this committee of the amount and character of the
contributions made and how distributed.

The following general committee was then appointed, viz: A. W.
Doniphan, James Hughes, B. J. Menefee, C. T. Garner, Sr., Dr. W. W.
Mosby, Captain J. L. Farris, Colonel J. W. Black, George N. McGee,
Thomas D. Woodson and John C. Morris.

On motion, Judge Hughes was made chairman of the committee. On
motion of J. T. Child, a committee composed of gentlemen from each
township, to solicit aid, was appointed.

At a called meeting of the relief committee on Monday evening, the
following action was had:

396 HISTORY OF RAY COUNT V.

On motion of James W. Black, Major R. S. Williams was instructed to
employ a sufficient number of hands to remove the debris from the streets.
The daily wages for laborers was fixed at $1.25. The proposition of
Major McKissack, to furnish ice and transportation free was accepted, and
the magnaminous offer properly acknowledged.

The committee of relief met Tuesday morning. A number of telegrams
were received, which the mayor was instructed to answer. Judge C. J.
Hughes was directed to instruct the different towns, as to the condition of
Richmond. C. T. Garner, W. P. Hubbell and W. I). Rice, were appoin-
ted to ascertain the real condition of the sufferers, to take their names and
ascertain their actual wants.

At the suggestion of many citizens from the country, a public meeting
was held in the court house yard on Monday. This meeting was attended
and participated in by a large number of citizens from different parts of
the county. This meeting resolved that the judge of the county court be
requested to make an appropriation, if in his judgment such an appropria-
tion was needed, to the sufferers of Richmond.

Committees were also appointed in all of the townships to solicit aid
from the citizens, and to receive and forward all contributions to the
relief committee at Richmond.

Besides the human beings enumerated, about ninety head of stock —
horses, cattle, etc., were killed. One team of horses was lifted up and
blown over the brick lumber yard of Jackson & Patton, and, being
dashed to the ground, in the back yard, were killed. Chickens and
geese were literally stripped of their feathers, and trees which were not
blown down or torn up by their roots, were barked from bottom to top.

On the west side of the cyclone, the debris moved south, on the east
side it moved north, showing the rotation to have been from right to left.

The postoffice building was a light, two story frame, on the east
corner of the north side of the public square. It was totally demolished,
and the contents scattered along the pathway of the cyclone for many
miles.

A registered package of stamped envelopes, intended for Millville, was
found eight miles out of town.

One package of envelopes for registered letters, was found in Caldwell
county, twenty miles north of Richmond, and returned.

One dead letter addressed, Michael Reeves, was found near James
Hughes' home farm, eight miles northeast of Richmond.

One package of paper, weighing two pounds, was found on a straw
pile, four miles from where the postoffice stood.

A registered letter was found thirteen miles north of town, lying against
a house. The letter was picked up by a farmer, who, finding it contained
two fifty dollar bills, returned it to the post master at Richmond.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 397

A letter was found near Tinney's Grove, twenty miles to the northeast,
in Grape Grove township.

A photograph of a Mrs. Engler, blown from one of the demolished
residences of Richmond, was found near Tinney's Grove, twenty miles
away.

Thousands of persons visited Richmond for several days succeeding
the storm. Nearly all came, and did all in their power to relieve the
immediate wants of the sufferers.

The destruction was complete over two entire blocks of buildings, from
the southern to the northern limits of the city. Outside of those blocks,
on either side the buildings and property, generally, were injured to a
greater or less extent along its entire path.

We find in the first issue of the Ray C '/iron ide after tthe cyclone, the fol-
lowing observations:

1. It was not over three hundred yards high.

2. The breadth of its forward motion was not more than eighty yards.

3. No rain fell during its passage.

4. The head, source, or place where the power wras applied was after
the cyclone was perfectly formed, a dark cloud, moving with the firmness
of a mountain, and the rapidity of the swiftest horse.

5. The rotary motion gave it a lateral diameter of one hundred and
fifty yards/ The rotation was often so rapid as throw air waves to either
side, with very destructive effects, and sometimes reaching a distance of
three hundred yards bevond the main path.

6. There was no particular development of heat, as to scorch green
substances or to burn persons. The ground was soaked with rain twenty
minutes in advance of the cyclone, and the soil was worked into a thin
mortar, and smeared overything; hence the appearance of a flood.*

Two members of the city council were killed, and the council adopted
the following tribute of respect:

Richmond Council Room,
Wednesday, June 5, 1878.

City council met, and was called to order by the mayor, George I.
Wasson. The roll was called. Present, the mayor, and councilmen, J.
W. Black, James W. Garner, George A. Hughes, and William Wilson.

The following resolutions were then presented by J. W. Black, and
adopted by the council:

Whereas, Our city having been visited on last Saturday afternoon, by
a most terrible cyclone, carrying death and destruction in its pathway,
and many families were rendered houseless, and the home circle bereft of
of its loved ones, stricken down in its devastating course, and among that
number our esteemed fellow citizens and members of the city council, Wm.
A. Donaldson and Francis M. Ball; therefore be it resolved by the council,
of the city of Richmond,

That in the death of Wm. A. Donaldson and F. M. Ball, their families

*We are indebted to the Ray Chronicle, of June 7, 1878, and to Dr. G. W. Buchanan for
the history of the Richmond cyclone.

398 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

have sustained an irreparable loss, society has been deprived of two of its
most worthy and useful citizens, and the city council of two of its most
active, energetic and faithful members.

Resolved, That we tender to their bereaved families and relatives, our
heartfelt sympathy and condolence, in this, the hour of their great
affliction.

Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions be communicated to the
families of the deceased, by the city recorder, and that they be spread
upon the records of the city council.

Resolved, That the Richmond Conservator and the Ray Chronicle
be requested to publish these resolutions.

Resolved, That in respect to the memory of the lamented deceased, we
adjourn until Wednesday, June 12th, 1878.

Geo. I. Wasson, Mayor.

W. C. Patton, City Recorder.

It is not easy to imagine how greater destruction could be wrought in
the same length of time than was caused by the Richmond cvclone of
June 1, 1878. It was indeed a great calamity, and will long be remem-
bered.

From personal experience, endured at another time, in another state,
the writer is fully prepared to appreciate the suffering of those who were
so unfortunate as to be in the pathway of the terribly devastating whirl-
wind.

With a list of the members of the bar and medical profession, and the
city charter and revised ordinances of the city of Richmond, we close its
history.

The Richmond bar has long been noted for the ability, learning and
eloquence of its members.

Lawyers who have distinguished themselves in various departments of
life, have either lived or practiced law at Richmond. Among them we
mention: Alexander W. Doniphan, Hamilton R. Gamble, Charles French,
Robert W. Wells, Abiel Leonard, Amos Rees, Thomas C. Burch, Mor-
decai Oliver, Austin A. King, Peter H. Burnett, and Aaron H. Conrow.

General Doniphan's fame as a soldier is world-wide. His heroic mil-
itary exploits are read in the school room, and live in the hearts of his
countrymen, yet he is not unknown as a brilliant and successful lawyer.
He is now retired from practice, and is a resident of Richmond.

As to Aaron H. Conrow, see biographical sketch in part second.

The rest, including Hon. Geo. W. Dunn, are mentioned elsewhere in
this work.

The Richmond bar has, at present, twenty members; several of them
have practiced in Richmond for many years, and are well and widely
known, as well for their professional ability as for their sterling worth as
members of society. The majority, however, are energetic and talented

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 39D

young gentlemen, either recently admitted to the bar, or who have been
engaged in the practice but a few years.

Following is a list of members of the Richmond bar in April, 1881:
Geo. W. Dunn, Christopher T. Garner, James W. Black, Joseph E. Black,
Chas. J. Hughes, John W. Shotwell, David P. Whitmer, James L. Farris,
Adam J. Barr, Elijah F. Esteb, James W. Garner, Frank G. Gibson, C.
T. Garner, Jr., William S. Conrow, Thos. N. Lavelock, J. E. Ball, John
R. Hamilton, John H. Dunn, George A. Stone and John F. Morton.

The medical profession is most ably represented in Richmond by the
following physicians, to-wit: Doctors G. W. Buchanan, H. P. Jacobs,
W. W. Mosby and son, H. C. Garner, J. D. Taylor, James W. Smith, M.
C. Jacobs (eclectic), and R. B. Kice (D. D. S.)

Dr. Nathaniel Davis was a physician of Richmond for many years, but
is now retired from the practice, and is living quietly at his home, just
without the eastern limits of the city.

AN ACT TO INCORPORATE" THE CITY OF RICHMOND.

Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Missouri, as fol-
lows :

ARTICLE I.

Section 1. All that district of country contained within the following
boundaries, to-wit: Beginning at a point fifty-eight chains and fifty links
north of public square, on the line between the land of G. W. Dunn and
Mrs. Darneal; thence east to the section line between sections twenty-
nine and thirty, fifty-two chains and fiftv-four links; thence south one
hundred and three chains and eighty-two links; thence west one hundred
and five chains and eight links; thence north one hundred and three chains
and eighty-two links; thence east fifty-two chains and fifty-four links, to
the place of beginning, shall be, and the same is hereby erected into a
city, by the name of "The City of Richmond," and the inhabitants thereof
shall be, and they are hereby constituted, a body corporate and politic, by
the name and style of "the mayor, councilmen, and citizens of the city of
Richmond," and by that name they and their successors forever shall
have perpetual succession, shall sue and be sued, implead and be
impleaded, defend and be defended in all courts of law and equity, and in
all actions whatsoever; may contract and be contracted with, may pur-
chase, receive, and hold property, real and personal, within said city, and
may sell, lease, or dispose of the same for the benefit of the city, and may
purchase, receive, and hold property, real or personal, beyond the limits
of said city, to be used for the burial of the dead of the city, or for the
establishment of a hospital lor the reception of persons afflicted with con-
tagious or other diseases, or for the erection of a poor-house and farm, or
work-house, or house of correction, and may sell, lease, or dispose of such
property for the benefit of the city, and may do all other acts and things
as natural persons. They may have and use a common seal, and may
break, alter, change, and make a new seal at pleasure.

Sec. 2. The city of Richmond hereby created, as soon as may be,
shall be divided into six wards, so as to include, as near as may be, the

400 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

same number of free white male inhabitants in each ward, and the city
council shall have the power to alter or change the boundaries of said
wards from time to time, as they see fit, or to increase, or diminish the
number of said wards, having regard to the number of free white male
inhabitants, as aforesaid, so that each ward shall, as aforesaid, have, as
nearly as may be, an equal number of inhabitants.

ARTICLE II.

Section 1. The corporate powers of the inhabitants hereby incorpor-
ated under the name and style of the " mayor, councilmen, and citizens of
the city of Richmond," shall be vested in and exercised by a city council,
to consist of one member from each ward, to be elected by general ticket,
by the qualified voters of said city, on the first Monday in April, annually,
unless otherwise provided by ordinance.

Sec. 2. No person shall be a member of the city council, unless he be
a free white male citizen of the state of Missouri, over the age of twenty-
one years, and shall have resided within the city limits three months, next
preceding his election, and be a bona fide resident of the ward for which
he is elected.

Sec. 3. If a councilman shall, after his election, remove from the ward
from which he was chosen, his office shall be thereby vacated.

Sec 4. The council, in the absence of the mayor, shall elect one of
their number to be a president pro tempore of the council, and the presi-
dent -pro tempore thus elected, shall, during the absence from the city of
the mayor, or of a vacancy in the office, or of inability of the mayor to
serve, perform all the duties of mayor.

Sec. 5. The mayor and the city council shall and may annually choose
such agents and servants as they shall deem necessary in the transaction
of their business, and remove them at pleasure.

Sec. 6. The mayor and the city council shall be the judges of the elec-
tion returns, and qualifications of such mayor and members of said city
council, and shall determine contested elections.

Sec. 7. A majority of the council shall constitute a quorum to do busi-
ness, but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and may com-
pel the attendance of absent members in such a manner, and under such
penalties, as the council may prescribe.

Sec. 8. The council may determine the rules of their proceedings,
punish their members for disorderly conduct, and, with the concurrence
of two thirds of all the members elected, expel a member, but not a sec-
ond time for the same offense.

Sec. 9. The mayor and council shall keep a journal of their proceed-
ings, and the ayes and nays of the members on any question shall, at the
desire of any member present, be entered on the journal.

Sec 10. Neither the mayor or any member of the council shall, dur-
ing the time for which he or they are elected, be appointed to any office
under the provisions of this act, unless a petition to that effect be signed
by two-thirds of the qualified voters of the city.

Sec. 11. All vacancies that shall occur in the council shall be filled
in such manner as shall be provided by ordinance.

Sec 12. Every member of the council, before entering upon the
duties of his office, shall, in addition to the oath of office hereinafter required,

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 401

make affidavit that it is his bona fide intention to reside within the ward
for which he was elected during the term for which he was elected.

Sec. 13. Whenever there shall be a tie in the election of members of
the council, the judges of election shall certify the same to the mayor, or
person exercising the duties of mayor, who shall immediately thereupon
issue his proclamation, stating such facts, and ordering a new election,
giving twenty days' previous notice thereof, and if such ties shall occur
upon any election for mayor, such judges of election shall certify the same
to the city council, and such council, after qualification, shall elect
between such candidates having an equal number of votes; and in the fur-
ther event that neither of such candidates for mayor shall receive a
majority of the votes of said council, a new election for mayor shall be
ordered by said council immediately, giving twenty days' previous notice
of the time and place of such election. •

Sec. 14. There shall be stated meetings of the council once in every
calendar month, at such time and place as the council, by ordinance, shall
designate, and other and further proceedings of said council may be con-
vened by the mayor or person discharging the duties of mayor, at any
time in his discretion, provided always that said mayor and council may
adjourn any meeting from day to day, or to any time within said calendar
month.

Sec. 15. Upon the passage of all and every bill appropriating money,
imposing taxes, or increasing, lessening or abolishing licenses, or borrow-
ing money, the yeas and nays shall be entered upon the journal upon the
motion of the mayor or any member of the council.

Sec. 16. A majority of all the members of the council shall be neces-
sary to pass any tax bill, or bills appropriating any sum amounting to one
hundred dollars, or any other bill or bills, involving a like amount in any-
wise increasing, affecting or diminishing the city revenue.

article hi.

Section. 1. The council shall have power within the city ordinance:
1st, To levy and collect taxes not exceeding three-fifths of one per centum
per annum upon the assessed value of all property made taxable by law,
for state purposes, and also to provide for the collection of the same by
the sale of real and personal estate within the city, in such manner as
this act or the council by ordinance shall provide. 2d, To borrow
money on the credit of the city, upon a vote of two-thirds of the mem-
bers of the council. 3d, To appropriate money and provide for the pay-
ment of the debts, appropriations, contracts, liabilities and expenses of the
city. 4th, To make regulations to guard against and prevent the
introduction of contagious and infectious diseases into the city, and to
make quarantine laws for that purpose, and enforce the same within two
miles of the city. 5th, To establish hospitals, employ physicians' atter d-
ance, and procure drugs and medicines, and to make regulations for the
government and care thereof. 6th, To make regulations to secure the
general health of the inhabitants, and to abate, prevent, and remove nuis-
ances. 7th, To provide the city with water, by digging wells, making
cisterns, and improving springs and creeks, and. erecting and providing
pumps on the streets, avenues, and sidewalks within the boundaries of the
city, for the convenience of the inhabitants thereof. 8th, To create, open

402 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

alter, abolish, widen, extend, establish, grade, pave, or otherwise improve,,
and to clean, macadamize and keep in repair streets, avenues, lanes and
alleys within the city, with the express restriction that the council shall not
establish, or open, any street, lane, avenue or alley through any property
which has not been laid out into town lots, and a plat thereof filed accord-
ing to law, unless by the written consent of the proprietors of such prop-
erty; provided always, that the council may, by ordinance, require the
owner of such property, when laid out into lots, or outlots, to have the
streets, lanes, alleys, or avenues to correspond as near as may be with the
streets, lanes, alleys or avenues in use in the city; and no lane, or avenue,
or alley shall be altered unless such city council shall pay the owner of
such real estate such damages as may be found due to such proprietor, to
be ascertained by a jury of twelve men, or by any other provisions as the
council may, by ordinance, prescribe, or by any other legal proceedings.
9th, To establish, erect and keep in repair, bridges, culverts and sewers,
and regulate the use of the same. 10th, To establish, sup-
port and regulate the night watch and patrol, lith, To erect market-
houses, establish markets and places, and provide for the government and
regulation thereof. 12th, To.provide for the erection of all needful build-
ings, for the use of the city. 13th, To provide for enclosing and improv-
ing any real estate belonging to the city. 14th, To license, tax and regu-
late auctioneers, grocers, merchants, retailers, dram shop keepers,
ordinaries, taverns and inns. 15th, To license, tax, regulate and
restrain and suppress hawkers, peddlers, shows, theatrical and other
performances and exhibitions. 16th, To license, tax and suppress, pro-
hibit and restrain gaming and gambling houses, bawdy houses, and other
disorderly houses. 17th, To provide for the extinguishment of fires,
and prevention thereof; to organize and establish fire companies, and to
provide necessary and suitable engines, hose, buckets, ladders, fireworks
and apparatus ; also to regulate and prevent the carrying on of any business,
pursuit or manufactory of a character to cause or produce fires, or preju-
dical, or injurious to the health of inhabitants, and to compel the owners
of the houses and other buildings to have scuttles upon the roofs of any
such houses or buildings, and stairs and ladders leading to the same.
18th, To regulate and order the cleaning of chimneys, and to fix the
flues thereof, to regulate the storage of gunpowder, tar, pitch, resin,
hemp, cotton, and all other combustible materials, and to regulate the use
of lights and lighted lamps or candles in all stables, shops and other places:
to remove or prevent the construction of any fire-place, hearth, chimney,
stove, oven, boiler, kettle, or apparatus used in any house, building, man-
ufactory, or business which may be dangerous in causing or promoting
fire, to prohibit under suitable penalties the firing of fire-crackers, and the
discharging of fire arms, to direct the safe construction of deposits for
ashes and to enter into at reasonable hours, or to appoint one or more offi-
cers at reasonable times to enter into and examine all out-houses, lots,
yards, enclosures, and out-buildings of every description, in order to dis-
cover whether any of them are in a dangerous state, and to»cause such as
may be found by the verdict of a jury to be dangerous, to be put in safe and
secure condition. 19th, To provide for the inspection and weighing of
hay, the storing and measuring of charcoal, stone coal, fire wood, and
other fuel to be used in the city. 20th, To regulate the inspection of but-

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 403

ter, lard and other provisions, vending of meat, poultry, butter, eggs, and
fruit, and to suppress the huckstering within market hours. 21st, To pro-
vide for taking an enumeration of the inhabitants of the city. 22d, To
provide for the election of all elective city officers, and provide for the
removing from office any person holding an office created by this act or by
ordinance not otherwise provided for, to fix the compensation of the city
officers and regulate the fees of all jurors, witnesses and others for services
rendered under this act or any ordinance. 23d, To regulate the police of
the city, to impose fines, forfeitures, and penalties for the breach of any
city ordinance, and provide for the recovery, and appropriating such fines
and forfeitures, and the enforcement of such penalties. 24th, To erect a
workhouse and house of correction, and provide for the regulation and
government thereof. 25th, To levy and collect a poll tax, not exceeding
one dollar, upon every free white male person over twenty-one years
of age, who shall have resided three months within the city. 26th,
To remove all obstacles from the side-walks, and for the cleaning of the
same, and of the gutters at the expense of the owners of the ground front-
ing thereon. 27th, To prevent and restrain any riot, noise, disturbance
or disorderly assemblage in any street, house, or place in the city. 28th,
To prevent and remove all obstructions in and upon all streets, lanes,
avenues and alleys, established by law or ordinance. 29th, To have and
exercise complete control over any commons belonging to the city, and all
property belonging to the city, real and personal, whether lying in or
beyond the limits of the corporation created by this act, and the same to
lease, sell, transfer and dispose of either absolutelv or with limitation, to
any person or persons whatsoever. 30th, To make such general rules,
regulations, by-laws and ordinances, for the purpose of maintaining the
peace, good morals, and good government and order of the city of Rich-
mond, and the trade, commerce, business and manufacturers thereof, as
the city council may deem expedient, not repugnant to the constitu-
tion or general laws of the state, and also to enforce the observance
thereof, by inflicting penalties upon any inhabitants thereof, or other
person or persons for violation of any ordinance, not exceeding ninety
dollars for any one offense, to be recoverable with costs in any action
of debt, by and in the name of the "ma}ror, councilmen and citizens
of the city of Richmond," for the use of the city, before the recorder
of any court having jurisdiction or cognizance of the same. 31st, To
make all ordinances subject to restriction in the last preceding subdi-
vision of this section, specified, which shall be necessary and proper for
carrying into effect the powers specified in this section, and all other
powers vested by this act in the corporation, the city government, or any
department or officer thereof. 32d, That all taxation laws passed by this
city council, other than those applying to hucksters, menageries, circuses,
concerts, shows, theatrical exhibitions and similar amusements, shall be
based upon the ad valorem principle. 33d, No money shall be drawn
from the treasury, except in pursuance of an ordinance or resolution of the
city council regularly passed, at a regular or special meeting of the coun-
cil. 34th, Every ordinance or resolution passed by the city council,
shall be signed by the mayor or president pro tern, of the city council,
and attested by the clerk of the city council before it takes effect. 35th,.
The style of the ordinances of this city shall be, " Be it ordained by the city

404 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

council of the City of Richmond." 36th, All ordinances passed by the
city council shall, within thirty days after they become laws, be published
in pamphlet form or in some newspaper printed in the city of Richmond,
in the discretion of the city council, or by copies thereof set up in three
public places in different parts of the city; but the failure to publish any
ordinance within the time specified in this section, shall not render void
or effect the validity of any such ordinance, unless such delay may cause
such ordinance to act retrospectively over the rights of individuals. 37th,
All ordinances of the city may be proven by the seal of the corporation,
and until a seal is provided, by the private seal of the clerk of the city
council, and when such ordinances have been printed and published by
the authority of the corporation, the same shall be received in evidence
in all courts and places without further proof.

Sec. 2. No person shall, within the limits of this citv, directly or indi-
rectly, sell intoxicating liquors, of any kind, without first taking out a
special license therefor, obtained as may be prescribed by the city council
by ordinance. Upon every license there shall be levied a tax not less
than five nor more than one hundred dollars for city purposes, at the dis-
cretion of the city council for everv period of six months.

Sec 3. No person having a license, as in the last preceding section
provided, shall directly or indirectly, sell, barter, exchange or give away
any intoxicating liquor, or strong drink of any kind, to any slave with-
out permission in writing from the master, owner or overseer of such
slave.

Sec 4. No person having a license from the city council, as above
provided, shall, directly or indirectly, sell, barter, exchange, or give away
any intoxicating liquor, or strong drink of any kind, to any apprentice or
minor, without first having permission in writing from the parent, guar-
dian, or person with whom the minor may at the time be living or board-
ing, and in case of apprentices from the person to whom the individual
is bound, or his parent.

Sec 5. Any person convicted of a violation of either of the preced-
ing sections of this act, shall be fined in a sum not less than twenty, nor
more than one hundred dollars for each offense, to be recovered as may
be prescribed by ordinance.

ARTICLE IV.

Section 1. The chief executive of this city shall be the mayor, who
shall be elected by the qualified voters of the city, and shall hold his
office for the term of one year, and until his successor is duly elected
and qualified, provided that an election to fill a vacancy shall be only
for the remainder of the term for which his predecessor was elected.

. Sec 2. No person shall be mayor, who, at the time of his election, is
not possessed of the qualifications for a councilman.

Sec 3. If two or more persons shall have an equal number of votes
for mayor, or if the election be contested, the city council shall decide the
election by vote.

Sec 4. Whenever any vacancy shall happen in the office of mayor
it shall be filled by election, in such manner as shall be provided by
ordinance.

Sec 5. The mayor may be removed from office for any misdemeanor,
by a majority of two-thirds of the city council.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 405

Sec. 6. The mayor shall act as president of the city council, and shall
(have) power to nominate, and by and with the consent of the city coun-
cil, to appoint all city officers not ordered by this act to be otherwise
appointed. He shall take care that the ordinances of the city are duly
performed, enforced, respected and observed in the city. He may remit
fines, punishments, forfeitures and penalties accruing from or imposed for
the violation of any law or ordinance of the city. He may fill all vacaji-
cies which may occur in any elective office other than that of a member
of the council, until the same be filled by election; and in any other office
until the end of the next session of the council, which may happen after
the vacancy shall have occurred. He shall, from time to time, give to
the city council information relative to the state of the city, and shall rec-
ommend to their consideration such measures as he may deem expedient
for the advantage of the city. The mayor, while presiding in the city
council, shall have no vote on any measure or question, except there be
a tie, in which case he shall* give the casting vote.

Sec. 7. The mayor may call special meetings of the council by proc-
lamation or by written notice.

Sec. 8. Whenever a special session of the council shall have been
called by the mayor, he shall state to them when assembled, the cause for
which they have convened.

Sec. 9. There shall be a recorder within and for said city, who shall
be ex-officio clerk of the city council, and perform such other duties as the
city council may direct; a city treasurer, a city constable, a city assessor,
and city attorney, who in addition to the duties prescribed in this act, shall
perform such other duties prescribed by ordinance. All of said officers
shall be elected by the qualifed voters of the city at the regular annual
city election, on the first Monday in April of each year. There shall also
be such other officers, servants and agents of the corporation as may be
provided by ordinance, to be appointed by the mayor, by and with the
consent and advice of the city council, and to perform such other duties
as may be prescribed by ordinance, and such officers shall be removable
at the pleasure of the city council, by a majority of two-thirds of the city
council.

Sec. 10. The city council may, by ordinance, provide for the election
by the qualified voters of the city, of any of the officers.

Sec. 11. It shall be the duty of the clerk of the city council to keep a
journal of the proceedings of the council, to record in a separate book all
ordinances or resolutions appropriating money,to keep a record of all the
official acts of the mayor, and when necessary to attest them; he shall
keep and preserve in his office the common seal of the city, and all
records, public papers and documents, not properly belonging to any other
officer.

Sec. 12. It shall be the duty of the city treasurer to receive and keep
the money of the city, and to pay out the same on warrants drawn by
the mayor or other officers authorized by ordinance to draw them.

Sec. 13. The city constable shall, within the city, possess the same
powers, perform the same duties, and receive the same fees and compen-
sation as the constable of Richmond township, for similar services. He
shall execute and return all process to him directed, whenever issued by
the mayor, recorder, or any member of the city council, or by a justice of

406 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

the peace, when any justice of the peace is authorized to issue process
under this act, or any ordinance of the city; he shall also be collector of
the city taxes.

Sec. 14. The mayor and all other officers of the corporation shall
reside within the limits of the corporation during their continuance in
office, and if the mayor of the corporation shall cease to reside within the
limits of the same, his office shall be thereby vacated.

Sec. 15. The recorder shall be a resident of the city, and shall possess
the same qualifications as the mayor and city council, and shall hold his
office one year, and until his successor is duly commissioned and qualified.
Such recorder may be removed from office in the same manner as the
mayor. He shall have the same jurisdiction as the justices of the
peace within and for the limits of the city. He shall have exclusive juris-
diction over all cases arising under any ordinance of said city, subject,
however, in all cases, to an appeal to the circuit court of Ray county,
and every such appeal shall be granted as in this act is expressed. He
shall have power under the seal of the city, to take and certify the
acknowledgement of deeds, conveyances and all other instruments of
writing requiring authentication, and such deeds, conveyances or other
instruments may be recorded in any county of the state, or may be read
in evidence in any court in this state, without further authentication ; he
shall be authorized to administer oaths and affirmations, and take and cer-
tify depositions; he shall be entitled, in all cases, to the same fees which
are now, or may be hereafter allowed by law to justices of the peace for
similar services, which shall be taxed and collected as other costs, by fee
bill or execution.

Sec. 16. In the event of the absence, sickness, removal, or inability of
the recorder to act, any justice of the peace, residing within the limits of
the city, shall have power to hear, try and determine all cases properly
cognizable before the recorder ; and if no justice of the peace should be
residing in said city, then any justice of the peace within and for Rich-
mond township, shall have power to hear, try and determine all cases
properly cognizable before the recorder.

article v.

Section 1. A general election for all the officers of corporation required
to be elected by this act or by any ordinance of the city, shall be holden
on the first Monday in April in each year, unless otherwise provided bv
ordinance.

Sec. 2. At all elections for city officers, the voters shall vote viva voce,
and the manner and place of holding such election shall be regulated by
ordinance.

Sec. 3. Three judges of election, and two clerks shall be appointed by
the city council, unless otherwise provided by ordinance; they shall take
an oath to faithfully and impartially discharge their duties; they shall
open the polls at nine o'clock in the morning, and keep open until six
o'clock in the afternoon, when they shall proceed forthwith publicly to
ascertain the result of the election, and when ascertained to make proclam-
ation thereof. The poll books shall be, after certified as aforesaid,
returned by the clerks of the election to the city council, there to remain
for inspection and examination.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 407

Sec. 4. All persons qualified as electors under the tenth section of the
third article of the constitution of the state of Missouri, who shall have
resided three months within the city next preceding the elections shall
be deemed qualified voters at all elections for city officers.

Sec. 5. Elections for city officers shall continue for one day only;
special elections to fill vacancies shall be held under such regulations as
may be provided by city ordinance.

ARTICLE VI.

Section 1. It shall not be lawful for the city council to grade, pave
or macadamize any streets, lanes or avenues not opened, and established
according to law or ordinance; it shall be lawful, nevertheless, for the city
council to order the owner or owners of ground fronting on any private
alley to keep the same clean, and if necessary thereto, to direct him or
them to pave the same.

Sec. 2. When it is necessary to take private property for opening,
widening, altering or extending any public street, lane or avenue, the cor-
poration shall make a just compensation therefor to the person whose
property is taken, and if the amount of such compensation cannot be
agreed upon, the recorder shall cause the same to be ascertained by a jury
of twelve disinterested free-holders of the city.

Sec. 3. In opening, altering, widening or extending alleys through
blocks or squares of the city, the same proceeding shall be had in case of
opening, widening, altering or extending public streets, lanes or avenues,
with the addition that the jury will ascertain the amount of benefit that
will accrue to the person whose property is taken, and those who may
have petitioned for the opening, widening, altering or extending of such
alley.

Sec. 4. When the owners of the major part of all the property on the
street, lane, avenue or alley proposed to be opened, widened, altered or
extended shall petition therefor, the mayor and city council may open,
widen, alter or extend such street, lane, avenue or alley, upon conditions
prescribed by ordinance, but no compensation shall, in such case, be made
to those whose property shall be taken for opening, widening, altering or
extending such street, lane, avenue or alley, who have petitioned for the
same; nor shall there be any assessment of benefit or damages that may
accrue thereby to any of the petitioners.

Sec. 5. All jurors empanelled to inquire into amount of benefit or
damages which shall happen to any owner of property proposed to be
taken for opening, widening, altering Or extending any street, lane, avenue
or alley, shall first be sworn to that effect, and shall return to the mayor
their inquest, signed by each juror.

Sec. 6. The mayor shall have power, for good cause shown in ten
days after inquest shall have been returned to him, as mentioned in pre-
ceding section, to set the same aside and cause a new inquest to be made.

Sec. 7. The mayor and councilmen shall have power by ordinance to
enforce the payment of all sums, which a jury shall declare to be the
amount of benefits accruing to the owners of property upon which any
alley shall be opened, widened, altered or extended, if the owner be one
of the petitioners for opening, widening, altering or extending such alley.

Sec. 8. The mayor and council shall have power by ordinance to levy

408 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

and collect a special tax on the holders of any lots or any street, lane, or
avenue or alley, or any part of any street, lane, avenue or alley, accord-
ing to the respective fronts owned by them, for the purpose of paving or
grading such street, lane, avenue or alley, provided always said tax shall
not exceed three-fifths of one per centum; nor shall the grading or paving
be done at the expense of the owners of the lots fronting on the street,
lane, avenue or alley, unless a petitfon for such grading and paving,
signed by the owners of a major part of the ground fronting thereon, be
presented for such purpose.

Sec. 9. The city council shall have power by ordinance to direct the
manner in which any property, real or personal, advertised for sale or sold
for taxes, general or special, or for the costs of any improvement done, or
ordered to to be done by the authority of the corporation, may be redeemed.

Sec. 10. Lands within the limits of the city, which have not been laid
off into blocks or lots, shall not be taxed or assessed, otherwise than by
the acre as agricultural or waste land, and shall continue to be so taxed
and assessed until laid off into blocks or lots by the owners, respectively;
and the owners of such lands, in laying the same oft' into blocks or lots,
shall so arrange the streets that they shall correspond with the present
established streets of the city.

article vii.

Section 1. The city council shall cause to be published at the end of
each fiscal year, a full, complete and detailed statement of all moneys
received and expended by the corporation during the preceding fiscal
year, and on what account received and expended, classifying each receipt
and expenditure under its appropriate head.

Sec. 2. All suits, actions and prosecutions instituted, commenced or
brought by the corporation hereby created, shall be instituted, com-
menced and prosecuted in the name of the " mayor, councilmen and citi-
zens of the city of Richmond."

Sec. 3. All actions, fines, taxes, penalties and forfeitures which have
accrued to " the inhabitants of Richmond," or the trustees of said town
under their former incorporation, and the by-laws and ordinances for the
recovery of which no suits or actions at law shall have been commenced
or instituted, shall be, and the same is hereby vested in, and be prosecuted
for by the corporation hereby created.

Sec. 4. All property, real, personal, or mixed, money, effects and
choses in actions now or heretofore belonging to "the inhabitants of the
town of Richmond," or the trustees of said town in their corporate
capacity shall be, and the same is hereby declared to be vested in the
name of the corporation hereby created, for whomsoever the same may
be in the possession, or under the control, any law, usage or arrangement
to the contrary notwithstanding.

Sec. 5. This charter and incorporation shall not invalidate any act
done by the " inhabitants of the town of Richmond," or the trustees or any
officer thereof, nor divest them of any right which may have accrued to
them prior to the passage of this act.

Sec. 6. This act is hereby declared to be a public act, and may be
read in evidence in all courts of law and equity in this state without
further proof.

Sec. 7. All persons residing within the limits of the city of Richmond

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 409

are hereby exempted from working upon any road without and beyond
the boundaries of said city, and from paying any tax, fine or penalty, to
be applied to employ laborers, furnish means or tools, or provide materials
to work, or to be used upon any road beyond the limits of said city.

Sec. 8. Any and all persons who shall fail, neglect, or refuse to pay
any fine, forfeiture, penalty or costs imposed upon him or them, by any
ordinance of said city, for any misdemeanor, after conviction thereof by
the verdict of a jury, shall and may be committed to the common jail of
Ray county, by the recorder of said city or other officer having jurisdic-
tion, until such fine and costs are paid, provided that such imprisonment
shall not exceed the term of ninety days, to be regulated by ordinance,
and to be found by such jury, and any such commitment shall be recalled
by any such committing officer whenever the person to be fined, convicted
or imprisoned shall take an appeal to the Ray circuit court, according to
the rules and regulations and provisions governing the taking of appeals
from the justices of the peace to the circuit court, provided, nevertheless,
that the corporation hereby created shall be liable for costs, fees and
other expenses incurred under this section, whenever the person so con-
victed, sentenced and imprisoned is unable to pay the same.

Sec. 9. The fiscal year of said city shall terminate on the day preced-
ing the second Monday of March, of each year, and such period, or ter-
mination of said fiscal year may be altered or changed by the city council
by ordinance.

Sec. 10. There shall be a digest or revision of the ordinances of the
city which are of a public or general nature, published in a newspaper,
printed in said city, or in pamphlet form, or in both, in the discretion of
the city council, within twelve months after the passage of this act, and a
like digest within every period of three years thereafter.

Sec. 11. The council may provide by ordinance for the collecting,.
from every delinquent officer of the city, any revenue, money, or property
improperly detained, or not accounted for by such officer, and may pro-
vide the penalty or punishment for such delinquency or failure to account
for such monev or property.

Sec. 12. The city council, or any officer or department thereof, shall
not have the power to issue any bills, scrip, or paper, of any description
soever, to circulate as currency, or representative thereof; but any war-
rant, draft, note, obligation, or bond of the city may be transferred and
made transferable by endorsement thereon from each holder, under such
restrictions and regulations as the city council may prescribe, not contrary
to the true meaning and intent of this section.

Sec. 13. Whenever any real estate shall have been advertised for sale,
or shall have been sold for the payment of any fine, judgment, penalty,
forfeiture or taxes, or in consequence of a failure upon the part of the
owner thereof to grade, pave or curb the front of any sidewalk fronting
upon any public street or avenue by the authority of the corporation, such
owner or owners, whether resident or non-resident of said city, may
within two years after such sale redeem the same by paying to the pur-
chaser or purchasers thereof the full amount of said purchase money, and
all taxes subsequently paid thereon, together with all costs and full value
of any useful or necessary improvements or needful repairs made thereon

410 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

by such purchasers, to be assessed by a jury of twelve householders
before the recorder of said city, together with one hundred per centum
upon the original amount of purchase money paid therefor by such pur-
chaser, provided, however, that married women, persons of unsound mind,
and minors shall have the period of five years after such disabilities are
removed to appear and redeem the land sold as above provided.

Sec. 14 Any purchaser of any real estate, sold for the non-payment
of any fine, judgment, penalty, forfeiture, or taxes, or in consequence of a
failure on the part of the owner thereof to grade, curb, or pave any front
or sidewalk fronting upon any public street or avenue, upon the payment
to the treasurer of the corporation hereby created, of the purchase
money thereof, shall receive of and from such treasurer a certificate
of the payment of said amount of purchase money, describing such real
estate by lot and number, upon the recorded plat of said town of Rich-
mond, or by the metes and bounds thereof, and briefly describing the
judgment, penalty, forfeiture, tax, or improvement, for the non-payment
of which the same was sold, together with the date of sale, which certifi-
cate shall be countersigned by the mayor of said city, under the seal of the
corporation.

Sec 15. Any holder of such certificate, after the lapse of two years
from the date thereof, (if a resident or non-resident owner of such real
estate shall have failed, neglected, or refused to redeem the same in the
manner provided by this act), upon the production of such certificate at
any regular session of the city council, and upon said council, or a major-
ity of them being satisfied by the affidavit of such purchaser, or other-
wise, that said owner has failed to redeem the estate herein described
within two years after the sale of such real estate, and the date of such
certificate, such purchaser shall receive a deed of conveyance from the
said corporation, conveying to such purchaser the real estate described in
such certificate.

Sec 16. The deed of conveyance referred to in the foregoing section
of this article shall be made and executed by the mayor of the city of
Richmond in the name of said city, and shall recite the judgment, penal-
ties, forfeitures, taxes or neglected improvement, together with a law or
ordinance under which the (same) was sold, the advertisement of sale,
time, place and term of sale, the fact of the sale, the consideration, the
certificate granted by the treasurer, and the failure to redeem, and shall
convey the premises as described in such certificate by the operative
words " assign, transfer, convey and confirm " to such purchaser and his
heirs and assigns forever, reserving the right of married women, persons
of unsound mind and minors, as hereinbefore provided.. Such conveyance
shall be signed by said mayor, and attested under the seal of the said cor-
poration, and shall be acknowledged before any officer (other than the
recorder of the citv) authorized to take acknowledgments of instruments
of writing, conveying real estate under the laws of the state of Missouri.

Sec 17. Such deed of conveyance so executed and acknowledged
shall vest in such purchaser all the right, title and interest, estate and
property of the previous owner of such real estate, and shall be admitted
as evidence in any court within this state in any suit or action at law, or in
equity as prima facie evidence of title without further proof.

Sec 18. The owner of any real estate sold under the provisions of this

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 411

act, or his widow, heirs or executors, or administrators, may any time
within two years after such sale, redeem the same by paying to the pur-
chaser thereof, or to the treasurer of the corporation hereby created, the
amount paid by said purchaser, and all taxes subsequently thereon, to-
gether with the value of any and all useful or necessary improvements and
needful repairs made thereon by such purchaser, together with one hun-
dred per centum upon the original amount of purchase money paid there-
for, and upon such payment shall receive from the said council, attested
by the mayor, under the seal of the corporation, a quietus to the title
thereto conforming as nearly as may be the quietus granted by the state
of Missouri under analogous circumstances, and such quietus shall fully
vest all the title to such real estate in the original owner.

Sec. 19. All surplus money received by the corporation hereby
created, arising from the sale of any real estate over and above the amount
due for taxes, fines, forfeitures, penalties, judgments and costs, at the
time of such sale, shall be paid over to the owner of such real estate ;
or his legal representatives, in the event of his decease, may appy
to the city council for sut;h surplus, who shall issue a warrant on the
city treasurer in favor of the owner of such real estate at the time of such
sale, or his representatives, for such amount so paid into the city treasurer
for his use.

Sec 20. All prosecutions for misdemeanors shall be instituted before
the recorder or other officer having jurisdiction thereof, as in this act is
herein expressed and directed.

Sec. 21. The true intent and meaning of this act is, an appeal shall be
allowed to the Ray circuit court from the final judgment of the recorder
or other officer having jurisdiction of the subject matter, (other than for
contempt of court) or from the finding of any jury in like manner and
with like effect, as appeals are allowed from justices of the peace to said
court, any law or usage, or any provision or construction of this act to
the contrary notwithstanding.

Sec 22. Whenever an appeal shall be allowed to the Ray circuit
court from the verdict and finding of any jury, or from the judgment of
the recorder or other officer having jurisdiction under this act, such
appeal, if involving a charge of misdemeanor, shall be tried by said cir-
cuit court before a jury of six men, and such misdemeanor shall be pun-
ished in the manner and according to the provisions of this act, and the
ordinance of the city council governing such original trial, not incon-
sistent with, or repugnant to the same, any law or usage to the con-
trary notwithstanding, and if such appeal be taken from the judgment of
the recorder or other officer, or finding of any jury, in any act to recov r
any tax, fine or penalty, or forfeiture, other than a misdemeanor for the
breach of any law or ordinance or by-law of said city, such action shall be
tried before such circuit court as appeals from justices of the peace, and shall
be governed and determined in all respects and particulars as nearly as may
be according to such existing law, ordinance or by-law of the said city of
Richmond, and provisions thereof, before such recorder or other officer
having jurisdiction upon such original trial, any law or usage to the con-
trary notwithstanding.

Sec 23. The practice and proceedings before the recorder under this
act, for the recovery of any fines, tax, penalty or forfeiture, for the breach

412 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

of any city ordinance or by-laws, (unless when herein otherwise expressly
provided,) shall conform in all respects and particulars as nearly as may
be to the laws of the state of Missouri regulating justices' courts.

Sec. 24. In all cases, where a judgment shall be rendered by the re-
corder or other officer having jurisdiction, against any defendant for any
fine, penalty, or forfeiture, or for the breach of any law or ordinance, or
upon the verdict and finding of any jury, and such judgment, verdict, and
finding of any jury or part thereof involves the imprisonment of the de-
fendant, it shall be the duty of said recorder or other officer having juris-
diction, to forthwith order such defendant into the custody of the city con-
stable, and to issue a mittimus or commitment committing such defendant
to the common jail of said county, and such defendant shall, from the
making of such order or the issual of such commitment, remain in safe
custody, unless discharged by the taking and effecting an appeal as here-
inbefore provided, or until discharged by due course of law.

Sec. 25. Upon the filing of any charge or misdemeanor by the city
attorney against any person or persons as provided in this act, it shall be
the duty of the recorder or other officer, having jurisdiction, to issue his war-
rant, reciting such charge directed to the city constable, and commanding
him forthwith to apprehend such person or persons, and bring him or them
before such officer having jurisdiction, to be further dealt with according
to law, and such city constable shall execute such warrant in any part of
Ray county.

Sec. 26. In all cases of misdemeanor committed, or charged to be
committed, within the city limits, the accused shall be entitled to a sum-
mary trial by jury before the recorder or other officer having jurisdiction.

Sec. 27. The constable or any other officer shall have power to arrest
any offenders against the laws or ordinances of the city of Richmond, and
bring him or them before the proper officers without a warrant.

Sec. 28. All persons charged with misdemeanors shall be entitled to
six peremptory challenges, and the city attorney or other officers shall be
entitled to three, and the jury shall consist of six persons qualified under
the laws of the state of Missouri to serve as jurors.

Sec. 29. Richmond College and the lands thereto belonging, the fair
grounds and the land thereto belonging, all schools and academies and
institutions of learning, male and female, churches and all other public
property shall be exempt from the provisions of this act, in relation to
taxes, streets, lanes and alleys, and avenues, so long as they remain and
are used for such purposes.

Sec. 30. Nothing in this act shall be so construed as to interfere with the
jurisdiction heretofore exercised by the grand jury and the circuit court
within and for Ray county, over crimes and misdemeanors within the
limits of the city, and the punishment thereof by indictment and trial
thereon in said circuit court.

Sec. 31. The said city council shall not have power to borrow money
on the credit of the city at any time at higher rate of interest than the then
legal and lawful rate of interest per annum.

Sec. 32. That Humphrey J. Comer, Joseph S. Hughes, Jacob Dar-
neal, Wilson R. Holman and Patrick Smith, be, and the same are hereby
appointed and authorized, immediately after receiving this charter from
the legislature, to lay off the city into seven wards, according to the pro-

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 413

visions of this act, and immediately thereafter to order an election, giving
ten days notice previous thereto, for all the officers provided herein to be
elected, who shall serve in their office respectively until the annual election
on the first Monday in April, A. D. 1858, and until their successors are
duly elected and qualified.

Sec. 33. The general assembly of the state of Missouri, may at any
time, alter, amend or repeal this charter.

Sec. 34. All acts and parts of acts contrary to, and inconsistent with
the provisions of this act, are hereby repealed.

Sec. 35. The secretary of the state of Missouri, shall, as soon as this
act is approved by the governor, transmit to Humphrey J. Comer, a copy
thereof, certified under the seal of Missouri.

This act shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage.

Approved November 9, 1857.

I, B. F. Massey, secretary of state, hereby certify the foregoing copy of
an act entitled: "An act to incorporate the city of Richmond," is a true
•copy of the original roll now on file in this office.

— * — v In Testimony Whereof, I have hereto set my name and
j ) affixed the seal of office. Done at the office of secretary of

I f state, in the city of Jefferson, the 29th day of December, A. D.

k-~> 1857.

B. F. Massey, Secretary of State.

REVISED ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF RICHMOND, MISSOURI.

AN ORDINANCE IN RELATION TO ASSESSMENT OF PROPERTY AND THE

LEVYING OF TAXES.

Be it or darned by the City Council of the City of Richmond, as follows:

Section 1. That for the support of the city government, there shall be
levied annually, a tax for general purposes, on all property, personal, real
and mixed, within the limits of said city, subject to taxation for state and
county purposes, not exceeding fifty cents on the one hundred dollars
assessed value thereof.

Sec. "1. The recorder shall on or before the first day of August of each
year, cause to be made out and delivered to the assessor, a well bound
book, suitably ruled, to contain a list of all taxable real estate in the
limits of the city, in which the assessor shall correctly describe every lot
or parcel of ground subject to taxation, placing opposite to such descrip-
tion the name of the owner if known, and if unknown, he shall so state in
an appropriate column.

Sec. 3. The city recorder shall also cause to be prepared in the assess-
or's book suitable columns for the assessment of personal property subject
to taxation. The names of owners shall be entered in alphabetical order.
Such personal assessment roll may be in the form of assessment roll for
state and county taxes.

Sec. 4. And to said assessment list the following oath shall be made,
or the same oath as is made to assessment list for state and county taxes:

affidavit.

State of Missouri, County of Ray.

I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that the foregoing list contains a

414: HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

true and correct statement of all the property made taxable by the laws of
the state of Missouri, including therein the number of horses, number of
neat cattle, number of sheep, number of hogs, number of asses and jennets,
number of mules, all other live stock, all farm machinery and implements,
household property, musical instruments, clocks, watches, chains and
appendages, sewing machines, gold and silver plate, jewelry, household
and kitchen furniture, money on hand, money deposited, notes unsecured
by mortgage or deed of trust, notes secured by mortgage or deed of trust,
all bonds, whether state, county, town, city, township, or of incorporated
or unincorporated companies, and all other property and its value, which
I owned on the 1st day of August, 18 — , or which I had under my charge
or management, or any money or property due me on said day from sol-
vent persons or companies on notes, accounts, or otherwise, as fully and
as specifically as I am required to make a return thereof, under the reve-
nue law of this state; and I do further solemnly swear (or affirm) that I
have not sent or taken, or caused to be sent or taken, any property, money
or bills, bonds or notes, or other securities or evidences of debt, out of this

state to avoid taxation. So help me God.

Subscribed and sworn to before me, this .... day of .... 18. ..

Sec. 5. If any person shall fail, neglect or refuse to return said list with
the blanks therein properly filled, and the certificate thereto properly
sworn to, within ten days, to the assessor, the assessor shall assess the
whole property belonging to, or in the charge of such person, at such
amount as he may deem just and proper.

Sec. 6. If anv person required to list his property shall do so falsely,
the assessor shall list the same anew, and assess it at double its cash
value. It shall also be the duty of the assessor to list and assess all
personal property he may find in said city, when the owner thereof is
unknown.

Sec. 7. If at any time it shall be ascertained by the assessor, that any
property, either real, personal or mixed, has escaped assessment or taxa-
tion for one or two years past, he shall assess the same for such years,
noting the amount due for each year.

Sec. 8. No tax shall be assessed or imposed upon the following prop-
erty: Churches, chapels and other buildings used for religious worship,
and land upon which they are situated, and used in connection therewith,
real estate and personal property belonging to any incorporated agricul-
tural society so long as the same shall be used for the purpose of such
society and none other; cemeteries and grave-yards set apart and used for
that purpose, all orphan asylums for the relief of sick and needy, with
their furniture and equipments, and so much of the land upon which they
are situated as may be exclusively used for that purpose; all libraries and
their furniture and equipment belonging to any library association or society.

Sec. 9. The asssessor shall return this assessment list to the city coun-
cil on or before the first regular meeting of such council in the month of
November of each year, verified by his affidavit thereto, that he has made
diligent effort to discover all the taxable property within the city limits on
the 1st day of August, and that so far as he has been able to ascertain, it
is correctly set forth in the foregoing lists, in the manner and of the value
therein stated, according to law.

HISTORY OF RAV COUNTY. 415

Sec. 10. As soon as may be after the return of the assessment rolls,
the city council shall appoint a day for hearing objections thereto, and
shall cause to be published in some newspaper, printed in said city, the
following notice:

Mayor's Office, Richmond, Missouri, .... 18. ..

Public notice is hereby given, that the assessment roll of taxable real and
personal estate in the city of Richmond, for the year IS — , has been com-
pleted and returned to the city council by the assessor. All persons feel-
ing themselves aggrieved by the assessment of their property, are hereby
notified to rile their objections in the office of the city recorder, on or

before the day of 18 . . .

Mayor.

Sec. 11. All complaints concerning assessments shall be inquired into
and determined in a summary Imanner, correcting any errors that may
appear, and increasing or diminishing assessments, as the council, sitting
as a court of appeals and board of equalization, may deem just and
equitable.

Sec. 12. When said roll has been revised and corrected as provided for
in the last preceding section, an order shall be entered of record by the
council, declaring the same affirmed, and ordering the recorder to file the
same in his office.

Sec. 13. The city council, immediately after such confirmation, shall
proceed to lew such tax as may be deemed necessary for all purposes
mentioned in the charter aud ordinances of the city, provided that the sum
so levied shall in no case exceed the per centum specified in the constitu-
tion of the state of Missouri.

Sec. 14. The city recorder shall, within twenty days after the confir-
mation of said assessment roll, make or cause to be made, and deliver to
the city collector a full and complete copy of such assessment roll, the
different taxes extended thereon, with a warrant thereto attached, which
may be in the following form:

WARRANT.

State of Missouri, County of Ray, ss.

Whereas, The city council of the city of Richmond did, on the . . . .day

of , A. D., 18. ., levy and assess upon the assessed value ior the year

18,. . , of the real and personal estate herein before described, the several
sums set opposite thereto in the appropriate columns respectively, [here

insert the particular taxes levied] for the municipal year ending

Now, therefore, you are commanded to make, levy, and collect the said
several sums of money set opposite the real and personal estate hereinbe-
fore described, as taxes thereon for the year aforesaid, of the goods and
chattels of the respective owners of said real and personal estate, and
hereof make due return in what manner you shall execute this warrant on
or before the .... day of .... next after this date.

Mayor of the city of Richmond, Missouri.

Attest : , Recorder.

Sec 15. The recorder, at the time of delivering said assessment book,
shall take the receipt of the collector thereof, and charge him with the
amount thereof.

416 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

Sec. 16. All ordinances or parts of ordinances in conflict with the
provisions of this ordinance are hereby repealed.

Sec. 17. This ordinance to take effect from and after its publication.

Approved November 1, 1878. Geo. I. Wasson, Mayor.

W. C. Patton, Clerk.

AN ORDINANCE IN RELATION TO CITY ATTORNEY.

Be it ordained by the City Council of the City of Richmond, as follows :

Section 1. On Tuesda v, after the first Monday in April, in each year,
there shall be elected a city attorney, who shall hold his office for the
period of one year, and until his successor shall be elected and qualified,
and shall take and subscribe an oath, before entering upon the discharge
of the duties of his office, to support the constitution of the United States
and the state of Missouri, to faithfully demean himself in his office.

Sec, 2. It shall be the duty of the city attorney to act as the legal
counselor for the city, in all cases, and prosecute before the recorder, or a
justice of the peace, all the actions on behalf of the city, and to defend all
actions brought against the city.

Sec. 3. It shall be a misdemeanor in the city attorney to take a fee in
any case against the city.

Sec. 4. He shall be entitled to a fee of two dollars and fifty cents for
each case of conviction before the recorder or other officer having juris-
diction for any violation of the city ordinance.

Sec. 5. If, in any case, the city attorney shall be interested, the mayor
shall appoint one to act in his place.

Sec. 6. In case of the death, or resignation, or removal from office,
the mayor shall have power to appoint a city attorney for the residue of
the term.

Approved August 21, 1867.

AN ORDINANCE IN RELATION TO THE CITY MARSHAL — HIS DUTIES AND

HIS SALARIES.

Be it ordained by the City Council of the City of Richmond, as follows :

Section 1. t)n Tuesday, after the first Monday in April, in each year,
there shall be elected a city constable, who shall hold his office for one
3^ear, and until his successor is duly elected and qualified.

Sec. 2. He shall give bond to the mayor, councilmen, and citizens of
Richmond, in such sum as the city council may require, with good security,
conditioned for the faithful performance of his official duties, and shall
execute all process to him directed, and perform such other duties as may
be required of him by the council, and the ordinances of the city of Rich-
mond.

Sec. 3. That in addition to the duties of the city marshal prescribed in
the city charter, the following duties are also imposed: It shall be the
duty of the city marshal to cause to be removed from the streets, alleys,
avenues, market place and public square of the city, and from any other
part of the city, all offensive substance and nuisances, which in his opinion
may have a tendency to endanger the health of the inhabitants of said city.
2d, The city marshal shall take all necessary measures to ascertain all
nuisances which may exist, and shall attend particularly to the cleanliness
of the city. 3d, If a nuisance of any description whatever be found upon
the lot, or ground, possession, or in the building of any person or persons,

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 417

the city marshal shall give notice to the occupant, or owner of the prem-
ises, to cause such nuisances to be corrected or removed within the time
specified in said notice, which shall not be more than twenty-four hours;
and should such occupant or owner of the property fail or refuse to cor-
rect or remove such nuisance in the time prescribed, the city marshal shall
have the same corrected or removed at the expense of the city. 4th, For
every failure, refusal or neglect by any occupant or owner of any prem-
ises, to remedy or remove an}' nuisance existing thereon, when notified
thereof as above directed, by the city marshal, such occupant or owner
shall forfeit and pay to the city the sum of not less than one nor more
than one hundred dollars, as well as all expenses incurred in removing
such nuisance, to be recovered by said city as other fines, penalties or for-
feitures. 5th, The city marshal shall at the end of each month render to
the city council of said city an account of all expenses for cleaning the
city, and all such expenditures as he may have made on behalf of said city.
6th, The city marshal shall patrol the city, and endeavor as far as in his
power to prevent all violations of the ordinances of the city, or of the law
of the land. He shall give information to the recorder of all vagrants and
disorderly or suspicious persons, lurking about the city without any visi-
ble means of support. 7th, That for each failure or refusal to discharge
the several duties enjoined upon him by the charter and ordinances, said
marshal shall, upon conviction, forfeit and pay said city not less than one
nor more than twenty dollars, to be used for and recovered as other for-
feitures.

Sec. 4. It shall be the duty of the city marshal to collect and pay over
all fines and forfeitures, jailor's fees adjudged to be paid by the recorder
of the city of Richmond, immediately after the same shall be collected, to
the city treasurer, and also to collect and pay said recorder, city attor-
ney, witnesses and jurymen, their fees whenever called on after the
same have been collected. Any failure to comply with this provision
shall be, and the same is hereby declared to be a misdemeanor ; and for
each offense he shall be fined not less than five nor more than one hun-
dred dollars, to be recovered as other fines and forfeitures.

Sec. 5. The city marshal shall hereafter be subject to removal from
office for incompetency or neglect of his official duty, by a majority vote
of the city council of said city, and in case of such removal, the
vacancy shall be filled as is now provided by the laws and ordinances
of said city.

Sec 6. The salary of the city marshal shall be in addition to the com-
missions and costs now allowed him by the laws and ordinances of said
city, four hundred dollars per annum, payable quarterly, in full payment
for his services for himself and deputies.

Sec 7. All ordinances and parts of ordinances, inconsistent with this
ordinance are hereby repealed.

Sec 8. This ordinance to take effect and be in force from and after
its passage.

Approved November 19th, 1878. Geo. I. Wasson,

Attest: W. C. Patton, Clerk. Mayor.

418 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

AN ORDINANCE IN RELATION TO THE COLLECTION OF THE CITY REVENUE.

Be it ordained by the City Council of the City of Richmond, as follows :

Section 1. For the support of the city government, and improvement
of the city, the city council shall have the power to levy and collect taxes
not exceeding one-half of one per centum upon the assessed value of all
property in the city, made taxable by law for state and county purposes,
the amount to be determined by the city council in every instance.

Sec. 2. It shall be the duty of the city marshal, as an officio collector
of the revenue, to collect all the taxes placed in his hands for collection,
to collect all licenses from merchants, dramshop-keepers, and all other
persons requiring a license, and to pay to the treasurer all money collected
by him on the account of the city, on the first Wednesday in each month,
taking duplicate receipts therefor, one of which shall be filed by the col-
lector with the city recorder, the other to be retained by himself.

Sec. 3. If any person shall fail to pay any taxes levied upon his or her
property, the city collector may enforce payment, and for that purpose
such collector shall have power to seize and sell the goods and chattels of
the person so failing to pay such tax in the manner that goods and chattels
are, or may be seized and sold under execution issued on judgments at law,
and no property shall be exempt from seizure or sale for taxes; provided,
that no seizure or sale for taxes shall be made until the collector has
demanded payment of them either by personal application to the party
liable to pay the same, or by leaving a written notice at his place of abode
with some member of his family over the age of fifteen years, nor for ten
days after such demand; nor shall the collector receive a credit for delin-
quent taxes until he shall have made affidavit that he has been unable to
find any personal property out of which to make the taxes in each case to
returned delinquent; provided further, that whenever taxes shall be col-
lected by seizure or sale of goods and chattels, the collector shall have
power to levy and collect, additional to the tax and interest thereon,
the necessary cost of the proceeding; and -provided further, that if any
person charged with taxes is about to remove from the city without pay-
ing the same, the collector may seize and sell goods and personal property
of such person without having made the ten days demand; and provided
further, that if taxes are due by a non-resident, demand for taxes due by
such may be made of the agent or attorney of such non-resident.

Sec. 4. On the first Wednesday of April in each year, if the collector
shall be unable to collect any taxes specified on the tax book, having dili-
gently endeavored and used all lawful means to collect the same, he shall
make two lists thereof, one to be called the personal delinquent list, on
which shall be stated the names of all persons owing taxes on personal
property whose taxes cannot be collected, alphabetically arranged with
the amount due from each; and the other to be called the land delinquent
list, on which shall be stated the names of all persons owing taxes on
lands and town lots, where taxes cannot be collected, with the full descrip-
tion of said lands and lots, and the amount of taxes due thereon set oppo-
site each tract of land and town lot, which amount of delinquent taxes is
to be placed to the credit of the collector.

Sec. 5. The collector of the revenue shall, on or before the first day of
May, annually, return to the county collector, a list of lands and lots on

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 419

which the taxes or special assessments levied by the city, remain due and
unpaid, as provided in sections 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, of the revenue law
in the state of Missouri, of act approved March 30, 1872, and section 14
of the revenue law for the state of Missouri, of act approved April 28,
1877.

Sec. 6. The personal delinquent list allowed to the collector, shall be
delivered back to the collector or his successor in office, who shall collect
the same and account therefor as other moneys collected, the amount of
which shall be charged against the city collector by the city recorder.

Sec. 7. All ordinances and parts of ordinances inconsistent with this
ordinance are hereby repealed.

Sec. 8. This ordinance to take effect and be in force from and after its
passage.

Approved November 17, 1878. Geo. I. Wasson, Mayor.

Attest: W. C. Patton, Recorder.

AN ORDINANCE IN RELATION TO MERCHANTS' TAX.

Be it ordained by the City Council of the City of Richmond, as follows :

Section 1. It shall be the duty of all merchants dealing as such, to
furnish the city assessor, on the first day of August in each year, a full
and complete statement of goods, wares and merchandise then on hand
and kept by them for sale.

Sec. 2. Upon all such goods, wares and merchandise, there shall be
levied an ad valorem tax equal to the tax levied upon personal and real
property.

Sec. 3. The provisions of this ordinance shall not be applicable to
dramshop dealers.

Approved November 19, 1878. Geo. I. Wasson, Mayor.

W. C. Patton, Clerk.

AN ORDINANCE IN RELATION TO NUISANCES.

Be it ordained by the City Council of the City of Richmond, as follows :

Section 1. No person shall throw into any highway, thoroughfare or
other public place, within the city, any animal or vegetable substance
whatsoever, likely to create a nuisance.

Sec. 2. The owner or possessor of any dumb animal, which may die
within the city, shall, within twenty-four hours thereafter, cause the same
to be removed beyond the limits of the city.

Sec. 3. The owner or occupant of any livery or other stable, within
the city, shall keep his stable clean, and shall not permit more than two
cart loads of manure to accumulate and remain in or near the same, at
any time between the first day of May and the first day of November.

Sec. 4. No person shall deposit any dead animal, or excrement, or
filth from privies, upon any ground in the city.

Sec. 5. Whoever shall violate any of the provisions of this ordinance
shall be subject to a fine not less than one nor more than ninety dollars for
each and every violation, and five dollars in addition for each and every
day such violation shall be suffered or continued.

Approved August 21, 1867.

420 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

Be it ordained by the City Council of the City of Richmond, as follows :

Section 1. That every hog pen, slaughter house, privy, mud hole,
stable or other places in the limits of the said city of Richmond, in a
stinking or unhealthful condition, or in a condition calculated to endanger
the health, or interfere with the comfort of the citizens of said city, is
hereby declared to be a public nuisance, and any owner or possessor
thereof, or any person who shall be the cause of either of the aforesaid
nuisances, shall forfeit and pay to the city of Richmond, a sum not less
than one or more than ninety dollars, and also five dollars for each day
such nuisance is allowed to remain after notice to the party causing or
permitting the same, as hereinafter provided.

Sec. 2. All notices required to be given under this ordinance shall
be given by the city marshal, and shall require the party violating the
same to correct, remove, or abate all such nuisances in twenty-four hours.

Sec. 3. If any nuisance is not corrected, abated, or removed in twenty-
four hours after such notice, the city marshal shall correct, remove, or
abate the same at the cost of the city, and the persons creating or per-
mitting such nuisance shall, in addition to other fines and forfeitures, for-
feit and pay all costs incurred by the city, to be recovered bv the city as
other fines and forfeitures.

Sec. 4. This ordinance shall take effect, and be in force from and after
its passage.

Approved November 19, 1878. Geo. I. Wasson,

Attest: W. C. Patton, Clerk. Mayor.

Be it ordained by the City Council of the City of Richmond, as follows:

Section. 1. When any building or property is declared a nuisance by
the city council of the city of Richmond, and a notice of the fact thereof
is given to the owner, occupant, or agent thereof, it shall be the duty of
such owner, occupant, or agent to remove the same within five days from
the time said notice is given.

Sec. 2. And if any owner, occupant, or agent of such property shall fail
to comply with the provisions of the preceding section of this ordinance, it
shall be the duty of the street commissioner to remove said property at
the cost of such owner, occupant, or agent, and he shall make out and cer-
tify to the bills against said owners, occupants, or agents, chargeable with
the costs of such work, and deliver the same to the city collector, and
take his receipt therefor.

Sec. 3. And the city collector shall present said bills for payment to
the persons charged, or their agent, within five days after receiving the
same; and if the said bills be not paid within ten days after demand
is made by the collector, as provided in the next preceding section, the
collector shall deliver the same to the city attorney, who shall com-
mence suit thereon before the city recorder, or other officer having juris-
diction. .

Sec. 4. This ordinance shall take effect and be in force from and after
its passage.

Approved April 15, 1870. James W. Black,

Attest: Willis Warinner, Clerk. Mayor.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 421

AN ORDINANCE IN RELATION TO STREETS, SIDEWALKS, ETC.

Be it ordained by the City Council of the City of Richmond, as follows :

Section 1. Whenever the city council shall direct, by an order
entered on the city journal, sidewalks to be made on any street in the city,
it shall be the duty of the street commissioner to give notice to the owners
and occupants of property fronting on such street, to set, curb, and pave
such sidewalks, and it is hereby made the duty of such owners to construct
such sidewalks and pavements at their own expense, within such time as
may be directed by the city council.

Sec. 2. If any owner of such property fronting on any street where
pavements or sidewalks are required to be made, fail to curb and pave
the sidewalk, as directed by the street commissioner, and within the time
prescribed by the city council, then it shall be the duty of the street com-
missioner to perform said work at the cost of said owner or owners, and
in all cases where he has performed the work, he shall make out and
certify to the bills against each person chargeable with the cost of said
work, and deliver the same to the city collector, and take his receipt there-
for, and the city collector shall present said bills for payment to the person
or persons charged, or to their agent, within five days after receiving the
same.

Sec. 3. If the said bills be not paid within ten days after demand is
made by the collector, as provided in the next preceding section, the
collector shall deliver the same to the city attorney, who shall com-
mence suit thereon, before the city recorder, or other officer having juris-
diction.

Sec. 4. If any person obstruct any sidewalk, he shall be fined in a
sum not less than one, nor more than five dollars, to be recovered as other
fines are before the city recorder.

Approved August 21, 1867.

AN ORDINANCE IN RELATION TO THE FISCAL YEAR.

Be it ordained by the City Council of the City of Richmond, as follows:

Section 1. That the fiscal year of said city shall terminate on the
first Monday in April of each year.
Approved, August 21, 1867.

AN ORDINANCE IN RELATION TO WARDS.

Be it ordained by the City Council of the City of Richmond, as follows:

Section 1. All that part of the city which lies east of the Knoxville
street, and north of the street running east and west immediately north
of the public square, shall be designated and known as ward No. 1.

Sec. 2. All that part of the city which lies north of the public^quare,
and west of Knoxville street, and east of the street running north and
south immediately west of the public square, shall be known and desig-
nated as ward No. 2.

Sec. 3. All that part of the city which lies north of Main street and
west of the street running north and south immediately west of the court
house, shall be known and designated as ward No. 3.

Sec. 4. That part of the city which lies south of Main street and
west of the street running north and south immediately west of the pub-

422 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

lie square to the college ground, thence west to Camden street, thence
with said street south to the boundary line, shall be known and designated
as ward No. 4.

Sec 5. All that part of said city which lies south of Main street and
east of ward No. 4, and west of the second street, immediately east of
the public square, running north and south, shall be known and desig-
nated as ward No. 5.

Sec. 6. All that portion of the city lying east of the second street
east of the public square, known and designated as Shaw street, and
extending upon the north to north Main street, and upon the east and
south to the city limits, shall be known and designated as ward No. 6.

Approved August 21, 1867.

AN ORDINANCE IN RELATION TO WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.

Be it ordained by the City Council of the City of Richmond, as follows :

Section 1. Every person who shall offer for sale any live stock, pro-
duce, forage or other articles usually sold by weight, if required by pur-
chaser, shall cause the same to be weighed on the city scales, or other
standard scales, and if such person shall fail or refuse to have such arti-
cles so weighed, when required so to do, he shall upon conviction thereof,
be adjudged guilty of a misdemeanor, and punished by a fine not exceed-
ing five nor less than one dollar.

Sec 2. The lawful weights and measures in this city shall be the
same as those prescribed by the general statutes of the state of Missouri.
Approved August 21, 1867.

an ordinance in relation to the extinguishment of fires, and
the prevention thereof, and in relation to chimneys, and the
repairing of flues.

Be it ordained by the City Council of the City of Richmond, as follows:

Section 1. No person owning or occupying any dwelling or business
house within the limits of the city of Richmond, shall store or keep any
combustible material in such house in such manner as likely to catch
on fire.

Sec 2. If any person so having any such combustible material, fail
for five days to remove the same after ordered by the city council, the
same shall be removed by the city marshal, at the expense of such person
so owning or occupying such premises.

Sec 3. It shall be the duty of the city council to order the same
to be removed upon the complaint of any one, when they believe it to be
necessary.

Sec 4. All persons owning any dwelling house or business house
within the limits of said city, the chimneys or stove flues of which need
repairing, shall repair the same within five days after being ordered so to
do by the city council.

Sec 5. The provisions of this ordinance shall not be so construed as
to prevent any person from keeping any hay in their stables or barns
within said city.

Sec 6. This ordinance shall take effect and be in force from and after
its passage.

Approved August 19, 1878. Geo. I. Wasson, Mayor.

W. C. Patton, Clerk.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 423

AN ORDINANCE GRANTING RIGHT OF WAY TO ST. LOUIS & ST. JOSEPH

RAILROAD, ETC.

Be it ordained by the City Council of the City of Richmond, as follows :
Section 1. The right of way is hereby granted to the St. Louis and
St. Joseph railroad company, southern division, along, across and over
any of the streets, lanes, avenues or alleys of the city of Richmond, and
any of the commons belonging to said city of Richmond, for the purpose
of constructing, maintaining and operating a railroad for public use in the
conveyance of persons and property.

This ordinance to take effect and be in force from and after its pas-
sage.

Approved, August 21st, 1868. D. Whitmer, Mayor.

Attest: D. Snowden, Clerk.

AN ORDINANCE IN RELATION TO THE REMOVAL OF CITY OFFICERS.

Be it ordained by the City Council of the City of Richmond, as follows :
Section 1. Any city officer may be removed from office for any mis-
demeanor, or failure to faithfully discharge the duties of his office, by a
two thirds vote of the city council, at any regular, special or adjourned
meeting.

Sec. 2. At least five days notice shall be given the party sought to be
removed, and a copy of the charges and specifications furnished him
before the day of trial.

This ordinance to take effect and be in force from and after its passage.
Approved, November 29, 1869. Willis Warinner, Clerk.

AN ORDINANCE IN TO RELATION TO CONTAGIOUS DISEASES.

Be it ordained by the City Council of the City of Richmond, as follows :

Section 1. When necessary the mayor, with the advice and consent
of the city council, may constitute and appoint a board of health, to con-
sist of three persons.

Sec. 2. Said board shall exercise a general supervision over the health
of the city, with the full power to use all proper and suitable means to
prevent the introduction into the city, of any malignant or contagious dis-
eases, or the spreading of the same, or to remove or otherwise dispose of
any person attacked by any such disease, and to adopt in reference to
such person, any regulations or measures deemed advisable.

Sec. 3. The board of health may employ servants, or assistants and
establish temporary hospitals, and provide the necessary furniture, medi-
cine, medical attendance and nurses therefor, whenever, in the opinion of
said board the health of the city shall require it.

Sec. 4. It shall be the duty of every physician in the city to report to
the board of health, or one of them, every case of small pox, or other
contagious disease which shall come within his knowledge, within the
city limits or its vicinity, within three hours after he shall have knowl-
edge of the same, together with the name and residence of the person
diseased.

Sec. 5. If any person shall leave his or her place of abode and go
about the city within sixteen days, or knowingly or willfully expose

424 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

others, after he or she has been exposed to the small pox, shall forfeit and
pay to the city not less than five, nor more than one hundred dollars, or
may be imprisoned not exceeding three months.

This ordinance to take effect and be in force from and after its pas-
sage.

Approved, November 19, 1878. George i. Wasson, Mayor.

Attest: W. C. Patton, Clerk.

AN ORDINANCE IN RELATION TO ELECTIONS.

Be it ordained by the City Council of the City of Richmond, as follows:

Section 1. That the general election for all the city officers of the
city of Richmond, shall be held on the first Tuesday after the first Mon-
day in April, in each year.

Sec. 2. The clerk shall give ten days notice of such election by adver-
tising in some newspaper published in the city, if there be one, otherwise
by ten printed handbills, posted up in the city.

Sec. 3. The city recorder, at least five days before the election, shall
make out and furnish the judges of election poll books, together with a
copy of the appointment of such judges and clerks in writing.

Sec. 4. Judges and clerks of election shall take the same oaths, and
be governed by the same laws, as far as applicable, as are prescribed by
the statute laws of Missouri on the subject -of elections.

Sec. 5. Whenever a vacancy shall occur in the city council, by res-
ignation or otherwise, it shall be the duty of the mayor, by proclamation,
to order an election to be held to fill the same; ten days notice, fixing the
time and place of holding such an election, shall be given by the mavor,
and such election shall be held, in all respects, as other city elections are.

Sec. 6. Whenever any vacancy shall occur in the office of city marshal
or city recorder, by resignation or otherwise, it shall be the duty of the
mayor, with the approval of the city council, to fill said vacancy by the
appointment of a city marshal or recorder for the residue of the term
until the next general election of city officers.

Sec. 7. No officer of the city, nor any candidate for any city office,
shall be appointed to serve as a judge or clerk of any city election.

Sec. 8. The judges and clerks of election shall each receive two
dollars and fifty cents per day for each day they may act as such, and
no person shall act at the same time as both judge and clerk of election.

Sec. 9. Such election shall be conducted in the same manner in all
respects as provided by the statutes of the state of Missouri, in regard
to general elections, when not inconsistent with the provisions of this
ordinance.

Sec. 10. This ordinance to take effect .from and after its publication.

Approved, November 19, 1878. Geo. I. Wasson, Mayor.

Attest: W. C. Patton, Clerk.

AN ORDINANCE IN RELATION TO STREET COMMISSIONER.

Be it ordained by the City Council of the City of Richmond, as follows :

Section 1. It shall be the duty of the mayor, with the advice and
consent of the city council, at the first session of the city council after his
election, to appoint a street commissioner, who shall hold his office until
his successor is duly appointed and qualified.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 425

Sec. 2. It shall be the duty of the street commissioner to superintend
all the work upon the streets, lanes and alleys within the city, that shall
be ordered to be done, and shall report, from time to time, to the city
council, such improvement and repairs on the same as he may deem
needful.

Sec. 3. That the street commissioner for the city of Richmond, afore-
said, shall report to the city council at each and every regular meeting
thereof, the property purchased and the amount and character of the
work done, for the city of Richmond, not previously in like manner
reported, and shall in a written statement duly sworn to by the said street
commissioner, make a full exhibit of the property so purchased, and the
amount paid or agreed to be paid for each separate purchase, the name
of each person performing labor, the number of days employed, and
amount paid per day.

Sec. 4. All ordinances and parts of ordinances in conflict with this
ordinance are hereby repealed.

To take effect from and after its adoption.

Approved December 21, 1874. J. T. Quirk, Mayor.

Attest: A.J. Riffe, Clerk.

AN ORDINANCE IN RELATION TO SALARIES.

Be it ordained by the City Council of the City of Richmond, as follows :
Section 1. The several officers herein named shall receive the follow-
ing compensation for their services: city recorder, $150; city attorney,
$50; city treasurer, $50; city assessor* $50: street commissioner, $2 per
day while employed; mayor, $3 for attending each meeting of the city
council; councilmen, $2 each for each meeting; collector, 6 per centum
upon all taxes collected by him, and 3 per centum upon all licenses; the
city weigher 10 cents for each draught.

Approved, November 19, 1878. Geo. I. Wasson, Mayor.

Attest: W. C. Patton, Recorder.

AN ORDINANCE CONCERNING OFFENSES AFFECTING PUBLIC STREETS AND

THOROUGHFARES.

Be it ordained by the City Council of the City of Richmond, as follows :

Section 1. Any person who shall ride or drive any animal or beast of
burden in any highway, street, thoroughfare or other public place in said
city, faster than a moderate gate, or at a rate exceeding five miles per
hour, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor.

Sec. 2. Any person in said city, who shall ride or drive any animal or
beast of burden, or any vehicle, so as to come in collision with, or strike
any other thing or person, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor.

Sec. 3. Any person in said city, who shall leave any beast of burden
or animal standing in any public place, without being fastened or guarded,
so as to prevent such animal from running away, or shall leave in said city
any beast of burden or animal standing hitched out over night without
shelter, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor.

Sec 4. In all cases of persons driving vehicles meeting each other in
any street, alley, or thoroughfare in said city, each person so meeting,

426 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

shall turn off and go to the right side, so as to enable vehicles to pass each
other with system, and without danger; any person violating this section,
shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor.

Sec. 5. Any person who shall, in this city, lead, ride, drive or place
any horse, beast of burden or vehicle, on any paved or plank side-walk,
or foot-walk, otherwise than in going into, or out of premises, owned or
occupied by him, or his employers, shall be deemed guilty of a misde-
meanor.

Sec. 6. Any person who shall in this city, hitch or fasten any animal
to any pump, fence, ornamental or shade tree, lamp post, sign or awning
post, not belonging to him, or his employers, shall be deemed guilty of a
misdemeanor.

Sec. 7. Any person who shall, in any public thoroughfare or street in
said city, throw, shoot, or hurl any rock, stone, ball, shot, snow-ball or any
other thing or missile, from the hand, or by means of any other instrument
or device, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor.

Sec. 8. Whoever, in said city, owning or possessing property having
a cellar opening on any sidewalk, shall fail to provide a door or shutter
for such cellar, or who shall have such cellar door or shutter open when
not passing into or out of such cellar, or who shall not keep such cellar
door or shutter in good repair, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor.

Sec. 9. Any person who shall within the limits of this city, fire, shoot
off or discharge any cannon, musket, rifle, gun, pistol or any other kind of
fire arms, except in case of necessity, or in the performance of public or
lawful act of duty, except upon Christmas day and fourth of July, shall be
deemed guilty of a misdemeanor.

Sec. 10. Every person who shall be found guilty of a misdemeanor, as
designated in this ordinance, or who shall in any way violate any of the
provisions of this ordinance, shall be fined in any sum not less than one
dollar, nor more than ninety dollars and costs for every such offense.

Sec. 11. All ordinances and parts of ordinances in conflict with the
provisions of this ordinance, be, and the same are hereby repealed.

Sec. 12. This ordinance to be in force from and after its publication.

Approved November 19, 1878. Jno. T. Quirk, Mayor.

Attest: W. C. Patton, Clerk.

AN ORDINANCE IN RELATION TO THE EXHIBITION OF STUDS AND JACKS.

Be it ordained by the City Council of the City of Richmond, as follows :

Section 1. That hereafter no stallion, stud, jack or bull shall be shown
or exhibited within the limits of the city of Richmond, unless the same
be done in an inclosed private lot or pasture. And that any person or
persons violating the provisions of this ordinance, 'or permitting the same
to be done by any one having his or their stock in charge, shall be
adjudged guilty of a misdemeanor, and fined in a sum not less than twenty
dollars, to be recovered as other fines and forfeitures; and that the same
be recoverable whether the owner have knowledge of such exhibition by
the keeper or person in charge of such stock or not.
Approved August 21st, 1867.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 427

AN ORDINANCE IN RELATION TO OFFENSES AGAINST OFFICIAL AUTHORITY.

Be it ordained by the City Council of the City of Richmond, as follows:

Section 1. Whoever shall in this city falsely represent himself to be
an officer or policeman, of this city in any manner, or shall, without being
authorized by the city, exercise or attempt to exercise any of the
duties, functions or powers of a city officer or policeman shall be guilty of a
misdemeanor.

Sec. 2. Whosoever shall, in this city, hinder, obstruct, resist, or in
any wise interfere with any city officer, in the discharge of his official
duties, or attempt to prevent any such officer from arresting any person,
or attempt tc rescue from any officer any person in his custody, or aid or
advise any person in custody of any officer to break guard, escape or
attempt to escape, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor.

Sec. 3. Whoever shall persist or continue in doing any act, or thing
affecting the streets, public property, health or morals of said city, forbid-
den by the charter or laws and ordinances of said city, which it is the duty
of the mayor or city marshal to enforce after such person shall have been
notified or warned to desist from such unlawful act, shall be deemed guilty
of a misdemeanor.

Sec. 4. Whoever shall be found guilty of a misdemeanor as provided
herein, shall be punished by a fine not less than one dollar, nor more than
ninety dollars, and costs of suit for every such offense.

Sec. 5 . All ordinances and parts of ordinances in conflict with this or-
dinance are hereby repealed.

Sec. 6. This ordinance to take effect from and after its passage.

Approved December, 21st, 1874. J. T QUIRK, Mayor.

Attest: A. J. Riffe, Clerk.

AN ORDINANCE CONCERNING OFFENSES AFFECTING PUBLIC PEACE AND

QUIET.

Be it ordained by the City Council of the City of Richmond, as follows :

Section 1. That any three or more persons who shall in this city,
assemble together with an intent, or being assembled, shall mutually
agree to do an unlawful act, with force or violence against the property
of the city, or the person or property of another, or against the peace, or
to the terror of others, and shall make any movement or preparation
therefor, and every person present at said meeting or assembly, who shall
not endeavor to prevent the commission or perpetration of said unlawful
act, every person so offending, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor
and on conviction, shall be fined in any sum not exceeding ninety dollars,
nor less than one dollar for each and every such offense with costs.

Sec. 2. Every person who shall wilfully disturb the peace and quiet
of any street, alley, public or private place, market, church or other build-
ings, public or private, or any neighborhood, private family or person,
within the city or Richmond, by any loud and unusual noise, by any
means, instrument or device, by hallooing, bellowing, blowing, howling,
swearing, or by using profane, indecent or offensive language, or by
tumultuous, boisterous threatening or offensive language, or actions, or by
any other means or device whatsoever, shall be deemed guilty of a misde-

428 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

meanor, and shall, on conviction, be fined in any amount not less than one
nor more than ninety dollars and costs for each such offense.

Sec 3. Any person in said city, who shall suffer or permit in any
house, or upon any premises, owned, occupied or possessed by such per-
son, or over which such person has control, as agent or otherwise, any
act or acts the doing of which is declared a misdemeanor by the preced-
ing section, whereby any neighborhood, family or person is disturbed, in-
terrupted or annoyed, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall
be punishable as provided in said preceding section.

Sec 4. Any person who shall, in the the city of Richmond, challenge,
threaten, curse, abuse, assault, strike, beat, fight or wound in any manner,
any other person or persons, or who shall use profane, obscene, offensive,
abusive, indecent, violent, threatening or insulting language towards any
other person or persons, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and on
conviction, shall be fined in any amount not less than one, nor more than
ninety dollars and costs.

Sec 5. No person shall wear or carry about his or her person, any
pistol, dirk, bowie knife, revolver, slingshot, brass, lead or iron knuckles,
or any other deadly weapon except in such a manner that such weapon
can plainly and distinctly be seen by any person ; any violation of the provisions
of this section, shall be punished by a fine of not less than ten dollars nor
more than ninety dollars for every such offense, with costs.

Sec 6. Every person in said city, who shall wilfully give or make a
false alarm of fire shall be punished by a fine not less than twenty-five
dollars, nor more than ninety dollars, for every such offense.

Sec 7. Any person who shall, in this city, disquiet, disturb, or annoy any
congregation or assembly of people, met for religious worship, by making
a noise, or hy rude or indecent behavior, or by profane or offensive lan-
guage, within such place of worship, or so near the same as to disturb the
order or solemnity of such meeting, shall be deemed guilty of a misde-
meanor, and on conviction, shall be punished by a fine not exceeding
ninety dollars, for every such offense, with costs.

Sec. 8. Any person in this city, who shall disturb, disquiet, or annoy
any lawful assembly of people, by boisterous, rude, annoying or turbulent
language, actions or behavior, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor,
and on conviction shall be punished by a fine not exeeding ninety dollars,
and costs, for every such offense, and it shall be lawful for any person to
forcibly eject from any building, or place any person or persons violating
this or the preceding Section.

Sec 9. All ordinances in conflict with this, are hereby repealed.

Sec 10. This ordinance to take effect and be in force from and after
its publication.

Approved December 21, 1874. J. T. Quirk, Mayor.

Attest: A. J. Riffe, Clerk.

AN ORDINANCE CONCERNING OFFENSES AFFECTING PUBLIC AND PRIVATE

PROPERTY.

Be it ordained by the City Council of the City of Richmond, as follows :

Section 1. Whosoever in said city, shall wilfully deface, injure or
damage any public or private building, house or improvement, fence,

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 429

awning, lamp, lamp-post, sign, door, window-sash, window-glass, or any
other kind of property not his own, or shall wilfully cut, hack, injure,
bark or girdle any tree, shrub or vine, in any public or private ground or
place in said city, or shall wilfully injure any public cistern or property of
any fire company in said city, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor.

Sec. 2. Whosoever, in said city, shall throw or place upon the house,
ground, lot or premises of another (without authority so to do), any wood,
stone, dirt, trash, slop offal, rubbish, or any other impediment or obstruc-
tion, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor.

Sec. 3. Any person in said city who shall paste, post, tack,, glue, or
fasten in any manner any notice, hand-bill, advertisement, or placard, or
shall print, paint or mark any advertisement upon any building, wall,
fence, gate, door, or other improvement, without having first obtained
permission of the owner of such property so to do, shall be deemed guilty
of a misdemeanor, and the person or persons at whose instance such
notices or bills are posted or published may be dealt with the same as the
person or persons actually engaged in the matter, this ordinance being
intended to include either or all parties, at the option of the complainant;
-provided, no person or persons shall be prosecuted under this section,
except upon the complaint of the owner or person having control over
such property.

Sec. 4. Whosoever shall break into or open any public cistern in said
city, or draw any water therefrom, except upon proper authority, or in
case of fire, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor.

Sec. 5. Any prisoner while in the custody of the marshal or con-
fined in the city prison, who shall wilfully deface, injure or destroy any
portion of the city prison, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor.

Sec. 6. Every person found guilty of a misdemeanor under the pro-
visions of this ordinance shall be fined in any amount not less than one
nor more than ninety dollars, with costs of suit for every such offense.

Sec. 7. All ordinances in conflict with this are hereby repealed.

Sec. 8. This ordinance to be in force from and after its publication.

Approved November 21, 1878. Geo. I. Wasson,

Attest: W. C. Patton, Clerk. Mayor.

AN ORDINANCE CONCERNING OFFENSES AGAINST PUBLIC MORALS AND

DECENCY.

Be it ordained by the City Council of the City of Richmond, asfollozvs:

Section 1. Whoever, in this city, shall be found in a state of intoxica-
tion in any highway, thoroughfare or other public place, shall be deemed
guilty of a misdemeanor.

Sec. 2. Whosoever, in this city, shall appear in a public place in a
state of nudity, or in a dress not belonging to his or her sex, or in an inde-
cent or lewd dress, or shall make any indecent exposure of his or her per-
son, or be guilty of any indecent or lewd act or behavior, or shall exhibit,
sell or offer to sell any indecent or lewd book, picture, image or other
thing, or shall exhibit or perform any indecent, immoral or lewd play or
other representation ; or shall permit a stud horse or jack to try or serve
a mare in said city, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.

Sec. 3. Whosoever shall, in this city, on Sunday, play at billiards, ten

430 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

pins, ball, or other game or amusement shall be deemed guilty of a mis-
demeanor.

Sec. 4. Whoever shall, in this city, set up or keep any kind of a gam-
ing device, or thing at which any game or device shall be played for
money or property, or anything representing money or property, or shall
at any such device or game of chance, bet, win or lose any money or
property, or anything representing money or property, or shall suffer or
permit any such device at which any such game of chance is played, to
be set up or used in any tenement which he owns or has under his control,
shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and it shall be lawful for the
city recorder, on receiving satisfactory information of any such device or
thing being so set up or used, to issue his warrant to the city marshal,
commanding him to destroy the said gaming implements or devices.

Sec. 5. Whoever shall, within this city, keep or maintain, or be an
inmate of, or in any way connected with, or in any way contribute to the
support of any bawdy house, house of ill fame, or of assignation, or place
for the practice of fornication, or shall knowingly own or be proprietor of
any such house, or shall lease any house to any person which he may
know will be used for any such purpose, or, after being warned of such
improper use of any house leased by him, shall fail forthwith to dispose of
such tenants, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor.

Sec. 6. It shall be lawful for the city marshal, or any policeman of the
city, upon information being given of the keeping of a bawdy house,
house of ill fame, or of assignation, or for the practice of fornication, to
enter such house and arrest, without warrant, any and all persons found
therein, and commit them to the city prison (if bail is not given), and all
persons so arrested shall be tried as parties are tried for violating other
ordinances of the city.

Sec. 7. Such houses as are mentioned in sections six and seven of this
ordinance, are hereby declared to be public nuisances, and the marshal
or police of said city may remove and abate the same in a summary
manner.

Sec. 8. Whenever, in a trial before the recorder of said city, for the
violation of the provisions of this ordinance, it shall be material to prove
the purpose for which any house in this city is, or may be used or kept,
it shall be lawful for both the city and the accused to introduce evidence
touching the general character or reputation of such house.

Sec. 9. All able-bodied persons who shall be found loitering or ram-
bling about the city of Richmond, not having wherewith to maintain
themselves by some visible property, or who shall leave their wives and
children without the means of sustenance, all idle and dissolute persons;
all persons who shall go about begging in any part of said city, not hav-
ing any regular or lawful business; all keepers and exhibitors of gaming
devices, all gamblers and prostitutes, and persons who lead an idle,
immoral, and profligate course of life, shall be deemed vagrants, and
shall, upon conviction thereof, be fined in any amount not less than five
dollars, nor more than ninety dollars, with costs, and shall be committed
to labor for the use of the city, as other offenders who refuse to pay fines
imposed upon them, until such fines and costs be paid.

Sec. 10. In all trials for violating any of the sections of this ordinance
it shall be lawful for the city recorder to receive testimony touching the

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 431

general character and reputation of the accused, when offered by either
the city or the prisoner.

Sec. 11. Every person found guilty of a misdemeanor, as defined by
this ordinance, shall be fined (when not otherwise herein especially pro-
vided for), in any amount not less than one dollar, nor more than ninety
dollars for every such offense, with costs of suit.

Sec. 12. All ordinances, or parts of ordinances in conflict with the
provisions of this ordinance, are hereby repealed.

Sec. 13. This ordinance to take effect from and after its publication.

Approved December 21, 1874. J no. T. Quirk,

Attest: A. J. Riffe, Clerk. Mayor.

AN ORDINANCE TO REGULATE PROCEEDINGS IN THE CITY RECORDER'S

COURT.

Be it ordained by the City Council of the City of Richmond, as follows :

Section 1. The city recorder of said city shall have jurisdiction of all
suits and proceedings for the violation or breach of any ordinance or law
of said city.

Sec. 2. All proceedings for the recovery of any fine, penalty, or for-
feiture, for the violation of any ordinance of said city, may, (when not
otherwise provided), be instituted, by filing with said recorder a written
or printed statement of the offenses charged, signed by the informer, or
city attorney, and as nearly as practicable, may be in the following form,
viz :

" A. B., to the city of Richmond, debtor, for the sum of . . . dollars,
for a violation of the ordinance of the city of Richmond, entitled (here
insert title of ordinance), appYoved the day of .... , A. D. 18. ."

Or this:

"The said . on the day of . . . , A. D. 18 . . , in the said city

of Richmond, in the state of Missouri, did," &c, &c, (here insert charge).

Said form may be varied or changed, as the case may require; but no
suit shall be dismissed, or judgment reversed for any informality in the
statement filed in any suit, if such statement shall substantially set out the
offense committed, and notify the defendant of the charge he is required to
answer.

Sec. 3. Such statement may include one or more persons accused of
the same offense, and may include several offenses of a like nature. Upon
the filing of such statement, the recorder shall enter the title of the cause
upon his docket, and issue a summons or warrant, as the case may require,
to the city marshal.

Sec. 4. The summons may be substantially in the following form,
to- wit:

I "The state of Missouri, to the city marshal of the city ot Richmond,
greeting: You are hereby commanded to summons A. B., to appear before
the undersigned, city recorder, of the city of Richmond, on the .... day
of . . . ., A. D. 18 . ., at my office in said city, to answer the complaint of
the city of Richmond, for the violation of an ordinance, entitled, (here
insert title of ordinance), and have you then and there this writ. Given

under my hand, this .... day of , A. D. 18 . . . (Signed) C D . . . . ,

city recorder."

432 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

Said summons shall be made returnable upon any day fixed by the
recorder not more than thirty days from the time of issuing such sum-
mons, and shall be served in the same manner as summonses of justices'
courts, and served under the laws of the state of Missouri.

Sec 5. In all prosecutions for any violation of any city ordinance or
laws of said city, the first process shall be by summons, unless the com-
plaint be verified by the oath or affirmation of some person, in which case
a warrant shall be issued in the first place .

Sec. 6. Said warrant shall be, as near as may be, in the following
form, viz.:

"The state of Missouri ;o the city marshal of the city of Richmond,
greeting: These are to command you to arrest A. B., and bring him
forthwith before the undersigned, city recorder of the city of Richmond,
at my office in said city, to answer the complaint of the city of Richmond,
for the violation of an ordinance, entitled, (here insert title of ordinance),
and have you then and there this writ. Given under my hand, the ....
day of , A. D. 18 . . C D , City Recorder."

Such warrant shall be served by taking the defendant into custody, and
bringing him forthwith before the recorder, and unless admitted to bail,
said defendant shall remain in the custody of the city marshal, until dis-
charged by the due course of law.

Sec. 7. The city marshal shall endorse on the back of each summons
and warrant how the same has been executed, and return the same to the
recorder on the day mentioned therein for the return thereof.

Sec 8. The city marshal may, without process, arrest all persons that
may be found in said city in a state of intoxication ; all suspicious and dis-
orderly persons whom he knows to have been guilty of violating the ordi-
nances of said city, and take them before the recorder for examination and
trial, and such arrest may be made within or without the city. Should
any person so arrested be so much intoxicated as to render his or her trial
improper, or should the recorder not be found, or should it be in the night
time and inconvenient to try the party in custody, or should the arrest be
made on Sunday, the city marshal, in all such cases, shall confine such
person or persons in the city calaboose or county jail, there to remain, until
released by due course of law.

Sec 9. Every person arrested and held in custody, shall be entitled to
immediate trial, unless the trial be postponed for the causes enumerated in
the preceding section, or good cause be shown for a continuance, or the
trial be postponed from unavoidable circumstances.

Sec 10. The recorder shall not issue a summons or warrant for a
party who may be arrested by the city marshal or police of said city,
without warrant, for violating any citv ordinance, but the recorder shall
enter upon his docket the fact of the arrest, and when and by whom made.
The party so arrested may require the city attorney to file a statement as
provided by ordinance, setting forth the nature of the offense with which
the party in custody is charged, if such statement has not been filed, and
for this purpose the recorder shall allow a reasonable length of time. It
shall be the duty, however, of the city marshal and police to report forth-
with to the city attorney all parties arrested, so that the cases may be pre-
pared against them, if any there be.

Sec 11. Any person in the custody of the city marshal for the viola-

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 433

tion of a city ordinance, may be admitted to bail by executing a bond to
the city of Richmond, with one or more sureties, to be approved by the
city marshal, in any amount to be fixed by the marshal, not less than
fifty or more than ninety dollars, according to the offense charged, condi-
tioned, that he will appear upon a day in the bond named, before the city
recorder, and answer whatever charge may be made against him for
which he has been arrested, and not depart the court without leave. All
such bonds, after approved, shall be filed by the city marshal with the
recorder before the trial of the party bailed.

Sec. 12. If the defendant shall fail to appear according to the condition
of the bond, or appearing shall depart the court without leave, the recorder
shall, thereupon, enter up judgment against the principal and securities in
such bond for the penalty in the bond, and all costs, and shall issue execu-
tion thereon as in other cases.

Sec. 13. The recorder shall enter in his docket a memorandum of
every bond filed in his'office under the preceding section, noting the sub-
stance of each bond.

Sec 14. All parties in custody, either upon warrant or otherwise, who
cannot give satisfactory bail for their appearance, may be kept in the city
calaboose or county jail until they can be tried, and all parties brought up
for trial, where cause may be postponed or continued for any reason, who
cannot give satisfactory bail, shall be remanded to jail until trial, and
the recorder shall enter such order upon his docket, and give the city mar-
shal a copy of said order, which shall be sufficient authority for the deten-
tion of such person.

Sec 15. The recorder shall issue subpoenas for all witnesses desired
by either party, which shall bear date on the day they are issued and shall be
returnable on the day therein mentioned. Subpoenas shall be served by the
city marshal, by reading the same to the person or persons therein named,
and the marshal shall endorse thereon the manner of executing such sub-
poenas.

Sec 16. If any witness subpoenaed shall fail to appear as commanded
in such subpoena, the recorder may compel the attendance of such wit-
ness by attachment, and may fine any such witness for contempt of court,
in any sum not exceeding ten dollars and the costs of attachment.

Sec 17. Any witness who shall refuse to be sworn, or who shall
refuse to answer any question deemed proper by the court, and all persons
who shall conduct themselves in a disorderly or contemptuous manner, in
or toward the court, may be fined in any sum not exceeding ninety dol-
lars, or be imprisoned for a term not exceeding ten days, or may be pun-
ished by both such fine and imprisonment.

Sec 18. The recorder, upon the application of either party, and it
appearing to the satisfaction of the court, that the party so applying can-
not go safely to trial because of the absence of a material witness, or of
evidence material to the issue (when the party has used due diligence to
procure the same and failed), and that the same may be obtained in a rea-
sonable time, may grant a continuance, provided, that such continuance,
when asked by the city, shall not be longer than three days, when the
defendant is under arrest, and in all other cases not longer than twenty
days.

434 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

Sec. 19. All applications for a continuance shall be made out, and if
required by the court or opposite party, shall be made in writing.

Sec. 20. The deposition of a witness, when attendance cannot be pro-
cured because ot bodily infirmity, absence beyond the jurisdiction of the
court, or other sufficient cause, ma}' be taken and read in evidence in any
trial, if such witness is otherwise competent; such depositions to be taken
in conformity to the laws of the state of Missouri, in similar cases for jus-
tices' courts.

Sec. 21. In all cases before the recorder, in which the city of Rich-
mond is interested, all process and notices which it may be necessary for
the party opposed to the city to serve, shall be served on the city attorney.

Sec. 22. In any case in which the city of Richmond is plaintiff, if any
defendant shall have been duly summoned, and shall fail to appear, as
required by such summons, the recorder shall proceed to hear the testi-
mony as "to the nature of the offense, and shall render judgment by
default against such defendant, for the amount of the fine, forfeiture or pen-
alty he may impose in any case, together with the costs of the suit.

Sec. 23. A judgment by default may be set aside for good cause
shown, upon the application of the defendant against whom such judg-
ment is rendered, within ten days after the rendition of such judgment by
the defendant paying all costs up to that time.

Sec. 24. Whenever a judgment by default has been set aside, if exe-
cution has been issued, it shall be recalled, and the recorder may fix a
time to try the case anew, of which new trial the defendant shall give the
plaintiff reasonable notice.

Sec. 25. On the day set for the trial of any cause, if the defendant
appears by himself, or by attorney, and no jury be demanded, the
recorder shall proceed to hear the proof and give judgment according to
the law and testimony, and shall (except as hereinafter provided),
adjudge the party against whom judgment is given, to pay the costs.

Sec. 26. Either party may demand a jury, in which case the recorder
shall issue a venire to the city marshal, commanding him to summon six
good and lawful men to serve as jurors. All such jurors shall possess
the same qualifications as are required by the laws of the state of Mis-
souri for jurors in courts of record.

Sec. 27. The recorder may attach and punish for contempt, as in
cases of witnesses, any person who shall have been summoned as a juror,
and who shall fail or refuse to obey such summons.

Sec. 28. Upon the return of the venire, if a sufficient number of jurors
do not appear, or appear and are challenged or excused from serving, the
marshal shall immediately summon other persons under the same venire
until the panel of jurors is complete.

Sec. 29. The defendant shall be entitled to challenge six jurors per-
emptorily, and the plaintiff three, and either party may challenge any
number of jurors for the disqualifications enumerated in the laws of the
state of Missouri, concerning the qualifications of jurors, provided no per-
son shall be incompetent as a juror in any action or proceeding in which
the city of Richmond is a party in interest, by reason of his being an
inhabitant or freeholder in said city.

Sec. 30. Whenever the defendant shall file an affidavit that the mar-
shal is of kin to the prosecutor, or is so prejudiced against the defendant,

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 435

that justice may not be done in the selection of the jury, the recorder
shall issue the venire to some disinterested person, who shall take an
oath faithfully and impartially to discharge the duty. The person so
appointed shall perform the same duties and receive the same compensa-
tion in that case as the marshal receives for like services.

Sec. 31. Persons summoned to serve on a jury may be examined
under oath, touching their competencv to serve.

Sec. 32. Every juror shall be sworn or affirmed well and truly to try
the matter in issue between the parties, and a true verdict render accord-
ing to law and evidence. No exceptions shall be taken or allowed to
the summoning of a jury or to any juryman after the jury is empan-
neled and sworn.

Sec. 33. Parties jointly accused shall have the right to be tried sep-
arately.

Sec. 34. The verdict of the jury may be in the following form: —
" We, the jury, find the defendant guilty (or ' not guilty,' as the case may
be), of the offenses charged;" and when no specific sum as a fine, pen-
alt}-, or forfeiture is fixed by the ordinance, the jury shall, also, in their
verdict, assess the amount of money to be paid by the defendant, not
exceeding the maximum nor less than the minimum fine, penalty, or for-
feiture prescribed in the ordinance for the violation of which the defend-
ant is charged. Some member of such jury shall sign such verdict
as foreman.

Sec. .35. Upon the rendition of the verdict the recorder shall enter
the same upon his docket, and shall render and enter upon his docket
judgment in accordance with such verdict.

Sec. 36. The recorder shall be controlled in the admission of evi-
dence, the examination of witnesses, the competency of witnesses, and
in all questions relating to evidence, by the laws of the state of Missouri
in relation thereto.

Sec. 37. The informant in any case may be adjudged to pay the cost
of prosecution, when the defendant is acquitted, if it shall appear to the
court that the prosecution was instituted vexatiously, maliciously or with-
out probable cause.

Sec. 38. Upon the rendition of a judgment against the defendant, the
the recorder shall issue an execution therefor including the costs, and
when the informant is adjudged to pay the costs, execution therefor shall
issue against such informant.

Sec. 39. The form of the execution shall be as follows to-wit:
The State of Missouri to the City Marshal of the City of Richmond,

Greeting:

Whereas, The city of Richmond, on the day of , 18 . . ,

obtained a judgment before the undersigned recorder of the city of Rich-
mond, against . . . . , for a misdemeanor, in the sum of .... dollars,
together with costs in this behalf; twese are to command you that you
are to take the body of the said .... into custodv, and him safelv keep
in the jail of the city of Richmond, until the amount of said judgment
and all costs be paid by the said . . . ., or until he is otherwise discharged
by due course of law, and you are further commanded that during the
period of the imprisonment of said . . . ., that you require him, the said
. . . . , to labor on the streets or public works of the city of Richmond, as

436 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

prescribed by ordinance, and make return of this execution within sixty
day from the date thereof, and that you certify how you executed the
same.

Given under my hand this .... day of .... A. D. 18 . .

[Signed.] , City Recorder.

Sec. 40. The recorder shall enter upon his docket in addition to the
judgment in each case, an additional order for the imprisonment and sen-
tence to labor of the defendant, as specified in the foregoing execution.

Sec. 41. Every person committed to jail or custody, in default of the
payment of any fine, penalty or forfeiture for violating any ordinance in
the city of Richmond, shall be required to work during his or her time
of remaining in custody, upon the streets or public works of said city,
under the supervision of the city marshal, or police of said city, at such
place as the city marshal shall designate, and shall be allowed a credit
upon the execution against him or her of one dollar and fifty cents per
day for each day's work, when they work on the streets or public works
of said city; and when there is no work to be done on the streets or pub-
lic works of said city, they shall be required to beat rock upon the streets
at such place as the city marshal shall designate, and shall receive as
compensation therefor the sum of one dollar per cubic yard for each
cubic yard broken, and said amount shall be credited upon the execution
against them. Such persons shall be worked a sufficient length of time to
pay said fine and costs, and for all other expenses, for board or otherwise
incurred in his or her case; and in any case, any person so fined and sen-
tenced shall become refractory and refuse to work, in that event, such
person may be further punished by having a ball and chain placed upon
his or her leg, and shall be required to work upon the streets as afore-
said.

Sec. 42. The recorder may, in his discretion, issue a simple fieri
facias against the defendant in any case, instead of the execution herein
before recited, which said fieri facias and the proceedings thereon,
including levy and sale, shall be governed by the laws of the state of
Missouri regulating executions from justices' courts. In every instance
where such fieri faca is shall be returned unsatisfied in whole or in part,
however, the recorder shall forthwith issue the execution first herein-
above provided for.

Sec. 43. The recorder shall endorse on every execution issued by him
the amount of the judgment and all costs which may have accrued, and
the marshal shall add thereto all costs accruing subsequently in such suit,
and upon the return of an execution the recorder shall enter upon his
docket the return of the marshal, and the amount of costs that have
accrued in executing the writ.

Sec. 44. Executions shall be made returnable in sixty days from the
date thereof. If the marshal fail to make return thereof in said time, or
shall make a false return, he and his securities shall be liable for the
amount of such execution and costs. In such cases the recorder may
issue a scire facias against the marshal and his securities, and if, upon the
hearing thereof, the marshal has been delinquent as aforesaid, the recorder
shall enter up judgment against such marshal and his securities, in such
sum as the execution may have been issued for, upon which said marshal
was delinquent. In all such cases the recorder shall have power to

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 437

depute some competent person to execute all processes that may be
necessary.

Sec. 45. If any execution be not satisfied, it may, at the request of
the plaintiff, be renewed from time to time by the recorder issuing the
same, or the recorder to whom his docket is transferred by an endorse-
ment thereon to that effect, signed and dated when the same shall be
made. If any part of an execution has been satisfied, the endorsement
of renewal shall express the sum due on the execution. Every such
endorsement shall renew, the execution in full force in all respects for
the same space of time between its date and first return, and no longer,
and an entry of such renewal shall be made on the docket of the recorder.

Sec. 46. The city marshal shall have power to summon the posse com-
itatus within the city of Richmond to aid him in arresting any one vio-
lating the provisions of the charter or ordinances of said city, or any one
opposing or irppeding him in the performance of his duty enjoined on
him by charter or ordinances. Any person, so summoned, who shall fail
or refuse to attend and aid the city marshal as aforesaid, shall be deemed
guilty of a misdemeanor, and, on conviction, shall be fined in any sum not
less than five dollars, nor more than fifty dollars, with costs.

Sec 47. The recorder and marshal, in all matters pertaining to their
respective offices, concerning which there is no specific provisions made
by ordinance, shall be governed by the laws of the state of Missouri
regulating proceedings in justices' courts.

Sec. 48. All ordinances and parts of ordinances in conflict with this
ordinance, are hereby repealed.

Sec 49. This ordinance shall take effect and be in force from and after
its publication.

Approved, December 21, 1878. Geo. I. Wasson, Mayor.

Attest: W. C. Patton, Clerk.

AN ORDINANCE IN RELATION TO THE CITY MARSHAL — HIS DUTIES AND HIS

SALARIES.

Be it ordained by the City Council of the City of Richmond, as follows :

Section 1. On Tuesday after the first Monday in April in each year
there shall be elected a city constable, who shall hold his office for one
year, and until his successor is duly elected and qualified, the style of
whose office shall be city marshal.

Sec 2. He shall give bond in such sum as the city council may require,
with good security, conditioned for the faithful performance of his official
duties, and shall execute all process to him directed, and perform such
other duties as may be required of him by council.

Sec 3. That in addition to the duties of the city marshal prescribed
in the city charter, the following duties are also imposed: It shall be the
duty of the city marshal to cause to be removed from the streets, alleys,
avenues, market place and public square of the city, and from any other
part of the city, all offensive substances and nuisances which in his opinion
may have a tendency to endanger the health of the inhabitants of said
city. 2d, The city marshal shall take all necessary measures to ascer-
tain all nuisances which may exist, and shall attend particularly to the
cleanliness of the city. 3d, If a nuisance of anv description whatever

438 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

be found upon the lot, or ground, possession, or in the building of any
person or persons, the city marshal shall give notice to the occupant,
or owner of the premises, to cause such nuisance to be corrected or
removed within the time specified in said notice, which shall not be
more than twenty-four hours; and should such occupant or owner of the
property fail or refuse to correct or remove such nuisance in the time
prescribed, the city marshal shall have the same corrected or removed
at the expense of the city. 4th, For every failure, refusal or neglect
by any occupant or owner of any premises, to remedy or remove any
nuisance existing thereon, when notified thereof, as above directed,
by the city marshal, such occupant or owner shall forfeit and pay to the
city the sum of not less than one, nor more than one hundred dollars, as
well as all expenses incurred in removing such nuisance; to be recovered
by the city as other fines, penalties, or forfeitures. 5th, The city marshal
shall at the end of each month render to the city council of said city an
account of all expenses for cleaning the city, and all such expenditures as
he may have made on behalf of said city. 6th, The city marshal shall
patrol the city, and endeavor, as far as in his power to prevent all viola-
tions of the ordinances of the city, or the laws of the land. He shall
give information to the recorder of all vagrant, disorderly, or suspicious
persons, lurking about the cit}- without any visible means of support.
7th, That for each failure or refusal to discharge the several duties
enjoined upon him by the charter and ordinances, said marshal shall,
upon conviction, forfeit and pay said city not less than one, nor more than
twenty dollars, to be sued for and recovered as other forfeitures.

Sec. 4. It shall be the duty of the city marshal to collect and pay over
all fines and forfeitures, jailor's fees adjudged to be paid by the recorder
of the city of Richmond, immediately after the same shall be collected,
to the city treasurer, and also to collect and pay said recorder, city attor-
ney, witnesses and jurymen, their fees whenever called on after the same
has been collected. Any failure to comply with this provision shall be,
and the same is hereby declared to be a misdemeanor, and for each
offense he shall be fined not less than five dollars nor more than one hun-
dred dollars, to be recovered as other fines and forfeitures.

Sec. 5. The city marshal shall hereafter be subject to removal from
office for incompetency or neglect of his official duty, by a two-thirds' vote
of the city council of said city, and in case of such removal, the vacancy
shall be filled as is now provided by the laws and ordinances of said city.

Sec. 6. The salary of the city marshal shall be, in addition to the
commissions and costs now allowed him by the laws and ordinances of
said city, four hundred dollars per annum, payable quarterlv, in full pay-
ment for his services, for himself and deputies.

Sec. 7. That said city marshal shall make a settlement with the city
council at each and every regulary meeting thereof, and with the city
treasurer on the first secular day of each and every month, and that upon
said settlement with the city treasurer, he shall pay into the city treasury
all moneys then in his hands belonging to the city, and take triplicate
receipts therefor, one to be filed with the city recorder, one with his set-
tlement with the city council, to be received as a voucher on said settle-
ment, one to be retained by the marshal.

Sec. 8. That the city marshal shall not directly or indirectly receive

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 439

from any person or persons, firm, company or corporation whatever, any
warrant or warrants for a greater amount than the indebtedness of the city
to the party or parties offering said warrants, and shall upon each and
every settlement with the city council exhibit in a written statement, duly
sworn to by said city marshal, a full list of all warrants received as afore-
said, and not previously in like manner herein reported, the names of par-
ties from whom received, and the amounts received from each party.

Sec 9. All ordinances and parts of ordinances in conflict with the
provisions of this ordinance be, and the same are hereby repealed.

Sec 10. This ordinance to be in force from and after its publication.

Approved November 21, 1878. Geo. I. Wasson, Mayor.

W. C. Patton, Clerk.

AN ORDINANCE IN RELATION TO THE TIME OF CLOSING BUSINESS HOUSES
AND THE DUTIES OF THE CITY MARSHAL IN RESPECT THERETO.

Be it ordained by the City Council of the City of Richmond, as follows :

Section 1. That all business houses within the city of Richmond
shall be closed by the owners, proprietors, or tenants thereof, or the
agents of such owners, proprietors, or tenants having such business
houses under their charge, between the hours of 10 o'clock p. m. and 4
o'clock a. m., from the first day of April to the first day of October of
each year; and between the hours of 11 o'clock p. m. and 6 o'clock a. m.,
from the first day of October to the first day of April of each year.

Sec 2. It shall be the duty of the city marshal to see that the provis-
ions of the preceding section be enforced.

Sec 3. Any owner, proprietor, or tenant of any business house in
said city, or agent of such owner, proprietor, or tenant, having control of
such business house, who shall fail or neglect, or refuse to comply with
the requirements of the first section of this ordinance, shall be deemed
guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction, shall be fined in any sum not
exceeding ninety dollars, nor less than one dollar and costs.

Sec 4. This ordinance to take effect from and after its publication.

Approved December 21, 1874. John T. Quirk, Mayor.

Attest: A. J. Riffe, Clerk.

AN ORDINANCE IN RELATION TO RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES.

Be it ordained by the City Council of the City of Richmond, as follows :

Section 1. That it shall be the duty of the city council of the city of
Richmond, on or before the third Monday in April of each year, to cause
to be published in some newspaper published in said city, a full, complete
and detailed statement of all moneys received and expended by the said
city during the fiscal year next preceding such publication, and on what
account received and expended, classifying each receipt and expenditure
under its appropriate head.

Sec 2. This ordinance to take effect from and after its publication.

Aoproved November 21, 1878. Geo. I. Wasson, Mayor.

Attest: W. C. Patton, Clerk.

440 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

AN ORDINANCE IN RELATION TO LICENSES.

Be it ordained by the City Council of the City of Richmond, as follows :

Section 1. No person or company of persons shall exercise the busi-
ness, trade or vocation of an auctioneer, peddler, broker, or pawn-broker;
or shall any person or company of persons open or offer for exhibition,
any show or amusement of any kind, or keep for public use any ten pin,
or ball alley, nor offer lor sale any chance or ticket in any gift enterprise,
nor sell or give away any intoxicating or malt liquors, within the city of
Richmond, without first having obtained a license, and paid the tax in the
manner herein prescribed.

Sec. 2. All licenses shall be granted for the term of six months,
(except gift enterprises, shows, amusements, auctioneers and peddlers,
which shall be licensed as hereinafter provided,) and no longer, commenc-
ing with the first day of January in each year, and subject to renewal
every six months thereafter, except upon the first application of any per-
son or company of persons for a license required, such licenses shall be
granted from the time of application to the first day of January or July,
next succeeding, as the case may be, and the tax thereon shall be in pro-
portion to the tax for six months. Applications shall be made by each
person or company of persons wishing to exercise the business or voca-
tion for which a license is required, to the city recorder, who shall prepare
the same, and deliver them to the city collector, who shall receive and
collect the same.

Sec. 3. The following shall be the rate of license tax: Upon every
keeper of a ten pin or ball alley, the sum of forty dollars for every six
months; upon shows and amusements as follows: circuses or menageries,
for each dav exhibition, fifty dollars, and upon every side show traveling
with the same, five dollars; negro minstrel exhibitions, concerts, sleight of
hand performances, puppet shows, rope dancing and all other kinds of
amusements, the sum of five dollars for each exhibition; theatres or the-
atrical performance, five dollars for each performance or exhibition, or
fifty dollars per month; gift enterprises or any like business in which
prizes or gifts are distributed by chance, shall each pay the sum of fifty
dollars per month; every pawn broker shall pay fifty dollars for every six
months; every auctioneer shall pay one dollar and fifty cents per day, or
ten dollars for every six months, and when any person shall keep a regu-
lar auction room, the license shall be twenty-five dollars for every period
of six months; every peddler or person selling or offering to sell goods or
merchandise, of any description, in said city, without having a fixed and
permanent location therein, shall pay a license tax of two dollars and fifty
cents per day, or twenty-five dollars for every six months, if his business
be conducted on foot, and five dollars per day or fifty dollars for every six
months, if he uses a wagon or any vehicle to convey such goods around;
each broker or company of brokers, including produce and merchandise
brokers, and bill brokers, shall pay a license tax of twenty-five dollars for
every six months; every person who shall keep a dram shop or tippling
house, or who keeps for sale, or suffers to be drank upon his premises,
intoxicating or malt liquors in quantities less than one gallon, shall pay a
license tax of fifty dollars for every period of six months: Provided, how-
ever, that nothing contained in this ordinance shall be construed so as
to require druggists and apothecaries to take out a license to sell intox-

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 441

icating or malt liquors in quantities less than one gallon, for selling liquors
to fill prescriptions for the sick, made by any regular practicing physician.

Sec. 4. No license issued under the provisions of this ordinance, shall
be construed so as to authorize any person or persons to sell or give away
any intoxicating or malt liquors to any minor or habitual drunkard, and
any person or persons convicted of any such act, shall in addition to the
penalty otherwise provided by law, forfeit his or their license, which may
be so declared in the court where such conviction is had, and all licenses
are granted with this expressed provision.

Sec. 5. Application for license to keep a dram shop should be made
to the city council, by petition, and shall state where the dram shop shall
be kept.

Sec. 6. Every applicant for such license shall, at the time of his appli-
cation to the city council, deliver a statement in writing, verified by affida-
vit, of the amount of liquors received at his stand within six months next
preceding the date of such statement; on which amount there shall be
levied and collected an ad valorem tax for city purposes, of the same
amount as paid by merchants on merchandise.

Sec. 7. Before such license shall be granted, the council shall require
the person applving therefor to give bond, with sufficient security, to be
approved by the city council, in the sum of one thousand dollars, condi-
tioned that the person obtaining such license shall keep at all times an
orderly house, and that he will not sell, give away, or otherwise dispose
of, or suffer the same to be done about his premises, any intoxicating
liquors, in any quantity, to any minor, without the consent of the parent,,
guardian, or master of such minor.

Sec. 8. In no case shall the license be delivered to any dram-shop
keeper, until he shall produce the receipt of the collector showing that the
tax has been paid.

Sec. 9. Any person convicted of a violation of any of the provisions of
this ordinance, shall be fined in a sum not less than twenty, nor more than
ninety dollars, before the city recorder, who shall have jurisdiction of
every such violation.

Sec. 10. The license shall be signed by the clerk, for which he shall
receive a fee of fifty cents; and in no case shall such license be transferred
or assigned.

Sec. 11. Licenses granted under the provision of this ordinance shall
be as near as practicable in the form following, viz:
"I, , recorder of the city of Richmond, Missouri, to all who shall

see these presents, send greeting:

Know ye, that whereas, . . . . , of said city, on the .... day of . . . . , A.
D. 18.., paid to the city collector, the sum of .... dollars, being the
license tax for the business hereinafter mentioned, therefore the said . . . . ,
is hereby authorized to .... for the period of .... from the .... day of
. . . ., A. D. 18. ., subject to the ordinances and laws of the city of Rich-
mond, Missouri.

Given under my hand this .... day of . . . . , 18 . .

CD , City Recorder.''''

And the city collector shall endorse upon each license, " Granted this
.... day of . . . . , A. D., 18 . .

28 B. C , City Collector :"

442 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

Sec. 12. Every person and company of persons -who exercise or
attempt to carry on any business, trade, or auction for which a license is
required by the provisions of this ordinance, open or offer for exhibition
any show, or amusement of any kind, or keep for public use any ten pin
or ball alley, or offer for sale any ticket or chance in any gift enterprise,
or keep any tippling-house or dram-shop, or sell or give away any intoxi-
cating or malt liquors in quantities less than one gallon, within the city of
Richmond, without having first paid and obtained a license therefor, shall
be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction shall be punished
by a fine not less than five, nor more than ninety dollars, with costs of
suit for every such offense.

Sec 13. The fee for issuing each license shall be fifty cents, which
shall be paid the recorder by the party applying for the same, on his
application for license, and the recorder shall not prepare any license until
said fee be paid.

Sec. 14. All ordinances or parts of ordinances in conflict with the pro-
visions of this ordinance are hereby repealed.

Sec. 15. This ordinance to take effect from and after its publication.

Approved November 21, 1878. Geo. I. Wasson, Mayor.

W. C. Patton, Clerk.

AN ORDINANCE TO REGULATE THE LETTING OF CONTRACTS.

Be it ordained by the City Council of the City of Richmond, as follows :

Section 1. All permanent improvements, of whatever character,
which may be contracted by the city of Richmond, shall be let out to the
lowest responsible bidder, before any such work shall be authorized or
commenced, provided, however, that nothing herein contained shall be
construed so as to prevent the repair of streets, avenues, alleys, culverts,
buildings, or other city property, so far as may be necessary for their pre-
servation when such repairs shall have been ordered to be made by the
city council.

Sec 2. Whenever the city council may contemplate any improvement
or work, as provided in the preceding section, and shall order that pro-
posals to do the required work be advertised for, it shall be the duty of
the city recorder to advertise for at least twenty days, in some newspaper
printed in the city, that sealed proposals will be received in his office, dur-
ing that space of time, for doing the work in contemplation, giving a gen-
earal description of the work, and giving notice that full plans and specifi-
cations shall have been furnished by the city attorney, at or prior to the
the time of ordering such advertisement for proposals. Such notice shall
also contain the statement of the fact that the city reserves the right to
reject any or all proposals.

Sec 3. Proposals to do public work, shall contain full and explicit
statements of prices of each and every part of work to be done, with des-
cription of quality, quantity and price of all material to be used, price of
labor, and number of laborers employed, and the time in which the work
will be completed, and terms of payment, so that the city council can easily
determine the cost of the work contemplated, and the time required for its
completion.

Sec 4. The recorder shall note on the back of each proposal the time

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 443

of receiving the same, and shall file the same in his office for reference.
No proposal shall be filed by him unless it is securely sealed, and all such
proposals shall have an endorsement on the back, " Proposals for public
work," and directed to the city council. No proposals shall be withdrawn
from the recorder, or the seal broken by any one, until the meeting of the
city council to examine the same.

Sec. 5. After the time shall have expired for receiving proposals, the
city council shall convene and examine all proposals made, and shall award
the contract to the lowest bidder, provided, if all such proposals are
deemed too high, the city council may reject all.

Sec. 6. The city council shall require any person or persons whose
bid may be successful, to give bond with good security, to be approved by
said council, conditioned for the faithful performance of such work and
contract, and in default of providing such bond within some time specified
by them, such bid or bids shall be rejected.

Sec. 7. Whenever any contract shall be awarded and bond filed, as
herein provided, the city attorney shall draw up the terms of each contract
in duplicate, which said contract shall embody all the particulars specified
in the proposals, and shall further bind the contractor to perform the work
in a good and workmanlike manner. Such contracts shall be signed in
duplicate by the mayor, under the seal of the city, and the contractor,
under their hands and seals. One copy of such contracts shall be deliv-
ered to the contractor, and the other held in the office of the city recorder.

Sec. 8. No such work shall be received or paid for until it shall have
been examined by the committee of improvements of the city council, and
shall have been approved by them as constructed according to contract,
and these conditions shall be embraced in every contract entered into.

Sec. 9. All ordinances and parts of ordinances in conflict with this are
hereby repealed.

Sec. 10. This ordinance to be in force from and after its publication.

Approved December 21st, 1874. J. T. Quirk, Mayor.

Attest: A. J. Riffe, Clerk.

AN ORDINANCE IN RELATION TO THE PAYMENT OF CLAIMS AGAINST THE

CITY.

Be it ordained by the City Council of the City of Richmond, as follows :

Section 1. Whenever the city of Richmond, shall become liable to
any person, in any sum of money, the payment of which is not otherwise
provided for, the claimant shall make out a detailed account thereof and
shall then present the same to the city council, who shall carefully examine
the same, and if in their opinion the account is correct and should be paid
by law, they should allow the same, and the city recorder shall endorse on
such accounts the allowance thereof, and a warrant shall be issued by the
mayor, countersigned by the city recorder, in favor of such claimant, pay-
able out of the city treasury.

Sec. 2. The city council may refer any claim so presented to them for
payment to the committee of claims for examination and adjustment, but
all such claims shall be reported back to the city council for approval and
final action.

Sec. 3. The city treasurer shall keep a book in which shall be kept a

444 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

correct record and list of all warrants, presented to him for payment,
noting the number of the warrant, time of presentation, amount for which
drawn, and in favor of whom payable, and shall pay such warrants in the
order they are thus presented and registered for payment, such payment
to be made out of the general fund of the city.

Sec. 4. Whenever there shall be any money in the city treasury, and
warrants registered for payment, it shall be the duty of the city treasurer
to tack up in some conspicuous place in the office of the city council a list
of such warrants next to be paid, and for which he has money in the trea-
sury, giving the name of the person to whom payable, number and amount
of warrant, and notifying the holder thereof to present such warrant or
warrants for payment, and any warrant which shall not be presented for
payment within twenty days from the time the same shall be posted, shall
be stricken from its place in the registry, and the money appropriated to
the payment of the next warrant or warrants in the order in which they
occur on the registry; provided, that all warrants that may thus lose their
order of payment, shall be re-registered for payment at anytime as if they
were new warrants, but the city shall not be held liable for any interest or
damages on such warrants from and after its being posted for payment.

Sec. 5. Such public list of warrants to be paid shall be renewed from
time to time as there may be money on hand for the payment of any war-
rant or warrants, so as to keep the warrant holders accurately notified of
the time of payment of their warrants.

Sec. 6. Any city treasurer who shall pay any warrant, out of the
order of its payment, as shown by the register of warrants, and as herein
provided for, or who shall fail to keep a record of warrants as herein set
forth, or who shall fail to post any warrants for payment, as and when
the same shall be entitled to payment, as provided for in the sections next
preceding, or who shall violate any of the provisions of this ordinance,
shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction, shall be fined
in any sum not less than five dollars, and not more than ninety dollars,
and costs for every such offense.

Sec. 7. All ordinances and parts of ordinances in conflict with this are
hereby repealed; Provided, however, that all warrants now registered for
payment with the city treasurer, shall be paid in the order in which they
now are registered, the same as if originally registered under this ordin-
ance, and shall in all respects be so treated, and such warrants as may
hereafter be recognized, shall be registered in order, commencing next
after the last warrant heretofore registered for payment.

Sec. 8. This ordinance to take effect from and after its publication.

Approved December 21, 1878. Geo. I. Wasson,

Attest: W. C. Patton, Clerk. Mayor.

AN ORDINANCE IN RELATION TO THE CITY TREASURER.

Be it ordained by the City Council of the City of Richmond, as follows:

Section 1. On Tuesday after the first Monday in April of each year
there shall be elected a city treasurer, who shall hold his office for one
year, and until his successor is duly elected and qualified.

Sec. 2. He shall give bond in such sum as the city council may
require with approved security, conditioned for the faithful performance
of his official duties.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 445

Sec. 3. It shall be the duty of the city treasurer to receive and keep
the money of the city, and to pay out the same on warrants drawn by the
mayor, or other officers authorized by ordinance to draw them, in the
manner and form prescribed by ordinance.

Sec 4. In case of death, resignation or removal from office of the city
treasurer, the mayor, with the approval of the council, shall have power
to appoint a city treasurer for the residue of the term, until the next gen-
eral election of city officers.

Sec 5. The foregoing ordinance to take effect and be in force from
and after its publication.

Approved November 21, 1878. Geo. I. Wasson,

Attest: W. C. Patton, Clerk. Mayor.

AN ORDINANCE IN RELATION TO CITY RECORDER.

Be it ordained by the City Council of the City of Richmond, as follows :

Section 1. ' On Tuesday after the first Monday in April of each year,
there shall be elected a city recorder, who shall hold his office for one
year, and, until his successor is duly qualified.

Sec 2. He shall be ex-officio clerk of the city council. He shall keep
a journal of the proceedings of the council, record in a separate book all
ordinances and resolutions appropriating money, keep a record of all offi-
cial acts of the mayor, and when necessary attend them ; he shall keep and
preserve in his office the common seal of the city, and all records, public
papers and documents not properly belonging to any other office, and
perform such other duties as the council may direct.

Sec 3. As recorder he shall preside in the city court, and have the
same jurisdiction as a justice of the peace, within and for the limits of the
city. He shall have exclusive jurisdiction over all cases arising under any
ordinances of the city, subject, however, in all cases to an appeal to the
circuit court of Ray county, and every such appeal shall be granted as pro-
vided by the charter and ordinances of this city.

Sec 4. This ordinance is to take effect and be in force from and after
its publication.

Approved, December 21, 1874. J. T. Quirk, Mayor.

Attest: A. J. Riffe, Clerk.

AN ORDINANCE IN RELATION TO COMMITTEES.

Be it ordained by the City Council of the City of Richmond, as follows :
Section 1. The mayor shall, at the first regular meeting of the city

council after his election, appoint seven standing committees, to consist of

three members each, viz:

1st, A committee on finance; 2d, a committee on ordinances; 3d, a

committee on improvements and repairs; 4ih, a committee on claims; 5th,

a committee on judiciary; 6th, a committee of ways and means; 7th, a

committee on printing.

Approved, December 21, 1878. George I. Wasson, Mayor.

Attest: W. C. Patton, Clerk.

446 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

AN ORDINANCE IN RELATION TO THE TIME WHEN THE FOREGOING

ORDINANCES TAKE EFFECT.

Be it ordained by the City Council of the City of Richmond, as follows :

Section 1. That all the foregoing ordinances of the city of Richmond
are hereby approved and shall take effect and be in force from and after
January 1, A. D. 1879.

Sec. 2. All ordinances and parts of ordinances inconsistent with the
provisions of the said ordinances, are hereby repealed.

Sec. 3. This ordinance shall take effect and be in force from and after
January 1, A. D. 1879.

Approved, November 21, 1878. Geo. I. Wasson, Mayor.

Attest: W. C. Patton, Clerk.

RULES AND ORDER OF BUSINESS OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY

OF RICHMOND.

Rule I. Regular meetings of the council shall be held on the first
Wednesday of each month. Notices of special meetings shall be served
by the marshal on each councilman, and the marshal shall have charge of
the council rooms and give his attendance on the meetings of the council.

Rule II. At the hour appointed for the meeting, the recorder, or
some one appointed to supply his absence, shall proceed to call the roll
of members, and announce whether a quorum be present. Upon the
appearance of a quorum, the council shall be called to order, the mayor
taking the chair, if present. The council shall appoint a temporary chair-
man in the absence of the mayor. The council shall then proceed to do
business in the order following:

1. The reading of the minutes of' the proceedings of the last preced-
ing meeting or meetings, which, if approved by the council, shall be
signed by the mayor, and then attested by the recorder.

2. The presentation of petitions and reports of officers.

3. The reports of standing committees.

4. The reports of select committees.

5. Communications to the council, which may be considered at any
time.

6. Unfinished business.

7. Motions, resolutions and notices.

8. Miscellaneous business.

Rule III. The mayor shall preserve order and decorum, and shall
decide all questions of order, subject to an appeal to the council.

Rule IV. When the council adjourns, the members shall keep their
seats until the mayor shall declare the council adjourned.

Rule V. Every member, previous to his speaking, shall rise from his
seat and address himself to the mayor, and say, " Mr. President," but
shall not proceed until recognized and named by the chair.

Rule VI. When two or more members rise at once, the mayor shall
name the member who is first to speak.

Rule VII. No member shall speak more than twice on the same
question without leave of the council.

HISTORY OF RAV COUNTY. 447

Rule VIII. When a member is speaking, no member shall enter into
any private discourse, or pass between him and the chair.

Rule IX. A member called to order shall immediately take his seat,
unless permitted to explain. The decision of the chair on points of order
shall be conclusive, unless there be an appeal to the council, in which case,
the council shall decide the point of order without debate.

Rule X. Every member present shall vote upon all questions stated by
the chair, unless excused by the council.

Rule XI. No motion shall be stated by the chair unless it be seconded.
When a motion is seconded, it shall be stated by the mayor before debate;
and shall be reduced to writing, if required by a member.

Rule XII. If the question in debate contains several distinct proposi-
tions, any member may have the same divided.

Rule XIII. When a motion is under debate, no motion shall be re-
ceived unless for the " previous question, " to postpone indefinitely, to
adjourn to a certain day, to lie on the table, to amend, or to adjourn the
council.

Rule XIV. A motion for the "previous question, " to lie on the table,
or to commit it until decided, shall preclude all amendment and debate;
and so also, a motion to postpone indefinitely, or to adjourn it to a certain
day, shall, until decided, preclude all amendment to the main question.

Rule XV. The " previous question " shall be as follows: " Shall the
main question now be put?"

Rule XVI. A motion to adjourn shall always be in order, except
when a member is speaking, or a vote is being taken, or when a motion
to adjourn was the last preceding motion.

Rule XVII. If any member require it, the ayes and noes upon any
question shall be taken and entered on the minutes.

Rule XVIII. All committees shall be appointed by the chair, unless
otherwise ordered by the council.

Rule XIX. All reports of committees shall be made in writing.

Rule XX. These rules may be temporarily suspended by a vote of
two-thirds of the council present; and be repealed, altered or amended, by
the concurrence of two-thirds of all the councilmen elected.

Rule XXI. The standing committees shall consist of three members
each, and shall be appointed by the mayor, annually: and the first person
named on the committee shall be the chairman thereof. The standing
committees shall be:

First — Finance.

Second — Ordinances.

Third — Improvements and repairs.

Fourth — Claims.

Fifth — Judiciary.

Sixth — Ways and means.

Seventh — Printing.

Rule XXII. All bills proposing to become ordinances shall have three
separate readings.

Rule XXIII. All questions of order not herein otherwise provided
for, shall be decided upon the principle laid down in Jefferson's Manual, so
far as the same may be applicable.

Adopted December 23, 1874.

448 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

The population of Richmond, per tenth United States census, is 1,424;
but as this only includes those living within the corporate limits, which
are quite narrow, it is much less than the population of the town proper —
which is certainly not less than twenty-five hundred. Its population in
1870 was 1,218.

TAITSVILLE.

In 1833, a settlement was made where Taitsville now stands. In that
year Alfred Williams built the first house erected in what afterward
became the corporate limits of Taitsville. His house stood a short dis-
tance southwest of lot No. 1, and was burned the year after it was built.
Williams died in 1868.

About the same time that Alfred Williams settled at Taitsville, his
brother, Thomas Williams, also settled there and built a house on the
southeast part of the area now forming the limits of the town.

In 1858, one J. P. Morrison built a small steam mill in Taitsville. The
mill was provided without one run of burrs, and the flour was bolted by
hand. The engine first used is still in use. After several changes in
ownership the mill became, and is now, the property of John Tait, who
has repaired and improved it very much. The mill was burned down in
1875, but was immediately re-built. It now has two run of burrs.

In the spring of 1869, McGlothlin & Bailes built on lot number one, the
first store house in Taitsville. They occupied the building as a store
house, but it is now occupied by W. G. Tait & Bro. In 1873, T. B. Hat-
field & Brother established the second store in Taitsville.

There are, also, two drug stores in the town; two blacksmith and two
wagon shops.

Taitsville is situated in the south part of section seventeen, township
fifty-four, range twenty-seven, on the west side of the west fork of
Crooked river. It is not on any railroad, but is pleasantly situated in a
very good farming country. Timber of superior quality and in considera-
ble variety abounds in the neighborhood. The town was made a post
office May 24, 1872, and J. H. Hatfield was appointed postmaster. It has
mail to and from Richmond, sixteen miles distant, two times per week.

Taitsville was incorporated November 16, 1878, with James Tait, John
Tait, William C. Syler, T. B. Hatfield and G. W. Cones, as trustees,
appointed by the county court. Tha same persons were elected members
of the town board, the first Tuesday in April, 1880. The population of
Taitsville, per census of 1880, is one hundred and eight.

KNOXVILLE.
Knoxville is fourteen miles north and inland from Richmond, situated
in Knoxville township, in center of section thirty-five, congressional town-
ship fifty-four, range twenty-eight; has a population, according to the

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 449

tenth U. S. census, of eighty-eight, four stores carrying stocks of general
merchandise, two drug stores, two wagon shops, one saddle and harness
shop, two blacksmith shops, a hotel and a post office, with daily mail.

The town is unincorporated, and as its limits can not be sharply defined,
eighty-eight is, of course, only the approximate population. We have
received one statement estimating the population at two hundred, which is
probably more nearly correct than the other.

It has a justice of the peace, a constable, and two physicians. There
is, also, a Masonic lodge, and a church building in the town. Services are
held in the latter by two denominations.

In the spring of 1834 a Mr. Hatfield occupied a small house, near the
present site of Knoxville, which took the name of " Buncombe." The
first store-house was erected in the summer of 1834, by one Jacob Stol-
lins. He carried a small stock of general merchandise. At that time
there were only two or three houses in the place.

There is now a very good school-house in the village, and school is
kept open from six to eight months in the year.

About three and a half miles southwest of Knoxville, on the west
fork of Crooked river, is situated the saw and grist mill of J. B. Belch er
Esq.

While this mill is operated exclusively in Ray county, it is not station-
ary, but is moved from one locality to another, in order that it may be
kept convenient to suitable timber. When the timber of one locality has
been used, the mill is removed; and our apology for giving an account of
it in connection with the history of Knoxville, is that the writer is informed
it is now located nearer that village*than any other.

Mr. Belcher operates this mill with no other assistance than that afforded
by members of his family, thereby practicing a very laudable economy, as
well as having his work done in a prompt and satisfactory manner. Mr.
Belcher displays a judgment worthy of emulation, in so thoroughly utili-
zing the force represented by his own family.

The engine is a twenty-four horse-power, and, with good saws, in per-
fect order, does excellent work.

There is considerable walnut timber, of good quality, in the neighbor-
hood of Mr. B.'s present location. This he saws for other parties, and it
finds its way to distant markets.

The mill is also provided with a good pair of burrs for grinding corn.

MILLVILLE.
Millville, a bright and thriving little village of about two hundred souls,
ten miles northeast of Richmond, in the north part of section fifteen,
township fifty-three, range twenty-seven, is pleasantly situated at the base
of some beautiful wooded hills, in the midst of a rich, partially timbered
and partially prairie country, highly improved and exceedingly productive

450 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

The land upon which Millville is located, was entered by one Leighton
Ewell, who sold it to Robert Mitchell.

In 1837, the latter gentleman erected, on the present site of Millville, a
water power grist mill, for grinding corn, only.

The same year Robert Mitchell, and one "Buck" McGaugh, laid out
the town into lots, streets and alleys.

In 1837, C. W. Stillwell built the first blacksmith shop in Millville. The
first store was opened about the year 1842, by Milton and S. L.
McCuistion.

This was the only store in Millville till 1845, when George A. Mason
engaged in the mercantile business in that town. Since that time various
persons have been engaged in merchandizing in Millville, among whom
we mention the following: T. B. Fowler, R. C. Wild, J. Y. Coppage,

Everett, Brice, Steele, I. Mansur, Graham & Craven, and J. P.

Grimes & Co.

There is a good steam flouring mill in the town, and also, a church
building, a school house and Masonic lodge.

The town was originally called "Buck Snort," probably on account of
"Buck" McGaugh, who helped to lay it out into town lots.

MORTON.

A hamlet of about one hundred inhabitants, is situated in the heart of
the most beautiful and fertile agricultural region in northwest Missouri,
is in Crooked River township, near the center of section eighteen, con-
gressional township fifty-two, of range twenty-six.

The town is situated on a very eligible site, commanding a fine pros-
pect of the surrounding country.

W. P. Shaw, Esq., built the first house in the place, and T. J. Porter
owned the first store.

The school-house was built in the year 1856. It is a frame, and cost
three hundred dollars. Miss Sarah Bohannon was the first teacher. She
had about twenty pupils, and received as a salary twenty dollars per
month.

The first marriage solemnized in Morton is said to have been that of
George Ewing to Miss Lyda Tisdale, but we have been unable to ascer-
tain.

The first regular practicing physician was Doctor W. F. Yates, who is
living in Morton. He is a native of Scott county, Kentucky.

A postoffice was established in Morton in 1874, with R. V. Wall as
postmaster.

Two dry goods stores, a saddle and harness shop, two blacksmith shops
and one dru£ store constitute the business establishments of the town.
There is also a very handsome union church in the place.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 451

Like every town in Ray county, Morton is surrounded by a hospitable,
intelligent and enterprising people, and is supported by inexhaustible
natural sources.

HARDIN.

Hardin was laid out in 1868, and incorporated in October, 1870. James
Darby was the first mayor; John D. Reyburn built the first house, and
Fountain Roselle was the owner of the first store in Hardin. The first
school-house in the town was built in 1870, at a cost of seven hundred
dollars.

C. W. Clampitt taught the first school. He had seventy-five pupils,
and his compensation was seventy dollars per month.

The first death that occuored in Hardin was that of William Hunt,
who died in 1870. His remains were interred at Knoxville, Ray county,,
Missouri.

Dr. A. H. Buchanan, who came from Kentucky, was the first regular
physician. He is now dead.

Reverend F. Bone, of the M. E. Church South, was the first minister
in Hardin. Religious services were held at the Union church, described
elsewhere in this volume. The town has a handsome cemetery, three-
fourths of a mile to the southeast.

The present officers of Hardin are as follows: B. B. Babcock, mayor;
L. H. Noble, marshal; W. J. Roach, secretary; C. W. Dawson, J. J.
Moore, S. B. Chase, and R. L. Reyburn, councilmen.

Hardin is a progressive, enterprising little village, situated in sections
thirty-two and thirty-three, congressional township fifty-two, range
twenty-six, and in sections four and five, township fifty-one, range twenty-
six, on the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific railway, six miles east of R. &
L. Junction. It has twelve business houses, one church, owned and used
by several denominations, a good school-house, one hotel, and an elevator,
and is in as fine a farming country as there is in Missouri. The town
enjoys a large trade, comparatively speaking, and as a shipping point for
grain and live stock, is one of the most important in the county. The
Telegraph steam flouring mills are located here, and no similar mills in a
town of equal size will sutler disparagement by comparison with them.

Old Hardin is situated one-half mile southeast. It contains a Union
church, and several old and decaying houses.

The population of Hardin was not separately reported by the enumera-
tor, who, in June, 1880, took the census of Crooked River township, in
which it is located; hence, the number of its inhabitants cannot be defin-
itely stated; it is safe to say, however, that it is from two hundred and
fifty to three hundred.

The town stands at the head of the famous sugar tree bottom of Carroll
county. The greater portion of the surrounding country is prairie, inter-

452 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

spersed with groves of excellent timber. To the eastward, below the

"bluffs," are the Kilgore and Heisinger lakes, and the land is low and

marshy.

CAMDEN.

Camden is situated on the north bank of the Missouri river, on the
Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railway, five miles west of Richmond and
Lexington Junction, and six miles southwest of Richmond; was incorpo-
rated in May, 1838.

It is a town of some importance, in a part of the county most admirably
adapted to the culture of grain and fruit, as well as inexhaustibly rich in
mining resources.

The coal mines in the vicinity are a source of considerable wealth to
the town, and afford employment to one hundred and fifty to two hundred
men.

It has eight stores, two hotels, two school houses, one church, owned
and used by all denominations, and one large flouring mill.

Wood, coal and water being convenient and abundant, Camden pre-
sents decided advantages for manufacturing. Population, according to
United States census of 1880, five hundred and nine.

The bluffs in the rear, and on either side of Camden, rise to consider-
able height, and present a grand and picturesque appearance.

ORRICK.

Orrick, situated in east half of section twenty-three, township fifty-one,
range twenty-nine, on the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific railroad, (formerly
North Missouri railroad,) was laid out in March, 1869, by the North Mis-
souri railroad company, and named in honor of W. W. Orrick, Esq., of
St. Charles, Missouri.

The village was incorporated in 1872, with John G. Hearn as its first
mayor. A postoffice was established in Orrick in 1873, and Arthur W.
Stickle appointed postmaster.

John G. Brown built the first house in the town, and owned the first
store.

In 1873 a good substantial school house was built, at a cost of eight
hundred and fifty dollars. It is a two-story frame building; the second
story, which is owned by a joint stock company, being used as a public
hall

W. D. Ward was principal of the first school taught in Orrick.
Twenty-five pupils attended his school, and he received for his services
as teacher, forty dollars per month.

The first marriage ceremony pronounced in the town was that uniting
as man and wife, Peter Gerry and Sarah Stewart.

March 26, 1870, occurred the first birth. It was that of a daughter,
born to Frank and Melvina Warner.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 453

The first male child born in Orrick was William, son of Zachariah and
Nelly Campbell, born May 14, 1872.

The first death occurred April 1, 1870; it was that of Melvina War-
ner, whose remains were buried at South Point cemetery.

R. S. Kestler, M. D., from Macon county, Illinois, now a citizen of
Tiblow, Wyandotte county, Kansas, was the first practicing physician in
the town of Orrick.

There is no cemetery yet established in the town; but South Point ceme-
tery, laid out by the Christian congregation at that place, is one mile
away, and is used by the people of Orrick as a place to inter their dead.

The present (1881) officers of Orrick are as follows: B. A. Miller,
mayor; Louis H. Wood, Marion Leakey, D. B. Shepard, W. A. Wells,
councilmen; George Brown, marshal; G. W. Mitchell, treasurer; M. S.
Bissell, city attorney; George Dale, clerk.

The population of Orrick, per tenth U. S. census, is one hundred and
ninety-three.

Mrs. Mary Gordon has lived longer in the town than any other person.

LAWSON.

Lawson, a bright and attractive little village of two hundred and
twenty-three inhabitants, is situated on the St. Joseph branch of the
Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific railway, twenty miles northwest of Rich-
mond, in Polk township, near the Clay county line.

It was laid out in June, 1870, named in honor of Lawson of the

New York banking house of Donnell, Lawson & Co., and incorporated
November, 7, 1871.

George Young, of the firm of Young, Brown & Co., built the first
house erected in Lawson, and also owned the first store.

There is a very pretty school house in the place, built in 1870, at a cost
of five hundred dollars. Miss Lutie Palmer, with twenty pupils, and for
twenty-five dollars per month, taught the first school. It was a public
school.

Lawson is a growing town, very important as a shipping point, and is
situated in the midst of a fine farming area of rich and beautiful gently
undulating prairie land.

Dr. C. N. Palmer, from Liberty, Clay county, Missouri, who is still a
citizen of Lawson, was the first regular practicing physician.

The church building in Lawson, owned by the Methodists and Presby-
terians, is a neat and substantial structure.

Perhaps no town in this part of Missouri is more pleasantly located than
Lawson.

Following are the names of the present officers of the town : Council-
men, P. H. Cates, chairman; J. H. Titus, M. O. Robinett, W. H. Hat-
field and J. W. Asbury; W. M. Allison, treasurer; R. M. Miller, marshal;

454 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

G. W. Robinett, street commissioner; G. W. Montgomery, assessor and

collector.

VIBBARD.

Vibbard is on the St. Joseph branch of the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific
Railway, fourteen miles northwest of Richmond, sections twenty-two
and twenty-seven, township fifty-three, of range twenty-nine, and is the
center of another very rich and beautiful rolling prairie district. Vibbard
is, also, quite an important shipping point. Cattle, horses, mules, hogs,
grain, and general produce are shipped from here in large number and
quantity every year.

The town has eight business houses, one church, used by several
denominations, a school house and a hotel. We are unable to give the
exact population of the place, as the census enumerator failed to report
the town separately. It has, however, a population of about one hun-
dred and seventy-five.

ALBANY.

Albany, formery called Ashton, was founded by Judge Eli Carter.
The town was incorporated in 1871. Daniel Turner was the first mayor.

In 1854, a post office was established at Albany, and Judge Eli Carter
appointed postmaster.

A Dr. Scroggins was the first practicing physician in Albany.

The first religious services were held by members of the M. E. Church
South, at Judge Carter's tobacco factory in Albany. Rev. E. M. Dorkra
was the preacher.

Albany is in southwest corner of section thirteen, township fifty-one,
range twenty-nine, three-fourths of a mile northeast of Orrick. It is a
brisk little village, surrounded, as are all the towns mentioned, by an
excellent farming country, and has seven business houses, one school
house, one church building, property of M. E. Church South, and Baptists.

The Albany flouring mill, located at this place, was built in 1853, by
Eli Carter & Co. It has two pairs of burrs; one to grind wheat, the
other for corn. It grinds from eighty to one hundred bushels of wheat
per day, and from fifteen to twenty bushels of corn in the same time.
The mill is now owned by Brasher & Taylor; is in good repair and does
very good work.

The town was not reported separately by the census enumerator, but
it has a population of about one hundred and fifty.

HALLER STATION— RAYVILLE POST OFFICE.
This small village is on the St. Joseph branch of the Wabash, St. Louis
and Pacific railway, about eight miles northwest of Richmond, in Rich-
mond township. It was laid out in 1871, and the same year a postoffice
was established there, with J. O. Davis as postmaster. Thomas Hankins
built the first house and owned the first store.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 455

In 1880, the district public school building was moved near the town,
and is now used by the town and neighborhood.

The first religious services in Haller station, were held at the railroad
house by the Catholics. Father O'Riley, a Catholic priest, was the first
minister.

The only official in Haller station, at present — April, 1881 — is Henry
Clark, postmaster and justice of the peace.

ELK HORN— CRAB ORCHARD POST OFFICE.

Elk Horn is a postoffice, nine miles northwest of Richmond, in section
thirteen, of township fifty-two, range twenty-nine — Fishing River.

NORTH LEXINGTON.

North Lexington is the terminus of the St. Joseph branch of the Wabash,

St. Louis and Pacific railway, on the left bank of the Missouri river,

opposite Lexington.

SWANWICK.

Swanwick is a railway station and postoffice, five miles nosthwest of
Richmond, on the St. Joseph branch of the Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific
railway.

RICHMOND AND LEXINGTON JUNCTION— HENRY POST OFFICE.

Henry postoffice is situated in the north part of section sixteen, township
fifty-one, range twenty-seven, at the crossing of the Wabash, St. Louis
and Pacific railway, and the St. Joseph branch of that road.

It is a thriving little village and a shipping point for an extensive and
productive agricultural country. It contains five business houses; three
hotels, one railroad eating house, large depot buildings, a grain elevator,
a school house and a church. Population about one hundred and fifty.

HULL'S POINT.
Hull's Point, about four miles northwest of Orrick, is a station on the
Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific railway.

LISBONVILLE.
Lisbonville is a post office in the extreme northern part of section three,
township fifty-four, range twenty-nine. It is just within Ray county,
being at the line between Ray and Caldwell counties.

FREDERICKSBURG— NEW GARDEN P. O.
Fredericksburg is a post office in Fishing River township, or, section
eight, congressional township fifty-two, range twenty-nine.

RUSSELLVILLE— FOX P. O.

Fox post office is situated in section sixteen, township fifty -three, range

twenty-six, Grape Grove.

WILMOT.

Wilmot is a post office one mile and a half north of Fox post office.

456 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

GEORGEVILLE.
Georgeville is a post office in the north part of section fifteen, township
fifty-four, range twenty-seven, Grape Grove.

TINNEY'S GROVE P. O — MT. PLEASANT.
Tinney's Grove is a small business place and postoffice, situated in sec-
tion ten, township fifty-four, range twenty-six — Grape Grove. It is sur-
rounded by a good farming country.

PLEASANT VIEW.

As a town, Pleasant View exists no longer. It was once a lovely little

village

" Where smiling spring its earliest visit paid,

And parting summer's lingering blooms delayed."

But a railroad was built, and Pleasant View ignored; other towns spring-
ing up in the vicinity, on the line of the railroad, drew its patronage, and
this gone, Pleasant View was forced to die.

The town was situated on a beautiful tract of high, rolling prairie land,
and at one time before the war, had an extensive trade. It was laid out
about the year 1857, by a German, named Isaac Berry, who opened the
first store in the place, and sold a large amount of goods, dealing in country
produce, general merchandise and farming implements.

One Joel J. Goddard kept a grocery store, and also sold liquors.

A man named Jacob Wybrow kept a furniture store and had an exten-
sive trade.

Pleasant View was a flourishing village during the war, and for several
years thereafter; but at last, like "Sweet Auburn," fell a victim to
"unwieldy wealth," in other hands.

The Christian Church and a few " mouldering walls," are all that
remain to mark the spot, in the west part of section twenty-seven, town-
ship fifty-four, range twenty-nine, where once stood Pleasant View village.

THE SOLE SURVIVING WITNESS OF THE AUTHENTIC-
ITY OF THE BOOK OF MORMON.

The year 1838 is a memorable one in the history of northwest Missouri.
In that year a large body of Mormons, under the leadership of Joseph
Smith, their high priest and prophet, and founder of the Mormon church,
established a settlement at Far West, in Caldwell county, which but two
years before had been formed out of the northern part of Ray county.

The Mormons had previously settled in Jackson county, having moved
thither from Kirtland, Ohio. From these settlements the people had
learned something of the character of the Mormons, and their rapid
immigration into the country caused great excitement and considera-

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 457

ble alarm. The people regarded their religion as inimical to society,
civilization, and Christianity; their habits were the opposite of decency,
and their depredations unbearable. Public meetings were held, speeches
made, and resolutions passed, denouncing the Mormons, and resolving to
expel them from the country. War ensued — an account of which is
given elsewhere in this volume. But, as a considerable number of worthy
citizens are yet living in Ray county, who, while condemning polygamy,
and repudiating the degenerate branch of so-called " Latter Day Saints,"
established at Salt Lake, Utah, or elsewhere, honestly believe in the
authenticity of the Book of Mormon, without rejecting the Bible; and as
the only surviving witness to the golden plates, from the characters
engraven on which was translated the Book of Mormon, and who claims
to have received the manifestation from God concerning the record — is
now living, and has lived for many years in Richmond, this county, it is
deemed proper to insert a brief account of the man, what he believes,
what he saw, and what he testifies to:

DAVID WHITMER,

the only living witness to the authenticity of the Book of Mormon, and
one of the three witnesses who testified to " all nations, kindreds, tongues
and people," that they had seen the golden plates upon which were
engraven the hieroglyphics, that were translated into the Book of Mor-
mon, has been interviewed by a reporter of the Chicago Times, and the
result is given in four columns of that paper on August 7th. We repro-
duce the subjoined from the published interview: David Whitmer was.
born near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, and when he was but four years old,
his parents removed to New York, settling at a point midwav between
the northern extremities of lakes Cayuga and Seneca, two miles from
Waterloo, two miles from Seneca River, four miles from Seneca Falls,.
seven miles from Geneva, and twenty-two miles from Palmyra. He is.
now seventy years of age, but as hale and hearty as most men at fifty..
In person he is above the medium height, stoutly built though not corpu-
lent, his shoulders inclining to stoop, as if from so long supporting his;
massive head, rather than from the weight of years, his frank, manly and
benevolent face closely shaven, and his whole exterior betokening him to
be one of nature's gentlemen. The rudiments of education he learned in
school, and a life-time of thought and research have served to expand and
store his mind with vast funds of information. The Times reporter found
him at his pleasant two-story white frame residence, near the centre of the
town of Richmond, Missouri, and in company with Hon. J. T. Child,
editor of the Conservator, was admitted, introduced, and received a cordial
greeting. When the object of the call was made known, Mr. Whitmer
smilingly and meditatively remarked that it was true he had in his possession
the original records, and was conversant with the history of the Church of
Christ from the beginning, but was under obligations to hold both history
and records sacred until such time as the interests of truth and true
religion might demand their aid to combat error. Presently he became
quite animated, rose to his feet, and, with great earnestness and good
29

458 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

nature, spoke for half an hour on the harmony between the Bible and the
original Book of Mormon, showing how the rinding of the plates had
been predicted, referring to the innumerable evidences, in the shape of
ruins of great cities existing on this continent; of its former occupation
by a highly civilized race, reverently declared his solemn conviction of the
authenticity of the records in his possession, and closed bv denouncing the
Latter-Day Saints, of Utah, as an abomination in the sight of the Lord.
While he believed implicitly in the original book, he protested against the
Book of Covenants, which was simply a compilation of special revela-
tions that Smith and his successors had pretended to have received. Joe
Smith, he said, was generally opposed to these revelations, but was fre-
qently importuned by individuals to reveal their duty, and oftimes he was
virtually compelled to yield, and in this way the original purity of the faith
was tarnished by human invention, and the accepted records of to-day
lumbered with a mass of worse than useless rubbish. Should Bngham
Young, or any of his infatuated satelites, ever dare to declare any of their
interpolations to be from the original tablets, or proclaim that their per-
nicious doctrines or practices were authorized by the true version, then
he, David Whitmer, would bring forth the records and confound them.
Until that time, he, alone, would be the custodian of the sacred docu-
ments. When the question of polygamy was broached, and it was asked
if the original Book of Mormon justified the practice, Mr. Whitmer most
emphatically replied: "No! It is even much more antagonistic to both
polygamy and concubinage than is the Bible. Joe Smith never,to my knowl-
edge, advocated it, though I have heard that he virtually sanctioned it at Nau-
voo. However, as I cut loose from him in 1837, 1 can't speak intelligently of
what transpired thereafter." David Whitmer believes in the Bible as implic-
itlv as any devotee alive;, and he believes in the Book of Mormon as
much as he does in the Bible. The one is but a supplement to the other,
according to his idea, and neither would be complete were the other lack-
ing. And no man can look at David Whitmer'sface for a half-hour, while
he charily and modestly speaks of what he has seen, and then boldly and
earnestly confesses the faith that is in him, and say that he is a bigot
or an enthusiast. While he shrinks from unnecessary public promulgation
of creed, and keenly feels that the Brighamites and Danites, and numer-
ous other ites have disgraced it, yet he would not hesitate, in emer-
gency, to stake his honor, and even his life, upon its reliability. His is the
stern faith of the Puritans, modified by half a century of benevolent
thought and quiet observation. He might have been a martyr, had he
lacked sense and shrewdness to escape the death sentence that was pro-
nounced against him by the high priests of the church he had helped to
build. As it is, he is, perhaps, the only living witness of the wondrous
revelation made to Joseph Smith, the founder of Mormonism.

David Whitmer was married in Seneca county, New York, in 1830,
and was for a number of years an elder in the Church of Christ. To-day
he is the proprietor of a livery stable in Richmond, Missouri, owns some
real estate, has a handsome balance in the bank, is universally respected
by all who know him, and surrounded by children and grand-children, is
pleasantly gliding toward the gates of sunset, confident that the God of
Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob, was also the God of Nephi, whose faith-
ful disciple he has been, and is. He does not believe that all believing in

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 459

the Book of Mormon, or all adherents to any other faith, will be found
among the elect, but that the truly good of every faith will be gathered
in fulfillment of prophecy. Neither does he believe that the Book of
Mormon is the only record of the lost tribes hidden in the earth, but on
the contrary, that the caves hold other records that will not come forth
till all is peace, and " the lion and the lamb shall lie down together."
Three times has he been at the hill Comorah, and seen the casket that
contained the tablets and seer-stone. Eventually the casket had been
washed down to the foot of the hill, but it was to be seen when he last
visited the historic place. He declares that he has never been a Mor-
mon, as the term is commonly interpreted, but is a firm believer in the
Book, in the faith of Christ, and the fulfillment of the prophecies in
due time. Some of them have already been fulfilled; for instance, that
which declares that the saints shall be driven from city to city, and also
the prediction that the twelve apostles shall lead them to the devil.

In 1837, David and his brother John, then living in Far West, Missouri,
were warned that they must make a confession of their apostacy or be
killed, as the leaders of the church were conspiring against them. They
determined to accept neither horn of the dilemma, and arranged for flight.
At an appointed time John emerged from the back door of his house,
gave the preconcerted signal by raising his hat, and hastily mounting
horses in waiting, they rode away. John, as clerk of the church, had its
records, and Oliver Cowdery bore off the original translation, and event-
ually transferred it to the keeping of David. Since that memorable day
both John and David Whitmer have kept aloof from the so-called Latter-
day Saints, although firm as ever in the faith as taught by the Book of
Mormon. John is a man of fine education, and abundantly able to defend
his faith from assaults from any quarter.

The testimony of the three witnesses, as translated into different lan-
guages and published to the world, is in the following words:

Be it known unto all nations, kindreds, tongues and people unto
whom this work shall come, that we, through the grace of God the
Father, and our Lord Jesus Christ, have seen the plates which contain
this record, which is a record of the people of Nephi, and also of the
Lamanites, their brethren, and also of the people of Jared, who came from
the tower of which hath been spoken; and we also know that they have
been translated by the gift and power of God, for his voice hath declared
it unto us; wherefore, we know of a surety that the work is true.

And we also testify, that we have seen the engravings which are upon
the plates; and they have been shown unto us by the power of God, and
not of man. And we declare with words of soberness, that an angel of
God came down from heaven, and he brought and laid before our eyes,
that we beheld and saw the plates, and the engravings thereon; and we
know that it is by the grace of God the Father, and our Lord Jesus
Christ, that we beheld and bear record that these things are true; and it
is marvelous in our eyes, nevertheless the voice of the Lord commanded
us that we should bear record of it; wherefore, to be obedient unto the
commandments of God, we bear testimony of these things.

And we know that if we are faithful in Christ, we shall rid our gar-
ments of the blood of all men, and be found spotless before the judgment
seat of Christ, and shall dwell with him eternally in the heavens.

400 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY

And the honor be to the Father, and to the Son, and the Holy Ghost,,
which is one God. Amen.

Oliver Cowdery,
% David Whitmer,

Martin Harris.

A citizen of Caldwell county having made public a statement reflecting
upon the character of David Whitmer, the latter secured a testimonial,
signed by many of the leading citizens of Richmond, where Mr. Whit-
mer has resided since the year A. D. 1838, certifying, that from a long
and intimate acquaintance with him, they knew him to be a man of the
highest integrity, and of undoubted truthfulness.

In reply to the statement referred to above, and in order to set him-
self right before the world, Mr. Whitmer published the following:

Unto all nations, kindred tongues and people, unto whom these pres-
ents shall come: It having been represented by one John Murphy, of
Polo, Caldwell county, Missouri, that I, in a conversation with him last sum-
mer, denied my testimony as one of the three witnesses to the, Book of
Mormon.

To the end, therefore, that he may understand me now, if he did not
then, and that the world may know the truth, I wish now, standing as it
were in the very sunset of life, and in the fear of God once for all, to make
this public statement:

That I have never at any time, denied the testimony or any part thereof,
which has so long since been published with that book, as one of the three
witnesses. Those who know me best well know that I have always
adhered to that testimony. And that no man may be misled or doubt my
present views, in regard to the same, I do again affirm the truth of all of
my statements, as then made and published.

"He that hath an ear to hear, let him hear; ' It was no delusion! What is
written is written — and he that readeth let him understand.

And that no one may be deceived or misled by this statement, I wish
here to state, that I do not indorse polygamy or spiritual wifeism. It is
a great evil, shocking to the moral sense, and the more so because prac-
ticed in the name of religion. It is of man and not of God, and is
especially forbidden in the Book of Mormon itself.

I do not indorse the change of the name of the church, for as the wife
takes the name of her husband, so should the church of the Lamb of
God take the name of its head, even Christ himself. It is the Church of
Christ.

As to the high priesthood, Jesus Christ himself is the last Great High
Priest, this too after the order of Melchisedec, as I understand the holy
scriptures.

Finally — I do not indorse any of the teachings of the so-called Mor-
mons, or Latter-day Saints, which are in conflict with the gospel of our
Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, as taught in the Bible and Book of Mor-
mon; for the same gospel is plainly taught in both of these books as I
understand the word of God.

And if any man doubt, should he not carefully and honestly read and
understand the same before presuming to sit in judgment and condemning

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 461

the lighi, which shineth in darkness and showeth the way of eternal life,
as pointed out by the unerring hand of God.

In the spirit of Christ, who hath said, 'Follow thou me, for I am the
life, the light and the way,' I submit this statement to the world. God in
whom I trust being my judge, as to the sincerity of my motives* and the
faith and hope that is in me of eternal life.

My sincere desire is that the world may be benefitted by this plain and
simple statement of the truth.

And all the honor be to the Father, the Son and the Holy Ghost, which
is one God. Amen!

Richmond, Missouri, March 19, 1881. David Whitmer, Sr.

Relative to this testimonial, the Richmond Conservator, of March 25,
1881, contained the following editorial:

Elsewhere we publish a letter from David Whitmer, Sr., an old and
well known citizen of Ray, as well as an endorsement of his standing as a
man, signed by a number of the leading citizens of this community, in
reply to some unwarranted aspertions made upon him.

There is no doubt that Mr. Whitmer, who was one of the three wit-
nesses of the authenticity of the gold plates, from which he asserts that
Joe Smith translated the Book of Mormon, {fac simile of the characters
he now has in his possession, with the original records) is firmly con-
vinced of its divine origin; and while he makes no effort to obtrude his
views or beliefs, he simply wants the world to know that, so far as he is
concerned, there is no "variableness or shadow of turning."

Having resided here for nearly half a century, it is with no little pride
that he points to his past record, with the consciousness that he has done
nothing derogatory to his character as a citizen and a believer in the Son
of Mary, to warrant such an attack on him, come from what source it
may; and now, with the lilies of seventy-five winters crowning him like an
aureole, and his pilgrimage on earth well nigh ended, he reiterates his
former statements, and will leave futurity to solve the problem that he
was but a passing witness of its fulfillment.

It is not the part of these pages to comment upon the Book of Mormon,
the " golden plates," or the witnesses, as such ; we have simply given place
to the foregoing as a matter of interest in connection with the history of
Ray county.

GEOLOGY

RAY COUNTY COAL.*

The Lexington coal-bed is occasionally opened at points along the Mis-
souri bluffs, from the east county line to Camden. Above Camden the
formations dip strongly west, and the Lexington coal is no longer seen,
but it is replaced by higher rocks. Around Richmond, on the waters of
Crooked river, the coal is worked at many places. The mines near the
east county line are worked by horizontal driftings. *

♦Iron ores and coal fields : Geological survey of Missouri, Raphael Puuipelly, director.

462 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

The section at Oberholtz, from the hill top down, was as follows1:

Section 173.

No. 1—68 feet slope.

2 — 2 feet, equivalent to No. 15 (4 feet limestome: irregularly bedded:
gray and drab: sometimes quite nodular: generally coarse grained.
Abounds in Chcetetes milleporaceons, contains cylindrica and Athyris sub-
tiiita), of Lexington section; color, light drab.

3—31 feet slope.

4 — 4 feet brown limestone, abounds in Chcetetes milleporaccous.

5 — 9 feet, 2 inches alternations of thin beds of limestone and buff shales,
abounding in fossils, including Chonetes mesoloba, Chonetes, Pr. Pratten-
ianus, /femiflronitcs Crassus and sftr. cameratus.

6 — 2 feet, 4 inches hard, blue limestone in irregular layers: Contains
Athyris subtilita.

7 — 6 inches shale.

8 — 1£ feet coal (Lexington seam) said to increase to 20 inches.

9—2 feet clay.

10—15 feet gentle slope to Missouri bottoms.

An analysis of Oberholtz coal by Mr. Chauvenet, gives: —

Water 11.02

Volatile 32 . 48

Fixed carbon 46 . 30

Ash 10 . 20

Color of ash gray-

Sp. gravity 1 . 277

Sulphur 4.609

Williams'* bank is seventy-five yards farther west.

At Howell's, three-quarters of a mile farther west, the coal is sixteen to
twenty-two inches thick.

An analysis of Howell's coal by Mr Chauvenet, gives: —

Water " 8.05

Volatile 41.85

Fixed carbon 45 . 80

Ash 4.30

Color of ask white.

Sp. gravity 1 . 257

Sulphur 2.702

A half mile farther west the above rocks are found lower in the bluffs,
with the upper beds exposed, thus: —
Section 174.
No. 1 — Slope.
2 — 15 feet drab, sandv shales.

*If local narnes of coal banks, mentioned in this chapter, have been changed, the intel-
ligent reader will, no doubt, remember their locality from the names here used; and will
understand, at all events, that only Ray county coal is referred to.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 463

3 — 5 feet mostly smooth, red shales, a part sometimes green.

4 — 6 inches nodular limestone; fossils.

5 — 3 feet green shales.

6 — Limestone equivalent to No. 15, of Lexington section.

7 — 25 feet to Missouri bottoms.

One mile west of this, the limestone equivalent to section 173, No. 4,
(21 of Lexington section), was observed ten feet above the bottoms, indi-
cating the position of the Lexington coal just two feet below the line of
their surface.

At Smith's mill, three miles northeast of Richmond, the Lexington
coal is reached in a shaft forty feet in depth. Its place is near the level
of water in Crooked river, at Searcy's and Harberson's.

ANLYSIS OF SMITH'S COAL.

Water 10.05

Volatile 38.45

Fixed carbon 45 . 40

Ash 6 . 00

Color of ash white

Sp. gravity 1 . 249

Sulphur 2.41

Limestone No. 25, which forms the roof of the coal, is seen at many
places on Crooked river, northeast of Richmond, and along the stream to
two miles northwest of Richmond. The following (section 176), illustra-
ting the rocks above the coal, was observed two miles north of Rich-
mond, on Crooked river.

No. 1. — 3 feet limestone, containing Fusulina, Prodacti, Crinoid stems,
and chatctes milleporaceous.

2. — 7 feet of limestone and shales, divided thus:

a. — 4 inches shales. In upper part hetmpronii.es and chonetes abound.

b. — 4 inches limestone.

c. — 2 inches shales.

d. — 4 inches limestone.

c. — 9 inches shales and nodules of limestone.

f. — \\ feet shales.

g. — 8 inches shales and lenticular forms of limestone.

h. — 3 feet blue shales; in upper part are found Spr. comeratus, P.
punctatus and Athyris.

3. — 4 feet blue limestone ; upper 9 inches shaly.

4. — 6 inches black shales.

5.— Coal.

J. S. Hughes' coal mines are located one mile south of Richmond, on
south-west quarter of section thirty-one, township fifty-two, range twenty-
seven, on line of St. Joseph branch of Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific rail-
way. Their shaft is ninety-five feet deep from the surface. From the bot-

461 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

torn, entries extend east and west for over five hundred feet, the coal
varying from twenty-two to twenty-eight inches in thickness, including the
top five or six inches of good coal, then one to two and a half inches
dark clay resting on good coal. The overlying bituminous shale is gen-
erally two to four inches thick; only at one place on the river was it
observed one foot thick, ft contains calcareous matter, with some fossil
remains. The underlying clay is one foot to eighteen inches thick, thus
giving a clear space between the cap-rock and bed-rock of four feet
three inches to four feet six inches, or enough room for small mules to
work.

The following is a section of his shaft, which is located on the south-
west quarter of section thirty-one, township fifty-two, range twenty-
seven west:

No. 1. Soil 2 feet.

2. Clay : 12 "

3. Soft sandstone 4 "

4. Blue soapstone 9 "

5. Red shale 16 "

6. Flint (?) and limestone 5 "

7. Soapstone and slate 2 " 6 in.

8. White sandstone 6 "

9. Lime and sandstone 5 "

10. Soapstone 8 "

11. Slate : 2 "

12. Fire clay 2 "

13. Flint rock (is limestone) 5 " 6 in.

14. Shale 3 "

15. Slate 4 "

16. Limestone, dark gray 5 "

17. Slate ...•••• 3 in.

18. Coal (generally two feet) 2 " 3 "

19. Fire clay (six to eight inches) 1 foot, 6 "

Total depth 95 feet.

An analysis of this coal by Mr. Chauvenet, gives: —

Water S . 15

Volatile 37 . 60

Fixed carbon 46 . 35

Ash 7.90

Color of ash light brown

Specific gravity 1 . 328

Sulphur 7 4.17

At the Lawson * mines, on the railroad, two and a

half miles south of Richmond, * * * the coal is taken out
from drifts run in horizontally for several hundred feet. The coal is two
feet thick, with a two inch clay seam five inches from the top. The over-

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 465

lying bituminous shale is about four inches thick, and the under clay one
foot, making quite a limited space between the roof and floor.
An analysis of the coal, by Mr. Chauvenet, gives:

Water 72 . 11

Volatile 30 . 30

Fixed carbon 37 . 30

Ash 9.90

Color of ash grav

The North Missouri mines * * * are at the lower end of
Camden. The shaft is sixty feet deep and the platform sixteen feet above
the railroad track. From the bottom entries are extended in various
directions: 280 yards north, 500 northwest, 190 west, and 100 east. * *
The coal, nineteen to twenty-one inches thick, is black, brilliant, with a
little clay three inches from the top, and a few knife edges of iron pyrites
in the upper part. The lower one inch is shaly, with three inches black
under clay resting on fire-clay. The coal is jointed, with calcite plates in
the joints. In the bed of the ditch below the railroad, opposite the shaft,
are thin beds of limestone, equivalent to No. 23 (three feet shales and thin
beds of limestone abounding in Ch. Smit/mij) and containing Spr. earner-
atus, Pr. costatus, Hemifronites crassus and At Ayr is subtilitd) of Lexington
section, some of them forming very pretty slabs, covered with fossils, viz:
Hemipronites crassus, c/ione/es, -producti, etc. A few feet above it is lime-
stone corresponding to No. 21 of Lexington section; the top of the latter
being twenty-one feet below the mouth of the shaft, indicating the position
of the coal to be quite low.

SECOND RAY COUNTY MINES.

These mines, about one-quarter of a mile above the north Missouri
mines, and also on the railroad, are owned by Thomas Collins. The
shaft is fifty feet deep. From the top of the shaft to the railroad track is
twenty feet. The driftings extend far into the hill. Intersecting them is
a passage for ventilation, which terminates at an air shaft near the main
shaft, and seems to give thorough ventilation. Coal measured at various
places in these mines was eighteen, twenty-two, twenty-three and twenty-
four inches; average, about twenty-three. From one to one and one-half
feet of bituminous shales on top, and one to two feet of fire-clay beneath ;
an average of about four and a half feet between bed-rock and cap-rock.
The height of main entry is four feet near its mouth, and farther in, three
feet. Cap-rock, seven to eight feet thick. A very fair coke was made
from Collins' coal, of which the following is the analysis by Mr. Chau-
venet:

Water 3 . 25

Volatile . 4.85

Fixed Carbon 83 . 37

Ash 8.50

466 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

The shafts at Camden are sunk from a terrace on the hillside. A
quarter of a mile above Collins' mines, the Lexington coal is seen, near
the grade of the railroad, having risen thirty feet from Collins' shaft.
This may explain the fact of more water being in the north Missouri
mines than in the second Ray county mines, the water passing between
the eastward dipping strata, from the second Ray county to the north
Missouri mines.

A little farther west, I observed cropping out in a gully, nine feet nine
inches below the railroad, three feet of ash blue limestone, referable to
No. 32 (fifteen inches limestone; pyritiferous ; color blue; hard; one bed;
shelly on top; contains small univalves on the surface,) of Lexington
section, and resting on four feet of slate and shale, with six inches of coal
below. One hundred and fifty feet west, the coal is five feet above the
railroad, and for the next three hundred feet the rise is four feet. A
quarter of a mile west of Camden the rocks dip about one in twelve.

Eight hundred and twenty feet farther, a shaft sunk forty feet struck
limestone, No. 21 of Lexington section, indicating a dip of fifty-eight feet
in eight hundred and twenty feet, or one to fourteen.

SWANWICK SHAFT.

The shaft of Thomas Huyson is eighty-six feet deep to top of coal, of
which he furnishes me the following:

( No. 1 — Surface.
46 feet. { No. 2 — Shaly sandstone, red, blue and gray.
( No. 3 — 16 feet of red shales.

f No. 4 — 6 feet being layers of sandstone separated by soft blue
I clay.

j No. 5—22 feet blue slate.
| No. 6 — 4£ feet rock (reported flint).

40 feet J No' 7— 3 feet blue cla>''

' j No. 8 — 4 to 5 feet impure limestone.

j No. 9 — 20 inches to 2 feet coal.

j No. 10 — 6 to 18 inches under clay.

I No. 11 — 6 to 8 feet hard limstone.

The slate over the coal is almost entirely wanting here; the limestone
generally resting directly on the coal, but the under-clay correspondingly
thickens — a fortunate provision of nature — as,o therwise there would not
be room enough to mine. The section from hill top here is the following:

No. 1 — 5 feet slope.

No. 2 — 4 feet limestone, weathering brown, and ringing under the ham-
mer; mntains Athyris, Spr. camera/ us, chatctes millcporaceus and Crinoid
stems.

No. 3 — 8 feet slope.

No. 4 — 2 feet of rough, nodular limestone; weathers with a ferrugin-
ous crust, and contains many remains of fossils.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 467

No. 5. — 124 feet sloping gently to top of shaft.

Around the hill and associated with limestone (probably the same as
No. 4), I found amber-colored crystals of heavy spar; also a little iron
ore. In the limestone I observed Spr. Kentuckensis and Sfr. /meatus.

Section 178 is seen one mile northwest of Richmond.

No. 1 — 3 feet bluish-drab, rough looking limestone, weathering drab.

No. 2 — 8 feet slope.

No. 3 — Tumbled masses of fine-grained, dove-colored limestone.

No. 4 — 100 feet. Less than 40 feet below the top abounds soft brown
sandstone. At 50 feet are tumbled masses of gray limestone.

No. 5 — Red shales.

No. 6 — About 45 feet to the Lexington coal.

The upper members of the section can be compared with the Swan-
wick section.

An analysis of the Swan wick coal by Mr. Chauvenet, gives:

TOP. MIDDLE. BOTTOM.

Water 10.00 12.55 11.20

Volatile 37.85 37.05 38.50

Fixed carbon 48.30 46.65 46.70

Ash '3.85 5.75 3.60

Color of ash — light brown, white, nearlv white.

The Swanwick coal is remarkable for a large percentage of water. It
does not coke well.

Ash-blue limestone, which mav be hydraulic, abounds two miles north-
east of Richmond, and similar rocks are found at most of the coal banks
near Richmond and Camden.

Paint Stuffs. — About fifty feet above the Lexington coal in Lafayette
and Ray counties is found about five or six feet of light-red shales
streaked with green; and also at Lexington, at several places near Rich-
mond, and on the Missouri bluffs near the east countv line of Ray county.
The above are pure red ochre clays and will make a good dark-red paint.

At Hughes' mines, near Richmond, sulphuret of zinc occurs in limestone
overlying the coal.

The south and east boundary of the upper coal measures is as follows:
Entering the state near the southwest part of Cass county, passing east-
wardly, near Harrisonville, thence, northeast across the mounds between
Big Creek and Camp branch, thence northeast to the middle of township
forty-six, range twenty-nine, thence north to Chapel Hill in Lafayette
county, thence via Oak Grove and Pink Hill, Jackson county, to Blue
Mills or Owens landing on the Missouri river. Crossing the river the
line passes down to the vicinity of Albany, Ray county, thence it trends
off to the north part of Ray county and the line of Caldwell and Living-
stone counties, thence northwardly along the ridge on the west side of

468 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

the east fork of Grand river to the line of Grundy and Mercer counties,
and thence northwardly to the Iowa state line.

There are several other coal mines in the county, of which we have
been unable to obtain an account. Among them, we mention a new mine
of J. S. Hughes & Co. on St. Joseph branch of the Wabash, St. Louis and
Pacific; and the shaft of J. W. Shotwell & Co., on same railroad, in the
suburbs of Richmond, sunk in the fall of 1880.

INCIDENTS.

In one (November) day Holland Vanderpool killed five deer. It was
near Crooked river; he dragged them one by one to that stream; made a
bark canoe, and floated them home.

In addition to the mortar and pestle, mentioned in another place, corn
was reduced to meal by means of a handmill, made by the settlers, as fol-
lows: A circular stone was placed on anothee similar stone, except that
the latter, called the "bed rock," was smooth. Through a small hole in
the center of the upper stone, the corn was dropped, one grain at a time.
A lever, four to six feet in length, was inserted into a cavity in the edge
of the rock. By means of this lever the stone was turned and the corn
ground. The nether mill-stone was stationary.

In the course of time horse power was used for operating the mill; and
this was considered a wonderful advance in the matter of making bread-
stuff.

The mill just described antedates any other in the settlement, and for a
long time was the only " mill " in use.

Winnat Vanderpool had a pet bear and a pet panther which played in
the yard and were fondled by the children.

On the present site of Richmond, one day, in the year 1818, Winant
Vanderpool and John Stone killed five bears.

Isaac Martin built the first horse mill; and the first brick house erected
in Ray county was built by Jonathan Keeney, at Albany.

Store bills were paid off with wild honey, beeswax, coon, deer, otter
and other skins of wild animals. Taxes were paid with fox and wolf
scalps.

Soon after Richmond was founded, Billy Bales, a new-comer, went to
Richmond and told Charles Morehead, a merchant, that he wanted to
buy some honey; and in reply to the question, "What is it worth?" was
answered, " Twenty-five cents a gallon." " I'll take all you got," rejoined

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 469

Bales. He was invited into the cellar, where, on finding 2,000 gallons, he
said, "I only want a keg!"

The day after Holland Vanderpool was married, he and his wife rode
horseback to Richmond to get their household goods. From a merchant
named Slothard they purchased the necessary supply, and started home.
Mr. V. carried the table-ware in a bucket, placed on the horse in front of
him. When just out of town, the toe of Mr. V.'s horse striking a root,
the. animal fell; the rider and the dishes went over his head; the former
was bruised; the latter broken to pieces.

Mr. V. lived in a log hut with one room; the latch-string hung on the
outside, and at his hovel

"The richest were poor, and the poorest dwelt in abundance."

People were very neighborly in those days, and visited each other fre-
quently. Visitors and all slept on the floor.

One night Mr. Vanderpool and his wife were alone in their cabin. The
former was asleep on the loom bench; the latter busy at her wheel. Mr.
V. was suddenly awakened by his wife, who, greatly frightened, said a
bear was trying to get into the house; that she had seen its paw through
the latch-hole in the door. Mr. V., taking his gun and a butcher-knife in
hand, opened the door — to be greeted by a negro woman, who, fleeing
from her master, Jere Crowley, sought shelter from the snow storm.
The weather was very cold and the snow deep. The woman's clothes
w7ere frozen stiff. Mr. Crowley was not the least unkind to the negress;
she had a mania for running away.

The pioneer was a hard worker. He had to fell huge trees; clear his
land, maul rails, built fences. Wives made their husbands pads of feathers
to wear on the shoulders while carrying green rails and heavy timbers.

Sometimes crops were raised without having been fenced; corn, cotton,
pumpkins, oats and watermelons were cultivated on the open prairie.

In the year 1822, a man from New England, who was engaged in buy-
ing furs, pelts, etc., from citizens of Ray county, for which he exchanged
pins and needles, became enamored of a fair, bucolic damsel, living in the
vicinity of the present town of Hardin. The Yankee sought and won the
maiden's hand and heart. At the appointed time, the nuptial knot was tied
by an old man, who was a justice of the peace. After the ceremony, the
"coon skin man" — as the peddler was called — paid the justice for his
trouble in fins and needles, and the twain, made one, went on their way
rejoicing.

Ever afterward, the justice was known as the "pin and needle 'squire."

470 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

MURDER OF DORCAS CLEAVENGER.

It were more welcome reading if a complete series of historical events,
pertaining to our county, contained no reminiscences melancholy in their
nature. But, it is the province of history to relate every true story; and
it becomes the annalist's duty, anon, to fill the interstices between agreea-
ble recitals with naratives of more solemn interest.

On, Sunday night, May 28, 1837, was perpetrated a nameless crime and
the most atrocious murder ever committed in Ray county.

The victim was a Mrs. Dorcas Cleavenger, an amiable, inoffensive lady,
the wife of William Cleavenger, who, it will be remembered, was one of
the first settlers in Fishing river bottoms; the perpetrators were two
fiends incarnate, named Ish and Henry, slaves respectively of Richard
Cleavenger and Abraham Froman.

On the afternoon of the day mentioned — Sabbath as it was — Mr.
Cleavenger went fishing, leaving his wife and two little children, aged
three and five, alone at the house.

Mr. C. did not return home until late at night. The stillness of the mid-
night hour breathed not a whisper of the horrible disclosure awaiting him.
He approached the door, pulled the latch-string, and passed the threshold,
little knowing that he was entering the chamber of death! Silence pre-
vailed. The little innocents, nestled closely at their mother's side — three
cheeks pressing the same pillow — were wrapped in the happy uncon-
sciousness of sleep; and so was the mother — but not to wake again on
earth. The room was dark. The husband called to his wife, speaking
her name, but receiving no response, stepped to the bed-side, and, doubt-
less rebuking himself for having stayed away so long, tenderly placed his
hand on her brow; it was pulseless, and cold as marble! He again vainly
called, and then, thoroughly alarmed, kindled a light in the fire-place.
The blazing fagots threw a ghastly glamour on the pale face of a mur-
dered woman — the mother of his children — she who had been the life of
his life and the soul of his soul. There in the dismal glare of a waning
light, the poor man stood — wifeless; and motionless with unspeakable woe.

After awhile the heart-broken husband left the 'dead, and the uncon-
scious living, alone, till he could go to the house of his father, happily liv-
ing not far away, and make known his sad discovery.

The father and other members of the family, on receiving the informa-
tion, repaired to the house in which the dead woman lay.

The neighbors assembled early next morning to ascertain the cause of
Mrs. Cleavenger's death. The coroner was notified. He empanneled a
jury, and such proceedings were had as are common in cases of mysterious
death.

The jury, after having made some inquiry, but without, it appears, a

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 471

thorough examination, adopted a verdict that " Mrs. Cleavenger came to
her death by an attack of apoplexy."

The same (Monday) evening Mrs. C. was buried, but the people were
not satisfied with the result of the coroner's inquest. Dr. Mallet, a physi-
cian of the neighborhood, felt assured, upon post mortem examination,
that death was not caused by apoplexy. Suspicion was rife that the
unfortunate lady had been murdered, and the whole community set about
to find the murderer or murderers.

Ish, a man of color, owned by Richard Cleavenger, father of the
bereaved husband, was suspected. A party of men, armed with guns>
went to the house of the slave's master, and demanded to see the former.

Ish was brought forth, and in reply to questions, answered, with con-
siderable trepidation: That Froman's Henry had come to him, and asked
him to go with the former to William Hill's, a neighbor; that he assented,
and on the way to Mr Hill's, Henry told him (Ish) that he (Henry) had
killed Dorcas Cleavenger, and wanted Ish to go and help him (Henry) to
put her on the bed. Blood was found on Ish's coat sleeve; and in reply
to the question how it came there, he said it was the blood of Dorcas
Cleavenger; that he had no other chance to get it. Ish claimed that he
had no hand in killing his " Miss Dorky," but confessed that he helped
Froman's Henry to put her to bed, and stated further, Froman's Henry
had killed her.

Ish, however, implicated himself before the interview ended, and he and
Henry were arrested.

Their preliminary trial was held June 1st, before justices of the peace,
James Dickie and John Dozier. As a result, the negroes were incarce-
rated at Richmond, to await the July term of the circuit court.

The indictment found against the culprits at that term, will complete
the story, and it is subjoined, as well on account of the quaintness of the
document, as of its bearing in this case:

State of Missouri, Ray County.

In the Circuit Court, July term, eighteen hundred and thirty-seven; Ray
county, to-wit :

The grand jurors for the state of Missouri, for the body of the county
of Ray, aforesaid, upon their oaths, do present:

That Ish and Henry, late of said county of Ray, men of color, and
slaves, the said Ish the property of Richard Cleavenger, of said county,
and the said Henry, the property of Abraham Froman, of said county,
not having the fear of God belore their eyes, but being moved and seduced
by the instigation of the devil, on the twenty-eighth day of May, in the
year of our Lord eighteen hundred and thirty-seven, with force and arms,
at the county of Ray, aforesaid, in and upon one Dorcas Cleavenger, in
the peace of God, and of the state of Missouri, then and there being,
feloniously, wilfully, and of their malice aforethought, did make an assault ;
and that they, said Ish and Henry, with both the hands of each of them,

472 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

said Ish and Henry, about the neck and throat of her, the said Dorcas
Cleavenger, then and there, feloniously, wilfully, and of their malice afore-
thought, did fix and fasten, and that they, said Ish and Henry, with both
the hands of each of them, said Ish and Henry, so, as aforesaid, fixed and
fastened about the neck and throat of her, the said Dorcas Cleavenger,
then and there did violently squeeze and press; and that the said Ish and
Henrv, also, then and there feloniously, wilfully, and of their malice afore-
thought, with both the hands of each of them, said Ish and Henry, threw
the said Dorcas Cleavenger down to and upon the ground, and then and
there they, the said Ish and Henry, feloniously, wilfully, and of their mal-
ice aforethought, jumped and pitched their knees in and upon the belly of
the said Dorcas Cleavenger, giving to her, the said Dorcas Clavenger,
then and there, by jumping and pitching their knees in and upon the belly
of the said Dorcas Cleavenger, as aforesaid, one mortal bruise; as well
of which said squeezing and pressing of the neck and throat of her, the
said Dorcas Cleavenger, with both the handsof each of them, said Ish
and Henry, as aforoesaid, as all of the jumping and pitching of the said
Ish and Henry, in and upon the belly of the said Dorcas Cleavenger, as
aforesaid, she, the said Dorcas Cleavenger, then and there instantly died.
And so the jurors aforesaid, upon their oath aforesaid, do say that the
said Ish and Henry, her, the said Dorcas Cleavenger, in manner and by
the means aforesaid, feloniously, wilfully, and of their malice aforethought,
did then and there kill and murder. Against the form of the statute, in
such case made and provided, and against the peace and dignity of the
state.

T. C. Burch, Circuit Attorney.
And the jurors aforesaid, upon their oaths aforesaid, do further present:
That Ish, late of said county of Ray, a person of color, and a slave,
the property of Richard Cleavenger, of said county of Ray; and Henry,
late of said county of Ray, a person of color, and a slave, the property of
Abraham Froman, of said county, not having the fear of God before their
eyes, but being moved and seduced by the instigation of the devil, on the
twenty-eighth day of May, in the year of our Lord eighteen hundred and
thirty-seven, with force and arms, at the county of Ray, aforesaid, in and
upon one Dorcas Cleavenger, in the peace of God and the state of Mis-
souri, then and there being, feloniously, wilfully, and of their malice afore-
thought, did make and assault, and that the said Ish, his left hand about
the neck and throat of said Dorcas Cleavenger, then and there, felon-
iously, wilfully, and of his malice aforethought, did fix and fasten, and that
he, said Ish, with his left hand, so as aforesaid, fixed and fastened about
the neck and throat of her, said Dorcas Cleavenger, then and there did
violently, feloniously, wilfully, and of his malice aforethought, squeeze and
press; and that the said Ish also then and there feloniously, wilfully, and
of his malice aforethought, jumped and plunged the right knee of him,
said Ish, in and upon the belly of the said Dorcas Cleavenger, giving to
her, said Dorcas Cleavenger, then and there, bv jumping and plunging
his, said Ish's, right knee in and upon the belly of the said Dorcas, as
aforesaid, one mortal bruise, as well of which said squeezing and pressing
of the neck and throat of said Dorcas Cleavenger, with the left hand of
the said Ish, as last aforesaid, as also of the jumping and plunging of the
right knee of said Ish in and upon the belly of said Dorcas Cleavenger,

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 473

as last aforesaid, she, the said Dorcas Cleavenger, then and there instantly
died; and that the said Henry, at the time of committing the felony and
murder last aforesaid, in manner aforesaid, feloniously, wilfully, and of his
malice aforethought, was present, aiding, helping, abetting, comforting,
assisting, and maintaining the said Ish in the felony and murder last afore-
said, in manner and form last aforesaid, to do, commit and perpetrate.

And so the jurors aforesaid, upon their oath aforesaid, do say that the
said Ish and Henry, her, the said Dorcas Cleavenger, in the manner and
by the means last aforesaid, feloniously, wilfully, and of their malice afore-
thought, did then and there kill and murder. Against the form of the
statute in such case made and provided, and against the peace and dignity
of the state.

T. C. Burch, Circuit Attorney.

The above indictment was returned a "true bill," July 10, 1837. On
that day Ish and Henry were led into court, and having no counsel, Alex.
W. Doniphan, William T. Wood and Eldridge Benner were appointed to
defend them. Amos Rees was appointed to assist in the prosecution.

July 11th, the prisoners appeared in court, and being ready for trial the
same proceeded.

After hearing all the evidence in the case, the jury — Joseph Ewing,

Samuel McCuistion, Abraham Linville, Harry Lile, William T. Tisdale,

John H. Smith, Henry Clarke, Reuben Holman, Henry Hill, Albert

Snowden, Allen Ball and Samuel Boon — retired, consulted, and returned

with the following verdict, endorsed on the bill of indictment:

We, of the jury, find the defendants guilty in manner and form, as
charged in the within indictment.

Joseph Ewing, Foreman.

Thereupon, the court ordered and adjudged that the said defendants be
remanded back to the jail of this county, there to remain in close confine-
ment until Friday, the 11th day of August next, and on that day, between
the hours of ten o'clock in the forenoon and three o'clock in the after-
noon, they be taken from thence to a gallows, to be erected for the pur-
pose at some convenient place, within one-half mile of the town of Rich-
mond, there to be hung by the neck until each of them are dead; and
that the sheriff of this county carry the foregoing into execution.

At the designated time and place, Ish and Henry were duly hanged by
the neck until they were dead — Hardy Holman, sheriff, being the
executioner.

Ish and Henry were the first to be convicted of murder, and theirs was
the first public execution in the county.

The writer inadvertently omitted to state in the proper place, that the
scene of the murder just narrated, was near what is now the site of Fred-
ericksburg, or New Garden post office, in Fishing River township.

474 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

UNLAWFUL HOMICIDE.

The first unlawful homicide was committed at or near Buffalo bridge,
on Crooked river, in the year 1823, by one Love Snowden, a desperate
character of untamed disposition, the brutal propensities of whose nature
overwhelmed the promptings of a decent manhood.

The citizens of the neighborhood had met for social pastime, near the
bridge above mentioned. A quarrel began between Snowden and a
neighbor, named Woods. Persons gathered around the parties in order
to quell the disturbance. The difficulty was, apparently, amicably settled,
and the two men shook hands in token of peace. Every body thought
the affair at an end, and for a while all went as smoothly as if nothing
had occurred to mar the enjoyment of the occasion. But the fiendish
fire of Snowden's nature was not permitted to smolder; it continued to
rankle, till, in a moment of violent rage, he plunged a knife to the hilt in
the breast of the unwary, unfortunate Woods, inflicting a wound of which
he expired in a few moments.

Snowden was subsequently apprehended and placed in jail. His case
came up for trial at the July term, 1824, of the circuit court; a change
of venue to Lillard (Lafayette) county was granted.

Afterwards, however, he was brought before the judge of the Ray
circuit court, on a writ of habeas corpus, directed to the sheriff of Lillard
county.

Appearing in court, Snowden plead not guilty, and for trial, put him-
self on God and his country.

For want of sufficient evidence, he was acquitted under the law of the
land; but whether in the eyes of his countrymen and his God, is quite
another matter.

The early records of the circuit court show that Love Snowden was
arraigned before that tribunal no less than thirty times, within little more
than three years, variously charged with assault and battery, stabbing,
disturbing the peace, and finally with murder — after which his name dis-
appears from the records.

At the close of the trial alluded to, Snowden went immediately to the
house of his father, with whom the former's wife had been staying. The
father and son became involved in a quarrel over a saddle, which the latter
claimed belonged to his wife. The old man refused to give up the saddle,
and the younger Snowden in order to get possession of it, brutally
belabored his aged father. After this unfilial attack, Love Snowden left
the community, to the delight, not only of the public in general, but even
of his kindred, and has never been heard of since.

About the year 1838, the Mormons began to infest the country; and
after numerous skirmishes and affrays had occurred in Jackson, Clay,

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 475

Caldwell and other counties, together with theft, arson and robbery, com-
mitted by the Mormons, the people became exasperated and resolved to
expel the intruders from the community.

In October, 1838, a portion of a company of " minute men " commanded
by Captain Samuel Bogart, having heard that a body of Mormons was
camped near the northern line of Ray county, on Crooked river, deter-
mined to meet, and, if possible drive them back.

On the afternoon of October 24, Captain Bogart and his followers,
marched to the neighborhood of the Mormon headquarters, and camped
for the night on the river bank. All was quiet till about day-light the
next morning, when the pickets of the " minute men " fired upon an
approaching column of Mormon " saints," and retreated to camp.

Captain Bogart sent out two of his men to reconnoiter, with a view to
ascertaining the strength of the enemy. Having found that the Mormons
numbered about two hundred and fifty, and there being only forty-seven
of the " minute men," the latter commenced a retreat under fire, which
continued thirty minutes.

The " minute men " lost one killed — Moses Rowland. Samuel Tar-
water and Thomas H. Lloyd were left on the battlefield for dead; they
survived, however, and are still living — April, 1881. Two men, Edwin
Odell, shot in the arm, and James Lockhart in the hip, were wounded.

Wyatt Craven was taken prisoner by the Mormons, but after taking
him with them about twelve miles, he was released, and commanded to
go in a certain direction. Fearing they meant him some further mischief,
he darted oft in a direction opposite to the one he was ordered to follow.
A Mormon, in ambush, called to him to halt, but Craven only ran the
faster. The Mormon fired upon him, inflicting a slight wound, but he
escaped.

R. L. McCoskrie was in the engagement. A ball passed through his
clothing.

In another part of this work will be found the statement that the first
death by violence in the county, of which an official took cognizance, was
that of James Buchanan. We here state that at the time of losing his life,
Buchanan was alone in the woods. A hunter, coming along, chanced to
descry him in a thicket of tangled undergrowth, and, mistaking him for a
bear, fired and killed him. The accident occurred in the month of August,
1823.

A man named Lard and wife had raised to the age of ten a bright and
attractive little girl, whose mother was dead. They were tenderly devoted
to the child, and the latter, in turn, was warmly attached to its foster-
parents. The child's father^ a man of low character, besides being quite

476 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

indigent, lived in the neighborhood. Envying Lard and wife the happi-
ness the little one afforded them, he demanded its possession, and threat-
ened violence if the child was not returned to him. In taking the child
to their home — upon the loss of its best friend on earth — its protectors
were actuated by the purest motives of sympathy and humanity; they
had learned to love the little orphan, and were unwilling to part with it.
Fearing the father's threats would be put into execution, they determined
to escape with the child to the south side of the Missouri; and at dusk
one evening they, with old Mr. and Mrs. Wallace (Mrs. Lard's parents),
entered a covered wagon and started southward. They reached the
river, opposite Lexington, about midnight. The ferryman's hut was
hard by; he was aroused, but at first refused to attempt to cross the river,
as the water was high and the current swift; he portrayed the danger of
the undertaking, and protested that he could not row them over — but
Lard's story excited the ferryman's sympathy, and he consented to go.
The summer night was calm and clear, yet lonely. The moon and stars
were aglow in the heavens, and their lambent light, kissing the current's
face, touched it to ripples of silver. The prow of the little flat-boat was
drawn against the shore; the murmuring waters uttered a solemn warn-
ing, but the trembling little band, half heeding, half heedless, stepped
aboard. Old Mr. and Mrs. Wallace sat in the wagon, which, with the
horses attached, stood in the middle of the boat.

The dauntless ferryman hove anchor, and pushed out on the turbulent
torrent. The party had proceeded some distance, when the boat, becom-
ing unmanageable, was borne down by the strong current, and finally
overturned. All went down — old Mrs. Wallace to rise no more, alive. Lard
seized the little girl, swam with her to land, and heroically returned to the res-
cue of his wife, but met the ferryman gallantly swimming ashore, bearing
the lady on his back; she was saved. Neither of the horses, nor the wagon
was even seen again. The party, safe on land, bewailed the aged couple,
supposing them both "beneath the wave; " but about two o'clock next day,
old man Wallace was observed about three miles below the ferry, far out
in the stream, clinging to a " sawyer," and partaking, of course, of its
ceaseless upward and downward motion, a ride he had enjoyed for several
hours, having for a saddle a large feather bed; for, when reached by the
rescuer, it was found that in clasping the log, the old man's arm's also
passed around the aforementioned article of household furniture.

Subsequently, on a less hazardous occasion, Lard, his wife, and the
little girl, were rowed to the Lafayette shore.

Wallace was a man of seventy winters. His remaining years were
therefore few. What became of him, the writer has not been informed.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 477

DEATH AT A THRESHING MACHINE.

July 10, 1880, Messrs. Wolf aad Youngblood were running a threshing
machine on the farm of Mr. Wolf, in township fifty-two, range twenty-nine.
A young man named Andrew Pollard, was employed by the proprietor
as driver, and while the machine was in rapid motion, under full power,
he stepped from his place where he was driving, to tighten a tap at the
front boxing of the line shaft. The shaft was about eight inches above the
ground, and Mr. Pollard stepped backward so near it, that the protruding
bolt from the ring coupling caught in the strap of his boot. He was
thrown to the ground with great violence, and revolved with the shaft
many times, as the power was very high, and the machine could not be
readily stopped. He was, of course, instantly killed, his body being hor-
ribly crushed and mangled.

Andrew Pollard was the son of Humphrey Pollard, Esq., and his death
was not only an irreparable loss to his family, but a misfortune to the
community, as he was an industrious, promising and honorable young
man. He left to mourn his untimely death an amiable and affectionate
young wife and three little children.

BLOODY TRAGEDY.

Christmas night, 1874, two men were together, one at his home near
New Garden P. O., in Fishing River township, the other his visitor.
They were having a good time together, partaking quite freely of strong
drink, when, seeing, doubtless, that the tipplers were becoming too much
intoxicated, a member of the host's family hid the jug containing what
remained of the liquor; whereupon the other made some remark, expres-
sive of what he would do in the event his wife or children should dare to
hide his jug. This remark excited a quarrel and the two men began cut-
ting each other with terrible effect, and continued till, from sheer exhaus-
tion and loss of blood, they fell over on the bed. The wounds of one
proved mortal, while the other recovered.

It is not intended to give the remote origin of the above tragedy, nor to
rest blame on either combatant, but simply to recite an instance of the
many unfortunate results, growing out of the use of ardent spirits.

The following list of homicides, committed in Hardin, was furnished us
by Captain Thomas McGinnis, ex-sheriff of Ray county, and at one time
a justice of the peace in Hardin, viz:

In 1856, James Hall was killed by Milton Farris, who stabbed the
former to death with a knife.

Love Snowden (relative of the Love Snowden mentioned elsewhere in
this work), was shot by the Union soldiers, in 1862.

In 1872, Burton Snowden was killed by one Sam White.

In 1869, Michael Vaha was stabbed to death by one Dick Brady.

478 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

On the 24th day of June, A D. 1876, Richard Reeves and William
Witcher lost their lives at the hands of a dastardly assassin, named Brice,
who stabbed them with a knife. (Brice was apprehended and hanged by
the outraged citizens the same night.)

William Dawson, in April, 1871, was killed by William Webster.

In 1871, Thomas P. Campbell severed the throat of James Smith, with
a knife.

It should be stated that most of the affrays above recited, were between
men of extremely low character. Many of them were transients — tie
choppers. Hardin is now a quiet, peaceable and progressive town.

OVERFLOWS OF THE MISSOURI RIVER.

A memorable overflow of the Missouri river occurred in 1827. All the
bottom lands in Ray county were overflowed, forcing the people to
abandon their homes, and seek safety on the higher ground farther to in-
land. Several houses were washed away and considerable damage was
done to stock, fencing and farm lands. But on the 14th, 15th and 16th
days of June, 1844, took place the greatest and most distressing overflow
of the Missouri river, known to the memory of any living man. Millions
of property was destroyed, human lives lost, and untold personal suffering
engendered. The bottom lands of this county were entirely inundated,
buildings of every kind were swept away, stock killed, and plantations
laid waste.

The crops of that season were well advanced, and promised a glorious
harvest. Vast fields of wheat, oats, rye, and corn were submerged, and
the water receded to leave them a desolate waste. Great suffering neces-
sarily followed. The corn in the bottoms was especially luxuriant, and
many persons were dependent upon the successful cultivation of that
staple for a living. When it was destroyed their only resource for the
necessities of life was the charity of the people.

No lives were lost in Ray county, but no other disaster, before nor
since, has been so destructive of property.

April, 1881, will long be remembered as the month of another great
and devastating overflow of the Missouri. The rise of 1881 was at an
unusual time, being about six weeks earlier than the annual June rise.

In 1844 the tributaries to the Missouri were all greatly swollen, and, of
course, helped to swell the vast volume of water. This was not the case
in 1881, and accounts for the fact that in the latter year, above the mouth
of the Kansas river, the volume of water was considerably greater than
it was in 1844, and below that point much less.

As in the case of the two former rises mentioned, the bottom lands
were ail under water, and a great deal of damage done, but crops had not
been planted. Very little preparation of the soil to receive the seed, had

HISTORY OF RAV COUNTY. 479

been made, and as the flood began to recede after about three days, the
land became dry in time to be plowed and cultivated in the usual way the
ensuing season.

The bottom lands of Ray county are very seldom overflowed, and, in
point of fertility and depth of soil cannot be excelled.

About twenty-seven years ago, Captain Thomas McGinnis forded the
Missouri river, horseback, without getting wet, a short distance below
Lexington and in sight of that town. The act was witnessed by about
thirty persons, standing on the river bank. The water was very low, of
course, lower perhaps than any person, now living, will remember to have
seen it at any other time.

Captain McGinnis is doubtless the only man in this part of the state
who ever forded the Missouri river, so low down as Lexington.

PETRIFIED STUMP.

On the premises of D. C. Noftsinger, of Tinney's Grove, is a petrified
stump, found in 1S58, northeast of Tinney's Grove, in section one, town-
ship fifty-four, range twenty-six.

The stump is about two and a half feet in height, and perhaps three
feet in diameter. The roots are not yet entirely petrified, and will weigh
doubtless five hundred pounds. Every growth of the timber is plainly
visible, as also are the marks of the axe, made in severing the trunk; and
in places indications of the inside bark still remain.

The petrifaction is of a Whitish gray color, very hard and flinty, and
will strike fire readily.

There was also found in 1847, on section fourteen, same township and
range, portions of a petrified tree, in pieces from one foot to four feet in
length, and about one foot in diameter. They are of the same color as
the petrified stump, and are also very hard and flinty.

HOMICIDES.

In March, 1841, a man named Martin Adams was killed on Main
street, in Richmond, near Darneal's store, at the southwest corner of the
public square. He met his death at the hands of one Ben White. It was
late in the afternoon, and White stood in the street holding his horse, pre-
paratory to starting for his home at Elkhorn. Adams was hard by.
Gentlemen remarked the wild and infuriated visage of White, and told
the sheriff, Colonel Brown, who was standing near, that he had better
arrest him. Whereupon, hearing the caution, White begged to be
searched, declaring himself unarmed.

Some words of altercation then passed between White and Adams,
when the former threw a rock at the latter, and immediately ran toward
him, drawing, as he ran, a large butcher-knife from a scabbard, con-

480 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

cealed about his person, with which he stabbed Adams seventeen times,
inflicting ghastly wounds and causing his death almost instantly.

The deed was committed in the presence of citizens, whom the homi-
cide kept at bay, flourishing his weapon and threatening violence to any
who should dare to approach him. He continued to stab the prostrate
and helpless Adams, till a gentleman from the crowd struck him on the
back of the neck with a large rock, at which he rose with all the rage of
an infuriated demon, and demanded to know who struck him; no one
responded. Brandishing his bloody weapon in the air, and uttering oaths
and threats, he defied arrest, till the intrepid Alexander Harwood, who
carried a sword-cane, stepped in front of him, with weapon drawn, and
commanded him to surrender, or be pierced through and through.
Then, for the first time, White seemed to realize the enormity of what he
had done, and was seized by the passion of fear. Trembling in everv
muscle, the butcher-knife fell from his nerveless hands, and he quietly
submitted to arrest.

White was a shoe maker and lived in Elkhorn; Adams was a farmer,
residing in the neighborhood of that village. They had previously had
a fight at Elkhorn, and in the breast of each rankled the spirit of revenge.

On the evening of the homicide, both men had been in Richmond
throughout the day. Adams, it is said, followed after White, insisting
that they should " fight it out," while the latter, professing a desire to
avoid further difficulty, but really, it was believed, watching an opportu-
nity to gain an advantage, told his pursuer to keep away from him, as he
did not wish to " fight."

White was tried, condemned and hanged; and this was the last legal
execution in Ray county.

James Robinson was killed in the streets of Richmond about the year
1844, by one William Balser. A quarrel arose in a crowd near where
the Wasson House now stands, in which a rough, named Tanner, was
the most conspicuous participant. He was, however, a notorious cowardf
and upon his refusal to fight, when a braver man than he, at last, offered
him battle, the crowd gathered around and began jeering him; he then
retreated, followed by the party, among whom were James Robinson and
William Balser, the former preceding the latter in the pursuit. Balser, for
what, or whether for any provocation is unknown, struck Robinson about
the back of the head or neck, either with his fist or open hand; whereupon
the latter turned upon his assailant, and, stabbing him but once in the
abdomen, with a pocket-knife, inflicted a wound, which, in the course of
the ensuing night, proved fatal. For this act, Robinson was sent to the
penitentiary for ten years.

About the year 1855, a man named Wingo was a wagon-maker in

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 481

Richmond. Richard Allen, a worthy and respected farmer, who resided
a few miles southeast of Richmond, was one day riding by the shop of
Wingo, when the latter, with a double-barrelled shot-gun in his hand,
stepped in the street in front of Allen and caused him to halt. Wingo
told Allen he had been talking about him (Wingo) — slandering him — and
commanded him to recant; but the latter denied the accusation, and
Wingo discharged the contents of one barrel of his gun into the head of
the defenseless Allen, making a horrible wound, of which he soon died.
Wingo started to run, but had gone only a short distance when he was
apprehended by a crowd of pursuing citizens. He was taken to jail, and
confined till Judge Dunn called a special term of the circuit court for the
purpose of trying him. On being brought into court, he was asked if he
was ready for trial; he replied that he was not, and also refused to have
any counsel, protesting that he needed none. The sheriff then started to
return him to jail, and upon reaching the outer steps, was overpowered
by a number of citizens, who, forcibly taking Wingo from him, threw a
rope around his neck, and dragged him (part of the way over a newly
macadamized street) on his face and hands, to a place a few hundred
yards north of Colonel Child's present residence. There he was hanged
by the neck to the limb of a tree. It was thought bv some, however,
that life was extinct before he was hung up.

Wingo's body remained dangling in the air till the next morning, when
it was taken down and buried. He was a very quarrelsome, desperate,
and dangerous man, and the community was well rid of him.

In connection with Wingo's seizure by the citizens, the following ludic-
rous incident occurred:

Old man Woolard was a man whom everybody liked, though he had
been somewhat wicked, but he had recently joined the Presbyterian
Church, and his friends observed, with much satisfaction, that he had
completely reformed. Wingo was to Mr. Woolard a source of great
annoyance, having frequently threatened his life, and otherwise caused
him considerable trepidation; in fact, kept him in constant dread. Com-
ing up just as the party were in the act of dragging the culprit from the
court house yard, the old man exclaimed in a loud but trembling voice:
" Boys, if I must swear, hang him, him, hang him /"

VERY UNGENTLEMANLY.

' The first steamboat ascended the Missouri river as far as Council Bluffs,
in September, 1819.

A crowd of curious countrymen, from various parts of our county,
gathered at Old Bluffton, on a Sunday afternoon, to see the boat pass.
Their horses were hitched near the river to limbs of trees and saplings.
In due time the boat came along and paused at Old Bluffton. When

482 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

ready to start, the captain caused the whistle to be blown, at which every
horse took fright, broke loose, and ran away. One irate old gentleman,
whose bridle was broken to pieces, angrily exclaimed: " The captain of that
boat is no gentleman! He's no gentleman! He's a grand scoundrel!
There goes my critter with a brand new bridle that cost me two-and-
thre'pence! He's no gentleman; if he had of been, he'd a called out to
the people: 'Take care ot your critters, men, take care of your critters!
I'm about to blow my whistle!'"

" WHERE IGNORANCE IS BLISS, 'TIS FOLLY TO BE WISE."

The dearborn, a vehicle no longer known by that name, was a kind of
light, four-wheeled carriage, generally covered with white canvas, and
much used by emigrants at an early day; but there lived on "timber
ridge," in this county, a pioneer family, none of whom had ever seen a
dearborn, nor a ship either, though the mother fancied she knew how the
latter looked, and described it to her daughter, a maiden in her teens. One
day a dearborn, covered as above, came in sight of the girl who was in the
yard, whereupon she ran into the house, exclaiming, " Oh, mother,
mother, there's a ship! it's a comin' right here! it's a ship! it's a ship!
look mother, it's a ship! "

VERY LIKELY.

Mr. James Hughes, a worthy and prominent citizen of Richmond, on
one occasion, at an early day, was traveling across the county, probably
on an errand of business, or, it may be of pleasure; at any rate, he
desired to ascertain the hour, and for that purpose called at the house of
a lady, who he happened to know had recently purchased a clock from a
well-known peddler, at that time canvassing the county. Riding up to
the fence, Mr. H. politely inquired — "What time is it madam? " Looking
at the brand new clock, the lady quickly responded — -" Well, I don't
know 'xactly, mister, but it's some whar 'twixt the " strikin's."

STATISTICAL.

At the January term, 1822, of the county court, John Harris, sheriff of

Ray countv, settled with the court as follows:

Dr. Cr.
To amount of fine imposed on Love Snowden by circuit

court at its October term, 1821 $10.00 $

By amount of his account rendered 13.15

Balance in favor of sheriff, $ 3.15

Amount of county tax collected in 1822, by John Scott, collector, $52.88

William Downey, for assessing the county of Ray in 1823,

received $36.00

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 483

Amount of state and county revenue collected in Ray county, for

the year 1823 ..$120.05

County tax collected for the year 1827 . $172.00

November, 1829, William S. Miller, for erecting jail in town of

Richmond, received $378.00

Tax collected in Ray county for the year 1828 $276.30

State and county tax collected in Ray county, for the year 1833. $708,054;

Amount paid for erecting brick court house, in the town of

Richmond, in 1833, $3,350.00

WEALTH.

Valuation of the county per census of 1870 $10,000,000.00

Taxation, 1876— total tax $1.30 per $100.

Taxation, 90 cents per $100; school tax, 40 cents per $100.

INDEBTEDNESS.

Railroad debt $200,000.00

Interest on railroad debt 48,288.00

Bonded debt, exclusive of railroad debt 23,101.38

RAIRLOADS.

Twenty-five miles of track of the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific rail-
road passes through the southern part of the county, traversing southeast
part of township fifty-two, and northwest corner of township fifty-one,
range twenty-six; and township fifty-one, of ranges twenty-seven, twenty-
eight and twenty-nine.

Twenty-eight miles of track of the St. Joseph branch of the Wabash,
St. Louis & Pacific railroad, passes diagonally across the county, from
southeast to northwest, traversing townships fifty-one, fifty-two and fifty-
three, of ranges twenty-seven, twenty-eight and twenty-nine.

EIVE STOCK.

, The number of live-stock in Ray county, in 1876, according to the state
census of that year was:

Horses 7,893

Mules 3,018

Jacks , 45

Jennets 67

Cattle 16,400

Sheep , 11,103

Hogs 43,935

484 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

PRODUCTS.

1876— Bushels of wheat 166,339

Bushels of corn . .2,164,366

Bushels of oats 40,430

Bushels of barley 1,293

Bushels of rye 28,802

Pounds of tobacco 520,896

Pounds of wool : 24,856

Pounds of sugar 3,715

Tons of hay 16,913

Tons of hemp 137

Gallons of whisky j 100

Gallons of wine 800

Gallons of molasses 46,354

ABSTRACT OF ASSESSMENT RETURNS

of Ray county, for the year 1878, of 1879 taxes, as fixed by state board
of equalization:

Lands —

Number of acres 354,683

Valuation $2,632,426

Average per acre 7.42

Town Lots —

Number 3,450

Valuation $ 261,850

Average value per acre 75.89

Total value of real estate 2,894,276

Live Stock —

Horses 8,389

Valuation $ 268,987

Mules 3,S36

Valuation *. $ 147,033

Asses and jennets 5,609

Valuation $ 5,609

Neat cattle 22,098

Valuation $ 276,886

Sheep 14,217

Valuation $ 1 6,565

Hogs 58,278

Valuation $ 101,974

All other live stock

Valuation $ 233

Financial —

Money, bonds and notes $ 620,291

Brokers and exchange dealers 10,000

Corporate companies 12,964

All other personal property 350,790

Total personal property 1,811,332

Total taxable wealth 4,715,608

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 485

ABSTRACT OF ASSESSMENT RETURNS

of Ray county, for the year 1879, for taxes of 1880, as fixe.d by state
board of equalization:

Lands —

Number of acres 355,802

Valuation $2,610,546

Average per acre 7.33

Town Lots —

Number 3,482

Valuation $ 256,002

Average value 82.13

Total value of real estate 2,896,542

Live Stock —

Horses 8,464

Valuation $ 265,360

Mules 3,710

Valuation $ 143,775

Asses and jennets 85

Valuation $ 5,150

Sheep «. 14,085

Valuation $ 16,049

Hogs 53,706

Valuation $ 90,207

All other live stock

Valuation $ 375

Financial —

Money, bonds and notes $ 669,828

Brokers and exchange dealers 10,000

Corporate companies ] 2,964

All other personal property 408,332

Total personal property 1,919,470

Total taxable wealth 4,816,012

ABSTRACT OF TAX BOOK

for 1879 and 1880, showing taxable wealth, and state taxes charged to
collector of Ray county. (State revenue tax, one-fifth of one per cent;
state interest tax, one-fifth of one per cent):

Valuation, 1879 : $4,739,949.00

State revenue, 1879 9,476.98

State interest, 1879 9,476.98

Valuation, 1880 4,835,833.00

State revenue, 1880 9,666.99

State interest, 1880 9,666.99

486 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

ABSTRACT OF RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES OF RAY COUNTY, MISSOURI,
FOR THE YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1880.

James A. Davis, Collector, in account with County Revenue Fund.

January 1, 1880.

To balance $10,007.87

To amount merchants' tax books 403.40

To amount manufacturers' tax book 49.14

To amount quarterly collections 1,942.37

To amount tax books, 1880 11,607.93

To amount from St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern

railroad 688.23

To amount St. Joe & St. Louis railroad 212.30

To amount Western Union Telegraph Company. . . 9.07

Total $24,920.31

By amount treasurer's receipts $12,562.89

By amount commissions • • • • 390.76

By amount treasurer's receipts for tax, 1879, St.

Louis, Kansas City & Northern railroad 670.22

By commissions on same 20.91

By treasurer's receipt for tax, 1879, St. Joe & St.

Louis railroad ^. 205.76

By commissions on same 6.19

By treasurer's receipt tax 1880, St. Louis, -Kansas

City & Northern railroad 666.87

By commissions on same 20.65

By treasurer's receipt tax 1880, St. Joe & St. Louis

railroad 205.60

By commissions on same 6.35

By treasurer's receipt Western Union Telegraph

tax • 8.80

By commissions on same 27

By errors on 1879 land and personal tax books. . . . 7.43

By delinquent on 1879, land and personal tax books 1,390.03
By errors on 1879 merchants' and manufacturers'

tax books 17.29

By balance ' 8,740.39

Total $24,920.31

James A. Davis, Collector, in account with Bridge Fund:
January 1, 1880.

To balance $ 3,335.94

To amount tax books, 1.880 3,S69.31

To amount merchants' tax book, 1880 134.47

To amount munufacturers' tax book, 1880 16.38

To amount quarterly collections . : 409.72

To amount from St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern

railroad 229.41

To amount from St. Joe & St. Louis railroad 70.77

To amount from Western Union telegraph company 3.03

Total $ 8,069.03

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 487

January 1, 1880.

By amount treasurer's receipts $ 3,949.70

By amount commissions 130.25

By amount treasurer's receipt for tax, 1879, St. Louis,

Kansas City & Northern railroad 223.46

By amount commissions on same 6.91

By amount treasurer's receipt for tax, 1879, St. Joe

& St. Louis railroad 68.56

By amount commissions on same 2.09

By amount treasurer's receipt for tax, 1880, St.

Louis, Kansas City, and Northern railroad 222.29

By amount commissions on same 6.88

By amount treasurer's receipt, tax 1880, St. Joe &

St. Louis railroad 68.54

By amount commissions on same 2.11

By amount treasurer's receipt Western Union tele-
graph tax 2.93

By amount commissions on same .10

By amount errors on 1879, land and personal tax-
books 2.48

By amount delinquent on 1879, land and personal tax

books 463.34

By amount errors on 1879, merchants' and manu-
facturers' tax books 5.77

By amount balance 2,913.62

Total $ 8,069.03

James A. Davis, Collector, in account with Poor House Fund:

January 1, 1880.

To balance • $ 1,667.87

To amount tax books, 1880 1,934.66

To amount merchants' tax book, 1880 67.23

To amount manufacturers' tax book, 1880 8.19

To amount quarterly collections 205.48

To amount from St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern

Railroad 114.71

To amount from St. Joe & St. Louis Railroad 35.39

To amount from Western Union Telegraph Com-
pany 1.51

$ 4,035.04

By amount treasurer's receipts $ 1,975.60

By amount commissions 65.12

By amount treasurer's receipts for tax, 1879, St.

Louis, Kansas City & Northern railroad 111.73

By amount commission on same 3.46

By amount treasurer's receipt for tax 1879, St. Joe

& St. Louis railroad 34.26

By amount commissions on same 3.06

488 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

January 1, 1880.

By amount treasurer's receipt tax 1880, St. Louis,

Kansas City & Northern railroad 111.13

By amount commissions on same 3.45

By amount treasurer's receipt tax 1880, St. Joe & St.

Louis railroad 34.26

By amount commissions on same 1.06

By amount treasurer's receipt Western Union Tele-
graph tax 1.46

By amount commission on same .05

By amount errors on 1879 land and personal tax

books 1.24

By amount delinquent on 1879 land and personal tax-
books 231.67

By amount errors on 1879 merchants' and manufac-
turers' tax book 2.87

By amount balance 1,456.62

$4,035.04
James A. Davis, Collector, in account with Sinking Fund:
January 1, 1880.

To amount balance $ 1,667 .95

To amount tax books, 1880 1,934.65

To amount merchants' tax book, 1880 67.24

To amount manufacturers' tax book, 1880 8.19

To amount quarterly collection 205.23

To amount from St. Louis, Kansas City & North-
ern railroad 114.70

To amount from St. Joseph & St. Louis railroad. . . 35.38
To amount from Western Union Telegraph Com-
pany 1.51

Total $ 4,034.85

By amount treasurer's receipts $ 1,975.69

By amount commissions 65.13

By amount treasurer's receipts for tax, 1879, St.

Louis, Kansas City & Northern railroad 111.73

By amount commissions on same 3.46

By amount treasurer's receipts for tax, 1879, St.

Joseph & St. Louis railroad 34.26

By amount commissions on same 1.06

By amount treasurer's receipts for tax, 1880, St.

Louis, Kansas City & Northern railroad 111.13

By amount commissions on same 3.45

By amount treasurer's receipts for tax, 1880, St.

Joseph & St. Louis railroad 34.26

By amount commissions on same 1.06

By amount treasurer's receipt from Western Union

Telegraph Company tax 1.46

By amount commissions on same .05

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 489

January 1, 1880.

By amount errors on 1879 land and personal tax

" books $ 1.24

By amount delinquent on 1879 land and personal

tax books 231.67

By amount errors on 1879 merchants' and manufac-
turers' tax book 2.80

By amount balance 1,456.40

Total $ 4,034.85

James A. Davis, Collector ", in account with Road Ftmds.
January 1, 1880.

To balance $4,580.26

To amount tax books, 1880 4,267.38

To amount merchants' tax book 1880 38.57

To amount manufacturer's tax book 1880 5.13

To amount quarterly collections 451.56

To amount from St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern

railroad 253.28

To amount from St. Joseph & St. Louis railroad. . . . 82.33
To amount from Western Union Telegram Company 3.78

To interest on collections 3.83

Total $9,686.12

By amount treasurer's receipts $ 702.15

By amount road overseer's receipts, 1S79. '. 3,462.12

By amount commissions on road receipts 7.75

By amount treasurer's receipts, 1879, tax St. Louis,

Kansas City & Northern railroad 256.70

By amount commissions on same 7.94

By amount treasurer's receipt, 1879, St. Joseph & St.

Louis railroad 79.86

By amount commissions on same 2.47

By amount treasurer's receipt Western Union Tele-
graph tax 3.67

By amount commission on same 11

By amount errors on 1879 land and personal tax

books 8.17

By amount errors on 1879 merchant and manufac-
turer's tax book 7.76

Bv amount delinquent on 1879 land and personal tax

'book 499.16

By amount delinquent on 1879 merchant and manu-
facturers tax books 1.57

By amount balance 4,646.69

Total $9,686.12

490 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

James A. Davis, Collector in account with Remley Lake Fund.
January 1, 1880.

To amount quarterly collection $ 87.00

To amount tax books 1880 252.35

Total $ 339.35

By amount treasurer's receipts $ 103.40

By amount balance 235.95

Totals ; . $ 339.35

William A. Holman, Collector, in account with County Revenue Fund.

January 1, 1880.

To amount balance $15,098.70

To amount from James A. Davis, collector 12,562.89

To amount from Thos. McGinnis, sheriff, costs

returned to treasurer 26.70

To amount from J. A. Davis, collector, taxes St. L.,

K. C. & N. R. R. (1879) 670.22

To amount from J. A. Davis, collector, taxes St. Joe,

& St. L. R. R. (1879) 205.76

To amount from Western Telegraph Company,

(1879) taxes 9.06

To amount from from Geo. W. Trigg, overplus fees

returned to county 372.23

To amount from Thos. McGinnis, sheriff, sale of

stove 3.00

To amount from J. A. Davis, collector, taxes St.

L., K. C. & N. R. R.»(1880) 666.87

To amount from J. A. Davis, collector, taxes St.

Joe & St. L. R. R. (1880) 205.60

To amount from Western Union Telegraph Com-
pany, (1 880) taxes 8.80

Total $29,829.83

By amount settlement with county court $22,502.75

By amount balance 7,327.08

Total $29,829.83

William A. Holman, Treasurer, in account with County Bridge Fund.

January 1, 1880.

To amount balance $ 9,366.76

To amount from J. A. Davis, collector 3,949.70

To amount from J. A. Davis, collector, (1879) taxes

St. L., K. C. & N. R. R 223.46

To amount from J. A. Davis, collector, (1879) St.

Joe & St. L. R. R 68.56

To amount from Western Union Telegraph Com-
pany (1879) taxes 3.02

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 491

January 1, 1880.

To amount from J. A. Davis, collector, (1880) taxes
St. L., K. C. &.N. R. R ip 222.29

To amount from J. A. Davis, collector, (1880) taxes

St. Joe. & St. L. R. R . 68.54

To amount from Western Union Telegraph Com-
pany, (1880) taxes 2.93

Total $13,905.26

By amount settlement with county court $ 5,618.12

By amount balance 8,287.14

Total $13,905.26

William A. Holman, Treasurer, in Account -with County Sinking Fund:

January 1, 1880.

To amount balance $ 3,257.30

To amount from Jas. A. Davis, collector 1,975.69

To amount from Jas. A. Davis, collector, taxes St.

L. K. C. & N. R. R. (1879) 111.73

To amount from Jas. A. Davis, collector, taxes St.
Joe & St. L. R. R.(1879) 34.26

To amount from Western Union Telegraph Com-
pany, tax (1879) 1.51

To amount from Jas. A. Davis, collector, taxes St.

L., K. C. & N. R. R. (1880) 111.13

To amount from Jas. A. Davis, collector, taxes St.
Joe & St. L. R. R. (1880) 34.26

To amount from Western Union Telegraph Com-
pany, tax (1880) 1.46

Total $ 5,527.42

By amount settlement with county court $ 4,166.54

By amount balance 1,360.88

Total $ 5,527.43

William A. Holman, Treasurer, in Account zvith County Poor House
Fund:

January 1,1880.

To amount balance $ 2,499.23

To amount from Jas. A. Davis, collector 1,975.60

To amount from jas. A. Davis, collector, taxes St.

L., K. C.& N. R. R.(1S79) 111.73

To amount from Jas. A. Davis, collector, taxes, St.

Joe & St. L. R. R. (1879). 34.26

To amount from Western Union Telegraph Com-
pany, tax (1879) 1.51

To amount from Jas. A. Davis, collector, taxes St.

L., K. C. & N. R. R. (1880) 111.13

492 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY .

January 1, 1880.

To amount from Jas. A. Davis, collector, taxes St.

Joe & St. L. R. R (1880) $ 34.26

To amount from Western Union Telegraph Com-
pany, tax (3880) 1.46

Total $ 4,769.18

By amount settlement with county court $ 4,290.67

By amount balance 478.51

Total •• $ 4,769.18

William A. Holm an, Treasurer, in account with County Road Fund:

January 1, 1880.

To amount balance $ 2,887.10

To amount from James A. Davis, collector 702.15

To amount from J. A. Davis, collector, taxes St. L.,

K. C. & N. R. R. (1879) 256.70

To amount from J. A. Davis, collector, taxes St.

Joe & St. L. R. R. (1879) 79.86

To amount from Western Union Telegraph, taxes

(1879) 3.78

To amount from Western Union Telegraph taxes

(1880) 3.67

Total $ 3,933.26

By amount settlement with county court 2,200.27

By amount balance 1,732.99

Total $3,933.26

William A. Holman, Treasurer, in account with Railroad Fund:

January 1, 1880.

To amount balance $ 6,647.12

To amount from Jas. A. Davis, collector 1.32

To amount from railroad funds (paid in principal

and interest) 1,972.25

Total $ 8,620.69

By amount receipt of clerk United States district

court 5,081.92

By amount balance 3,538.77

Total $ 8,620.69

William A. Holman, Treasurer, in account with Road and Canal
Fund:

January 1, 1880.

To amount balance $ 25.76

By amount balance 25.76

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 493

William A. Holman, Treasurer, in account -with Remley Lake Fund:

January 1, 1880.

To amount balance $ 237.14

To amonnt from James A. Davis, collector 163.75

Total $ 400.89

By amount settlement with county court 307.14

By amount balance 93.75

Total $ 400.89

ABSTRACT OF THE EXPENDITURE OF RAY COUNTY, FOR THE YEAR 1880.

Amount expended on county roads $ 1,153.97

Amount paid road overseers 2,070.68

Amount expended on county bridges 4,489.71

Amount expended on courthouse, county jail, and merchandise

furnished county 720.08

Amount expended for blank books and stationery 448.71

Amount expended on account of poor house, lunatic asylum and

paupers 2,737.83

Amount expended on account costs in criminal cases 1,545.64

Amount expended on account coal furnished county 100.98

Amount expended on account of sheriff's fees 951.35

Amount expended on account of county clerk's fees 2,988.76

Amount expended on account of circuit clerk's fees 155.21

Amount expended on account of road and bridge commission-
er's fees 151.00

Amount expended on account of county treasury commissions

(part of 1879 and 1880) 856.93

Amount expended on account of salary county iudges 432.76

Amount expended on account salary county attorney 600.00

Amount expended on account salary county school commis-
sioner 43.00

Amounty expended on account county assessor's fees 61 9.82

Amount expeoded on account of board of equalization 126.00

Amount expended on account of costs in U. S. district court. . 89.16
Amount expended on account county printing and publishing. . 553.50
Amount expended on account scrip issued to grand jury wit-
nesses, by circuit clerk 331.00

Amount expended on account of script issued to grand jurors by

circuit clerk 437.20

Amount expended on account script issued petit jurors, by cir-
cuit clerk 836.95

Amount expended on account of inquests 160.36

Amount expended on account judge and clerks, general and

special elections 299.30

Amount expended on account cost and judgment civil case. . . 42.76

Total amount of expenditures $ 22,742.66

494 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

EXHIBIT OF THE RESOURCES AND LIABILITIES OF RAY COUNTY ON THE

FIRST DAY OF JANUARY, A. D., 1880.

RESOURCES.

Amount due by collector $ 19,449 67

Amount due by treasurer 22,S44 88

Amount delinquent on tax-books 18,116 92

Total resources $ 60,411 47

LIABILITIES.

Amount unpaid bonds for arming militia $ 5,412 07

Amount interest due on same 541 21

Total $ 5,953 28

Amount resources in excess of liabilities $ 54,458 19

COUNTY RAILROAD BONDED DEBT.

Amount bonds issued to St. Joseph and St. Louis railroad. . . $ 200,000 00
Amount interest due on same . . . . 150,047 60

Total $ 350,047 60

Amount railroad funds in county treasury $ 3,538 77

Amount railroad funds loaned by county court 2,850 00

Amount interest due on same 130 00

Amount paid on judgment in U. S. court 12,851 03

Total $ 19,369 80

State of Missouri, \

County of Ray. [

I, Geo. W. Trigg, clerk of the county court, within and for the county
of Ray and state aforesaid, hereby certify that the above and foregoing is
a true and complete statement of the receipts and expenditures of said
county, for the fiscal year ending December, A. D. 1880, as the same
appears of record in my office.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand, and affixed the
seal of said court, at office, in the city of Richmond, this 12th dav of
March, A. D. 1881. Geo. W. Trigg, Clerk.

SCHOOL FUND.

Twenty-five per cent of the state revenue, and also certain fines and
penalties, are set apart for the support of the public schools. The county
is the custodian of this fund, and it is loaned at ten per cent interest, pay-
able annually.

The amount expended in support of the public schools of Ray county
for the school year ending on the first Tuesday in April, 1881, was tj>30,-
657.19.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 495

BANK STATEMENT.

Official statement of the financial condition of the Ray County Savings
Bank, at Richmond, state of Missouri, at the close of business the 30th
day of April, 1881:

RESOURCES.

Loans undoubtedly good on personal or collateral security. . $ 105,188.45

Loans and discounts undoubtedly good on real estate security

Overdrafts by solvent customers 22,239.72

Other bonds and stock at their present cash market price . . . 9,625.00

Due from other banks, good on sight draft 92,259.13

Real estate at present cash market value 6,007.17

Furniture and fixtures 817.80

Checks and other cash items .' 2,310.42

Bills of national banks and legal tender U. S. notes 5,480.00

Gold coin 2,845.00

Silver and other fractional coin and currency 121.00

Total $ 246,893.69

LIABILITIES.

Capital stock paid in $ 27,176.00

Surplus funds on hand 17,907.60

Deposits subject to draft at sight 201,810.00

Deposits subject to drafts at given dates

Due other banks and bankers

Total $ 246,893.69

State of Missouri,
County of Ray.
We, T. D. Woodson, president, and H. C. Garner, cashier of said bank,
and each of us, do solemnly swear that the above statement is true, to the
best of our knowledge and belief.

T. D. Woodson, President.
H. C. Garner, Cashier.
Subscribed and sworn to before me, this 11th day of May, A. D.
eighteen hundred and eighty-one.

Witness my hand and notarial seal hereto affixed, at office, in Rich-
mond, the date last aforesaid.

(Commissioned and qualified for a term expiring January 19, 1885.)

Joseph E. Black, Notary Public.
Correct — attest: A. W. Doniphan, )

C. T. Garner, \ Directors.
J. W. Shotwell. )

Official statement of the financial condition of J. S. Hughes & Com-
pany, private bankers, at Richmond, state of Missouri, at the close of
business on the 30th day of April, 1881:

496 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

RESOURCES.

Loans undoubtedly good on personal or collateral security. . .$ 83,685.65
Loans and discounts undoubtedly good on real estate security 16,735.98

Overdrafts by solvent customers 7,208.54

Other bonds and stock at their present cash market price

United States bonds on hand

Due from other banks good on sight draft 118,281.24

Real estate at present cash market value 15,028.10

Furniture and fixtures

Checks and other cash items 5,905.61

Bills of national banks and legal tender United States notes. . 10,507.00

Gold coin 1,866.00

Silver and other fractional coin and currency 562.40

Exchange maturing and matured

Total $259,780.52

LIABILITIES.

Capital stock paid in $ 20,000.00

Surplus funds on hand 25,525.35

Deposits subject to drafts at sight 203,992.04

Deposits subject to drafts at given dates

Due other banks and bankers 10,263.13

Total $259,780.52

State of Missouri,
County of Ray.

We, Joseph S. Hughes and Burnett Hughes, two of the partners in, or
owners of, said banking business, and each of us, do solemnly swear, that
the above statement is true to the best of our knowledge and belief.

J. S. Hughes,
Burnett Hughes.
Subscribed and sworn to before me, this 12th day of May, A. D
eighteen hundred and eighty-one.

Witness my hand and notarial seal hereto affixed at office, at Richmond,
Missouri, the date last aforesaid.

(Commissioned and qualified for a term expiring January 17, 1883.)

D. P. Whitmer, Notary Public

POPULATION.

The population of Ray county in 1821, was 1,789; in 1830, 2,657; in
1840, 6,553; in 1850, 10,373; in 1860, 14,092; in 1870, 18,700, of whom
16,867 were white and 1,833, colored; 9,780 were males and 8,920 were
females; 18,135, natives; 11,864 were born in Missouri; 1,562, in Ken-
tucky; 527, in Ohio; 415, in Illinois; 1,081, in Tennessee; 917, in Vir-
ginia and West Virginia; 1,739, in other states; 565 were foreign-born.
The population June 1, 1880, as shown by bulletin of the tenth census, was
20,193; that of each township being as follows:

•»

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 497

Camden township 3,353

Crooked River township 1,883

Fishing River " 1,961

Grape Grove " ■ 3,091

Polk " 1,534

Richmond " 6,070

Total 20,193

Thus it is demonstrated that since the meeting of the first county court,
in April, 1821, Ray county has steadily moved "onward and upward" in
the scale of greatness. Though only cne-twelfth as large in area, her
population is twelve times as great, while her increase in wealth — the
result of material developments, accomplished by personal energy, indus-
try and enterprise — is more than an hundred fold.

The county has grown, not only in material prosperity, but in all the
elements of social refinement — in civilization, and in everything that con-
tributes to the education, elevation and happiness of the people.

Her superior natural advantages and great resources, though not yet
fully developed, have been utilized to the comfort, convenience and profit
of thousands of her citizens; besides inviting others, in less favored lands,
to come and make their homes within the limits of the richest county in
one of the most fertile and charming regions on the continent of America.

The untrodden wilderness in which John Vanderpool was the first to
settle, in the summer of 1815, has been converted into a veritable garden
of wealth and beauty, interspersed with attractive homes and smiling
villages, and has become the abode of a prosperous, happy and charitable
people.

A delightful climate, productive soil, and unbounded resources, nature
has done her part toward making old Ray the peer of any of her sister
counties; the people have done the rest, and go on prospering and to
prosper. Yet, much as has been done in the past, a great deal remains
to be accomplished in the future. It will not do to be idle. While our
prospects are roseate, let us

Pause not to dream of the future before us;

Pause not to weep the wild cares that come o'er us;

Hark ! how Creation's deep musical chorus,

Unintermitting, goes up into heaven!
Never the ocean wave falters in flowing;
Never the little seed stops in its growing;
More and more richly the rose heart keeps glowing,

Till from its nourishing stem it is riven.

Biographical Sketches.

ALEXANDER W. DONIPHAN.

The Louisville Courier -'Journal, speaking of the Mexican war, says:

Doniphan's exploits have been compared with those of Xenophon.
Doniphan, with the first regiment of mounted Missouri volunteers, left
Fort Leavenworth on June 12, 1846, and marched across the plains to
Mexico, fought three important battles — Brazito, Sacramento and El Paso —
conquered the states of Mexico and Chihuahua, and traveled more than
6,000 miles in twelve months, not a word being heard by the government
from him in the meantime.

Alexander William Doniphan was born near Maysville, Mason county,
Kentucky, July 9, 1808. He is* of English descent, though his paternal
English ancestors immigrated to America in the latter part of the seven-
teenth century, and settled on the Potomac river, below Fredericksburg,
Virginia, where the family name- is still preserved by other descendants.
His father, Joseph Doniphan, was the second son of Alexander Doniphan,
in honor of whom Colonel Doniphan was named. By the law of primo-
geniture, which then prevailed in Virginia, Joseph Doniphan inherited no
real estate, and what he subsequently acquired was the result of his own
industry and frugality. When the war of the revolution began, he was
about seventeen years of age, and as King George county, where his
father resided, was one of the first sections of that state to be overrun by
the British army, both he and his brother George enlisted in the Colonial
army. George was killed at his brother's side, but Joseph served with
honor till the close of the struggle. The activity and excitement of the
war aroused in young Doniphan a spirit of adventure, and, as he had to
carve out his own fortune, he was attracted to the far west by the stories
of its wonderful beauty, its fabulous fertility and its climatic salubrity.
Soon after the declaration of peace and the cessation of hostilities, he
accompanied that grim old pioneer, Daniel Boone, to the wilds of Ken-
tucky, encountering hardships and perils for which the life he had pre-
viously led had given him a relish. After a short stay in Kentucky, he
returned to Virginia, and there married Miss Ann Smith, a daughter of
Captain William Smith, of Fauquier county. He removed with his fam-
ily to Mason county, Kentucky, in 1790, and died there in March, 1813,
-after a residence of twenty-three years, leaving his wife and seven chil-
dren, three sons and four daughters, of whom only two, Mrs. Susan
Frazee, widow of Dr. E. S. Frazee, of May's Lick, Kentucky, at present

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 499

residing with her youngest son, near Rushville, west of Cincinnati, Ohio,
and the subject of this sketch are now alive. The oldest brother, Dr.
Thomas S. Doniphan, father of Colonel John Doniphan, of St. Joseph,
Missouri, served as a surgeon in the war of 1812, and died near the old
homestead in Kentucky.

Upon the widow now devolved the responsibility of providing for and
educating her seven children, and right nobly did she discharge her trust.
Alexander being the youngest child, the solicitude of his mother centered
in him, and until his ninth }rear she carefully supervised his training. At
that age, he was sent to his older brother, George, then living at Augusta,
Kentucky, where he received the best educational training the village
could supply. When he was fourteen years old the Methodists established
a college at Augusta, and from this institution he graduated in 1827, with
distinguished honors, being then in the nineteenth year of his age. Orville
H. Browning, secretary of the interior under President Lincoln; Charles
Cjark, late governor of Mississipoi; Alex. M. Spencer, late mayor of Cin-
cinnati; and others who afterwards became more or less distinguished,
were schoolmates of young Doniphan. After graduating, he devoted
himself for six months to the study of ancient and modern history, and
began the study of law in 1828, under the learned and able jurist, Martin
Marshall, of Augusta, through whom he received a thorough training in
common and statute law, obtaining a license to practice in the states of
Ohio and Kentucky in the fall of 1829, at the age of twenty-one. During
the winter of the latter year, he traveled extensively in the western and
southern states, and located at Lexington, Missouri, in the spring of 1830.
He had spent his patrimony and more, in acquiring an education and in
fitting himself for his profession and when he reached Missouri, without
either money to maintain himself or friends, or acquaintances to assist
him, he was entirely dependent on those qualities that have never betrayed
him — energy, perseverance and intellectual endowments. They proved
equal to the emergency, and he succeeded well in Lexington; but
he determined, for reasons satisfactory to himself, to change his residence
to Liberty, Missouri, which he did in 1833. Here he remained' for thirty
years, devoting the vigor of his younger manhood, and the experience of
his maturer years, to the practice of the law, in which he rapidly rose to
eminence.

With an ambition modified and restrained by sound judgment, an intel-
lect capable of grasping and mastering the most intricate and abstruse
propositions of law, a mind trained to reason correctly and reflect coolly,
and an impulsive and impressive oratory, it is not strange that he won his
way to distinction at the bar without the use of those arguments to which
the weak resort. He grew in popular favor by the generous impulses of
his own nature, and the superiority of his talents, and it is a singular fact

500 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

that, though he was at times opposed in sentiment to the great body of his
old associates and constituents, he never forfeited the affection of his
friends or the respect of his enemies. In 1836, he was elected to represent
Clay county in the ninth general assembly of Missouri, and, though young,
he made a creditable record in that body. Twice afterward, in 1840 and
in 1854, he was chosen to fill the same position, which he always did with
honor to himself and to the satisfaction of his constituents. In December,
1837, he married Jane Thornton, daughter of John Thornton, a well
known, respected pioneer of Clay county. Mrs. Doniphan was a lady of
refined sentiment, cultivated taste, and purity of character.

In the same year in which Colonel Doniphan was married, Governor
Boggs called out a strong militia force to quell the disturbances of the
Mormons at a place in Caldwell county, Missouri, by them called Far
West. The defiant attitude of these people threatened to result in local
war. General Doniphan commanded a brigade under Major-General
Lucas, and by his address and soldierly bearing succeeded in bringing
them to submission without bloodshed. About the middle of May, 1846,
Governor Edwards, of Missouri, made a requisition for volunteers to join
General Kearney in his expedition to New Mexico. General Doniphan
joined Captain O. P. Moss' company from Clay county as a private. On
the 18th of June, eight companies, which were to compose the 1st regi-
ment, having arrived, an election of officers was had, which resulted in
the choice of A. W. Doniphan as colonel. In taking charge of the regi-
ment, Colonel Doniphan temporarilv abandoned a lucrative practice and a
young family, to which he was tenderly devoted, to lend his aid in sub-
duing the enemies of his country. The expedition was commanded by
General Kearnev until Santa Fe was reached, when that o-allant officer
took a portion of the command and went to California, leaving Colonel
Doniphan, the first regiment and all other forces in New Mexico. It was
the design of Colonel Doniphan to march upon Chihuahua as soon as
Colonel Price, who was known to be bringing reinforcements, should
arrive to take command of Santa Fe; but on the 11th of October he
received instructions from General Kearney to proceed to the country of
the Navajos, a brave, war-like, and semi-civilized tribe of Indians, whose
territory lay on the western slope of the Cordilleras, and chastise and sub-
due them. Winter was approaching; the mountain summits were almost
inaccessible; the dangers and difficulties were formidable, but the courage
and intrepidity of General Doniphan did not allow him to count the cost.
He therefore set about the execution of his orders with all possible dis-
patch, and, after a wearisome and exhausting march, reached the Nava-
jos' country, and secured a treaty of amity. He then turned his face
toward the Del Norte again to prepare for his expedition against Chihua-
hua, reaching Valverde about the 10th of December. Doniphan was

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 501

to press on to Saltillo to join the forces of General Wool. The enter-
prise was fraught with danger, but this fact operated as a stimulus to
excite rather than as a difficulty to daunt the young warrior and his gal-
lant followers. He set out with eleven hundred and fifty men, including
the first Missouri, one hundred men from the second Missouri, and two
companies of the Missouri artillery battalion. On Christmas day a part
of his command was attacked by twelve hundred Mexicans at Brazito.
The engagement was short, sharp and decisive. In half an hour the
Mexicans were forced from the field, leaving their dead and wounded
where they fell.

On the 28th of February, 1847, near the city of Chihuahua, was fought
the battle of Sacramento. Having traversed an unknown territory with
a handful of troops, surrounded by enemies, and liable at any time to be
attacked by a superior force, Colonel Doniphan was not now to be intimi-
dated by a prospect, even of immediate peril. The American force num-
bered nine hundred and twenty-four effective men of all arms. The
Mexican troops, under Major General Jose A. Hiredia, numbered four
thousand, two hundred and twenty. Notwithstanding the superior force
of the enemy, the fact that he had chosen his own position and fortified it
well, such was the tact of General Doniphan that, after an engagement
of three and a half hours, the Mexicans were utterly routed, with a loss
of three hundred and twenty killed, five hundred and sixty wounded, and
seventy-two prisoners, together with a large quantity of specie, stores,
stock, guns and other munitions of war. The American loss was two
killed and eleven wounded, three of the latter mortally. The city of
Chihuahua was entered next day. Here Colonel Doniphan had hoped to
join General Wool, but learned that he "was at Saltillo, besieged by Santa
Anna. This, however, proved to be untrue, and in a few days he heard
of the victory at Buena Vista, and not long afterward of the battle Of
Cerro Gordo. The war was now virtually closed, and the troops slowly
made their way to New Orleans, where they were mustered out of service,
June 28, 1847. Upon their return to Missouri, the citizens of St. Louis
gave the soldiers a grand reception, and they were welcomed by Senator
Benton in a speech, to which Colonel Doniphan responded. Everywhere
the commander and his heroic army were received with demonstrations
of honor, showing that the people appreciated the dangers they had
encountered and the results they had achieved. Colonel Doniphan
returned to his home at Liberty, and resumed the practice of law. He
remained in Liberty till in 1863, when he returned to St. Louis, where he
remained till 1869. In 1861 he was one of the five delegates appointed to
represent Missouri in the celebrated peace conference, and was one of the
five from the border states, who, by special invitation, held an interview
with President Lincoln, to counsel and advise as to the best method of

502 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

preserving peace, maintaining the Union, and settling the difficulties that
then environed the nation, and the only one now living. It was while
absent on this mission that he was^chosen to represent his senatorial dis-
trict in the state convention. By his marriage to Miss^ Thornton, the Col-
onel had two sons, to whose training he devoted much time and labor,
but both died in youth. To his wife he was most warmly devoted, and
her death, which occurred July 19, 1873, left him depressed and stricken.
Before her death both he and his wife united with the Christian Church.
In 1869 Colonel Doniphan returned to Western Missouri, and located
in Richmond, where he now (1881) resides. Colonel Doniphan was a
man of great physical strength, as his erect carriage, firm, elastic step,
and graceful, easy movement, at the age of seventy-three, evince. He is
six feet three inches in hight, compactly built, with a large frame and
well developed muscles. Of an impulsive nature, which is restained by
reason and an overmastering will power; brave, fearless, true to his con-
victions of right and duty, a sincere friend, a frank and open foe, he has
gathered about him a host of friends, whose confidence and esteem are
his highest eulogium.

HON. GEORGE W. DUNN.

George Washington Dunn, the present judge of the fifth judicial cir-
cuit of Missouri, was born near Harrodsburg, Mercer county, Kentucky,
October 15, 1815. His father, Major Lemuel Dunn, a pioneer farmer of
Kentucky, was the son of Michael Dunn, of Irish parentage, but a native
of Virginia, and a noble defender of his country in the war for the inde-
pendence of the American colonies. The mother of the subject of this
sketch — whose maiden name was Sarah Read Campbell — was also a
native Virginian, of Irish descent. Her father, John Campbell, was also
a soldier in the war of the revolution. Major Dunn died in 1829, leaving
his family in limited circumstances, on a farm, when George was only
fourteen years old. Young as he was, he worked diligently through the
summer, and attended school during the winter. He acquired such edu-
cation as the family's finances would allow, at Cane Run Academy, Mer-
cer county, excelling in mathematics. Although unable to take the full
course at one of the higher institutions of learning, his unquenchable
thirst for knowledge led him to eschew the usual pastimes of youth, and
to devote every spare hour to study; and thus his ardor, close applica-
tion, and self-denial made up for what his poverty disallowed. His men-
tal tastes were of a very high order, far exceeding that of ordinary young
men, and leading him into the advanced classics, law, general literature,
and especially into the flowery fields of poetry, enabling him to
" Touch the heart, or fire the imagination at will."

At the age of nineteen he engaged *as clerk in a dry goods store, at

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 503

Nicholasville, Jessamine county, Kentucky; but he carried with him his
books, which he continued, at every opportunity, to closely read and care-
fully study. At twenty, he began the study of the law, with the deter-
mination to allow no obstacle not absolutely insurmountable to prevent
him from becoming, at least, a respectable lawyer. He continued the
study of law with unyielding tenacity for three years, only interrupted by
regular intervals of school teaching, which he was compelled to follow for
a support. In that time he attended the law department of Transylvania
University, and was a member of the class of 1836 and 1837. Among
his classmates were Beriah McGoffin, afterward governor of Kentucky;
Richard Yates, afterward governor of Illinois; the present Hon. Otho R.
Singleton, of Mississippi; Reverend Jonathan E. Spillman, of Kentucky,
and the present Hon. Samuel H. Woodson, of Missouri. At the close of
the term he was licensed to practice law, by Judges Robertson and Mar-
shall.

In the spring of 1839, Mr. Dunn settled in Richmond, Ray county,
Missouri, and, opening a law office, practiced his profession in all the
counties of the fifth judicial circuit. In the spring of 1861, he was
appointed circuit attorney to fill a vacancy, and in 1811, was elected to
that office without opposition, and filled it until 1818. During those seven
years, besides being the prosecutor in all criminal cases in the circuit, he
satisfactorily attended to a large practice in the civil cases. Judge Dunn
had as his contemporaries at the bar many of the most eminent lawyers
in the west, among whom were the following: Colonel A. W. Doniphan,
Hon. David R. Atchison, Hon. Wm. T. Wood, Governor Peter H. Bur-
nett, Hon. James H. Birch, Governor Willard P. Hall, Hon. Robert
D. Ray, General B. F. Stringfellow, and others. In 1848, he was
appointed judge of the fifth judicial circuit as successor of Hon. Austin A.
King, who was that year elected governor of the state. He was elected
judge of the same circuit in 1851, and again in 1857. In 1861, Judge
Dunn retired from office, declining to take the test oath required of offi-
cers by the state convention of that year, and resumed the practice of
law. In 1863, he was again elected judge of his old circuit by a large
majority, and remained on the bench until 1865, when he, with others was
thrown out of office by the vacating ordinance of the state convention .
He again returned to the practice of his profession, and followed it until
1871, when he was elected without opposition as judge of the fifth judicial
circuit, which position he now holds, having been again elected at the
general election in November, 1880.

Whether as advocate or judge, few lawyers of this country hold higher
rank than does Judge Dunn. The prime of his life has been spent at the
bar and on the bench, and his contests have been with the most eminent
lawyers of his time. His success as a lawyer, and his standing as a citi-

504 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

zen are attested by his long continuance in office, in the affection of his
fellow-attorneys; in his reputation throughout Missouri for ability and
integrity, and in the universal confidence reposed in him by the people of
his district. A late writer said of him: "He only sought the honors of
the law." The compliment is only half true. While no lawyer is insen-
sible to "the honors of the law," Judge Dunn has striven to honor the law
more than to seek its honors. As a judge, he comprehends at once the
law and facts of the case; and his analytical honors enable him to develop
the points with such clearness and force, that his decisions commend
themselves alike to the bar and to the people, being always fortified by
both the law and the facts.

In politics Judge Dunn has always been a democrat, faithfully adhering
to, and supporting the principles of his party in its darkest days. He is
not a partisan, however, and freely accords the right of individual opinion,
holding the man all the more honorable for a candid, outspoken, but
respectful expression of his honest convictions. Granting that the judi-
ciary is not a " political " office, in the vulgar meaning of that term,
Judge Dunn has nover been a candidate for any political position. He
was a member of the state convention of 1861, called to consider the rela-
tions existing between the state of Missouri and the federal government.
In that body he voted against secession, as well as against all other radical
measures. Judge Dunn has ever exhibited a deep interest in the cause of
education, and has been a warm friend of all educational institutions.
When a young lawyer he became a member of Richmond Lodge, No.
57, A. F. & A. M., and at different times has held various important
offices in that body. He is also a member of the Presbyterian Church.
On the 19th day of May, 1841, at Nicholasville, Kentucky, George W.
Dunn was united in marriage with Miss Susan Martha Henderson,
daughter of Bennett Henderson, and grand-daughter of Colonel Joseph
Crockett, an officer in the Revolutionary war. They have had five chil-
dren, only one of whom, John Henderson Dunn, is now living. Judge
Dunn has always evinced a taste for literature, which he has cultivated to
a high degree. He has divided his affections between the goddess of
justice and the fair nymph of poesy, and without having slighted either,
shows that he has knelt at the shrine of both. He has given to the
public many poetical effusions; gems in verse, of rare beauty and
acknowledged merit. Judge Blackstone, on taking up the law, bade " fare-
well to his muse," but Judge Dunn continued to woo the winsome god-
dess; and while he will long be remembered as one of the ablest jurists
of his day, he will not be soon forgotten as one of the genuine verse
writers of the land, and the only poet who has found in the prosy pro-
ceedings of a court of justice, themes for poetical song. "The Temple
of Justice," written by him a few years ago, and dedicated to the bench

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 505

and bar, has been widely published and admired, and we deem it emi-
nently appropriate to reproduce it here:

THE TEMPLE OF JUSTICE.
DEDICATED TO THE BENCH AND BAR.

There stood in Eden once, as legends tell,

A regal temple bathed in heaven's own light;
But when our happy parents sinned and fell,

That temple felt the avenging curse and blight;

And would have sank in deep and endless night;
But God in mercy had its fragments thrown

O'er all the earth; and now they greet our sight,
Where'er we go in every clime and zone;
Each fragment of that temple is a precious stone.

In after ages on Moriah's brow

King Solomon a wondrous temple raised;
Built as was shown upon the mount; and now

We do not marvel that the nations gazed

Entranced; or that the Queen of Sheba praised
The master architect; for ne'er before

Had earth's admiring millions stood amazed
In view of such a structure; never more
Perhaps will such a temple greet us on time's shore.

But we are workmen on a temple too,

A glorious temple shielding human rights;
And if we labor as good men and true,

Our consciences will bring us such delights

As duty faithfully performed invites.
Then bring for this grand temple precious things —

Sapphires and rubies, emeralds, chrysolites.
We do not build on vain imaginings;
We trace the streams of truth to their celestial springs.

Through coming ages will our temple stand,

The grandest product of man's mind and heart.
Its dome and spire point to the better land;

Its walls and towers attest the builder's art.

I only ask to bear an humble part
In fashioning the work — to have my name

Inscribed upon its walls ere I depart;
I ask but this, and make no other claim
To that which heroes bleed for and the world calls Fame.

Richmond, Missouri, April 10, 1875.

We close this sketch with another of his gems, showing that the robe
of ermine fits him no more gracefully than does the chaplet of poesy:

THE ERMINE AND THE HARP.

The Ermine's hue of spotless white
Invokes the wearer's earnest ken,
As law and equity unite

To shield and bless the sons of men;
32

506 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

For .heaven-bom truth by right prevails

And baffles every crafty scheme,
When justice holds the impartial scales

And mercy's tears bedew the beam.

Fraud writhes beneath the jurist's feet,

And falsehood from his presence flies;
Twin sisters these that dare not meet

The piercing glances of his eyes;
And fetters that the strong apply

To feeble limbs are snapped in twain,
And wrong's foul emblems scattered, lie

Around the bondsman's broken chain.

O, bring my harp! Its chords shall send

Exultant notes to greet all ears,
Notes, whose rich harmonies will blend

With music sounding from the spheres;
For right has triumphed over wrong,

And justice holds unbroken sway;
The victory demands a song,

A sweet song that will live for aye.

ROBERT SEVIER.

Robert Sevier, eldest son of Valentine Sevier, Esq., was born October
13, 1807, in Greenville, Tennessee. His grandfather, Robert Sevier, with
several brothers, left his home in Tennessee to join the American army of
the Revolution, and served with distinction in North Carolina against
Cornwallis. The elder Robert Sevier held a commission as colonel of
volunteers, and held this command at the battle of King's Mountain,
where he received wounds of which he soon afterwards died. These
brothers were also held in high estimation in civil life; one of them, John
Sevier, was governor of Tennessee, after the war. Robert Sevier, the
subject of our sketch, was entered a cadet at West Point, in 1824, and
was graduated in 1S28, brevet second lieutenant, and July 1, 1828, sec-
ond lieutenant sixth infantry, joining his regiment at Jefferson barracks,
Missouri. He served with the expedition on the upper Arkansas in 1829;
Ft. Leavenworth, in 1829-32; in the Black Hawk war in 1832 against Sac
and Fox Indians; Ft. Leavenworth in 1832-31; Jefferson barracks in
1831-36; Camp Sabine and Ft. Jessup, Louisiana, in 1836. Adjutant
sixth infantry, from August 1, 1836, to October 31, 1837; in Florida
war in 1837; resigned, October 31, 1837.

After his resignation, he remained two years in Tennessee. He spent
the winter of 1839-10 in Liberty, Clay county, Missouri, seeking a loca-
tion for business. In 1810 he entered into the mercantile business in Rich-
mond, Missouri, where his remaining years were passed. In 1815, he
was elected clerk of the circuit court and ex-officio recorder of deeds of
Ray county, which office he retained for twenty years. In 1865 the con-

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 507

stitutional convention of Missouri removed such officers then in commis-
sion as refused to take and subscribe the oath of loyalty. Major Sevier
was removed, and thereafter persistently remained in private life,
although often solicited to occupy positions of trust, living on his farm.
In 1851 he married Miss Ann H. Sibley, who died January 20, 1852.
The issue of this marriage is Charles Sevier, a very worthy gentleman,
occupying the paternal home at this time, with an interesting family; and
a daughter, Isabel, who died at the age of nine. His second marriage
was with Mrs. Maria Embree, a sister of ex-Governor Austin A. Kino,
of Missouri. This lady survives him. Inheriting the talents and disposi-
tion of such an ancestry, his aspirations, even in boyhood, could be onlv
of a high character. Having a vigorous mind, and using wisely his fine
advantages in the acquisition of an education, his manhood was matured
in the highest meaning of the word. Many graduates will readily remem-
ber their associations with him; his genial disposition; his amusing
stories; his soldierly bearing — and these reminiscences must needs be very
pleasant. During his term of military service, the army was small, and pro-
motion slow ; opportunities for gaining distinction were seldom found, and
many young officers, who had families, retired to civil life. Major Sevier
was in many respects well suited for military duty; he was remarkably
intelligent, patient, brave, and uncomplaining. He retired from the ser-
vice amidst the regrets of his army associates, and was welcomed into
civil life by a large circle of friends. The' evidences of the value of one's
education are not to be sought for in military history alone. In the peace-
ful pursuits of private life, the man who acts well his part, educating his
children in the fear and love of God; desciplining them to pass through
the trials of life bravely and honestly; manifesting by every foot-fall in the
pathway of life a true and determined integrity and usefulness, is by no
means to be placed in low estimation. Such men build up and strengthen
the free institutions of our country; adding to her wealth and honor, her
usefulness to mankind, her reputation for good among the people of every
land.

It is dificult to find a better reputation than established by Major Sevier
during his life-time. Every tongue is ready in his praise. The history of
his honest, cheerful manhood, so gracious to his fellow-citizens, seems
wrell written in every heart; and his disposition to kindness made any busi-
ness intercourse with him very pleasant. The business and professional men
of Richmond, Missouri, are widely known as gentlemen of the highest
standing, and the great esteem in which they held Major Sevier, speaks
loudly in his praise. He was never at loss for an agreeable subject of
conversation; an interview with him never failed to please, as well as to
instruct. He was a most sincere believer in the truth of the revealed re-
ligion of our Lord Jesus Christ, and an honest professor thereof. He

50S HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

was not ashamed to own his allegiance to his God; he was, however, very
unostentatious and unobtrusive. His profession of religion was made in
1851, and steadfastly maintained until death. For many years, he was
a ruling elder in the Presbyterian Church. The internal evidences of the
truth of Christianity sank deeply into his mind, and his faith, strengthened
from year to year by careful study and reflection, only added to the
strength of his convictions. " Dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou re-
turn," with him is fully realized. He died May 16, 1879, at Richmond,
Missouri, aged seventy-one years.

JOSEPH S. HUGHES.

Joseph S. I^ughes is a native of Jessamine county, Kentucky, and was
born January^ll, 1820. He is the sixth son and seventh child of John
Hughes and Elizabeth (Berry) Hughes. His grandfather, Joseph Hughes,
whose father settled on the eastern shore of Maryland at an early day,
was of Welch descent. He married Sarah Swann before the revolution,
and afterwards served gallantly in that war. In 1777, he moved to Penn-
sylvania, and settled in the old Red Stone Fort (now Brownsville), on the
Monongahela river, where John Hughes was born on the 26th of Novem-
ber, 1777. The family remained at that place till 1779, when they removed
to Kentucky, and for a number of years lived at Bryant's station. After
the Indian troubles subsided, they settled in Jessamine county, Kentucky.
The father of the subject of this sketch, as well as his maternal grand-
father, Samuel Berry, were soldiers in the war of 1812, and served with
becoming bravery under General Harrison. In 1822, when Joseph was
but two years old, his father emigrated to Missouri, and located in Boone
county, becoming one of the pioneer farmers of that section. Joseph S.
Hughes remained with his father on the farm until he was eighteen years
of age, when, in 1838, he came to Richmond, Ray county, Missouri,
where he now resides, and engaged as salesman in a dry goods store, and
continued to act as clerk and salesman until the year 1811. In that year,
by patient industry, self-denial and economy he had acquired sufficient
means to begin merchandizing on his own account. He continued the
business alone until 1819, when he and George I. Wasson, Esq., of Rich-
mond, formed a copartnership for the purpose of carrying on a general
mercantile business, under the firm name of Hughes & Wasson. This
copartnership existed till 1859. March the 1st, 1856, Joseph S. Hughes
was elected secretary of the Richmond Insurance Company, and continued
to fill that position until June 23, 1859, at which time he was elected cashier
of the branch of Union Bank, located at Richmond and served as such till
the national banking law supplanted the state banks. The parent bank,
organized under the national banking law virtually closed the branches,
and on the first day of January, 1866, the subject of our sketch and Geo.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 509

I. Wasson, Esq., became the purchasers of the assets of the Richmond
branch bank, and organized a private banking house, under the style of
Hughes & Wasson, which continued till January 1, 1877, when George I.
Wasson sold his interest to James Hughes and his son, Burnett Hughes.
Since that time the business has been conducted under the firm name of
J. S. Hughes & Co., private bankers and exchange dealers.

In 1869, when the St. Louis & St. Joseph railroad (now St. Joseph
branch of the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific), was completed to Richmond,
Joseph S. Hughes, with Messrs. John Gibson and William Wilson, com-
menced sinking a shaft for the purpose of developing the coal interests in
the vicinity of Richmond. The undertaking was quite successful, and by
energy, unyielding perseverance and close attention to business, they have
built up a trade of exceeding magnitude, which greatly augments the busi-
ness and material wealth of Richmond and surrounding country. It is
individual effort, industry and enterprise that most largely contribute to
the growth and prosperity of the entire country. While personal energy,
incited by a laudable ambition, enhances one's individual interests, it, at
the same time, promotes the welfare of the community. This being true,
it is safe to say that there is not a more useful citizen in Ray county, than
the subject of our sketch. Messrs. J. S. Hughes & Co., are now opera-
ting three mines, and employ upwards of one hundred miners. Their
coal is shipped to St. Joseph, whence, through their house at that place,
it is distributed in large quantities to southern Nebraska and northern
Kansas.

On the 2d day of October, 1844, Joseph S. Hughes was married to
Miss Ann Laura Hughes, step-daughter of the late Major John H. More-
*head, of Richmond, Missouri. They have an interesting, intelligent fam-
ily of six children, four sons and two daughters. Their oldest son, George
A. Hughes, is book-keeper in the banking house of J. S. Hughes & Co.,
and is also interested with his father in the Richmond coal mines. Charles
B., the second son, is also clerking in the same bank. Their elder daugh-
ter, Martha S. (Hughes) Ferguson, is the wife of James M. Ferguson,
Esq., a merchant of Columbia, Missouri. Their younger daughter, Mary
E., now at school at Christian College, Columbia, Missouri, and their two
youngest sons, Robert L. and John, are living with their parents and
attending the public schools of Richmond. Mr. Hughes has lived in
Richmond many years. He has seen the town grow from a rude hamlet
to a business place of considerable importance; and to him, and such gen-
tlemen as he, that growth, as well as the corresponding progress of the
county, is largely due.

51<> HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

JAMES HUGHES.

James Hughes was born March 30, 1814, in Jessamine county, Ken-
tucky. He was the tilth son, sixth child, of John and Elizabeth Hughes.
His mother was a daughter of Samuel Berry, who served as a soldier in
the war of 1812. His father was born in the old Red Stone Fort, (now
Brownsville) in Pennsylvania, in the year 1777, whence he was taken with
the family to Bryant's station, Kentucky, where they lived for several
years. Afterwards, for many years, his father resided in Jessamine
county, Kentucky. In 1822, when James was eight years old, his father
removed with his family to Missouri, and settled in Boone county, where
he was a pioneer farmer. James Hughes' father was a soldier in the war
of 1812, and served under General Harrison. His maternal grandfather
served under the same distinguished officer. His grandfather, Joseph
Hughes, was a soldier in the revolutionary war. James Hughes spent his
boyhood days in working with his father on the farm, and received his
education at a country school, which was subsequently known as Bonne
Fcmme Academy. When he was sixteen years old, he came, in 1830, to
Richmond, Ray county, Missouri, and engaged as clerk and salesman in
a dry goods store, continuing as clerk and salesman for different leading
mercantile firms in Richmond until 1837, when he engaged in merchandis-
ing on his own account, in partnership with his brother, Willis Hughes.
The firm continued to do an extensive, profitable business, till 1845, when,
closing his career as a merchant, our subject removed to the country, and
engaged in farming and dealing in live stock, which pursuit he followed
steadily, energetically and successful for more than thirty years. During
all that period he occupied the front rank among the best farmers'
in the state. He was even more successful as a farmer than as a merchant.
In January, 1877, he returned to Richmond and entered into the banking
business in partnership with his brother, Joseph S. Hughes and his son,
Burnett Hughes. His two sons, Ami and Allen Hughes, are farming and
dealing in live stock on the old homestead in the country. This is a model
farm of eight hundred and eighty-two acres, improved on the most
modern plan, and well stocked with the finest breeds of stock of all kinds.
Mr. Hughes is also largely interested in other real estate in different parts
of the county.

James Hughes was married in 1842, to Miss Elvira Smith, of Ray
county, Missouri, formerly of Pittsylvania county, Virginia. His wife
died on the 16th day of January, 1877. They raised a family of eight chil-
dren, six sons and two daughters. Their oldest child, Elizabeth V., is the
wife of William H. Mansur, cashier of the Bank of Salisbury. Their
son, Newton Hughes, is a clerk in the same bank. Henry Clay Hughes,
their oldest son, is a successful farmer, in Carroll county. Berry Hughes,

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 511

another son, is a farmer, and resides near Richmond, Ray county. Their
youngest child, a daughter, Louisa R. Hughes, is living with her father,
in Richmond. In politics, James Hughes was a Henry Clay whig, but
since the death of the great Kentuckian, and the dissolution of the whig
party, he has been, and continues to be a firm, but consistent, democrat.
He feels, as he has ever felt, a deep interest in the welfare, prosperity, and
future greatness of his county, state, and country. Such men are the bul-
warks of free government. James Hughes, in all the avocations of life
in which he has been engaged, has displayed energy, integrity, and a
just regard for the rights of his fellow-man. He, therefore, enjoys the
confidence of all who know him. He is spending even his declining
years in active business, as a banker, and in promoting the comfort, com-
petence, and happiness of his children. Estimating James Hughes by
the good he has done, he deserves to be more highly eulogized than many
whose names have been emblazoned in historv- The same honorable
career our subject has pursued is open to thousands of young men every-
where. The name of James Hughes will be a rich heritage for his chil-
dren, when he shall have ceased from his earthly labors, and his good
deeds shall be embalmed in their memories.

CHARLES J. HUGHES.

Charles J. Hughes was bora near Paris, Bourbon county, Kentucky,
June 27, 1822. His father, William Hughes, was a native of Culpepper
county, Virginia, and with his parents moved to Kentucky, and was one
of the early settlers of that state. He had no advantages of education,
having early in life enlisted as a soldier in the United States arnrry for the
repression of Indian hostilities, where he served with due devotion and
gallantry under General Arthur St. Clair. In the Indian fight, known as
St. Clair's defeat, which took place near where Cincinnati now stands,
November 4, 1791, he was wounded. He moved with his family to Boone
county, Missouri, in 1827, and settled two and a half miles south of
Columbia. Throughout his life he was esteemed for his high moral
character, and his home was ever the seat of hospitality and a place of
social enjoyment. In the year 1840 William Hughes died, respected by
all his acquaintances. The maiden name of Charles' mother was Lucy
Neal. She was born in Fauquier county, Virginia, and was of highly
respected parentage. She died shortly subsequent to the death of her
husband. The subject of this sketch had five brothers and three sisters,
all of whom are now dead, except the youngest brother, Julius C.
Hughes, of Colorado; Laura (Hughes) Sickles, widow of the late Doctor
Sickles, of St. Louis, and Catherine, wife of Doctor A. M. Robinson, of
Clinton county, Missouri. Charles received a good education from

512 HISTORY OF RAY COUNT V.

Columbia College, but pecuniary embarrassment compelled him to quit
school. He, however, continued to be a close student. He was noted
during his boyhood years as a bright and thorough scholar, so far as he
had advanced in the college curriculum. After leaving school he hired
out by the month, and was engaged six months with a surveving party on
the Great Chariton river, in Adair county, Missouri. After his return
home he entered the law office of Honorable J. B. Gordon, of Columbia,
then regarded as among the most prominent lawyers of the state. After
a severe course of some eighteen months' study in this office, he went to
Monticello, and for some time studied law in the office of Honorable
James S. Green, when he settled down to the practice of his profession, in
Kingston, Caldwell county, Missouri, a stranger, without money and with-
out friends. He soon acquired a good practice, being retained on one
side or the other of all important litigated cases in the courts of his
county, besides having a respectable practice in other counties of the
fifth judicial circuit. Shortly after becoming a citizen of Caldwell he
was appointed county seat commissioner of Kingston. In 1844 he was
elected to represent his county in the lower house of the general assem-
bly, and in 1846 was re-elected, and again in 1848, but resigned, and
devoted his time and attention diligently to the practice of his profession
till 1856, when he was again elected to the same position, and served
faithfully and efficiently for two years. During his terms of service in
the general assembly, he occupied prominent positions, being appointed a
member of many of the most important committees. He was chairman
of the committee on federal relations, a member of the judiciary commit-
tee, and of the committee on constitutional" amendments, etc. When the
cloud of civil war hung like a pall of darkness over the country, he, like
others, hoped in vain for compromise. He desired that bloodshed should
be avoided, if possible, and consistent with the honor and dignity of the
union.

In 1863, Charles J. Hughes, with his family, moved to Richmond, Ray
county, Missouri, and after what was known as the test oath was required
of lawyers, preachers and teachers, he looked upon it as a deep and dan-
gerous scheme to subvert the rights of the people; refusing to take such
oath, he removed to Kansas City in the fall of 1865, and engaged in the
real estate business, which he continued till the spring of 1867, when the
supreme court having declared the test oath unconstitutional, he returned
to the city of Richmond, and resumed the practice of law, soon re-estab-
lishing himself in an extensive lucrative practice. In the spring of 1871,
he was elected mayor of Richmond. In 1872 he w-as elected by the
Democratic voters of Ray county, judge of the court of common pleas.
This court was abolished in 1874, and Judge Hughes was, that year,
elected judge of the county and probate court. In 1878 he was elected

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 513

judge of the probate court and presiding justice of the Ray county court.
Judge Hughes held by appointment the office of county and circuit
attorney, county school commissioner, and curator of the state university,
and was, also, for a number of years director of the school board of the
Richmond graded school. He is the ardent friend of education, regard-
ing it as the paramount duty of our country to prepare, by liberal, free
education, the youth of the land for useful and honorable positions in
life. Whilst a member of the legislature he aided in procuring the
500,000 acre land grant to the public school fund. Judge Hughes is,
likewise, a warm advocate of internal improvement, as is evidenced by the
fact that he introduced into the Missouri legislature the first memorial
from his county, asking for the chartering of the Hannibal and St. Joseph
railroad, and aiding the same. He is a member of the Christian Church
at Richmond, and in his habits is temperate, industrious and upright. He
is widely known as a true friend, a generous neighbor, genial, obliging
and kind. He began life without means, and has succeeded by dint of
untiring energy and perseverance. It has always been his pride to aid
the young when starting out in life; nor have the deserving indigent ever
called on him in vain. In politics, Charles J. Hughes is a democrat of
the strictest faith; always conceding to others, however, the right of
enjoying and expressing their opinions. June 9, 1850, he was married to
Miss Susan Catharine Pollard, daughter of William C. Pollard, who rep-
resented Ray county in the legislature from 1834 to 1836, and wrho was
captain of a companv in Indian wars, and also in Colonel Richard Gen-
try's regiment in the Florida war.

Judge Hughes and wife have six children, three sons and three daugh-
ters, the eldest of whom, Charles James, Jr., graduated from Richmond
College, and is a fine scholar. He is now a successful lawyer, having
prepared himself for his profession at the State University, at Columbia.
He was married to Miss Lucy Menefee, of Richmond, in September,
1874, and now resides in Denver, Colorado. The other five children are
at home with their parents, to-wit: William Pollard, Margaret, Catha-
rine, Luanna J., John, and Edna.

Judge Hughes is five feet nine inches in height, has black hair and
eyes, and weighs one hundred and twenty pounds.

HON. JACOB TRIPLER CHILD.

Jacob Tripler Child wras born in the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,
January 19, 1833. His father, Ezekiel Child, was a descendant of one of
the Quaker families that came with William Penn to America. Some of
them still live in Philadelphia, where they first settled. He was a natural
mechanic, and spent much of his time in perfecting locomotive steam
engines. He died of cholera, at Richmond, Virginia, in 1856. The

514 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

mother of the subject of this sketch, Susan L. Child (whose maiden
name was Tripler) was of a Danish family of pioneers that settled in
Delaware at a very early day, but afterwards removed to Richmond,
Virginia. Ezekiel and Susan L. Child had six children. The eldest,
John T. Child, is a citizen of Wilmington, North Carolina; L. T. Child,
of Worcester, Massachusetts; Jesse Child, of Richmond, Virginia;
Elizabeth L. is now the wife of W. C. Tripler, of Philadelphia, Pennsyl-
vania; Susan is the wife of Colonel James W. Black, a lawyeu of Rich-
mond, Missouri, and Jacob T., the subject of this sketch, who is the fourth
son. Jacob T. Child received a common school education, and when
fifteen years of age, entered the office of the Richmond (Virginia) Whig,
where he served an apprenticeship of five years, at the expiration of
which time, he was employed in the same office for three years, thus
becoming an adept in the profession. In 1856 he, in company with a
party of young men, emigrated to Kansas. During the border ruffian
troubles, he left that state and went to St. Joseph, Missouri, where he
engaged with the editor of the Cycle. In 1857, he established the tri-
weekly Journal, which in a short time, he converted into a daily — the
first in the Missouri valley. In 1861 he sold the Journal, and edited the
Gazette a short time; after which he founded the Evening News, a strong
democratic paper. He then removed to Richmond, Missouri, and pur-
chased the Northwest Conservator, the name of which he changed to
Richmond Conservator, of which he is still (1881) the editor and proprie-
tor. The Conservator has never failed to appear at the appointed day
each week — not even on July lfth, 1869, when a tornado unroofed the
building. At the beginning of the late civil war, Jacob T. Child accepted
the appointment of major, in Governor Stewart's regiment, which, how-
ever, did not go into service. He was then appointed adjutant of the
35th Missouri volunteers, and served on the lower Mississippi, under
General Grant. He was next promoted to be captain of company F,
which position he resigned on account of ill health. He afterwards
organized a company of Missouri militia (Papaws), and was chosen first
lieutenant, engaging in active service until the close of the war. In 1874,
he represented Ray county in the twenty-seventh general assembly, and
served creditably on several important committees. At the close of his
term, he was elected mayor of the city of Richmond.

Colonel Child has always taken an active part in politics, and has been
a delegate to every democratic state convention since his identifica-
tion with that party. Like many of our great men, he is not renowned
for his oratory, but has wide influence with his party, intrepidly using the
columns of his paper to advance those measures of state and national pol-
itics, which he believes to be conducive to the general welfare of the people.
He has been a member of- the Independent Order of Odd Fellows for

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. OiO

more than twenty years; is now president of the Missouri press associa-
tion, and has held many other important offices. Jacob T. Child was
married April 23d, 1861, to Elizabeth Rebecca McRoberts, of Kentucky,
whose father was Major Andrew McRoberts, one of the pioneers of the
mountains, and resided at Cumberland Gap, where he was celebrated for
his courage, strength and endurance. He and his wife, with whom he
has lived for more than fifty years, reside with their daughter in Rich-
mond, Missouri. Colonel and Mrs. Child have five children, four sons
and one daughter. He is a member of the Christian Church, and is deeply
interested in everything that has a tendency to promote the cause of edu-
cation and religion in the community in which he lives, and his future is
full of promise.

THOMAS D. BOGIE.

Thomas Dudley Bogie, a native of Kentucky, was born on Silver
Creek, in Madison countv, August 26th, 1838. Paternal grandfather
was born on board of a vessel, on the Atlantic ocean, between Europe
and the United States. His father, Thomas Bogie, also a native of Madi-
son county, Kentucky, was of Scotch descent, and was born in Decem-
ber, 1804. His mother, Frances S. (Stephenson) Bogie, was born in the
same locality in 1818.

Thomas D. Bogie, being the son of a farmer, was raised on a farm, and,
performing the labor incident to that vocation, lived till he attained his
majority, in the vicinity of his place of birth. The schools of his neigh-
borhood were few and inferior, and hence his school advantages were
quite meagre. He attended the common schools, such as they were,
three months in the winter, and the rest of the year aided his father on the
farm — a work from which he lost not a single season till he was twenty-
one years of age. His attendance at school, altogether, did not exceed
eighteen months. In September of 1859, young Bogie, then twenty-one,
accompanied his father and family to Randolph county, Missouri, and the
following spring embarked in the mercantile business in Huntsville, that
county. He continued merchandising, with varied success, till 1869. The
first year of his experience as a merchant, was, on account of the civil
war, quite unprofitable; from 1866, however, till he abandoned the mer-
cantile business, he was very successful. When, in 1870, he sold his inter-
est in the dry goods store, Col. Bogie entered into the printing busi-
ness, becoming the partner of J. S. Hunter, Esq., and with that gentle-
man, was editor and proprietor of the HuntsviUc Herald, and so continued
till January, 1875, when he bought Mr. Hunter's interest, and conducted
the paper as sole proprietor until January, 1879. March 16th, 1872, he
started, in connection with Hunter, the Keytesville Herald, which they con-
ducted successfully for two and a half years, "at the same time owning and

516 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

editing the Huntsville Herald. In January, 1879, Col. Bogie sold the
Huntsville Herald to Elmore Fort, Esq., and the following April moved
to Richmond, Missouri, and here, April 5th, purchased the printing estab-
lishment of S. J. Huflaker, editor and proprietor of the Ray Chronicle,
the name of which he subsequently changed to Richmond Democrat, and
under that name still (1881) owns, edits and conducts the paper. Decem-
ber 8th, 1863, in Callaway county, Missouri, Col. Bogie was married to
Miss Doratha Virginia Maughas, a native of Danville, Montgomery
county, Missouri, and daughter of the late Dr. M. M. Maughas, of Calla-
way county. They have four children, one of whom, Charles F., born
September 26th, 1865, died February 13th, 1S66. The living are: Dud-
ley T., Mordecai M. and Rector S. Col. Bogie's father died in July,
1873, at his home in Randolph county, Missouri, aged sixty-nine. His
mother died in May, 187-1, at Keytesville, Chariton county, aged fifty-six.
He has been a Mason since 1861; is a member of Blue Lodge and of the
Royal Arch Chapter; he is also a member of the Ancient Order of
United Workmen, of the Knights of Pythias, and of the Christian
Church. The success achieved by Thomas D. Bogie is a striking exam-
ple of what may be accomplished by devotion to duty, talent, industry
and perseverance. The young man who emulates his example, will be
happily rewarded, and his pathway to the grave will be all strewn with
roses.

SILAS R. CRISPIN.

Silas R. Crispin was born August 28, 1837, in Fayette county, Ohio.
When about ten years of age his parents moved with him to Highland
county, that state, where he grew to manhood. His father, Abel Crispin,
born in 1819, was a native of Pennsylvania. He died in Highland county,
above mentioned, in 1856. His mother, Mary A. (Wilson) Crispin, was
born in Mason county, Kentucky, and died in 1852. In 1857, when he
was twenty years old, Silas R. Crispin moved to Lafayette county, Mis-
souri, and has ever since been a resident of the state. He was first
employed as overseer of a plantation, but afterward engaged in the
freighting business across the plains for a time, running a train of wagons
to Denver, Colorado. In the winter of 1858-'59 he went to Mexico, by
way of St. Louis and New Orleans, and bought mules, which he brought
to Lexington, Kentucky, and sold. In the spring of 1860 he again crossed
the plains, to Denver, Colorado. In 1862 he joined the Confederate army,
and served in company I, Colonel Gardner's regiment of General Joe O.
Shelby's cavalry brigade. At the organization of his company, Mr.
Crispin was elected second lieutenant. He participated, among others, in
the following engagements: Camp Hurky, Lone Jack, Springfield,
Prairie Grove, Newtonia, Hartsville, Little Rock, Spoonville, Mark's

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 517

Mills, Jenkins' Ferry, Helena, and other minor engagements. He was
with Price on his last raid through Missouri. He took part in more than
forty battles, but never received a wound, nor was he ever taken prisoner.
In 1863 he was promoted to be captain of his company, which position
he held till the close of the war. After the surrender of General Lee, in
April, 1865, he took his company to Clarksville, Texas, where he
remained until the 20th of the following June, when he started for Mem-
phis, Tennessee, reaching that place about the middle of July, 1865. He
there surrendered the last remaining regularly organized company of the
Confederate army. He was a true soldier, and fought cheerfully and
bravely for the cause he believed to be right, so long as a ray of hope
remained to inspire himself and his gallant comrades to arms. He was
and is an upright, genial gentleman, and his true soldierly bearing won
the respect and affection, not only of his own company, but of every fel-
low-soldier who knew him. After the war Captain Crispin engaged in
freighting across the plains, and continued in this occupation till the sum-
mer of 1866, when he returned to Ray county, Missouri, and entered
into the mercantile business, which he has followed ever since. He has
an extensive, valuable stock of goods, and receives, as he deserves, a most
liberal patronage. Captain Silas R. Crispin was married January 29,
1867, to Miss Lizze Mason, of Ray county. Of this marriage one child,
George H., born September 9, 1868, is now living. His wife, an estima-
ble, accomplished lady, died March 22, 1877. April 9, 1879, Captain
Crispin was again married, to Miss Malinda Shaw, of Ray county, a
lady of intelligence, whose character is adorned by all the graces of
womanhood.

AARON H. CONROW.

Aaron H. Conrow was born June 19, 1821:, near Cincinnati, Ohio. He
spent part of his boyhood days at, or near Pekin, Illinois, and from that
place, with his parents, moved to Missouri, and settled in Ray county.
Here, by dint of his own energy, he obtained a pretty thorough educa-
tion, teaching school part of the time in order to get means to complete
the same. In this he was very successful. He then chose the law as a
profession, and by rigid economy and sedulous application, succeeded in
making an eminent lawyer. On the 17th of May, 1828, he was married
to Miss Mary Ann Quesenberry, daughter of David H. and Lucinda
Quesenberry, of Richmond, Missouri. From this union resulted the
following children: David, Benjamin, William S., and Mamie. He was
appointed by the governor, judge of the first probate court established in
Ray county. From January, 1857, to January, 1861, he was circuit attor-
ney of the fifth judicial circuit of Missouri-; an office that had previously
been filled by such eminent lawyers as Hamilton R. Gamble, Abiel Leon-

518 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

ard, Charles French, Robert W. Wells, Amos Rees, Thomas C. Burch,
Peter H. Burnett, George W. Dunn, and others, but by none of them
more zealously and efficiently than by the subject of this sketch. He
was a brilliant and successful advocate, a fine judge of law, and never
descended to even the slightest artifice to gain the advantage of an oppos-
ing brother lawyer. He was above all littleness, open, candid, ingenuous.
He was the preceptor of three young men who afterward became able
and prominent lawyers; one of them is now a circuit judge, and the biog-
raphy of another, who lives in Richmond, appears in this volume. Aaron
H. Conrow was ever the fast friend of education, and no man contributed
more liberally than he, in proportion to his means, to the support of insti-
tutions of learning. He was ever a safe counselor in matters of moment
relative to the town and community in which he lived. In 1860 he was
elected to the state general assembly — a democrat worthy to be trusted.
He was in the general assembly at the beginning of the war, and sided
with the south. He was instrumental in recruiting and equipping the
first company organized in Ray for the defense of what he believed to be
right. He ranked as colonel in the Missouri state guards, a military
organization he had helped to create by his vote in the general assembly.
He was by a majority of his comrades elected to represent his district in
the confederate congress, and in that capacity, as in all others, served
with singular zeal and promptness. He was present at the first meeting
and at the final adjournment of that body. At the close of the war the
amnesty agreed upon did not extend to members of the confederate
congress, and fearing that if he fell into the hands of the successful party
his life would be taken, he went to Mexico, and soon after arriving in
that country, he was brutally murdered by a band of Mexican soldiers,
on or about the 25th of August, A. D. 1865.

JOHN R. HAMILTON.

John R. Hamilton was born September 2, 1856, in Ray county, Mis-
souri. Received his education at the State University, Columbia, Mis-
souri, graduating in the law department of that institution, in the class of
1879. Prior to attending the university he had read law three years with
Hon. C. T. Garner, of Richmond. He was admitted to the practice of
his profession in March, 1880. He is the son of Thomas Hamilton, a
native of Kentucky, who moved to Ray county, in 1811. His mother,
whose maiden name was Rebecca Shackelford, was a native of Clay
county, Missouri. Mr. Hamilton is an exemplary young man, of excep-
tionally good character, and his close application and untiring energy will,
it is believed, be duly rewarded.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 519

JOHN W. SHOTWELL.

The subject of this sketch was born July 4, 1828, in Mason county,
Kentucky. His father was Judge Jabez Shotwell, who was born in Ken-
tucky, in 1791, and died in Ray county, Missouri, in 1871. He was for
many years judge of the Ray county court; a highly honorable and use-
ful citizen, who will long be kindly remembered by all who knew him,
living. His mother was likewise a native of Kentucky, born in 1797, and
died in 1852. In the fall of 1833 Mr. Shotwell moved with his parents to
Lexington, Missouri, and in the fall of 1835, to Richmond, Ray county,
where he now resides. Early in 1855 he began reading law, with Messrs.
Oliver & Conrow, of Richmond, as his preceptors. He was admitted to
the bar June 1, 1856. He is a successful lawyer, familiar with the differ-
ent departments of his profession, and has been a close student. He
enjoys an excellent reputation both as a lawyer and as a gentleman. In
1877 he associated with him in the practice, J. E. Ball, Esq.; the partners
have a lucrative practice, as well as the confidence of the public. Mr.
Shotwell was elected one of the directors of the Ray County Savings
Bank, at its organization, and has been connected with it ever since. In
February, 1880, he was elected its vice president, a position he still
retains. In the year last mentioned he, in connection with W. P. Hubbell
and L. D. Priest, sunk a coal shaft near the railroad depot in the western
part of the city, to the depth of one hundred feet. They employ, in oper-
ating this mine, about twenty men. The coal is of superior quality, the
vein exhaustless, and the business exceedingly profitable. Mr. Shot-
well accompanied General Price, as a soldier in the state guards, in Col.
Reaves' regiment, to Camp Cowskin Prairie, and took part in the battles
of Carthage and Wilson's Creek. February 14, 1861, he was married to
Miss Julia E. Devlin, a native of Michigan. They have seven children
living, five boys and two girls: Anna, John W., Joseph, Lizzie D., Wil-
liam M., Benjamin E. and Horace. Mr. Shotwell is a member of the
Baptist Church, while his wife is a member of the M. E. Church South.
They are exemplary Christians, and respected by the entire community
in which they live. Mr. Shotwell is also a member of the Masonic frater-
nity and of the Knights of Honor.

THOMAS L. SHAW.

Thomas L. Shaw is a native of Bedford county, Tennessee. He was
born September 13, 1820. In May, 1836, he moved with his parents to
Richmond, Ray county, Missouri, where he has ever since resided. Most
of his life has been spent as a farmer. In 1850, he crossed the plains with
ox teams, to California, returning in the winter of 1852 and '53. In 1S68,
he sold his farm and opened the stone quarry known as Carroll county

520 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

sand stone quarry, with which he is still connected as part owner. In
1879, he entered into the grain trade in Richmond, and to this business he
has given most of his personal attention since that time. From 1870 to
1879 he was proprietor of the livery stable known as McCuistion's stable
at present. He still owns the barn. Mr. Shaw was married March 9,
1842, to Jane H. Ewing, a native of Ray county. They had four chil-
dren, two of whom, Alice B. and Florence M., are living. Joseph F. and
an infant are deceased. His wife died April 7, 18-19. He was again mar-
ried in the winter of 1851, to Ann Summerville, a Virginian by birth.
She died May 22, 1856; and he was a third time married October 9, 1859,
to Martha W. Bowen, of Bedford county, Tennessee. The offspring of
this union are two children, Ida J. and Charles C. His third wife died
September 2, 1875; and December 23, 1878, Mary H. Morrow, of Rich-
mond, became his fourth wife. Mr. Shaw was one of the pioneers of
Ray county, having come to Richmond when there were but five or six
log cabins in the town, and the country was sparsely settled. He is a
reliable, upright and honorable citizen, and takes a lively interest in the
growth and prosperity of his town and county. He is a member of the
M. E. Church South. ,

ALEXANDER A. McCUISTION.

Captain Alexander A. McCuistion was born February 21, 1827, in Bed-
ford county, Tennessee. When he was but three years of age his parents
moved with him to Missouri, and settled in Rav county. His father,
Thomas McCuistion, was born December 12, 1792; was a native of North
Carolina, and died in Ray count\r, Missouri, March 7, 1880. His mother's
maiden name was Nancy Jordan. She is a native of Tennessee, born
December 12, 1802, and is living with her son, the subject of this sketch,
in Richmond. In his early manhood, Captain McCuistion was in both
farming and mercantile pursuits. In 1861, he enlisted as a soldier in the
Confederate army, Captain J. °K. McDowell's company, of Colonel B. A.
Reaves' regiment. He participated in the battles of Pea Ridge and
Corinth, after which he was transferred to the commissary department, as
clerk therein, and remained in that service till the close of the war. When
peace was restored he retured home to Ray county, and resumed farm-
ing, which he continued till 1874, when he was, on the democractic ticket,
elected by the people clerk of the Ray county court. He took charge of the
office January 1, 1875, and served four years. At the expiration of
his term as county clerk, Captain McCuistion abandoned politics, and
engaged in business in Richmond, as proprietor of a livery and feed
stable, his present occupation. He is a member of the Christian Church,
and also the Masonic fraternity. He was married September 16, 1852, to
Miss Susanna S. Berry, of Kentucky. They have three children, all sons,

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 521

as follows: Augustus L., salesman in the store of J. C. Brown & Co.,
Richmond; Edward P., with his father in the livery business, and George
H., deputy sheriff of Ray county. His wife, who was an estimable lady,
died September 28, 1870. He was a second time married, August 28,
1875, to Mary E. Smith, a native of Ray county. She is a member of the
M. E. Church South, and an exemplary christian. They had one child,
but it died in infancy. Captain McCuistion was an honest and capable
officer, and retired from his office universally esteemed. He is, likewise,
an honorable and useful citizen.

NATHANIEL DAVIS, M. D.

Nathaniel Davis was born July 31, 1807, in Washington county, East
Tennessee. When he was about five years old, his parents moved with
him to Knox county, Tennessee, where he spent his youth and passed the
threshold of manhood. At the age of twenty-two, he was entered a
student in the University of East Tennessee, and graduated with honor,
from that institution in 1832. After which he attended the famous Jeffer-
son Medical College, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and in the spring of
1834, received his diploma of graduation therefrom. He then selected
Ray county, Missouri, as the field of his future labors, and started for the
" far west " to carve out his destiny. How well he has succeeded, let the
affection of his neighbors, and the respect and the esteem in which he is
held by the people of the entire county, together with his comfortable
home and surroundings, bear testimony. His character is untainted, and
his very name is the synonym of integrity, hospitality and charity. He
has grown old; the frosts of many winters have settled on his head, and
"full of years and of honor, " he has retired from the practice of his pro-
fession to pass the remainder of his declining years in the quietude of his
home, near the eastern limits of Richmond. He was an eminently suc-
cessful practitioner, because he was skillful, prompt, and always reliable.
In 1837, he was thrown from a horse, and by this accident his ankle was
dislocated and broken, thereby permanently laming him. Dr. Davis was
here through the exciting period of the "Mormon war," and was com-
pelled to seek safety by leaving his home for a time. During the great
civil war, however, he remained at home, and was not seriously molested.
In the fall of the year 1837, Dr. Nathaniel Davis was united in marriage
with Miss Mariah A. Allen, of Ray county. She was, however, a native
of Virginia. They have had six children, two of whom are deceased.
The living are as follows: James A., collector of Ray county; Margaret
Ann, wife of Murray F. McDonald, a merchant of Richmond; Alice,
widow of George Mason, deceased, late of Richmond, and Samuel B.,
deputy county collector. His wife died August 23, 1878. She was a

522 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

lady of cheerful disposition, and added to an exemplary Christian charac-
ter, gentle manners and the graces of womanhood.

JAMES A. DAVIS.

James A. Davis, son of Nathaniel Davis, M. D., is a native of Ray
county, Missouri, and was born November 27, 1837. He was educated
at the Richmond College, Richmond, Missouri. In 1862 he engaged in
the mercantile business in Richmond, in company with James F. Hudgins
and Thomas H. Bayliss, and continued in that pursuit till November, 1864;
at which time he withdrew from the firm, and went to Salt Lake City,
Utah, where he remained one year, and then returned to Richmond, and
resumed business, continuing about five years. He then engaged in farm-
ing, and after about three years became deputy county collector for Thos.
B. Fowler, Esq., and subsequently for Mr. Fowler's successor, A. M.
Fowler, Esq., acting as deputy altogether, five years. At the general
election in November, 1878, he was elected, as a democrat, to the office
of collector of Ray county, which office he now holds, having been
re-elected in November, 1880. He is an excellent officer, serving the peo-
ple with efficiency and fidelity; he enjoys their entire confidence, of which
he has proven himself eminently worthy. He was married May 15, 1861,
to Miss Mary Triplett, of Rappahannock county, Virginia. She was an
intelligent, amiable lady, but died November 26, 1864. To this union one
child, Carrie, now the wife of Frank Clark, Esq., of Ray county, was
born. May 15, 1866, Mr. Davis was again married to Miss Alice M.
Hughes, of Howard county, Missouri. She is an accomplished lady, of
refined and captivating manners, and ingenuous disposition. They have
five children, to-wit: Harry, Frank, Katy, Lucy, and Alice. Mr, Davis
is a member of the Masonic fraternity, in good standing.

JAMES L. FARRIS.

James L. Farris was born in Williamsburg, Kentucky, May 7, 1833.
At the age of three years his parents moved with him to near Dandridge,
Jefferson county, Tennessee. He was entered a student at Burnsville
(Anson county, North Carolina,) High School, at which institution he
received his literary training. In 1855 he began the study of law with
Colonel David Coleman as his preceptor. In 1856 he removed to Ray
county, and engaged in teaching school, at the same time pursuing his
law studies. He continued teaching till 1860, in which year he was
admitted to the bar. In the spring of 1861 he joined the Confederate
army, entering the service in the Missouri state guard, under General
Sterling Price. He subsequently enlisted in the regular Confederate
army, and for his devotion, gallantry and soldierly bearing was promoted
to a captaincy of artillery, and commanded the second battery organized

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 523

in Missouri for the Confederate service. He participated in the battles of
Lexington, Missouri; Pea Ridge, Iuka, Corinth, the siege of Jackson,
Mississippi, and fought through the Georgia campaign under General #
Joseph E. Johnston, taking part in all its engagements. He was with
Hood in his march upon and retreat from Nashville, Tennessee, as well
as in the battle of Selma, Alabama, under the famous cavalry officer,
General Forrest. He surrendered and was paroled at Gainesville, Ala-
bama, in May, 1865. He was a true soldier, brave, vigilant, and always
in his place in time of battle. After the surrender he went to Carlinville,
Illinois, and in 1867 began the practice of law in that city. In 1869 he
returned to Richmond, Ray county, where he has since resided, prac-
ticing his profession. He has served two terms as prosecuting attorney
of Ray county. In 1875 he was elected by the people a member of the
constitutional convention that framed the present state constitution, and
in the deliberations of that body took an active and prominent part. He
was elected in 1876 to represent Ray county in the twenty-ninth^ general
assembly, and in that position, as in all others, acquitted himself creditably
and to the satisfaction of his constituents. Captain Farris is a brilliant
public speaker; his speeches sparkle with wit and humor, and when occa-
sion requires it, his denunciatory language is very powerful, his sarcasm
withering; yet he never descends to vulgarity or to indecency of speech.
He charms his auditors by his fascinating address, easy manner and
graceful, significant gestures. He was married on the last day of July,
1859, to Miss Amanda Tisdale, an intelligent, accomplished lady, of Ray
county. Two sons, Don W. and James L., Jr., are the offspring of this
marriage. His wife died March 6, 1862, and January 15, 1873, he was
again married, to Miss Olivia N. Gaultney, of Yazoo county. She is an
intelligent and accomplished lady. They have had one child, a daughter,
Jennie I.

JAMES W. GARNER.

James W. Garner was born in Richmond, Ray county, Missouri, on
the 4th day of March, 1851. His father is the Honorable Christopher
T. Garner, Sr., of Richmond. His mother, E. B. Garner, is the daughter
of James Mosby, Sr., and sister of W. W. Mosby, M. D., also of Rich-
mond. The subject of this sketch graduated from the Richmond College
in the class of 1870 and '71. Immediately after graduating, he entered
upon the study of law, in the office of his father, Honorable C. T. Gar-
ner, and General A. W. Doniphan, who were then co-partners in the
practice of law at Richmond, Ray county. He was a close, careful and
persevering student, and being naturally of superior intellect, his compre-
hensive mind thoroughly mastered the theory of law in all its intricate
fundamental branches; and on the 6th day of March, 1873, was admitted

524 HISTORY OF RAY COUNT V

to the bar. Though the Richmond bar was exceptionally able, and many
of its members distinguished for their learning and ability, our subject, by
dint of his pluck, energy and manly deportment, entered at once upon a
paying practice, which has ever since continued to increase, till he now
enjoys a reputation as a lawyer second to few men in the fifth judicial cir-
cuit of Missouri. Mr. Garner is a young man, scarcely yet in the prime
of life, and an honorable and successful career, both professionally, and as
a private citizen, is undoubtedly before him. November 4, 1873, James
W. Garner was married to Miss Leonora Snoddy, of Howard county,
Missouri, daughter of Samuel W. and Susan F. Snoddy. After his mar-
riage with Miss Snoddy, he formed a co-partnership with his father for
the practice of his profession, under the firm name of C. T. Garner &
Son. This partnership existed till James W. Garner was elected pros-
ecuting attorney for Ray county, (see list of county officers) which posi-
tion he now holds. Mr. Garner is a democrat, and on the democratic
ticket has been twice elected by the people of his county as their pros-
ecuting attorney. During his first term of office, a great many impor-
tant cases were tried, among others the noted case of the State of Mis-
souri vs. J. T. Keyes. The trial of this case occupied fourteen days, and
was conducted by our subject with singular abilit}r and energy. There
was also much litigation arising from the issuance of certain municipal
bonds, in aid of the St. Louis & St. Joseph railroad, involving several
hundred thousand dollars; all of which he attended faithfully, without
assistance, and without causing the county additional expense. Mr. Gar-
ner has held several important and very responsible positions, and in the
discharge of all his duties, official and private, has been honest, faithful
and capable. He was one of the local attorneys for the St. Louis, Kansas
City & Northern railway company, and in 1878 was a member of the
city council of the city of Richmond. As an officer, James W. Garner is
entirely equal to the trust the people have conferred upon him ; their con-
fidence is in nowise misplaced. As a gentleman he is genial and obliging,
and in every department of life, honest, honorable and reliable.

HENRY C. GARNER, M. D.

Henry C. Garner was born March 21, 1827, in Fayette, Howard
county, Missouri, and lived there with his parents till 1841, when he came
to Ray county, where he has lived ever since. In 1844 he went to Ken-
tucky to complete his literary and medical education, and entered, as a
student, Transylvania Medical College, at Lexington, Kentucky, from
which he graduated in the spring of 1850. He then returned to Rich-
mond, Missouri, and formed a co-partnership, for the practice of his pro-
fession, with Dr. Joseph Chew, now of Kansas City. After Dr. Chew's
removal to Kansas City, Dr. Garner practiced alone for some time, and

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 525

entered into partnership with Dr. Geo. W. Buchanan; they continued to
practice together till 1860, when he formed a partnership with J. M.
Allen, M. D., now the president of the state medical association of Mis-
souri. This partnership lasted until 1861, when Dr. Allen joined the Con-
federate army. Dr. Garner subsequently became associated with Dr. W.
W. Mosby in the practice of medicine, and so continued till 1874, when
he was elected cashier of the Ray County Savings Bank, which position
he now holds and has held ever since. On becoming cashier of this
bank he retired from the active practice of his profession, and, at present,
his services are available only in cases of consultation. Dr. Garner had a
large and lucrative practice; in his early days it extended into the coun-
ties of Clay, Carroll and Lafayette. He was a close student and kept
fully abreast of the progress in medical science. Henry C. Garner is
eminently a self-made man, having begun life as a poor boy; by energy,
perseverance and rigid economy, he acquired means to educate himself —
solely by his own efforts, excepting some pecuniary assistance received
from his brother, Jno. C. Garner, whom he afterward fully repaid. He
has always enjoyed the confidence and esteem alike of his professional
brethren and of the people. While Dr. Garner was a remarkably suc-
cessful practitioner, well read and learned in his profession, it is not as a
physician that he is to be most admired; his high moral character, devo-
tion to duty, gentlemanly bearing, and sterling worth as a member of
society, challenge the respect of all. He was treasurer of Ray county
from 1863 to 1867; has also been mayor of the city of Richmond, and
has held other positions of public trust. December the 9th, 1852, Henry
C. Garner was married to Eugenia A. Hudwall, of Chariton county,
Missouri. They have eight children living, four boys and four girls:
Thomas H., Edward S., Mattie M., Eugenia A., Henry C, Trigg, Docia
Elizabeth, and Mabel Everett. Dr. Garner and his wife, who is an
amiable lady of intelligence and refinement, are members of the M. E.
Church South. He is also a Mason.

WILLIAM A. HOLMAN, M. D.

William A. Holman is a native of Ray county, Missouri. He was
born October 3, 1837, and, being the son of a farmer, was reared on a
farm. In May, 1861, he enlisted as a private soldier in company C,3d Mis-
souri infantry volunteers, of the Confederate army. He was a partici-
pant in the battles of Pea Ridge, Baker's Creek, Iuka, Corinth, and
Vicksburg, at which place he was captured; he was however, exchanged
in a few months and returned to his command. Under General J. E.
Johnston, he fought through the Georgia campaign, and was afterward
with Hood, who superseded Johnston in his raid through Tennessee.
After the battle of Corrinth, he was promoted, for gallant conduct in that

526 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

engagement, from orderly sergeant to first lieutenant. He surrendered at
Mobile, Alabama, in April, 1865. Upon his return home, he began the
study of medicine, subsequently entered the St. Louis Medical College,
and graduated from that institution in the spring of 1869; after which he
located for the purpose of practicing his profession in Albany, Ray coun-
ty, where he remained till January, 1874. In that month he came to
Richmond, and engaged in the drug business. In 1876, he was elected
treasurer of Ray county, after which he sold his drug store. He was
re-elected in 1878, and again in 1880, and is now serving out, with
honesty, fidelity and efficiency, a third term as county treasurer of Ray
county. He is a member of the church, as is his wife, whose maiden
name was Eliza McGee, and to whom he was married April 29, 1869.
Mrs. Holman is a refined and exemplary Christian lady, and both she and
her husband, are respected throughout the entire community in which
they live. They have one daughter living — Blanche, born November
18, 1872.

JAMES E. BALL.

James E. Ball was born September 9, 1854, in Carroll county, Missouri.
He is the son of Francis M. Ball, who was a native of Ray county, Mis-
souri, born in August, 1826. He lost his life in the cyclone of June 1, 1878,
which devastated a large portion of the city of Richmond. At the time
of his death he was a member of the city council, and was, as he had ever
been, an honored citizen, highly esteemed for the excellence of his moral
character, and as a gentleman in all the relations of life. James E. Ball,
the grandfather of our subject, was a native of Virginia, and immigrated
to Ray county in 1818, thus becoming one of its pioneers. He died in
Arkansas, at some time in the late civil war. In 1865, the subject of this
sketch moved with his father and family to Richmond, where he now
resides. He was educated at Richmond College, and in March, 1873,
began the study of the law, under the instruction of Hon. John W. Shot-
well. He was admitted to the bar in June, 1875; at once entered upon the
practice of his profession, in partnership with his former preceptor, with
whom he is yet so associated. James E. Ball was married January 17,

1877, to Miss Lizzie Shotwell, an accomplished young lady of Lafayette
county, Missouri. They have one child living, Bessie, born November 10,

1878. Mr. Ball has twice served as city attorney, and is now a member
of the city council. He is a young man of steady habits, temperate, studi-
ous and industrious.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 527

JAMES T. McGINNIS.

James T. McGinnis, a native of Ray county, Missouri, was born June
12, 1857. His father, Captain Thomas McGinnis, was for a number of
years a merchant in Hardin, this county, and when not at school, James
assisted him in the store. He was four years deputy sheriff of Ray county,
during the incumbency of his father. At the general election in Novem-
ber, 1880, although but twenty-three years of age, he was elected sheriff
of Ray county. His term is not yet expired, and he is serving the people
faithfully and efficiently. He is the youngest sheriff Ray county ever had,
and probably the youngest ever elected to that office in the state. He is a
member of the Masonic fraternity, and a young man of great promise.

WILLIAM R. JACKSON.

William R, Jackson, born December 28, 1831, is a native of Ray county,
Missouri. He has lived in this county from his birth to the present time.
Until 1857 he was engaged in farming. In that year he moved to Rich-
mond, and in 1868 opened a furniture and hardware store. In all his busi-
ness enterprises Mr. Jackson has been quite successful. In 1880 he erected
on the north side of the public square, Richmond, a large brick store-
room, and now has therein the largest stock of furniture and hardware in
this part of the state. In 1877, he also opened a lumber yard and an
agricultural implement house, which are now under the management of
his brothers-in-law, Messrs. John Patton and Calvin Houser. They keep
a full supply of all kinds of lumber and farming implements. Mr. Jack-
son was never sworn in as a soldier in the Confederate service, but he
accompanied Colonel Rivers and General Slack to the southern part of
the state, and took part in the battles of Carthage, Wilson's Creek, and
Dry Wood. He was married April 1, 1863, to Miss Lucy J. Holman, of
Ray county, an accomplished lady of gentle and captivating manners.
They have two children living: Ellen S., born July 25, 1866, and Elwood,
born January 31, 1868, and one deceased — died in infancy. Mr. Jackson
is a successful, enterprising business man, and by his liberality and public
spirit has done much to build up the city of Richmond.

MAURICE C. JACOBS.

Maurice C. Jacobs was born in Richmond, Ray county, Missouri,
August 3, 1838. He received his education at the Richmond College,
and in the spring of 1866 graduated from the Eclectic. Medical Institute of
Cincinnati, Ohio. He began the practice of his profession in Elkhorn,
Ray county, but after a time, moved to Napoleon, a town in Missouri, on
the boundary line, between Lafayette and Jackson counties. After
practicing in that village some time, he returned to Richmond. In the

528 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

fall of 1874, he purchased the drug store of Messrs. Bullock & Donald-
son, and since that time has been engaged as druggist and apothecary, at
the same time practicing his profession. He is at present (April, 1881)
the only eclectic physician in Richmond, and he has an extensive, lucrative
practice. June 11, 1862, Maurice C. Jacobs was married to Miss
Amanda E. Hudspeth, of Jackson county, Missouri. She died March
13, 1862; and August 1st, 1867, Dr. Jacobs was again married to Mrs.
Helen M. Huston Morton, of Portsmouth, Ohio. Dr. Jacobs is an
affable, agreeable gentleman, and justly merits the success he has
achieved. He, as well as his wife, is a member of the Christian Church,
and his good moral character is worthy of the highest emulation. He is
also a Mason, Odd Fellow, and a member of the order of Knights of
Pythias.

WILLIAM A. CRAIN.

William A. Crain was born November 3, 1820, in Flemming county,
Kentucky. His father was William Crain, who was born in Fauquier
county, Virginia, in 1784, and died in March, 1869, in Flemming county,
Kentucky, in his eighty-fifth year. He has three brothers and four sisters
living, as follows: John L., of Flemming county, Kentucky; James S.,
of Butte county, California; Noble H., of Flemming county, Kentucky;
Rhoda Wilson, of Richmond, Missouri; Elizabeth E., of Bath county,
Kentucky; Sarah Hilligoss, of Flemming county, Kentucky, and Amanda
Carpenter, of Flemming county, Kentucky. William A. Crain, the sub-
ject of this sketch, was raised on a farm, receiving such education as the
schools of his neighborhood afforded. He is a man of strong, practical
common sense, has read extensively, and his mind is well stored with val-
uable general information, making him an interesting conversationalist.
He spent the winter of 1852-3 in the state of Indiana, alternating between
Shelbyville and Rushville, as places of abode. During the following
summer he traveled through Illinois, dealing, to a considerable extent, in
land warrants; and in the fall, returned to his home in Kentucky. In the
spring of 1854, he came to Ray county, having first visited the county,
however, in 1843. He remained here until the latter part of the year 1855,
at which time he again returned to Indiana. Upon his arrival at Shelby-
ville, in that state, he engaged in keeping hotel, and followed this occupa-
tion till 1859, when he moved to Rushville, Indiana, and there opened a
hotel, which he conducted till late in the fall of the year 1860, when he
sold it, and went back to Kentucky. Remaining in that state till 1S65, he
returned to Shelbyville, Indiana, and became a clerk in a hotel, and
remained such till after the close of the civil war. In the spring of 1866,
he returned to Ray county, where he remained till the spring of 1869,
when he returned to Flemmingsburg, Kentucky. In the spring of 1872,

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 529

went to California on a visit to his brother's, and after returning to his
native county, in the winter of 1873, has remained here ever since.
He has interests in both Ray county, Missouri, Flemming county,
Kentucky, and, therefore, spends part of his time in each. William A.
Crain was a soldier in the Mexican war. He enlisted in the company
of which L. M. Cox was captain, Manlius V. Thompson's regiment,
infantry. He served twelve months, at the end of which time the war
was at an end. In politics Mr. Crain was a strong whig, during the exist-
ence of that party. In 1860 he voted for Lincoln for the presidency, and
has ever since been identified with the republican party, the principles of
which he believes to be founded in humanity, truth, and justice. He was
ever opposed to the institution of slavery; but while he is very decided in
his views, he seeks to obtrude them upon no man, and freely accords the
right of individual preference, or opinion.

JOHN A. WASSON.

John A. Wasson was born in the state of Indiana, but reared and edu-
cated in Boone county, Missouri. His father, Mr. James F. Wasson, was
a school teacher, and taught for many years in different states of the
Union. Under his father's instruction, our subject received the greater
part of his education. Mr. Wasson learned the carpenter trade in Gibson
county, Indiana, and has pursued that calling most of his life. He was at
one time a contractor and builder at Tipton, Missouri, and constructed
more than twenty-five buildings there, including the Catholic Church.
When the civil war commenced Mr. Wasson entered the Confederate
service as a volunteer in the 16th Mississippi regiment of infantry, com-
manded by Colonel Posey. He was in Stonewall Jackson's division dur-
ing the entire four years of war. He was twice taken prisoner by the
enemy; the first time he was exchanged, and the second time held for
seventeen months, until after the surrender. He was wounded by a shot
in the left knee at the battle of Cross Keys, in Virginia, but fortunately
suffered no permanent disability from it. Mr. Wasson was married on
the 14th day of January, 1871, to Miss Clara Belle Pendroy, of Centralia,
Missouri. He came to Ray county in the month of October, 1880, and
has since then been engaged in business with Mr. George I. Wasson at
Richmond.

DAVID P. WHITMER.

David P. Whitmer was born July 4, A. D. 1829, near Waterloo, Sen-
eca county, New York. His father, Jacob Whitmer, was the son of
Peter Whitmer, and his mother's maiden name was Elizabeth Schott.
His grandparents, having moved from near Hamburg, Pennsylvania,
about 1809, settled near Waterloo, New York. All of them were farm-

530 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

ers, and of German descent. In 1831, Peter Whitmer, with his sons,
Christian, Jacob, John, David, and Peter, settled in Jackson county, Mis-
souri, with their families. They soon moved to Clay countv, Missiouri,
where Christian and Peter died. Thence they removed to Caldwell
county, and, remaining there till 1838, they all moved to Richmond, Ray
county, where the living yet reside, excepting John Whitmer, who has
for many years been a citizen of Caldwell county. Peter Whitmer, Sr.,
died in Richmond, Missouri, at the age of 82, August 13, 1865. His wife
survived him but a short time. They were all plain, honest men, and
good citizens. Like most of the early settlers of Ray county, they were
all poor when they came to Richmond, but their highest aim seemed to
be to live above reproach, " unspotted from the world," and they incul-
cated these principles into their children. When the subject of this
sketch was in his twelfth year, his father, Jacob Whitmer, was taken sick,
and for three years was able to do but little work. David, being the
oldest son large enough to work, became the main-stay of the family —
cultivated a rented farm, got up wood, and went to mill and to market.
When his father became able to work again, his limited means were well
nigh exhausted. But, in 1845, by close econonvy, he had saved enough to
buy two and a half acres of land in the suburbs of Richmond, and erect
thereon a small brick dwelling. Here he lived till the day of his death,
April 26, 1856. Before his death, our subject's father built a small shoe-
shop on the land mentioned, which he kept up till the time of his death,
the son working with his father in the shop during the winter, and on a
farm in summer, cultivating some rented land, and thus continued until the
boy was about seventeen, when, having become expert as a boot and shoe
maker, his father, from that time, kept him in the shop summer and win-
ter. Thus the young man grew up in obscurity and poverty, and inured
to toil. But by close application, he did at least a third more work than
any other hand, and found considerable time to read and prosecute his
studies at home. In the spring of 1849, he informed his father of his long
contemplated intention of qualifying himself for a lawyer, and arranged
with his father to start to school. After attending school two weeks, the
man upon whom his father relied to do the work in the shop, got on a
spree and quit work; whereupon young David left school, and went
back to work with his father at his trade. Meanwhile he pursued his
studies diligently, working early and late at night. He did sufficient
work in nine months to save three months of his last year of minority
for school. On starting to school he found that he had, by his study at
home, kept fully up with his classes. He continued at school two years
at the old Richmond Academy, with Professor A. C. Redmon as his pre-
ceptor. Until the last year of his attendance at school, he was ably
assisted by Colonel James W. Black, who engaged with Professor Red-

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 531

mon as a teacher, and who has proved himself to be one of the finest lit-
erary critics in Ray county, where he still resides.

While at school, the Judge included in his studies all the common school
branches, together with the higher mathematics; Latin, logic, and astron-
omy. When he left school, he entered the study of the law with Hon.
Aaron H. Conrow as his preceptor, at Richmond, Missouri. Finding, at
the end of twelve months that his purse needed replenishing, he taught a
six months' school for that purpose, at the same time continuing the
study of law. On the 4th of September, 1854, he obtained a license to
practice his chosen profession, from Hon. Geo. W. Dunn, judge of the fifth
judicial circuit. He opened a law office at once, in Richmond, accepting
the kind offer of ex-Governor Austin A. King, to put his law library
in the young attorney's office, and office together. Young Whitmer
rapidly grew in repute as a lawyer, and soon secured for himself the con-
fidence of the public, and a lucrative practice. In 1857 he was elected
the first city attorney of Richmond, and the following year was again
elected to the same position. In 1858 he was elected commissioner of
common schools for Ray county, and served two years. He was the
only man on his ticket who was elected. In June, 1859, he entered into
a law partnership with Hon. Aaron H. Conrow, his former preceptor.
They continued together in business till the commencement of the civil
war, in 1861, when they dissolved partnership, Mr. Conrow enlisting
with the Missouri state guards, afterwards becoming a member of the con-
federate congress. Judge Whitman took the position that the cause of
the Union was paramount to all other considerations, and should rise above'
all party and sectional issues. He, therefore, espoused the Union cause,
and since that time has acted with the republican party.

In February, 1862, he was commissioned circuit attorney for the fifth
judicial circuit, the old incumbent having failed or refused to take the oath
prescribed by what was known as the convention ordinance. He at once
entered upon the discharge of his duties. Judge Austin A. King was, at
the same time, and for similar reason, appointed judge of the fifth judicial
circuit, and entered upon his duties, simultaneously with Mr. Whitmer.
In the fall of 1863, Judge Whitmer was called by a convention
of Union men of Carroll county to make the race for judge of the fifth
judicial circuit. At first declining, he finally yielded, and at the polls
received a majority in each of the counties of Carroll and Caldwell, but
was defeated, his able and distinguished friend, Judge Dunn, being his
successful competitor. When the enrolled Missouri militia were organized
July 29, 1862, he was elected and commissioned captain of company F,
fifty-first regiment, E. M. M., and was at once ordered into active service.
Remained on duty until December, when he, with fifty men and two lieu-
tenants, was detailed for active service during the winter, holding post at

532 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

Richmond, Missouri, Lieutenant-colonel J. W. Black, commanding post,
the regiment being relieved from active service till further orders. In
April, 1863, he was detailed as captain of company D, fourth provisional
E. M. M. In the summer of 1863, he was detailed by Colonel Chester
Harding, commanding department of northwest Missouri to wind up the
unsettled business of Provost Marshal Hemory, removed. He accepted
the position, and found on hand some twenty-five or thirty citizen priso-
ners, together with a detachment of U. S. troops, occupied as provost
guards. He returned the provost guards to their regiment and in a short
time disposed of the prisoners and all the business pertaining to the office,
restoring confidence and giving general satisfaction. In November, 1863,
his company and regiment were relieved from active service, excepting
Captain Tiffin, with part of company C, who were retained in charge of
the post during the winter months. In June, 1864, Captain Whitmer,
with one lieutenant and thirty men, was ordered into active service as
commandant of the post at Richmond. Marauders began to infest the
country, troubles thickened and raids became frequent. Early in July
Captain Whitmer received information that some three hundred men,
under Thrailkill, had engaged and defeated a battalion of Colorado troops
near Fredricksburg, fourteen miles west of Richmond. He issued orders
immediately, calling on all good citizens who were willing to aid in the
defense of their homes, to report to his headquarters at once, with such
arms as they could command; at the same time, he sent a message to Col.
McFerren, commanding post at Lexington, to send reinforcements at once,
that, although his force was small he intended to fight, but not to surren-
der. In the evening Captain Colly arrived with his command. The citi-
zen force was stationed on and about the college grounds, while the sol-
diers on duty, were placed to guard the approaches from without. Thrail-
kill, however, nearing the city, avoided it by turning north, and made a
raid through Caldwell county. From that onward, till the fall of the
notorious Bill Andersou, in 1864, near Albany, Ray county, the cloud of
war lowered, hanging dark and gloomily over all this part of the state.
In order to make the citizen force more efficient, Captain Whitmer organ-
ized them into a company of home guards, under command of Captain C.
T. Garner.

Captain Whitmer and the various companies of his regiment were
generally engaged in the field, on scouts and often in pursuit or in contact
with raiders, until they were honorably discharged in November, 1864.
During all this period Captain Whitmer was circuit attorney, and had
leave of absence when necessary to attend the courts and look after the
prosecution of criminals. After the war — in March, 1867 — a common
pleas court being established in Ray county, Judge Whitmer was com-
missioned as judge thereof, and served till the next general election, in

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 533

1868, when he was re-elected, receiving the largest vote of any candidate
on the ticket, except the vote for Grant. Judge Whitmer concluded his
term as judge of this court, which had probate, as well as common law
and equity jurisdiction, with a complete index to the probate records from
the beginning. After the expiration of his term of service upon the bench,
Judge Whitmer again devoted himself to the practice of law. During all
this time he has been a citizen of Richmond, Missouri. Though frequently
solicited, he refused to run for any political position other than city offices;
and although a Mason and Past High Priest of Royal Arch Chapter, A.
F. & A. M., has always opposed all secret political organizations as dan-
gerous to the liberties of the people. April 20, 1859, he was married, by
Elder James A. Garfield, now president of the United States, to Miss
Vashti Whitmer, daughter of Peter Whitmer, deceased. She is a lady of
culture and refinement, and together with her husband, enjoys the confi-
dence of her numerous friends. They have no children living. Judge
Whitmer ranks high as a lawyer, and is in the prime and vigor of man-
hood.

THOMAS D. WOODSON.

It is not alone among military heroes; nor in the cabinet; nor among
the luminaries of literature, of science, or of art, that we are to look for
great and good men. There is another and larger class of citizens, not
so dazzling, to be sure— whose fame, indeed, is circumscribed; who have
never been renowned for achievements in war, nor for eloquence, great
learning, or statesmanship, but who are, nevertheless, entitled to grateful
recognition for the parts they have taken in sustaining society, religion,
and the economy of government, who are really more useful to the
world than many of those whose fame has extended far and wide. Such
men, we mean, as quietly pursue the various necessary vocations of life ;
who live honorably, discharge the duties of citizenship, and by liberality,
christian deportment, and individual effort contribute to the happiness of
all. Thomas D. Woodson, son of Robert S. and Hulda Ann (Young)
Woodson, was born in Woodsonville, Hart county, Kentucky, March
10th, 1828. His father was born in Goochland county, Virginia, Novem-
ber 26th, 1796, and moved with his parents to the present site of Wood-
sonville, then in Barren county, Kentucky, in 1804. His grandfather,
Thomas Woodson, was born in Goochland county, Virginia, on the River
James, twenty miles above the city of Richmond, December 2d, 1772,
and died in Woodsonville, February 14th, 1857. His grandmother, also a
native Virginian, born May 2d, 1776, died in the same village, July 21st,
1844. His mother was born January 14th, 1801, in Rockingham county,
Virginia, and is still (1881) living, and resides with the subject of this
sketch in Richmond, Missouri. His great grandfather, Matthew Wood-

534 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

son, was born in 1731, and married Elizabeth Levilian, only child
of John Peter Levilian. His maternal great grandfather, Jesse
Saunders, married Mary, only child of Anthony Levilian. His
paternal great grand parents, grand parents, and his father
were Old School Baptists. This faith, extending back to John
Peter Levilian, making the fourth generation, reminds one of the faith of
Paul and also of Timothy, which extended backward to the third or
fourth generation. The parents of our subject had nine children, three of
whom died in infancy. The rest are as follows, arranged with respect to
their ages:. Jane Ann, who married John H. Ardinger, Esq., a merchant
of Woodsonville, Kentucky, who subsequently moved to Lexington,
Missouri, where he was a prominent citizen a number of years; he is now
living in Texas; Philip J.; Martha A., who became the wife of the late
Governor Austin A. King, of Missouri; the subject of this sketch; Eliza-
beth Levilian, wife of Shelby A. Jackson, M. D., of Ohio county, Ken-*
tucky, and Robert Hyde, who joined the Confederate army at the com-
mencement of the civil war, and receiving a wound at the battle of
Champion Hills, Mississippi, fell into the hands of the enemy and died.
His grandfather Thomas was the founder of Woodsonville, once a bright
and attractive village, situated on a high plateau, overlooking the sur-
rounding country, on the south bank of Green river, in Hart county, Ken-
tucky. Thomas D. Woodson was a soldier in the war against Mexico,
He volunteered in 1847, joining the 4th Kentucky infantry, and served
till the close of the war, in the company of which, at first, Pat Gardner and
afterwards Thomas Mayfield, was captain. At the close of the Mexican
war, he came to Missouri and located at Kingston, in Caldwell county,
where he engaged in the mercantile business. He remained in Kingston
until in the spring of 1852, when he crossed the plains, with a train of ox
wagons, to California. Continuing in California till January, 1854, he re-
turned to his home in Missouri, and pursued his former vocation at King-
ston till in 1863, when he removed to Richmond, Ray county, where he
resumed merchandising, and conducted a store till the fall of 1878, at
which time he closed out to Messrs. Holt & Hughes. In 1868, he par-
ticipated in the organization of the Ray County Savings Bank, and was
chosen its vice-president. He held this position till he disposed of his
mercantile house, as above stated, when he turned his attention to
banking exclusively. In 1879 he was elected president of the Ray
County Savings Bank, and still holds that position. Mr. Woodson has
also been extensively engaged in dealing in live stock, farming, etc. He
owns several well improved and fertile farms in Ray and adjoining coun-
ties. He was married December 5, 1854, to Miss Sabina L. Hughes, a
native of Clark county, Kentucky. They have three children living, viz.
Lydia Annie, born September 27, 1855; Harrie Philip, born March 23,

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 535

1859, and Virginia Elizabeth, born September 11, 1870. Mrs. Woodson
was a refined and amiable lady, but she is not now among the living —
having died April 11, 1871. Mr. Woodson is a devout and consistant
member of the M. E. Church South. His name is untarnished; his
friends are legion ; and his life not in vain.

PHILIP J. WOODSON.

The subject of this sketch, a brother of Thomas D. Woodson, was
born in Woodsonville, Kentucky, January 6, 1823. In the spring of 1849
he went across the plains to California, spending five months on the way.
He passed about twelve years in the mining districts of California, most
of the time engaged in mining, in which he was quite successful. In the
spring of 1861 he returned by the overland stage route, traversing Lower
California, Arizona, and Texas, and traveling 2,800 miles in twenty-three
days, reaching his home in Kentucky in May. In the spring of 1863 he
returned to California, and remained one year, looking after his mining
interests. In 1865 Mr. Woodson located permanently in Richmond, Mis-
souri, where he is now a respected citizen. He was engaged in mer-
chandizing in Richmond, in partnership with his brother, T. D. Woodson,
Esq., until 1878, when they sold out their stock of goods, and since that
time our subject has not been actively engaged in business on account of
ill health. He is the owner of a fine farm, containing about five hundred
acres, as well as some valuable city property. He was married October
25, 1865, to Miss Hallie J. Jackson, a most accomplished lady, of Bow-
ling Green, Kentucky. He is a member of the1 regular Baptist Church,
while his wife is united with the M. E. Church South. For genealogy of
Mr. Woodson reference is made to the biographical sketch of his brother,
Thomas D. Woodson, Esq.

JOHN C. BROWN.

John C. Brown was born near Richmond, Ray county, Missouri, Janu-
ary 29, A. D. 1835. His father, William, was born in Rutherford county,
Tennessee, October 6, 1809, and was raised and educated in the county
of his nativity, and emigrated to Missouri with his parents in 1829, living
on a farm during his life. He was a Baptist of the old school type ; never
desired office at the hands of the people, but has been content to live the
life of a farmer, and a Christian gentleman. He was married to Miss
Sarah J. Ralph, in 1832. She was born in Guilford county, North Caro-
lina, January 6, 1813, and came with her parents to Ray county, at an early
day. By the marriage of William Brown to Miss Ralph, there were born
seven children, one of whom died in infancy; James H. went to Oregon,
and died there in 1873; Mary F. died at sixteen years of age; Isaac R.

536 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

resides in Carrollton, Missouri, and is clerk of the circuit court in the
seventeenth judicial district; Charles W., salesman with McWilliams,
Crooke & Co., wholesale hats and caps; Jennie, married to Samuel V.
Endsley, of Ray county. John C. the subject of this sketch, was raised
on a farm, and finished his course of study at Carrollton, Missouri, in
1856, acquiring a good English education and some knowledge of the
Latin. He left school, and followed teaching in Carroll, Saline and Ray
counties, always giving satisfaction as a teacher. In April, 1857, he was
employed as salesman in the store of Messrs. Hill & Ely, of Carrollton,
Missouri, and left in the spring of 1861, with the confidence and approval
of his employers; went to farming and dealing in stock till 1872. In
November, 1872, he was elected sheriff of Ray county, and having filled
the office to the satisfaction of the people, was in November, 1874,
re-elected by an increased majority, receiving the largest vote cast for
any candidate at that election. At the end of his second term, December,
1876, he retired from the office of sheriff, and commenced the practice of
law in partnership with Judge Wm. A. Donaldson, having been admitted
to the bar in February, 1877. He was married September 27, 1860, to
Miss Hattie A. George, of Caldwell county, Missouri, who is a native of
Anderson county, Kentucky, and was born November 22, 1842; and emi-
grated to Caldwell county with her father, David George, and died
August 24, 1872. To this union were born six children, one of whom
died in infancy. Of the others, Wm. D. was born July2 7, 1861; Eugenie,
August 5, 1864; Anna Bell, March 4, 1866; John Dudley, January 23,
1868, and Charles Oscar, April 29, 1871. On May 6, 1874, Mr. Brown
was married to his second wife, Miss Olive E., daughter of Felix G.
Miller, Esq., of Ray county, born November 2, 1851. With his father's
consent, Mr. Brown left home when seventeen years of age, and without
means, principally educated himself, as his parents were unable to give
him much pecuniary aid. He attributes his success to the prompt man-
ner in which he always met each and every engagement. Through life
he has made it his determined aim to come promptly to time, thus proving
the truth of the adage, " punctuality is the soul of business success. " Mr.
Brown is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and is a Royal Arch Mason ;
he is also a member of the Missionary Baptist Church, and contributes
liberally to the building of churches, and to the support of the ministry.
In politics he is an unswerving democrat, and has been so from his early
manhood. He is at present engaged in the mercantile business in Rich-
mond, where he is respected and esteemed by every one.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 537

GEORGE I. WASSON.

George I. Wasson was born September 19, 1819, in Wilson county,
Tennessee, where he lived, assisting his father on the farm, till he was
twenty-one years of age. In 1840, he moved from Tennessee to Mis-
souri, and located in Richmond, Ray county, a stranger, young, without
friends, without money, and with no resource, save his indomitable energy,
pluck, perseverance, and habits of sobriety and economy. The young
Tennesseean was not long in making "troops of friends;" his affability,
good nature, and generous, obliging disposition, soon gained for him the
esteem of all around him, and he was not long in finding employment, at
once congenial, responsible and remunerative. Shortly after his arrival,
he was appointed deputy sheriff of Ray county, and after holding this
position, discharging its duties with credit to himself and to the entire
satisfaction of his principal and the people, he entered a dry goods store
as clerk, and continued this occupation about two years. He was then
elected constable of Richmond township, and held the office continuously
till the year 1846, when, appreciating his steady habits, honesty, capacity
and fidelity, the people elected him to the responsible office of sheriff of
the county; and at the close of his term, two years afterward, chose him
as his own successor.

In 1849, in connection with Joseph S. Hughes, he opened a dry goods,
store. He continued in this business, meanwhile conducting a fine farm
of six hundred acres, near Richmond, and dealing extensively in leaf-
tobacco, till in 1866. In he was elected president of the branch of

Union Bank of Missouri, located in Richmond, and served with efficiency
in this capacity till 1865, in which year he embarked in the private bank-
ing business. He continued in this business about twelve years, or until
1877, when he sold out, and engaged in the leaf tobacco trade, packing,,
pressing, and shipping, in which he was quite successful; but after about
one year he resumed the mercantile business. In September, 1879, he
exchanged his store for the hotel formerly known as the Shaw house,
which same he has changed to Wasson house. Mr. Wasson is now
owner and proprietor of the Wasson house, which he has greatly
improved. He is a man of great versatility, of strong natural ccmmon
sense, quick to comprehend, and of far-seeing sagacity. Knowingly, he
never wounds the feelings of any man; he is ever the friend of public
enterprise, of education, and of whatever he believes to be conducive to
the good of his friends, of the town in which he lives, or of his county,
In whatever department of industry he is engaged, he is the same genial,
courteous, and accommodating gentleman, of generous impulses, warm-
hearted, sympathetic, and kind — hundreds of his fellow-citizens, less fortu-
nate than himself, are indebted to him for deeds of charity. In 18 — he
34

538 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

was elected a director of the branch of the Union Bank of Missouri,
located at Lexington, Missouri, and in 1868 he was elected a director
of the Union National Bank, of St.Louis, and remained an officer thereof till
1874, at which time the bank having failed, he was appointed to wind up
its business. October 22, 1842, George I. Wasson was married to Miss
Angeline B. Child, a native of Madison county, New York. Mrs. Was-
son is a refined and intelligent lady, amiable, benevolent, and affectionate,
and much of the success attained by her husband is due to her cheerful
disposition, good judgment, and womanly virtues. They have had two
children, but both of them died in infancy. George I. has been one of
the most active, energetic, and enterprising business men Ray county
ever had, and no individual has done more for its advancement, or is now
more closely identified with the county, in all that pertains to its pros-
perity, wealth, and development.

CHRISTOPHER T. GARNER.

Christopher Trigg Garner, son of Colonel Jesse W. and Docia (Trigg)
Garner, was born March 25, 1825, in Fayette, Howard county, Missouri.
Colonel Jesse W. Garner, a native of Virginia, was born in Northumber-
land county in 1791, and when a boy removed to Winchester, Clark
county, Kentucky. He married Docia Trigg January 15, 1810. In 1819
he moved to Missouri, and settled in Old Franklin, Howard county.
About a year afterward he removed to Fayette, and from 1820 to 1841
lived in that town and in the vicinity thereof. In the year last mentioned
he moved to Ray county, and in 1848 to near Liberty, Clay county,
where, in June, 1850, he died. He was one of the Missouri pioneers, a
carpenter by trade, and built the first court house and college buildings
at Fayette. He was a leading Mason, and was present at the organiza-
tion of the Masonic Grand Lodge of Missouri. He was a man of integ-
rity of character, decision, energy and enterprise, good judgment, and
strong, practical, common sense, highly esteemed and universally
respected, kind an3 affectionate in his family relations, generous and phil-
anthropic. Docia Garner was the daughter of Gen. Stephen Trigg, and was
born January 21, 1782, in Bedford county, Virginia. She was a descend-
ant of the Trigg family that emigrated from England and settled in Spott-
sylvania county, Virginia, the sons of which distinguished themselves as
soldiers in the revolutionary war, in the war of 1812, and in the Indian
wars of a later period. They were in the siege of Yorktown, the battle of
King's Mountain, and in the Indian battle at the Blue Licks, Kentucky.
C. T. Garner, the subject of this sketch, until he attained his majority,
worked at daily labor for his father, attending school irregularly, for short
intervals, in the log school-houses of that day. His education was
obtained mainly by his own exertion. He taught school about a year,

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 539

then went into a store as clerk for a few months. Desiring to study the
law, he entered the law office of Honorable George W. Dunn, of Rich-
mond, Missouri, in 1845, and read law continuously for nearly three years.
In May, 1848, he received license to practice his profession from Judge
Austin A. King, afterward governor of Missouri. The judge, on hand-
ing him his license, advised him to locate permanently at Richmond and
engage in the practice of his profession. He yielded to the suggestion
with great reluctance, as the bar of Richmond was then composed of
such eminent lawyers as Philip L. Edwards, George W. Dunn, Ephraim
B. Ewing, Charles E. Bowman, Mordecai Oliver, and E. A. Lewis.
Without any money, library books, or office furniture, he was allowed
the privilege of occupying a table in a drug store for his office; a copy of
the revised statutes of Missouri, kindly lent him by a friend, was the
extent of his library. The first earnings of his profession were applied
to paying his legal preceptor for board and instruction while studying his
profession. Afterward he purchased such books as his limited means
would allow. Sympathizing friends gathered around him, and his pros-
pects for a living practice began to brighten. He soon acquired a remun-
erative practice, which he has retained at the same bar for a period of
thirty-two years. He has traveled his own circuit and practiced in the
courts of ten counties. On the 5th day of November, 1850, in Callaway
county, Missouri, he was married to Miss Elizabeth B. Mosby, an estima-
ble and accomplished lady, the daughter of Major James Mosby. Mr.
Garner was a whig. His judicial circuit, during the existence of that
party, was composed of the counties of Ray, Clay, Carroll, Clinton, De
Kalb, Harrison, Daviess, and Caldwell, which were then, by a large
majority, democratic in politics. In 1852 he became a candidate for cir-
cuit attorney, and was elected by a handsome majority over his opponent,
who was a good lawyer, a popular man, and a democrat. He discharged
the duties of the office until the expiration of his term, in 1856, with suc-
cess and ability, when he declined a candidacy for re-election. In his
prosecution he met such distinguished lawyers as Colonel A. W. Doni-
phan, Colonel James H. Moss, Governor Willard P. Hall, and Honorable
H. M. Vories. Mr. Garner was chosen to draw up the charter for the
city of Richmond and secure its incorporation. In 1858 he advocated, by
a thorough and energetic canvass, the proposition submitted to the people
of his county for voting $200,000 to aid in building a railroad through the
county. In 1861 he was strongly and decidedly for the Union, doing all
he could to resist the wave of secession, which threatened to involve his
native state in civil war. With unfaltering firmness he remained loyal to
the government until the end of that memorable struggle. In 1864 he
organized a company for the purpose of defending the town and people
against the depredations of bushwhackers, by whom they were threat-

540 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

ened. In 1862 he was elected a member of the general assembly from
Ray county, and became a wise, prudent legislator, a prominent leader of
the conservative element of that body, and exerted a propitious influence
over its deliberations. In 1866 he assisted in procuring the stock and
organizing the Ray County Savings Bank, was elected a director, and
has been annually re-elected to the present time. Upon the organization
of the St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern Railroad Company and the St.
Joseph & St. Louis Railroad Company, he was retained as one of their
attorneys, and is still so employed. There is not a public enterprise in
his section to which he has not contributed bv his talents and influence,
having been, and still being, a liberal contributor to the building of
churches and institutions of learning, and to the support of churches,
schools, and all movements for the public good. Though not a member
of any church, his life has been exemplary, temperate, and moral. He is
a Mason, but belongs to no other charitable organization. He is identi-
fied with the democratic party, though originally a strong whig. Mr.
Garner has an interesting family of seven children: James W., Chris-
topher T., Jr., Elizabeth B., William H., Sarah J., Mary V., and Jessie
C. His three eldest children are well educated, being graduates of Rich-
mond College. His wife, Elizabeth B., was born February 6, 1832, in
Callaway county, Missouri, and is a most excellent Christian lady, having
united with the Christian Church before her marriage.

JAMES W. BLACK.

James Witherspoon Black, son of Rev. James Black and Nancy (Mc-
Murran) Black, was born in Jefferson county, Virginia, abcut seven miles
from Harper's Ferry, January, 8th, 1828. His father was born in Adams
county, Pennsylvania, in 1777. He was a highly educated gentleman,
being a graduate of Washington College, Washington county, Tennessee.
He is well known in the annals of the Presbyterian Church, having been
a devoted, faithful minister of that church for more than fifty years. His
labors extended over a wide field, embracing in their limits the states of
Tennessee, Maryland, Virginia, Ohio, and Pennsylvania. He married
Miss Nancy McMurran, of Shepherdstown, Jefferson county, Virginia, in
1820. After a long, useful, and active life, he died at his home in Shep-
herdstown, Virginia, in the eighty-fourth year of his age. Colonel
Black's mother was born in Shepherdstown, Virginia, in 1792. She was
the daughter of Mr. Joseph McMurran, a native of the County of Down,
Ireland, who emigrated to Jefferson county, Virginia, at an early day.
He married a Miss Lowrie, of Virginia, who survived him many years.
Colonel Black's mother, after the death of his father, continued to live in
Shepherdstown till in 1863, when she removed to Richmond, Missouri,
and lived with her son, Joseph E. Black, until her death, March 16, 1869.

• HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 541

The subject of this sketch received a portion of his early education in
his native county. On the removal of his parents to Cambridge, Guern-
sey count)', Ohio, in the spring of 1837, he was entered a student at Cam-
bridge Academy, and made some progress in the branches pertaining to
an English education. He afterwards attended for a short time a select
school in Belmont county, Ohio. In 1844, his parents moved from Ohio
to Washington county, Pennsylvania; thence, in 1845, to Somerset count}',
same state; and finally returned to Jefferson county, Virginia. In the fall
of 1846, he entered, as a student, Washington College, Washington
county, Pennsylvania, and there commenced the prosecution of his
classical studies. While at this institution he gave preference to the
Washington Literary Society. Hon. James G. Blaine, now secretary of
state of the United States, and Hon. James H. Hopkins, democratic
member of congress from Pennsylvania, in 1876, were students at Wash-
ington College at the time our subject attended that school. On leaving
Washington College in 1847, he pursued his classical studies under the
tutilage of Prof. Joseph J. Stutzman, of Somerset, Pennsylvania. His
course of classical studies with Prof. Stutzman embraced Latin, Greek
and German. In 1848, he began the study of law in the office of Messrs.
Cox & Stutzman, of Somerset, and was admitted to the bar on motion of
Colonel J. R. Edie, February 5, 1851, after a rigid examination by a
sworn committee, appointed by Hon. Jeremiah S. Black, then on the
bench. Judge Black presided over the committee on examination, and
took an active part in propounding questions to the young applicants.
On receiving his license as an attorney, young Black returned to his home
in Virginia, first visiting, however, a number of the eastern cities, and
spending some days in Washington City, where he visited the capitol
while congress was in session, and had the pleasure of seeing and hearing
in debate such illustrious statesmen as Clay, Cass, Corwin, Chase, Ben-
ton, Butler, Douglas, Davis, (Jefferson) Hale, Houston, Foote, Soule and
Seward. After receiving license to practice his profession, he remained
at home but a short time, till he left for the great west, his destination
being St. Paul, Minnesota. After a long trip, mainly by steamboat, he
reached that city about the 10th of April, 1851, and was cordially received
by Hon. Alexander, governor of the territory. St. Paul, at that time,
was a small place, and for a great portion of the year cut off from the
pleasures of the more civilized country farther southward. The prospect
of acquiring a lucrative practice in St. Paul was not very encouraging
hence he concluded to return to St. Louis, and decide there upon some
other point at which to establish himself in the practice of his profession.
After remaining in St. Louis a short time, he concluded to go to western
Missouri, and took passage on the steamboat Isabel, for Independence,
having with him a young friend named George S. Hupp, who had accom-

542 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

panied him from St. Paul. Meeting on the boat Dr. Thomas Kino-, a
member of the legislature from Ray county, they were induced bv that
gentleman to visit Richmond, in Ray county. They arrived at Richmond,
May 7, 1851, and being pleased with the country, concluded to remain,
and formed a co-partnership for the practice of the law. The following-
August, however, Mr. Hupp was summoned home and Mr. Black con-
tinued the practice alone till October, following, when he engaged as
teacher in the Richmond Academy. The next spring he established the
Richmond Herald, mentioned elsewhere in this volume. In 1852, he sold
the Herald and resumed the practice of law, and continued it till the
spring of 1853, when he established a school at Liberty school district in
Ray county. He followed teaching at Liberty, Wakanda and Camden,
until the commencement of the civil war. The fall of the year 1855,
however, was spent in traveling through the eastern states. On the
organization of the militia in Ray county, in July, 1862, he was appointed
enrolling officer of Ray county, and after enrolling the militia of the
county was appointed by General Loan, mustering officer, and organized
and mustered into service ten companies of militia, which formed the
51st regiment of Missouri enrolled militia, and in October, 1862, he was
commissioned by Governor Gamble lieutenant colonel of this regiment.
In December, 1862, he was appointed by General Vaughan, commander
of the military post of Richmond, Missouri, with full command of all the
military forces in the county, which position he held till the spring of
1863. While in command of the 51st regiment, he frequently performed
active service in Ray, Lafayette, Jackson and other counties of western
Missouri.

In 1863, as provost marshal of Ray, he enrolled the county, agreeably
to the conscription act. In 1864 he was elected, on the democratic ticket,
to represent Ra}^, in the general assembly, and served in that bod}- from
1864 to 1866. In the summer of 1866, he was one of the delegates from
the sixth congressional district of Missouri, to the democratic national
convention at Philadelphia; and was, also, one of the delegation that
called on President Andrew Johnson, after the adjournment of the con-
vention, Hon. Reverdy Johnson being chairman of the delegation and
delivering the address to the President at the White House. In 1866 he
received the appointment of United States revenue collector for the sixth
district of Missouri, from President Johnson. His headquarters were St.
Joseph. In January, 1867, he made a tour of inspection of the entire
sixth revenue district, by order of the revenue department, and made a
full and complete report of all the distilleries in the district. On making
such report he received a very complimentary letter from the commis-
sioner of internal revenue, and was by that officer strongly recom-
mended to the United States senate for confirmation. He was, on Feb-

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 543

ruary 26, 1867, unanimously confirmed by the senate collector of the
sixth district, on motion of Senator B. Gratz Brown, of Missouri. In
1868 he again resumed the practice of law in Richmond, entering into
co-partnership with his brother, Judge J. E. Black. In 1870 he was
elected, as a democrat, mayor of the city of Richmond. He has served as
member of the city council five years, having been first elected in 1874. In
the fall of 1876, he was appointed mayor of Richmond by the city council,
Vice William S. Seymour, resigned, and served till April, 1877. He has
been a director of Richmond College since 1879; and since the fall of
that year president of the board of directors. Colonel Black strongly
opposed secession, and was a firm advocate of the Union. He deplored
the necessity of civil war, clearly foreseeing its desolating results; yet
he was of the opinion that secession was wrong, and if successfully
accomplished would weaken and ultimately ruin a nation, which, united,
is the most prosperous and powerful on the globe; hence, he was for
maintaining the Union, even at the cost of internecine conflict. While in
the general assembly during the winter of 1865-66, a bill was introduced
by the member from Caldwell, for the purpose of changing the northern
boundary of Ray county, and depriving it of all the land in townships
fifty-four, commonly known as the " six mile strip." The bill, through the
exertions of himself and his colleague, Hon. John Grimes, was defeated.
In 1872, he was secretary of the democratic central committee and in the
fall of that year, received the support of the Ray county delegates for con-
gress. Colonel Black has been married three times. His first marriage
was with Miss Joey H. Nisbet, of Rav county, a native of Armagh county,
Ireland, May 28, 1857. His first wife, who was a lady of exceeding
grace, culture and refinement, died October 3, 1860. June 15, 1863, he
married Miss Florence E. Menefee, of Booneville, Missouri, an accom-
plished lady, who died January 29, 1866. His third marriage, October
15, 1874, was with Miss Sue T. Child, of Richmond, a native of Phila-
delphia, but for several years a resident of Richmond, Virginia. She
was in the latter city most of the time, while it was beleaguered by the
Federal forces. In 1864, she succeeded in getting through the lines, and
passing up the valley of Virginia, via Winchester and Martinsburg,
reached Philadelphia in March, 1864. She is a sister of Hon. Jacob
T. Child, editor of the Richmond Conservator, and is an intelligent, amia-
ble and affectionate lady, attractive in person, and refined in manners.
Colonel Black has two children living, issue of his first marriage, viz:
James Black, a promising young man in his twenty-first year, who has
recently graduated first in class — of which he was chosen valedictorian —
from the State University, at Columbia, Missouri; and Mary G. O.
Black, who lives with her uncle and aunt, Mr. and Mrs. Alexander Mait-
land, of Ray county. The only child of the second marriage, Henry

544 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

Menefee Black, died in 1866. Colonel Black is a member of the Pres-
byterian Church. James W. Black has had a somewhat varied experi-
ence in life, but in every way an upright, useful and honorable one. Him-
self a ripe scholar, a warm-hearted, public spirited gentleman, he has
■ever been the active, ardent and faithful friend of education, religion, and
of every enterprise looking to the betterment of his friends and neigh-
bors, or to the promotion of the general welfare.

DAVID H. QUESENBERRY.

A native of Virginia, born in Fauquier county, December 20, 1805. In
his infancy, his parents moved to Barren county, Kentucky, of course,
taking him with them. In 1834 Mr. Quesenberry removed to Lafay-
ette county, Missouri, and the following year to Richmond, Ray county,
where he has ever since resided. He has lived in Richmond more than
forty-six years, continuously, and has been a resident of the town longer
than any other person now living. Mr. Quesenberry has long enjoyed
the respect, confidence, and esteem of his fellow-citizens. He was six
years deputy clerk of the county court of Ray county; for about three
years postmaster of Richmond, and filled the office of justice of the peace
over twenty-five years. He was married October 9, 1828, to Miss
Lucinda Warder, of Barren county, Kentucky. They were neighbors
from infancy. They have only one child living, Mary Ann, born July 28,
1829, in Barren county, Kentucky, who became the wife of the late Hon-
orable Aaron H. Conrow, of Richmond. John Zacheus, born July 4,
1836, died in infancy. He and his wife are members of the M. E. Church
South, and are consistent, exemplary Christians. Their earthly labors
must soon have ceased, but they will continue to live in the hearts of a
host of friends.

BENJAMIN J. BROWN.

Benjamin Johnson Brown was born in Franklin county, Kentucky,
December 9, 1807. He lived in that state till about the age of twenty-
five, and then, in 1832, moved to Missouri, and settled in Ray county, of
which he was one of the pioneers. When he reached Richmond there
were only three or four houses in the town, and the county was sparsely
settled. He was here to encounter the inconveniences and hardships of
pioneer life, and lived to enjoy the comforts, growth, and development of
the county in after years. To this improvement no man contributed more
than the subject of this sketch. Always enterprising and liberal, of an
open, generous disposition, and a warm heart, he was ever ready to aid in
all enterprises calculated to benefit his town, lounty, or state. He gath-
ered rapidly and gave with a liberal hand, and was never known to turn
his back upon any meritorious enterprise or object. There were but few

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 545

men who shared so largely the confidence of the people. He was four
different times elected by the people of his county to the office of sheriff —
twice without opposition. He was also twice elected to the office of state
senator from his district, and was president of the senate at the time of
his death. These and many other positions of public trust were bestowed
upon him by his fellow-citizens, the duties of all which he discharged with
promptness and fidelity. At the outbreaking of the civil war, Colonel
Brown espoused the cause of the south, and became a gallant soldier in
the Confederate army. He ranked as colonel, and commanded a regi-
ment at the battle of Springfield, Missouri, in which he lost his life,
August 10, 1861, while leading a charge upon one of the columns of the
enemy. From the position of the enemy the charge was, of necessity,
somewhat protracted, and when killed, Colonel Brown was some thirty
yards in advance of his forces, making observations with a view to
triumphant onslaught. At the time of his death he was a member of the
Christian Church at Richmond. Colonel Brown was twice married.
The first time to a Mrs Moon, of Richmond, Missouri, by whom he had
five children, as follows: Thomas J., of Gallatin, Missouri; Mariah F.,
wife of James S. De Masters, of Richmond; Susan J., ofWaverly, Missouri;
Ro* Ann, wife of James P. Kiger, of Richmond, and Alice J., wife of B.
F. McCord, of Waverly, Missouri. His second marriage, December 15,
1845, was with Miss Mary Ann White, who was born August 28, 1825,
in Scott county, Kentucky. About the year 1840, she moved with her
mother (her father, David B. White, having died in Kentucky), to Clay
county, Missouri, and subsequently settled permanently in Richmond,
where her marriage with Colonel Brown was solemnized. She survives
her husband, and with her son, Walter W. Brown, is keeping house in
Richmond, at her beautiful home in the northern part of the city. The
issue of Colonel Brown's second marriage is seven children, two of whom
are deceased. The living are: Mary L., wife of Wesley Allison, of
Lawson, Ray county; William T., of Lawson; Benjamin J., Walter W.
and Emily Oliver, wife of Rev. James Elmore Dunn, of Plattsburg,
Missouri. Walter W. Brown, who lives with his mother, was born May
26, 1858, in Ray county. He received his education at Richmond College.
When seventeen years of age he engaged with J. W. Harrison, of Rich-
mond, Missouri, to learn the trade of harnessmaker. After working with
Mr. Harrison about five years, he accepted a situation with Dan T. Duval,
of Richmond, with whom he is yet engaged. Mr. Brown is a skilled
workman, devoting most of his time to fine work, for doing which he has
an excellent reputation. He is a sensible, sober, industrious young man,
and his success in life is assured.

546 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

ADAM J. BARR.

Adam Johnston Barr was born July 4, 1828, in Bethlehem, Northamp-
ton county, Pennsylvania. His father, James Barr, came from near
Glasgow, Scotland, to America, in 1801, and settled in New York City,
where he lived with his father for some time; then moved to Pennsyl-
vania, where Adam, the subject of this sketch was born. Colonel Barr
is a descendant of Scotch parents, of which he is a genuine type. When
he was about nine years old, his father, with his family, moved to Steu-
ben county, New York, in which state they resided two years, and then
returned to Pennsylvania, where for man}- years he lived with his parents
upon a farm. "When quite young Adam left home to mark out his own
destiny. He had no education, save such as he had obtained during the
winter terms of a country school. After leaving home, however, he
attended the academy of Johnstown, Pennsylvania, and when his money
gave out, he would teach a term of country school, and then return to his
studies. After attending the academy for some time in this way, he left
school and obtained a position as receiving clerk at the Cambria iron
works, then in process of construction. Having accumulated some means
he concluded to study medicine and accordingly entered the office of Dr.
Yeagly, at Johnstown, in the fall of 1819. He attended medical lectures
in Cincinnati, where he graduated in 1852, and then went to Waverly, Pike
count}', Ohio, to commence the practice of his profession. When he
arrived at Waverly he had but one dollar with which to begin business.
He soon, however, acquired a good practice, and, before the year closed,
found that he had a practice that was paying him at the rate of three
thousand dollars per year. He won great popularity and his success in
his profession was remarkable. Becoming dissatisfied with the place,
however, and desiring to seek a home in the west, he left Waverly in the
fall of 1858, and came to Ray county, Missouri, where he settled and
practiced his profession. In 1859 Adam J. Barr was married to Miss
Nannie Jacobs, daughter of Clayton Jacobs, a merchant and an old and
respected citizen of Ray county. To them were born two children: Leo
James and Lizzie Theodosia. Here he practiced medicine until the break-
ing out of the rebellion. Being a strong Union man, and coming as he
did from Ohio, he was regarded by many as a northern man. During
the presidential canvass of 1860, he took decided grounds with the Doug-
las party, and strongly advocated the election of Stephen A. Douglas to
the presidency, and became somewhat prominent in the canvass as a
Douglas democrat. The excitement growing out of this election con-
tinued, and the discussion of its issues engendered strife and deepened the
prejudice then existing till the country was precipitated into civil war.
His strong outspoken advocacy of the Union rendered his position, to

HISTORY OF RAV COUNTY. 547

some extent, perilous. While in his office one evening compounding some
medicine, he was shot at through the window, the bullet passing close to
his tace and breaking the glass on the shelf in front of which he was
standing. He was at this time corresponding with the Hon. James H.
Burch, Sr., who was at Jefferson City attending the state convention.
The object of these communications was to devise some plan for military
relief, and to keep the representatives in the state convention properly
advised as to the condition of this part of the state. Having been
informed that plots were formed for his assassination, he was compelled
to escape to the woods, where he remained several days without food or
shelter. He resolved one night to venture into a lonely cabin surrounded
by a dense forest, and obtain some nourishment, and, if possible, learn
something of the military bands in search of him. On approaching the
cabin everything was quiet, but the door was soon opened to his raps,
and he found the inmate to be a strong Union man, and learning from him
the names of the Union men in the neighborhood, he wrote out a call to
them to meet him in the woods near by, at ten o'clock the following night,
and bring with them such arms as they could collect, and also bring good
horses, blankets, etc. To this call twenty-five well armed men came, and
he was at once chosen their leader. They .marched to Cameron, reaching
that place at daylight the next morning. Here they met Major James,
with a small organization of militia. From here they went to St. Joseph,
participating in skirmishes on the way. From St. Joseph, Col. Barr went
to Chillicothe, Missouri, where he was appointed assistant surgeon, and
placed in charge of the hospital. The following spring he accompanied a
detachment of soldiers, under Major A. Allen, to Richmond, Ray county,
where he remained during the summer, recruiting and reorganizing the
militia of the county, and was commissioned by Governor Gamble,
colonel of the Ray county (Missouri) militia, who were armed, equipped
and put into active service. Under his military control the peace of the
county was soon restored, and citizens of both parties returned to
their usual vocations of life. In the fall of 1862 the state election was
held, and he was chosen a representative of the state general assembly
from Ray county. He served two sessions and took an active part, with
others, in the reorganization of the state government, supporting all the
important measures looking toward the restoration of law and quiet. In '
the senatorial contest he voted for John S. Phelps, until he was with-.
drawn; then, as his second choice, for Judge Breckenridge, of St. Louis,
but the general assembly adjourned without electiong a U. S. senator.
Upon his return home he canvassed the county, and in public speeches
advocated the emancipation policy of the general government. He was
returned to the legislature, fully endorsed by his constituents, and voted for
B. Gratz Brown and John B. Henderson for the United States senate.

548 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

In 1864 under the new call of President Lincoln for additional troops,
he, in connection with Colonel Bradshaw, of St. Joseph, recruited the 44th
regiment of infantry volunteers. Colonel Bradshaw was commissioned
colonel, and he lieutenant-colonel of the regiment, and they were mustered
into service, and at once ordered to Paducah, Kentucky. Upon arriving
there they found orders and transfers awaiting to take them to Tennes-
see, to re-inforce General Schofield, who was suffering from General
Hood's army, which had entered the state, and were en route to Nash-
ville. They met Schofield's retreating army at Columbia, where they
were immediately thrown into battle, and from Columbia to Franklin they
were continually under fire. At Spring Hill they gallantly led a charge,
and turned the flanking enemy. At Franklin they were in the hottest of
the fight, and here, during a charge upon the outer works held by the
enemy, a large number of the regiment were killed and wounded. Here
Colonel Bradshaw, early in the fight, was wounded and fell into the
hands of the enemy. Colonel Barr was now left in command of the regi-
ment, and fought bravely till the close of the battle, but the Union forces
retreated to Nashville, where the 44th Missouri was attached to the 16th
army corps, of General A. J. Smith. Colonel Barr, at the head of his
regiment, participated in the three days' fight at Nashville, and then, in the
pursuit of General Hood's army across the mountainous country of Tennes-
see. They were next taken by transports to Eastport, Mississippi, where
Colonel Barr received the news of his election, as a delegate, to represent
Ray, Clinton, Caldwell, and Carroll counties, in the state constitutional
convention. He laid the communication before General Smith, who gave
him leave of absence, and ordered a gun-boat to take him to Cairo, where
he took the cars for St. Louis. Upon his arrival in that city he took his
seat in the convention, which had been in session some time, and the ordi-
nance abolishing slavery had been passed, but by resolution he was
allowed to record his vote in favor of the emancipation of slavery in Mis-
souri. He was placed upon some of the most important committees, and
took a prominent part in the deliberations of the convention, being fre-
quently called to the chair. At the assembling of the legislature, after
the adoption of the new constitution, he was elected by that body one of
the curators of the state university. He was also, the same year, elected
clerk of the circuit court of Ray county, and was appointed assistant
United States assessor of the sixth district of Missouri. When solicited,
in 1867, to become a candidate for congress, he refused, saying that he
had no desire for any other office, and besides, his personal friend, Van
Horn, was a candidate, and he did not wish to be in his way. Subse-
quently he became a delegate to the congressional convention, which met
at Liberty, and did much to secure the nomination of Van Horn. He
was then selected by his friends, as a candidate for lieutenant-governor of

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 540

the state, but would not allow his name to be used. Having studied law
Colonel Barr abandoned medicine, and, since the war, has been engaged
in the practice of the legal profession. He has since, and during the war,
advocated and supported the policy of the republican party; but he has
avoided all public participation with either party, preferring the quiet of
his home to the strife and turmoil of the politician. In religion, as in poli-
tics, he is liberal in all his views. He believes in the divinity of the Bible,
but thinks that the popular theology of the day is liable to misconstrue and
misapply many of its most essential truths; that true religion is like truth,
analytical, and courts investigation, becoming brighter thereby; but that
human creeds and theology are synthetic, once torn to pieces, and thor-
oughly dissected by a scientist, they can never be re-united, and therefore
engender strife and discord; that true Christianity unites the human
family in bonds of love and respect, and elevates and ennobles the race.

WILLIAM WALLACE MOSBY, M. D.

William Wallace Mosby was born near Georgetown, Scott county,
Kentucky, June 1st, 1824. His father, James Mosby, was a native of
Virginia. He was a farmer in moderate circumstances in Kentucky, but
emigrated t® Mississippi in 1826; remained in that state two years, and in
1828 moved to Callaway county, Missouri. He was an ardent friend of
Henry Clay, and a warm advocate of his political views, though he never
sought preferment at the hands of his party. His mother, Elizabeth
Robards, was a daughter of Capt. George Robards, a Virginia planter,
who emigrated to Mercer county, Kentucky, where his daughter, Eliza,
was born. She was a devoted christian, and was deeply interested in the
reformation introduced by Alexander Campbell. Her earnest prayers
and exemplary Christain life were the means by which her husband,
though after he had passed the meridian of life, was brought into the
church, of which he remained a consistent member until his death, January
9, 1871. Her motherly devotion had a strong influence in moulding the
character of her children, all of whom became members of the church.
William W. Mosby received a sound English education, together with a
pretty thorough knowledge of Latin and Greek, from private schools.
At the age of eighteen he began the study of medicine, under Dr. Franklin
Dillard. He attended the medical department of Transylvania Uni-
versity, in the class of 1844-5, and the Louisville Medical College, in the
years 1845-6. Up to this time his work had been very arduous. His
father had a large family, eight children, dependent upon him, and he was
unable to supply his son with the necessary funds to complete his educa-
tion. Young Mosby, therefore, worked during the planting and harvest-
ing season, and attended school in the winter. As soon as he was
sufficiently advanced to teach school, he followed that avocation, obtaining

550 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

a sufficient amount to enable him to attend one course of lectures. He
borrowed money to complete his medical course, and graduated, to rind
himself in debt, and without means. He immediately selected Richmond,
Ray county, as the field of his future labors, not having, at the time,
sufficient means to pay for a week's board. He soon after formed a part-
nership with Dr. Joseph Chew, now of Kansas City, which lasted about
eighteen months. But he was ambitious to build up a reputation on his
merits, and withdrew from the partnership to begin what afterward
became a large and lucrative practice. He subsequently entered into
partnership with Dr. Henry C. Garner, which lasted from 1866 to 1873.
Dr. Garner became cashier ot the Ray County Savings Bank, and the
partnership was dissolved. He has always been able to attend promptly
to all calls for his professional services, and to this he attributes much of
his success. He is thoroughly read in his profession, has a large, well
selected library, and spends much of his leisure time in the study of the
more modern authors on the theory and practice of medicine and surgery.
In 1847, he took an interest in a drug store with Marion F. Ball and
Mordecai Oliver, under the firm name of Marion F. Ball & Co. This
firm existed for some time, when he purchased the interest of his partners
and associated his sons with him, and still continues the business in the
name of W. W. Mosby & Sons. At the beginning of the civil war he
enlisted in the enrolled Missouri militia and was appointed surgeon, serv-
ing as such two years. When Colonel John C. Hale organized the fourth
provisional regiment, he was appointed regimental surgeon, with the rank
of major, and served until 1864, when the regiment was disbanded. In
the fall of 1862, he was elected to represent his district, embracing the
counties of Caldwell, Carroll, Clinton and Ray, in the state senate, and
served four years. While a senator he opposed the bill calling into exis-
tence the convention that subsequently adopted the Drake constitution,
and also the test oaths and registration which were so obnoxious to the
people. In 1876, he was re-elected to the same position, receiving a
majority of nine hundred over both his opponents. In politics he was a
whig during the existence of that party, and a strong Union man during
the war. Since that time he has co-operated with the democratic party.
He was four years president of the board of education of Richmond Col-
lege, and has always been an advocate of whatever would promote the
educational interests of the country. A warm friend of the temperance
cause he was a member of the Sons of Temperance only two or three
months, till he withdrew, believing that the temperance cause should be
controlled by the church. He was four years a director in the Union
Bank of Missouri. He is a member of the Christian Church and has been
an elder in that body for over thirty years, and superintendent of the Sun-
day-school (which he assisted in organizing) for twenty-five years. Dr.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 551

Mosby was married September 29, 1847, to Miss Sarah Catharine Jacobs,
daughter of Joel Jacobs, deceased, a farmer of Ray county, a native of
Virginia, who died before the marriage of his daughter. They have had
six children. The eldest son died suddenly of malignant diphtheria, at the
age of twenty-two, when he had just finished a thorough study of
the science of medicine, and was prepared to begin the practice. His
second son, Charles Archibald, has adopted his father's profession, and is
associated writh him in practice. Charles and John are in charge of the
drug store. William is conducting a farm. Mary Eliza and James
Edward are at home with their parents.

JOSEPH E. BLACK.

Joseph Edwards Black, second son of James and Nancy Black, was
born in Jefferson county, Virginia (now West Virginia) April 25, 1832.
When about five years of age, his father and the family removed to Ohio,
and after residing in that state a number of years, moved to Pennsylvania,
where he principally resided till he emigrated to Missouri. On the 16th
day of March, 1852, Joseph E. Black located in Ray county, Missouri,
where he has ever since continued to reside. He received his education
in the common schools of the various places where his parents resided. He
took a thorough course in mathematics, as well as a general course in the
branches of an English education, including the natural sciences; and also
a course in Latin, and a partial course in Greek and German. He is a
studious, careful reader, and has endeavored by close application, to be-
come familiar, at least with English literature, and in this particular he has
met with admirable success; his knowledge of the best British and Ameri-
can writers — poets, historians and romancists — making him an excedingly
interesting conversationalist, and a most agreeable and instructive com-
panion. He followed the profession of teaching about fifteen years, hav-
ing taught about ten years in Ray county. He was elected school com-
missioner of Ray county in 1860, and as teacher, commissioner and pri-
vate citizen, has devoted a great part of his life to the promotion of educa-
tional interests. He was admitted to the bar in Richmond, Ray county,
Missouri, April 20, 1862, and has, excepting one short period of interrup-
tion, continued in the practice of the law ever since. He has been quite
successful as an attorney, as well in the United States courts, and the
supreme court of Missouri, as in the lower courts. He ranks high as a
lawyer both in point of legal ability and moral worth. He acted with
the Benton democracy of Missouri until the commencement of the
civil war, when he joined the republican party, writh which he acted until
1878, when he became a member of the greenback party; and since that
time he has taken an active part in promulgating the principles and policy
of this political organization. In addition to the office of school commis-

552 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

si'oner, he filled the office of county attorney for Ray county from Jan-
uary 1, 1869, to January 1, 1873; and has held other offices of trust.
In 1870, he was a candidate for representative in the state general as-
sembly. He served in provisional company C, 51st regiment, E. M. M.,
from the organization of the regiment to September 17, 1864, whenever it
was called into active service. On the date last mentioned, he was com-
missioned adjutant of the regiment, to rank from July 5, 1864, and was in
active service during part of that year. Upon the organization of the state
militia in 1865 — May 12th — commissioned adjutant of the 1st regiment of
Missouri militia, and was immediately ordered into active service to assist
Col. R. S. Moon in organizing the Missouri militia in the third sub-district,
first militia division of Missouri, including Ray, Clay, Platte and Clinton
counties. Col. Moon was relieved, and Adjutant Black completed the
organization, and served till September 30, 1865. He was a contributor
to the editorial columns of the Richmond Herald, mentioned elsewhere,
and has contributed, more or less, to almost every paper published in the
county. August 21, 1859, Joseph E. Black was married to Miss Mary
Sabina, daughter of Haden S. Trigg, Esq., a biographical sketch of whom
will be found elsewhere. Mrs. Black is an amiable, intelligent lady, and
to her much of the success, and all of the happiness of her husband is due.
They have had nine children, of whom three sons and a daughter are liv-
ing, as follows: Joseph E., Jr., Ann A., William W. and Eugene D. His
property in the city of Richmond, Ray county, was in the path of the
cyclone which utterly destroyed a large portion of the city, June 1, 1878.
The greater portion of his family was at home, and escaped without
injury, but his material loss, like that ot many others, was very great. In
the midst of misfortune and discouragement, and without any available
means or assistance from the fifteen thousand dollar fund contributed by
the public for the benefit of sufferers from the cyclone, he managed by
great exertion to rebuild his residence, and was the first one to return
with his family to the storm-stricken district. Disdaining to sacrifice prin-
ciple to a desire for popularity, he has ever been found defending the
rights of those, of whatever nationality, least qualified by their wealth, in-
fluence, or power to recompense him for the sacrifices he has made.
Making duty his guiding star, he is consoled by the reflection that its
faithful performance will meet with an appropriate reward. While
occupying prominent public positions, he necessarily took an active part in
all questions agitating the public mind, and his views have always been
liberal, and of an advanced character.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 553

ELIJAH F. ESTEB.

Elijah F. Esteb was born March 28, 1832, in Wayne county, Indiana.
He was entered a student at Whitewater College, Centerville, Indiana, and
at that institution received the greater part of his education. After leav-
ing school he chose the law as his profession, and entered upon its study
with ardor and a determination to succeed, if success could be accomplished
by indefatigable energy, perseverance and economy. He had for his pre-
ceptors the late Honorable Oliver P. Morton, afterwards a distinguished
member of the United States senate, and Nimrod Johnson, one of the ablest
lawyers of his day. Naturally of superior intellect, quick to comprehend,
with a mind at once synthetic and analytical, it readily grasped the
abstruse, subtle propositions of the different branches of the law, and his
progress was easy, rapid, and thorough. In 1852 he was admitted to the
bar. Having qualified himself for the profession by a severe course of
reading, under the instruction of the ablest attorneys in the state, he was pre-
pared to enter at once upon the large and lucrative practice that awaited him
in Wayne, Union, and neighboring counties. He continued to practice in
these counties with gratifying success for five years, a most liberal proportion
of all litigated cases being entrusted to his attention, notwithstanding his con-
temporaries at the bar were much older, and had already become distin-
guished in the profession. But like many other young men, he desired to
seek his fortune in the great west, and in 1857 he left Wayne count v,
Indiana, and going to the state of Iowa, settled Jn a county of the same
name as the one he had left in Indiana. While a citizen of Iowa he was
elected by the people to a seat in the upper branch of the state legislature,
and rilled that position with credit to himself, and to the satisfaction and
profit of those whom he represented. While in Iowa, he also edited, for
one year, a paper known as the South Tier Democrat, and in the capacity
of editor, proved that his versatility of intellect qualified him for other
fields of mental labor, than the practice of the legal profession, although
for the latter he was peculiarly fitted, not only by special preparation, but
by his talents and inclination. In 1864 he moved to Caldwell county, Mis-
souri, and was, in 1865, appointed circuit attorney for the fifth judicial cir-
cuit, which office he held till January, 1869. While in that county he was
also appointed one of the curators of the state university, at Columbia. In
1866 Judge Esteb removed to Richmond, Ray county, of which place he
has ever since been a respected citizen. His ability as a lawyer is
acknowledged by all who know him, and he is above reproach as a man
of integrity and excellent moral character. September 10, 1855, Elijah F.
Esteb was married to Miss Rebecca W. Mills, a native of Ohio. They
have had two children, one' of whom, Frank L., died at the age of six years;
the other, Ralph Eugene, born October 24, 1861, lives with his parents,
35

554 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

and is a student at law under the instruction of his father. He is a gradu-
ate of the Kemper Family School, of Booneville, Missouri. Judge Esteb
and wife are members of the Presbyterian Church. He is also a mem-
ber of the Masonic fraternity.

GEORGE A. STONE.

George A. Stone, son of George Stone, was born May 23, 1843, in Liv-
ingston county, Missouri. His father was a native of Virginia, born in
179S, and died November 3, 1871, in Livingston county, Missouri. In
1863 Mr. Stone crossed the plains to Idaho territory, where for one year
he engaged in mining. He spent another year in Utah, Arizona, and Cal-
ifornia, after which he returned to his home, in Missouri, and resumed his
former occupation, that of farming. In 1874 he entered into the mercan-
tile business, and sold goods at Mooresville. The following year he
shipped his goods to Waxahoochie, Texas, where he remained one year,
and returned to Missouri, locating at Richmond, in which city he sold
goods about four years, and at the same time studied law. He was
admitted a member of the bar in January, 1880, since which date he has
devoted his time to the practice of the law, and to the real estate business.
He is a member of the Baptist Church, and so, also, is his wife. He also
belongs to the Richmond Lodge, A. F. & A. M. He was married
October 16, 1866, to Miss Mollie Hudgins, of Richmond. She is a native
of Missouri, and an estimable and accomplished lady. They have four
children: Irene, born August 5, 1867; Clarence B., born July 10, 1869;
Karl E., born January 25, 1879; infant girl, born December 6, 1880.
George A . Stone is a popular, promising attorney, and has the confidence,
good will, and esteem of the entire community.

THOMAS N. LAVELOCK.

Thomas N. Lavelock was born on the first day of the year A. D. 1854,
in Sangamon county, Illinois, but in his infancy his parents moved to Dal-
las, Texas. They remained there only a few years, however, and about
1857 they moved to Richmond, Ray county, Missouri. Mr. Lavelock
received a thorough literary training at the Richmond College, Rich-
mond, Missouri, and, in 1878, graduated from the law department of the
Missouri State University, at Cohimbia. In July, 1S78, he opened a law
office in Richmond, and entered upon the practice of his profession. In
1880, in connection with George W. Trigg, he purchased the abstract of
title records of the late Captain George N. McGee, and since that time
has devoted part of his attention to the title abstract business. He also
represents, as agent, several leading American insurance companies. He
has been quite successful in the practice of the law, and, though young,
has a large and remunerative business, the result of continued industry,

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 555

sobriety, integrity, and manly deportment. He is urbane, obliging, and
kind, of benevolent disposition, a true friend, and a warm-hearted, genial
gentleman. He is not yet in the prime of manhood, and his future is
bright with promise. His father, born about the year 1818, was a native
of Ireland. He emigrated to America, and died in Ray county, in 1863.

JAMES D. TAYLOR, M. D.

James D. Taylor was born in Ray county, Missouri, July 30, 1834.
His father is David Taylor, a native of Pittsylvania county, Virginia.
He immigrated to Missouri, and settled in Ray county, in 1833, and is yet
living, in good health —

" Hearty and hale is he, an oak that is covered with snowflakes. "

Dr. Taylor commenced the study of medicine in 1857, in the office of
Doctors Joseph Chew and G. W. Buchanan, of Richmond. He subse-
quently attended the St. Louis Medical College, from which he graduated
with honor, in 1861. After his graduation, he returned to Richmond, and
entered the practice of the profession, for which, by a thorough course
of reading, and instruction at the best medical school in Missouri, he
qualified himself. With the exception of a period of interruption during
the civil war, he has practiced in Richmond since he graduated. In the
fall of 1861, he joined the Confederate army, as surgeon of the first
Missouri cavalry, and served until he was captured at Mt. Vernon, Mis-
souri, in the fall of 1862. He was paroled, returned to his home, and did
not again enter the army, but pursued the practice of his profession. Dr.
Taylor has always had a lucrative practice. He is skilled, thoroughly
conversant with the science of medicine in its every branch, prompt,
attentive, careful and vigilant. James D. Taylor's urbanity and good
nature are proverbial; he is pleasing in address, polite, courteous, and
especially attentive to the stranger who bears the impress of a gentleman.
He was married February 10, 1861 to Fannie E. Duvall, an accomplished,
and only daughter of Isaac Duvall, a well known and honored citizen of
Ray county. They have one child living, Carl D., born April 16, 1872.
Dr. Taylor and wife are members of the Christian Church. He also be-
longs to the order of A. F. and A. M. He has never sought office or
preferment at the hands of his fellow-citizens, preferring to discharge the
duties of his profession, untrammeled by extrinsic affairs. He has, how-
ever, been mayor of the city of Richmond.

GEORGE W. TRIGG.

George W. Trigg is a native of Ray county, Missouri. He was born
November 30, 1816. His father, Haden S. Trigg, a biographical sketch
of whose life may be seen elsewhere in this volume, immigrated from
Tennessee to Missouri at an early day, and settled in Ray county. Here

556 HISTORY OF RAY COUNT V

George was reared on a farm, in the management of which, when not at
school, he assisted his father. He received a good education, which he
has continued to improve by reading and study. In the fall of 1863, he
moved with his parents to Booneville, Missouri, and in 1864 went to San-
gamon county, Illinois, where he remained five years, the two last years
of which time he was engaged in teaching school. In the spring of 1869,
in company with his father's family, he returned to Ray county, Missouri,
and was employed for a time in the office of Messrs. Doniphan & Garner,
attorneys at law, after which he was engaged as clerk in the Ray County
Savings Bank, for two and a half years, at the end of which time he was
elected cashier of the bank, He discharged the duties of his position
creditably until in 1875, when he went to St. Louis to become book
keeper in the wholesale grocery house of Messrs. Keach, Sloan & Com-
pany, but returned to Richmond in August, 1876, to accept the position
of deputy circuit clerk of Ray county. He retained his position until
January 1, 1879, when, having been elected clerk of the Ray county
court at the general election in November of the preceding year, he
entered upon the duties of that office, and is now serving the people of
Ray as their county clerk. He is a capable, honest and faithful officer,
as well as an ingenuous, generous and obliging gentleman. June 26, 1873,
George W. Trigg and Miss Julia N.Jenkins, of Springfield, were united
in marriage. She is an accomplished lady, and by her cheerful disposi-
tion and wifely devotion, gladdens the home of her husband. They have
three children, as follows: George A., born November 1, 1875; Eleanor
G., born May 20, 1877, and Frank W., born February 1, 1880. Mr.
Trigg is a member of Richmond Lodge A. F. and A. M.

WARREN W. EWING.

Warren W. Ewing was born November 25, 1854, in Ray county, Mis-
souri. He received his education at the Richmond College. In the
spring of 1874 he was employed as salesman in the dry goods store of
McDonald & Davis, of Richmond, and retained this position till in 1877,
when he purchased Mr. Davis' interest in the store. In the fall of 1878
he sold out, and rebuilt the Shaw House, which had been partially
destroyed by the cyclone of June 1st, 1878. He conducted this hotel till
the autumn of 1879, when he sold it, and in connection with his present
partner, built the large and imposing brick edifice on the north-east corner of
the public square, in which is the opera house and the elegant storeroom of
Fowler & Ewing. Mr. Ewing is an energetic, enterprising young man, and
deserves much credit for what he has done in behalf of the city of Rich-
mond. He and his partner, Mr. Fowler, have a large, elegant and com-
plete stock of goods, and receive, as they deserve, a most liberal pat-
ronage. Mr. Ewing is the present treasurer of the city of Richmond,

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 557

an office he has held for years. He is a Mason, and secretary of Rich-
mond Lodge, A. F. and A. M. November 27, 1877, Warren W. Ewing
was married to Miss Fannie E. Shaw, of Richmond, Missouri, of which
city she is a native. She is a lady of rare accomplishments, winsome
manner, and cheerful, and felicitous disposition. They had one child,
Virgil C, born September 15, 1878; died March 6, 1880.

JAMES W. SMITH, M. D.

James W. Smith is a native of Ray county, Missouri, and was born
May 7, 1848. His literary training was acquired at Richmond College,
Richmond, Missouri. In 1869 he entered the drug store of Taylor &
Donaldson, where he remained as clerk (at the same time studying medi-
cine) till the fall of 1872. As medical student, Doctor Geo. W. Buchanan,
of Richmond, was his preceptor till he entered the St. Louis Medical
College, from which he graduated in the spring of 1874. After gradu-
ating he entered upon the practice of his profession at Orrick, Ray
county. In the spring of 1876 he returned to Richmond, and formed a
partnership with Doctor J. D. Taylor, buying also an interest in the drug
store of Taylor & Ringo. He continued the practice of medicine and a
druggist and pharmacist, in connection with Doctor Taylor, under the
firm name of Taylor & Smith, until March 1, 1881, when they dissolved,
W. C. Patton, Esq., purchasing the interest of Doctor Taylor in the drug
store, while Doctor Smith retained his interest therein, and continues the
practice of medicine alone. Doctor Srrfith is a member of the Missionary
Baptist Church, as is his wife, an accomplished lady, nee Mary V. Bates,
a native of Ray county, to whom he was married December 14, 1876.
He is also a member of Richmond Lodge A. F. & A. M. He is a suc-
cessful practitioner, a genial gentleman, and useful citizen, and as such is
highly respected and esteemed.

ROBERT B. KICE, D. D. S.

Robert B. Kice, a native of Indiana, was born September 9, 1837. In
his infancy, however, he was taken to Booneville, Missouri; thence, after
a short time to Lexington, Missouri, where he grew to be a man. He
was educated, so far as respects his literary training, in what was then
the Masonic College of Lexington. He graduated from that institution
in 1855; and then going to the city of Baltimore, Maryland, two winters
attending the celebrated Baltimore Dental College, and graduated there-
from in the spring of 1858. After his graduation, he located, for the
the practice of his profession, in Richmond, Missouri, where he has ever
since remained, in the enjoyment of a lucrative practice and of the esteem
of all who know him. He believes in the old adage, " A rolling stone
gathers no moss," and has remained at Richmond, steadily and success-

558 HISTORY OF RAY COUNT!.

fully pursuing his profession, for which he is qualified by thorough train-
ing, continued application, and long experience. Robert B. Kice was
married October 27, 1858, to Miss Joaella Jacobs, of Ray county. They
have five children living: George J., born May 6, 1867; John D., born
March 27, 1869; Effie M., born January 6, 1873; Robert B., born Feb-
ruary 8, 1876, and Daisy, born November 4, 1877. Dr. Kice is a leading
member of the Masonic fraternity.

BURNETT HUGHES.

Burnett Hughes was born in Ray county, Missouri, January 28, 1850.
He was educated at the State University, Columbia, Missouri, and reared
on a farm. In 1872 he entered the banking house of Hughes & Wasson,
Richmond, Missouri, as book-keeper, where he remained until January
1, 1876, when he was elected cashier of a bank at Salisbury, Chariton
county, Missouri. January 1, 1877, he and his father bought the interest
of George I. Wasson in the banking house of Hughes & Wasson, since
which time he has devoted himself to the business of this bank. He is a
member of the Christian Church, and so is his wife. He was married
January 26, 1876, to Miss Kate Morehead, of Leavenworth City, Kansas.
She is a native of Lexington, Missouri. They have two children living:
Ralph B., born September 17, 1878, and James M., born June 20, 1880.
Mr. Hughes is an active, energetic young man of fine business capacity,
temperate, reliable, and of unexceptional moral character.

CAPTAIN ELI HUGHES.

John Hughes was a native of Virginia, and was born in the year 1782,
and died in Perry county, Indiana, in the year 1861. He served as cap-
tain under General Harrison, in the war of 1812; and it was he that
recruited the volunteers who fought the battle of Tippecanoe. His son*
Captain Eli Hughes, the subject of this sketch, was born in Harrison
county, Indiana, May 31, 1827, and there, residing on a farm with his
father, grew to be a man. In 1848 he went to Louisiana, and worked at
the cooper's trade till 1856. He then traveled through different states,
until 1857, at which time he located in Ray county, where he has ever
since made his home. Until the commencement of the civil war, Captain
Hughes was engaged in farming. January 8, 1862, he enlisted as first
lieutenant, in company B, 3d cavalry of Missouri state militia. In July,
1862, he was promoted to the captaincy, and served as such until March,
1865, when he was mustered out of service, with his regiment. He took
part in the battles of Newtonia and Springfield, and served through the
campaign of General Schofield, through Arkansas, in 1862. He was
wounded by guerrillas in Arkansas, July 18, 1862, a ball passing through

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 559

his left hand, and one entering his left side. From these wounds he has
never completely recovered. He, notwithstanding his wounds, remained
with his company until mustered out. He commanded in several engage-
ments with guerrillas — was victorious over Captain Tuck Smith, captur-
ing thirty-four of his horses, in Arkansas, in August, 1864. Captain
Hughes returned home after the war, and engaged in milling, to which
he has given his attention ever since. He was married April 16, 1868, to
Miss Mary Crowley, of Ray county. Of this union two children are
living: Mattie D., and James H. C; and two are deceased. His wife
died February 1, 1873, and he was again married, February 28, 1874, to
Mary J. Lile, of Ray county. They have one child living, Jessie E.
Captain Hughes was appointed, by General Holland, to receive the sur-
render, under Lincoln's amnestv proclamation, of Confederate troops in
northern Arkansas. He accepted the appointment, and discharged its ■
duties in a creditable manner.

FELIX G. MILLER.

Felix G. Miller was born November 10, 1822, in Ray county, Mis-
souri. He is a son of Sebourn J. Miller, who was a Ray county pioneer,
having immigrated to this county from Tennessee, in 1819. He was born
near Nashville, Tennessee, in 1794, and died in Ray county in August,
1837. He was for many years a justice of the Ray county court, and
held other offices of trust and profit, conferred by the suffrages of his fel-
low citizens. Our subject was reared on a farm. His education is limited to'
that of the common schools, but he is a man of strong common sense, good
judgment, and general information. He has always been a farmer, and
now owns about 700 acres of excellent land, all of which is well improved
and in a high state of cultivation. During Mr. Miller's boyhood, Ray
county was almost a wilderness, very sparsely settled, without mills,
markets were distant, and the country in many places unreclaimed. He
has lived, however, to acquire a competency, to see his county advance to
a position scarcely second to any in the state, and himself to partake of
the comforts and advantages of modern improvements. He is a member
of the Cumberland Presbyterian church, and also of the Masonic frater-
nity since the year 1849. He was married to Martha A. Woodward, of
Ray county, but a native of Kentucky. Some years after the death of
his first wife, April 30, 1850, he was again married to Sophronia Hill, of
Ray county, who was born in Tennessee. They have three children t
Ollie, wife of John C. Brown, of Richmond; Ava, wife of Peter Trimble,
of Richmond, and Winfield, a merchant in Knoxville, Ray county.

560 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

JOSEPH S. SHOOP.

Joseph S. Shoop was born May 16, 1816, in Washington county, Mary-
land. When about fifteen years of age, he went to Waynesborough,
Pennsylvania, to learn the trade of cabinet making. After remaining four
years and a half thus employed, he spent a few months in Ohio, and then
came to Ray county, arriving October 28, 1837, and engaged in the man-
ufacture and sale of furniture until about the year 1863, when he pur-
chased a farm one mile south of Richmond, to which he moved. In the
fall of 1878 he again engaged in the furniture business, but continued to
reside on his farm, till the spring of 1881, when he rented out his farm
and returned to Richmond, and now devotes his whole attention to the
furniture business. He is a member of the Christian Church, and is a
pious, unobtrusive, honest man. He was married in September, 1842, to
Miss Maria Bransford, of Barren county, Kentucky. His first wife died,
and some years afterward he was married to Mary E. Baber. They
have three children, Cora D., Thomas W. and Clarence.

MAJOR JOHN P. NORVELL.

John P. Norvell was born June 19, 1829, in Tuscumbia, Alabama.
When one year old his father moved with him to Pulaski, Middle Ten-
nessee, where he lived till he was fourteen years of age, and with his
father's family returned to Alabama. Four years later he went to Mis-
sissippi. While in Pulaski, Tennessee, on a visit, in 1846, he enlisted as a
soldier in the war against Mexico, in Colonel Jonas Thomas' regiment,
termed the "Giles County Troopers," Captain Milton A. Harris. Suffer-
ing at the time from a gun-shot wound, he only went as far as Arkansas,
and was left, sick. He afterward returned to his home, and in February*
1846, he moved with his father and family to Pontotoc county, Missis-
sippi. In 1852 he moved to Missouri and located at Walnut Grove, in
Greene county, where he engaged in farming and dealing in live stock.
June 22, 1861, he was mustered into the Confederate army, at West
Plains, Missouri, as first lieutenant of company D, first regiment Missouri
state guards, McBride's infantry, and served till the close of the war. He
was promoted to quartermaster and paymaster of the northern sub-dis-
trict of Arkansas. During his service in the army he took part in the
following principal engagements: Wilson Creek, Oak Hill, Pea Ridge,
Corinth, Brownsville, Little Rock, Camden, Pleasant Hill, Mansfield,
Jenkins* Creek. After the engagement at the last mentioned place he was
promoted and made chief of transportation for General Price in his last
raid through Missouri. He was also at the storming of Pilot Knob, and
with Shelby in his raid upon Booneville and Glasgow, and in the fights
at Lexington, Independence, Coleman, Marais-des-Cygnes, and New-

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 561

tonia. After the close of the war, Major Norvell went to Jackson, Mis-
sissippi, and near that place engaged in cotton raising, dealing in stock*
etc. In December, 1873, he returned to Missouri, and located in Mad-
ison county, and in December, 1875, went to Kingsville, Johnson county,
where he lived till February 1, 1881, at which time he moved to Ray
county, where he still resides. He is engaged in farming, and in staging
in connection with the Wabash railway. He is the owner of a good farm
near Richmond, and is the lessee for five years of a fine blue grass farm,
on which he is grazing stock. He, however, resides in Richmond on
account of its educational advantages. Major Norvell has been a man
of remarkable activity, energy, and pluck. He was a brave soldier,
always in the front of battle, and never shirked a duty whatever peril its
performance engendered. He was married November 12, 1848, to Miss
Elizabeth J. Nisbitt, of Mississippi. She died July 17, 1849; and he was
again married January 16, 1853, to Miss Louisa Lawrence, of Springfield,
Missouri. They have five living children and three deceased. The living
are as follows: Mary Frances, wife of W. C. McFall, of Weatherford,
Texas; Laudon S., Rhoda A., Joe Shelby and Fidelia S. Major Norvell
is a member of the Masonic fraternity. He and his wife are members of
the Christian Church.

MAJOR JOHN R. HAMACHER.

John R. Hamacher, a native of Scott county, Indiana, was born August
27, 1841. He was brought up to the occupation of a miller. In October,
1861, he enlisted as a private soldier in the Union army, joining company
D, 40th infantry regiment, Indiana volunteers, and served gallantly until
the close of the war. He was promoted to be second lieutenant, then cap-
tain, and afterward major. He was with his regiment in every import-
ant battle, and took part in the following: Battles of Cumberland, Yazoo
River, Arkansas Post, Grand Gulf, Port Gibson, Raymond, Champion Hills,
and Black River Bridge, and was engaged through the entire siege of
Vicksburg, and in the battle of Alexandria, Louisiana, after which they
were granted a furlough to return home. Upon their returning, they
re-enlisted, and were on provost duty at Lexington, Kentucky, Major
Hamacher being, part of the time, provost marshal. He was, for a time,
military conductor on the Louisville & Lexington railroad. He spent the
remainder of his term of service in Kentucky and Tennessee, but was
never called into active service. Major Hamacher was not seriously
wounded in the war, unless we may except the loss of a finger; yet he
was always at his post, and dared to lead where any dared to follow. He
never faltered nor lagged in the rear; he loved the clatter of musketry,
and the cannon's roar was music to his ears. He was a true soldier, and,
as an officer, held the affection of his troops. Upon his return home from

562 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

the war, he resumed his former occupation of milling. In 1866 he was
placed in nomination by his party for county clerk of his county, but the
entire republican ticket was defeated. In 1S69 he removed to Audrain
county, Missouri, and engaged in farming; but, after one year, went to
Carroll county, where he also farmed, continuing this vocation until in
1871, he moved to Carrollton, and purchased the woolen mills at that
place, which he operated three years, at the end of which period he
moved to Ray county and bought a mill, east of Richmond, which, in
1879, he moved to that city and rebuilt; and he now has, in Richmond,
one of the finest and most thoroughly equipped steam flouring mills in
this part of the state, where he does both local and custom work. John
R. Hamacher was married August 2, 1864, to Miss Margaret A. Vandu-
sen, of Scott county, Indiana. To this union were born three children,
but one of them is deceased. Gertrude, born October 12, 1867, and
Elmer, born March 23, 1871, are living, Mr. Hamacher is a member of
the Masonic order.

ANDREW J. BOTTS.

Andrew J. Botts was born March 30, 1853, in Jefferson county, Iowa.
His father was John Botts, a native of Adair county, Kentucky, born in
1820 and died in 1870 in Macon City, Missouri. His mother's maiden
name was Susan Craig, she also, was born in Adair county, Kentucky,
and died in Macon City, Missouri, in 1864. When the subject of this
sketch was about four years old, his parents moved with him to Macon
county, Missouri. In July, 1864, he went into the union army as drum-
mer in company B, 42d Missouri volunteers. He remained with the army
until the close of the war — doing garrison duty in Tennessee, and par-
ticipating in various skirmishes. After the war, he returned home and
entered into the tinning business, and in 1867 went to Chillicothe, Missouri,
to learn the trade of tinner. He remained there three years, and in 1870
went to Millville, Ray county, and took charge of a hardware store.
After two years, he moved to Richmond and opened the hardware store
he now owns and conducts. He has a very large and complete stock of
hardware goods; in fact it is a store that would do credit to a much
larger city. He was married May 24, 1876, to Miss Lina E. Ballinger,
of Ray county. They have one child, Walter, born April 30, 1877. Mr.
Botts is an active, industrious, public spirited young gentleman, and is an
honor to the town in which he lives.

fllSTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 563

WILLIAM C. PATTON.

William C. Patton, son of Robert W. Patton, a native of Tennessee*
and who settled in Ray county more than half a century ago, was born
July 30, 1854, in Ray county, Missouri. After attending the common
schools, he was entered a student at Richmond College, and in that institu-
tion received his education. He taught school a year after leaving col-
lege, and then entered the Ray County Savings Bank as clerk. In May,
1877, he accepted a situation in the drug store of Doctors Taylor & Smith,
of Richmond, which he held until March, 1881, when he purchased the
interest of Dr. Taylor in the drug store, and now, in partnership with Jas.
W. Smith, M. D., under the firm name of Smith & Patton, is engaged as
druggist and pharmaceutist. Their store is well appointed, and contains
every article properly belonging in such an establishment. Mr. Patton
has served three terms as recorder of the city of Richmond; further than
this, he has not asked the suffrage of his fellow-citizens. He is a member
of the Presbyterian Church, and is correct in habits, truthful, high-toned
and honorable. He is yet quite young and being strong and vigorous and
endued with all the characteristics of true manhood, his future is bright
with hope. '

WILLIAM P. HUBBELL.

William P. Hubbell was born March 13, 1828, in Franklin county, Ken-
tucky. He is a son of Captain William D. Hubbell, who was born at
Bridgeport, Connecticut, in 1797, and is still living. Captain W. D. Hub-
bell was a clerk on the first steamboat that passed up the Missouri river,
in the spring of 1819. He is quite active, both mentally and physically for
one of his age, and is still cheerful, interesting and instructive in conversa-
tion, and the fact that he must soon "pass on" causes him no gloomy fore-
bodings. He lives at Columbia, Boone county, Missouri. The subject of
this sketch was reared on a farm. At the age of twelve years his father
moved with him to Howard county, Missouri, but remained there but
two years, till he removed to Clay county, Missouri. In the spring of
1850, William P. Hubbell went to California, crossing the plains with a
train of ox wagons. On the way he and his associate travelers established
a ferry across Green river, which they conducted about six weeks, and
sold out at a net profit of about $5,000. He returned home in 1851, and
engaged in merchandising, first at Liberty, Clay county, and afterward at
what is now Missouri City. He continued in business there for eleven
years. In July, 1864, he went to Carrollton, Illinois, where he was
engaged till the fall of 1865, in the mercantile business. He then came to
Richmond, Missouri, and here again resumed his favorite occupation of
merchandising. Mr, Hubbell owns, lives on and superintends a beautiful,

564 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

well improved and fertile farm just outside the limits of Richmond. He
has some eight or ten acres in small fruits of various kinds, besides a
large orchard of apples, peaches, pears and cherries of the finest varieties.
He is also a member of the firm of Shotwell & Co., engaged in coal min-
ing. They have a shaft near Richmond, and employ more than twenty
men in taking out the coal. He has been engaged in the mercantile busi-
ness ever since he came to Richmond, and is now in that occupation in
connection with his eldest son, John W. They carry a full stock of dry
goods and groceries. William P. HubbelL was married August 25, 1859,
to Mary C. Quail, at Washington, Pennsylvania, of which place she is a
native. They have the following children living: John W., Mary W.,
William M., Clarence H. and Charles G. He and his wife are members
of the Christian Church, and their exemplary christian character is worthy
of all emulation.

WILLIAM MARSHALL.

William Marshall was born December 12, 1829, in Glasgow, Scotland.
In his childhood he accompanied his parents to Canada, and remained there
till he became a man. He served an apprenticeship of six years, learn-
ing the trade of boot and shoemaker. In the spring of 1852 he came to
Richmond, Ray county, Missouri, and for about one year plied his voca-
tion in the employ of another; at the end of that time, he purchased an
interest in the shop of his employer, and subsequently, by purchase,
became sole proprietor, and has ever since conducted the business alone.
William Marshall started in life a poor boy, without any advantages of
wealth or personal assistance from others; but by patient toil, prudence and
economy, has succeeded in gaining a competency. He has a handsome
property, including a comfortable home in the city of Richmond. He
has no enemies, and his friends are numbered among the best men in the
county. He was married October 9, 1853, to Miss Eliza Kavanaugh, of
Ray county, a native of Canada. They have four sons and three daugh-
ters living: Sarah E., William E., Robert, Mary C, John, James and
Jessie.

JOHN T. BANISTER.

John T. Banister was born in Ray county, Missouri, on the 8th day of
October, 1851. His father was Judge Nathaniel Banister, a native of
Nicholas county, Kentucky. He removed to Missouri and settled in Ray
county in the year 1843. Judge Banister was a man greatly esteemed by
the people of Ray county. From 1864 to 1,865, he was judge of the pro-
bate court of Ray county. He was a prominent lawyer, a wise counselor
and a sincere friend, devoted to his neighbors, his county and his country.
He died May 18, 1877, in Richmond, Missouri. The subject of this sketch

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 565

was educated at Richmond College, Richmond Missouri. Having com-
pleted his education, he engaged in teaching school, and continued in this
pursuit for five years. In the fall of 1876, he was elected by the people,
county surveyor of Ray county. His term of office expired January 1,
1881, but at the general election in November, 1880, he was re-elected to
serve four years from the first of January, following. He was elected on
the democratic ticket. John T. Banister is an unassuming gentleman, of
ardent temperament, candid, obliging and kind. As an officer he is equal
to the JefFersonian test, as is amply proven by the readiness of the people
to make him his own successor. He resides with his mother, whose mai-
den name was Levisa J. Craig. He is a native of Kentucky, but was
among the early settlers of Ray county, Missouri.

OLIVER N. HAMACHER.

Oliver N. Hamacher was born April 17, 1856, in Scott county, Indiana.
In 1870 he moved with his parents to Audrain county, Missouri, and in
the fall of the same year moved to Carroll county, Missouri, and after
remaining on the farm one year with his father, spent two years in school
at Carrollton, Missouri, and at Lexington, Indiana. After which he came
to Ray county, and entered into the milling business with his brother.
Continuing with his brother four years, he went to Dewitt, Missouri,
where he was in the milling business until the fall of 1877, when he
returned to Ray county, and again joined his brother, John R. Hamacher,
as partner with him in the ownership and control of their steam flouring
mill, at Richmond. They have four run of burrs, do excellent work, and
have an extensive trade. Mr. Hamacher is a member of the I. O. O. F.
He was married, May 13, 1880, to Miss Minnie A. Prechard, an accom-
plished lady of Richmond, Missouri. In connection with their mill, the
Hamacher brothers have a wool-carding machine, with a capacity of 100
pounds per day. Oliver N. Hamacher also owns a farm of 120 acres.
He is a young man of great promise, and is highly respected for his
upright, moral character.

JOHN T. PATTON.

John T. Patton was born June 9, 1829, in Bedford county, Tennessee,
and in the fall of 1830 moved with his parents to Ray county, where he
has ever since resided. He is a son of James Patton, deceased, who was
a native of Tennessee, born in the year 1801. He was among the first
settlers of Ray county, and helped to establish the first state and county
roads in and through the county. He continued to reside in this county
until his death, which occurred in 1877. The subject of this sketch was
a farmer all his life up to the year 1876, when he moved to Richmond,
where he engaged in the lumber trade and in dealing in agricultural

566 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

implements, in connection with his brother-in-law, W. R. Jackson, Esq.
They have a large trade, doing an extensive business in each of their
lines. John T. Patton was married in 1850, to Miss Margaret Emmer-
son, an intelligent, amiable lady, of Ray county. To this union were
born three children, who are yet living: Laura A., wife of William
Magill, of Ray county; Isabel, wife of Rufus Hill, of Ray countv, and
Margaret J., at home. His wife died in 1S58, and Mr. Patton was again
married, in November, 1859, to Miss Narcissa R. Jackson. They had
one child, but it is now deceased. Mr. Patton and hjs wife are members
of the Christian Church. He is a good citizen, an honest man, a polite
and genial gentleman.

CHARLES JOHNSON, M. D.

Charles Johnson was born in the year 1826, in Yates county, New
York. He attended a medical school in New York, from which he
received his diploma. The school was subsequently moved to Philadel-
phia. He began the practice of medicine in 1817, in New York state,
but has practiced, also, in Indiana and Illinois. In 1856 he came to Rich-
mond, Ray county, Missouri, and continued the practice of his profession
until 1874, in which year, on account of failing health, he moved to Colo-
rado, and continued the practice of medicine at Silver Spring ranche,
near Colorado Springs. In the spring of 1S78 he went to Wilson county,
Kansas, where he owned a farm, and practiced about one year, after
which, in the spring of 1881, he returned to his former home, Richmond,
Missouri, where he intends spending the remainder of his days. Doctor
Johnson was married in September, 1856, to Mariah L. Cowdery, of Ray
county. She was born in Ohio. He never belonged to an}- church soci-
ety, religious or secret organization of any kind.

WILLIAM D. FISHER.

William D. Fisher, born in 1852, is a native of Chester county, Penn-
sylvania. He is a son of George W. Fisher, now living at Mt. Carroll,
Illinois. His father, George W. Fisher, is a native of Pennsylvania, born
in 1S26. The subject of this sketch, at the age of two years was taken by
his parents to Carroll county, Illinois, where they settled in 1854. In 1868,
he took, up the photograph business, and after learning the art of photo-
graphy, moved, in 1870, to Kansas City, Missouri, where he worked at
his calling three months; thence he moved to Liberty, Missouri; after
remaining in that town three months, he came to Richmond, where, in
connection with Dr. Kice, he continued his business of photography. In
1874, he went to Yankton, Dakota, where he remained two years, after
which he returned to Richmond, where he now resides and is engaged at
his vocation. Upon his return to Richmond, Mr. Fisher entered into the

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 567

mercantile business, which he continued for three years, and then opened
the photographic rooms he now occupies. Having spent a number of
years in preparing himself for his business, Mr. Fisher is well qualified
by skill and experience to prosecute his profession with success. He is a
member of the Masonic fraternity, and is a worthy gentleman, manly,
upright and reliable.

MURRAY F. McDONALD.

Murray F. McDonald was born January 3, 1836, in Culpepper county,
Virginia. His parents were Eben McDonald, and Elizabeth (Settle)
McDonald, both of whom were natives of Culpepper county, Virginia;
Eben McDonald, born about 1806, and his wife, Elizabeth, in 1808. They
were highly respected and honored citizens of the Old Dominion, and
were noted for that genuine hospitality which ever characterizes the true
Virginian. Eben McDonald died in 1852, and Elizabeth McDonald in
1863. Murray's grandfather, Latt McDonald, was also a Virginian. He
served creditably in the war of 1812. He had five brothers who emi-
grated westward from Virginia at an early day. Murray F. McDonald,
the subject of this sketch, was reared on a farm, receiving his education
at a high school in Jefferson, Virginia. When he came to be a man, he
entered the mercantile business as clerk and salesman. In 1854, he moved
to Richmond, Ray county, Missouri, where he was again employed for
some years as salesman in a dry goods store. In 1859, he embarked in
his favorite pursuit, that of merchandizing, on his own account. He
retired, however, in 1861, on account of the civil war, then commencing.
In 1869, he again resumed the mercantile business, in Richmond, Missouri,
at the store room he now owns and occupies, on the north side of the
court house square. He has a very large, costly and elegant stock of
goods, and is liberally patronized. Murray F. McDonald is one of the
leading business men of Richmond; he is of a modest, retiring disposi-
tion, attends closely to his calling, but he is deeply interested in the wel-
fare of his town and county, and is a man of warm impulses, morally
upright, honest and reliable. He has been a member of the city council
several terms, and has held other positions of trust since becoming a res-
ident of the city of Richmond. He was married December 28, 1858, to
Miss Maggie Davis, a daughter of Dr. Nathaniel Davis, of Richmond,
Missouri. They have four children living, viz: James A., born December
3, 1859; Murray, born January 7, 1861; Beverly, born November 13,
1862, and Daisy, born August 8, 1866. Mr. McDonald is a member of
Richmond Lodge A. F. and A. M.

568 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

OLIVER T. DICKENSON.

Oliver T. Dickenson was born in 1839, in Albemarle county, Virginia.
In 1844, when he was five years of age, his parents moved with him to
Boone county, Missouri. At the age of eighteen he went to learn the
trade of carriage-maker. He was several years in learning his trade, and
in 1859 opened a carriage and buggy manufactory in Richmond, Mis-
souri, where he made carriages and buggies of a very superior kind,
employing constantly from six to eight workmen. He continued in a
prosperous business till the cyclone of June 1, 1878, swept over Rich-
mond, totally demolishing his shop, among others, and destroying over
$4,000 worth of finished work, ready for delivery. He was left without
tools and entirely without means to carry on his business, which he set-
tled up as best he could, and in 1880 built the livery stable where he is
now engaged in the livery business. He has a good trade, and is a plain,
unpretending, honest man, who attends closely to his business, harms no
man, pays his taxes, and discharges the duties of a citizen cheerfully,
punctually, and honorably. He is a member of the order of Knights of
Honor and of the Knights of Pythias. Oliver T. Dickenson was mar-
ried in 1863 to Susan J . Asbury, of Ray county, but a native of Kentucky.
They have two children living: William N., born August 18, 1864, and
Minnie L., born October 8, 1873, and two deceased. He is a son of Nim-
rod W. Dickenson, a native of Virginia, who was drowned in the Mis-
souri river in 1S44. His mother's maiden name was Elizabeth Robinson.
She also was a native of Virginia; was born in 1815, and died about the
year 1872.

WILLIAM S. CONROW.

William S. Conrow, son of the late Honorable Aaron F. Conrow, was
born in Ray county, Missouri, May 4, 1855. He was educated at Rich-
mond College. After leaving school he adopted the law as a profession,
and entered upon its study under the instruction of Captain James L. Far-
ris, attorney at law, Richmond, Missouri. In 1877, he was admitted to
the bar, and began the practice of his profession in partnership with Cap-
tain Farris. In April, 1878, he was elected city attorney of Richmond,
and re-elected in 1879, and again in 1880. April, 1881, he was elected
city recorder, an office he now holds. These positions of trust, bestowed
by his fellow-townsmen, evince the confidence they have in young Con-
row. He is a talented young man, and if he continues prudent, persever-
ing, and pains-taking, will succeed in life.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 569

JOHN F. MORTON.

John F. Morton was born in the city of New Orleans, Louisiana, March
6, 1860. When he was about two years of age, his parents moved to Ports-
mouth, Ohio; in the high schools of which city, young Morton received his
education. In the spring of 1879, he began the study of law, having for
his preceptor, General A. W. Doniphan, of Richmond, Missouri, to which
place young Morton had moved the year previous. In the spring of 1881,
he was admitted to the bar, and the same spring was elected city attorney
of Richmond, the duties of which position he is discharging very accep-
tably. He is a son of John F. Morton, deceased, a native of Kentucky.
His father died in St. Paul, Minnesota, in 1866. His mother is now the
wife of Maurice C. Jacobs, M. D., of Richmond, Missouri. John F. Mor-
ton is an intelligent young man, studious, temperate and energetic, and if
he continues as such, as he doubtless will, a bright future awaits him.

DANIEL T. DUVAL.

Daniel T. Duval is a native of Ray county. He was born in the year
1850, and raised on a farm, and followed that occupation continuously till
the spring of 1881, when, after selling his farm, he purchased the saddle
and harness stock of J. W. Harrison, of Richmond, and engaged in that
trade. He has a commodious store-room, and a full line of everything
pertaining to a well appointed saddle and harness shop, and is rapidly
building up a large and lucrative business. Mr. Duval is a son of Thomas
A. Duval, who came from Virginia, where he was born, to Ray county,
Missouri, at an early day. He died in 1864. Daniel T. Duval is a prom-
ising young man, active, energetic and attentive to business.

JOSEPH H. DEVLIN.

Joseph H. Devlin was born in Chariton county, Missouri, in the year
1844. His father was Reverend Joseph T. Devlin, a minister of the M.
E. Church South. He was a native of Delaware, born in June, 1811,
and died in Ray county, Missouri, in October, 1878. He was a sincere,
earnest Christian, a faithful minister, a steadfast friend, and in every
department of life, one of the best and purest of men. Joseph H. Dev-
lin, the subject ol this sketch, was educated at the Richmond College.
He has always lived in Missouri, but as his father was a Methodist min-
ister, he necessarily moved from place to place. After leaving school he
went to Carrollton, Missouri, where, for about twelve years, he was
engaged in selling goods. In October, 1880, he moved, with his family,
to Sherman, Texas, but after spending the winter in that place, returned
to Missouri, and located in Richmond, Ray county, and took charge of
36

570 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

the lumber yard of McDonald & Company, which position he still holds.
He was united in marriage, May 16, 1872, with Miss Maggie Ritenour,
of Kansas City. They have had four children, only one of whom,
Mamie, born May 1, 1879, is living. Mr. Devlin is a member of the M.
E. Church South. His wife also, is a member of that church. He is also
a member of the A. O. U. W. A worthy citizen, he receives the respect
of all who know him.

MATTHEW J. CREEL.

Matthew J. Creel was born, August 18, 1833, in Culpepper county,
Virginia. When about sixteen years of age, he went to learn the carpen-
ter's trade, and served an apprenticeship of four years. In 1855 he emi-
grated to Van Buren county, Iowa, and two years later came to Ray
county, Missouri. He was exetensively engaged in farming till the outbreak-
ing of the civil war. After the close of the war, he embarked in the mercan-
tile business, and followed it for about ten years. Abandoning mercantile
life, he resumed his trade, and has since worked at it in the city of Rich-
mond, Missouri, continuously. He has been a member of the M. E.
Church South for many years, all the time one of the most active and untir-
ing workers in behalf of his church, and of religion generally. He takes
a warm interest in the Sunday-school work; leads in the Sunday-school
singing, and is also leader of the church choir. His wife is also a mem-
ber of the M. E. Church South, and is a pious, unassuming Christian
woman. He was married, May 10, A. D. 1859, to Miss Mary E. Bran-
stetter, of Richmond, Missouri. They have eight children: Sallie P.,
Myrtie E., Henry L., Sterling Price, James P., Edward B., Mattie H.,
and John E.

JOHN R. GREEN.

John R. Green was born November 4, 1858, in Caldwell county, Mis-
souri. He is the son of John W. Green, Esq., a native of Kentucky,
born in 1836, and now a respected citizen of Richmond, Missouri. In
1866 our subject moved with his father's family to Richmond, Ray
county, where he has ever since resided. He was, like many other excel-
lent and scholarly young men of Ray county, educated at Richmond Col-
lege. After leaving school, he was employed for about four years as clerk
in a drug store at Richmond. January 1, 1879, he accepted the appoint-
ment as deputy circuit clerk under the late John W. Spurlock, and in that
capacity continued to act until the spring of 1881, when he was appointed
by Governor Crittenden, clerk of Ray circuit court, to fill the vacancy
occasioned by the death of John W. Spurlock, Esq. During his service
as deputy clerk, Mr. Green had control of the office a great deal of the
time, owing to the protracted illness of Mr. Spurlock, and when appointed

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 571

to the office was well qualified for the position. As an officer he is cour-
teous, attentive, and in every way efficient. As a private citizen, he is
generous, obliging, and honorable. A brilliant future is before him.

CHARLES SEVIER.

Charles Sevier, son of Major Robert Sevier, was born at Fort Leaven-
worth, Kansas, September 30, 1832. In 1840, he, with his father's family,
located at Richmond, Ray county, Missouri. He was educated at the
Richmond College, and at the Masonic Institute, Lexington, Missouri. In
1853 he entered the circuit clerk and recorder's office, (ex-officio) as assis-
tant to his father, then the incumbent of those offices. He was shortly
afterward appoint his father s deputy, and continued as such until 1865.
He then went to farming on his farm near Richmond. Mr. Sevier owns
a fine tract of land of about two thousand acres, most of which is in the
vicinity of Richmond. During the past two years much of his time has
been engrossed in settling the estate of his father; he has, however, all
the time superintended his large tracts of farming land, most of which
are in grass. Charles Sevier was married in 1856, to Susan L. Murrell,
of Lafayette county, Missouri. To this union were born the following
children, who are living: Samuel M., born August 10, 1859; (who has
recently graduated at Kemper's Family School, Booneville, Missouri,) and
Isabel, born January 5, 1862. His wife, an amiable lady, died June 4,
1866. Mr. Sevier was again married January 28, 1869, to Emma A.
Dines, of Ray county. She is an accomplished, estimable lady. They
have four children: Robert, born December 1, 1869; George F., born
July 28, 1872; Mary R., born July 27, 1876, and Ann H., born April 24,
1878. Mr. Sevier is a member of the Presbyterian Church, a good citi-
zen, and an honest man.

LOUIS ZUR MEGEDE.

Louis zur Megede was born in Soest, Prussia, in the year 1821. In his
boyhood he served a full apprenticeship, learning the jeweler's trade. In
1841, when he was twenty years of age, he immigrated to the United
States, and settled in St. Louis, Missouri. After working for a time as
journeyman jeweler, he opened a shop on his own account in St. Louis,
which he conducted about two years, and then moved with his stock of
jewelry to Lexington, Lafayette county, Missouri. This was in the year
1849. He remained in Lexington, until the year 1877, when he moved to
Richmond, Ray county, where he has ever since resided, and is a respected,
useful citizen. In 1858, however, he had established a branch store in
Richmond, which he left in charge of a Mr. Ludniz. This stock, at the
commencement of the civil war, he moved back to Lexington; and again
in 1865, reopened his branch store in. Richmond, which, under his direc-

572 • HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

tion, was conducted by a Mr. Engler, until Mr. zur Megede moved with
his family to Richmond to make the place his permanent home. He is a
successful business man, having in his store a large and complete stock,
not only of watches, clocks and jewelry, but of musical instruments, wall
paper, stationery and books. He has a comfortable home in Richmond
having just finished a handsome new residence. He was married in
Prussia, February 24, 1861, to Isabella Dallinger. They have had seven
children, of whom- two are deceased. The living are: Louis, born March
13, 1862; he is now engaged with his father in the store; Emelie, born
September 20, 1865; Bella, born July 12, 1867; Albert, born May 5, 1869,
and Frederick Amo, born July 2, 1879. The older members of Mr. zur
Megede's family belong to the Presbyterian Church.' He is the youngest
son of William zur Megede, who was burgomaster of the city of Soest.

CAPTAIN JOHN P. QUESENBERRY.

John P. Quesenberr}' is a native of Barren county, Kentucky, where he
was educated, and grew from infancy to manhood. In 1840, he moved to
Richmond, Ray county, Missouri, and has ever since resided in that town.
He was first employed as salesman in the dry goods store of J. S. Hughes
& Co., and afterward with James S. Lightner. He was attentive, indus-
trious and efficient in these positions, and of course, filled them with credit
to himself, and to the profit and satisfaction of his employers. By the year
1848, he had saved out of his earnings sufficient means to go into business
on his own account, and in that year, in co-partnership with Robert
McGee, Esq., opened a general store, under the firm name of J. P. Quesen-
berry & Co.; and, although Mr. McGee withdrew from the firm in a few
years, the firm name has never been changed, and still remains, J. P.
Quesenberry & Co., though the subject of this sketch in the sole proprie-
tor. Mr. Quesenberry has been long and actively engaged in business in
Richmond; he has been a leading merchant of the town for almost a half
century, and during all that time has earnestly labored to promote the
interests of his town and county. He lives not alone for his own aggran-
dizement, but to contribute to the well-being of those among whom he
lives. He has been longer engaged as a merchant in Richmond, than
any other man. In June, 1861, he joined the Confederate army, and was
one of the first to enter that service from Ray county. He enlisted as a
private soldier, but in April, 1862, was made quartermaster of his regi-
ment, and served as such until July of the same year, when he was
elected first lieutenant of his company, and in November following, the
captain having fallen in battle, Lieutenant Quesenberry was elected to the
captaincy, and held that rank until May, 1865, when he resigned on
account of ill health, but remained with his command until the close of the
war. He was present at, and participated in the following battles:

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 573

Carthage, Springfield, Lexington, (Missouri), Oak Hill, Helena, Prairie
Grove, Mansfield, Pleasant Hill, (Louisana), and Jenkins' Ferry, besides
numerous engagements of minor importance. In the army, as well as in
civil life, Captain Quesenberry was always punctual — never " behind
time." In camp he was genial, cheerful and full of life; in battle, brave,
unfaltering, and at the fore-front. After the war, when peace was
restored, he returned to his home, sorrowful, but not despondent, and
resumed his former vocation, that of merchandising, in which he is now
engaged. Captain Quesenberry takes a deep interest in all that looks to
the improvement of his count}', educational, religious or otherwise. He
has long been united with the M. E. Church South, at Richmond, and is
a leading member of the Masonic fraternity, having joined that order in
1845. There are many " good men and true," in Ray county; Captain
Quesenberry is one of them, and none are more highly esteemed and
respected.

HENRY C. BURGESS.

Henry C. Burgess was born in Independence, Jackson county, Missouri,
in 1845. In 1859, he, with his parents moved to Johnson county, Mis-
souri, where they remained until in 1863, when they removed to Rich-
mond, Ray county. Mr. Burgess, in his youth, learned the wagon
maker's trade, working at the business with his father, until the latter's
death in 1878, when he and his brother, Thomas J. Burgess, took charge
of the shop and business, and have since, as before, had an extensive trade.
He, in partnership with his brother, does a general blacksmithing and
wagon making business. They also repair wagons, buggies and farm
implements, as well as manufacture both, wagons and buggies. They
are superior workmen, and their work is equal in every particular to that
made in eastern shops. They employ generally, from five to eight work-
men. The subject of this sketch is a son of Thomas N., who was born
in Madison county, Kentucky, about the year 1812, and died in Rich-
mond, Missouri, in 1878. His mother's maiden name was Couchman : she,
also, was a native Of Kentucky, and was born in 1815; died in 1874. The
shop and residence of his brother, T. M. Burgess, were destroyed by the
cyclone of June 1, 1878. Two of the family died from injuries received,
and five others were seriously wounded. The house, shop and contents
were utterly destroyed. The brothers, however, nothing daunted, began
anew after the disaster, and have succeeded admirably. Henry C. Bur-
gess is a member of the Christian Church, and also of the Knights of
Honor. He is an industrious, energetic, and worthy gentleman, and fully
merits the success he has achieved, as well as the esteem in which he is
held by his fellow-townsmen.

574 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

THOMAS J. BURGESS.

The subject of this sketch is a brother of Henry C. Burgess. He was
born in 1860, in Jackson county, Missouri. His parents moved to Rich-
mond, Ray county, in the fall of 1863, and here Mr. Burgess has ever
since resided. He was educated at Richmond College. When about
thirteen years of age he commenced to learn blacksmithing, working
under different persons, till the death of his father, when he and his
brother succeeded to the business, which is fully described in connection
with the biographical sketch of Henry C. Burgess. Mr. Burgess is yet
quite young, but he is a skilled artisan, and being intelligent, prudent and
persevering, his future is full of promise.

ISAAC L. BURGESS.

Isaac L. Burgess was born in 1844 in Independence, Jackson county,
Missouri. He is a brother of H. C, and T. J. Burgess. In 1855, he
moved with his parents to Johnson county, Missouri. He learned the trade
of wagon-maker under his father, who was a skilled workman. In 1861,
he enlisted in company G, 1st Missouri cavalry, Colonel Gordon's regiment
of General Joe O. Shelby's brigade, Confederate army, and served until
the fall of 1864. He fought bravely and well, taking part in the following
engagements: Carthage, Springfield, Prairie Grove, Helena, Franklin
and Nashville, Tennessee. After returning home from the army, he went
to the Rocky Mountains and spent one year there, and again returned to
Ray county, and engaged in farming, which he continued for two years;
after which he resumed his trade in Richmond, Missouri, and has followed
it ever since. He is an excellent workman and has a large trade; the peo-
ple liberally patronizing him because of his industry, energy and superior
workmanship. Mr. Burgess is a member of the order of Knights of
Honor. He is a worthy gentleman, prompt to meet every engagement
reliable, honest, and honorable. January 10, 1869, he was united in mar-
riage with Miss Sarah Walker, an intelligent, amiable lady, of Ray county,
Missouri. They have two children, Charles F., born February 11, 1871,
and Lulu, born February 17, 1874.

HENRY P. GROW.

Henry P. Grow was born in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, January 13, 1848,
and lived in that city until 1860, when he, with his parents, moved to
Ohio. In 1864 he enlisted in company C, 23d Ohio Union volunteers,
and remained in the army till the close of the war. His regiment, which
he was always with, save when disabled by a wound, took part in the
battle of Cedar Creek, Virginia, October 1!>, 1864. In this engagement
Mr. Grow was severely wounded in the left leg, and in the morning was

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 575

captured, but recaptured in the evening. He was sent to the hospital at
Baltimore, where he was confined to his room for three months, after
which he was assigned to detail duty, being unable for active field service.
After the close of the war he returned home and learned to be a carpen-
ter under his father. In 1867 he moved to Ashland, Kentucky, and in the
fall of 1870, came to Richmond, where he has ever since remained, with
the exception of two years, from 1872 to 1874, spent in Kansas City, Mis-
souri. Mr. Grow and his partner, Mr. Abbott, are among the leading
carpenters and builders in Richmond; they are fine workmen, always
reliable, prompt, and industrious. They erected many of the beautiful
dwellings for which the city of Richmond is so remarkable. Mr. Grow
has just completed a very handsome and substantial residence for himself.
He is a member of the M. E. Church South; of the I. O. O. F.; of the
Knights of Honor, and of the Knights of Pythias. He was married
December 12, 1871, to Miss Paulina Jackson, of Ray county. To this
union were born the following children: Annie M., Livie C. and Myrtle.
His wife, who was a daughter of Caleb Jackson, of Ray county, died
February 22, 1878.

RUDOLPH PALMER.

Rudolph Palmer is a Virginian, born in Loudon county, of the " Old
Dominion," in the year 1821. His father was a farmer, and Rudolph
followed that occupation in his native state till 1858, when he moved to
Carroll county, Missouri, and again engaged in farming, and continued it
for seven years in that county. In 1865, he moved to Ray county, and
followed his occupation of farming till the spring of 1880; at which time
he took charge of the boarding house in Richmond, of which he is now
proprietor. Mr. Palmer was married in 1848, to Susan Whaley, of Vir-
ginia. The offspring of this union was thirteen children, ten of whom
are living: Hugh W., Franklin P., Nancy C, Mary V., Alice A., Louella,
Minnie, John, Amy and Clyde.

GEORGE W. BUCHANAN, M. D.

Geo. W. Buchanan was born August 16, 1828, in Harrodsburg, Mercer
county, Kentucky. His parents died, leaving him an orphan at the age
of two years. His father was William Buchanan, an honored citizen of
Kentucky. Doctor Buchanan is of Scotch descent, his ancestors having
immigrated to the state of Virginia from Scotland at an early day. His
grandfather, George Buchanan, was one of the early settlers in Kentucky,
and his family was among those who located, laid out, and built the
town of McAfee Station, Kentucky. He came to Missouri with his
maternal grandfather, James Tilford McCoun, in or about the year 1834,
locating on land east of and adjacent to the city of Richmond, Ray county.

576 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

Here our subject spent his boyhood days and grew to man's estate. He
attended school part of the time; the rest worked on the farm, and taught
school, thereby earning a support and the means to complete his educa-
tion, the foundation of which he had already laid by careful study and
diligent application. After spending two years at the Masonic College,
Lexington, Missouri, he, in 1850, returned to Kentucky, and was entered
a student at Center College, Danville, and graduated from that institution
in 1852. He then resolved to adopt the medical profession, and to that
end attended a course of medical lectures at Cincinnati, Ohio. He sub-
sequently became a student at the celebrated Jefferson Medical College*
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and in 1855 graduated therefrom with honor.
He returned to Richmond, and at once entered upon the practice of his
profession, which, with marked success, he has ever since continued, and»
with the exception of about seven years, at Richmond. During a part
of the years 1861 and 1862, Doctor Buchanan was surgeon-in-chief of
the hospitals at Lexington, under General Sterling Price, after which he
resumed his practice at Richmond. George W. Buchanan was married
in 1855 to Miss Emily Terry, of Richmond, Missouri, but a native of
Danville, Virginia. He spent the years from 1864 to 1870 in Colorado,
with his wife and family, having gone for the benefit of the former's
health. While in Colorado, he practiced his profession. In 1869, Mrs.
Buchanan died, at Georgetown, Colorado. By his marriage with Miss
Terry, Doctor Buchanan has one son: William Terry, born in 1861. He
was again married in 1872, to Henrietta R. Watkins, of Ray county.
They have three children: George Watkins, Charles Allen, and James
McAfee. Doctor Buchanan has been longer in practice at Richmond
than any other physician (not retired) in the place. He has always had
an extensive, lucrative practice, in which he has been remarkably suc-
cessful.

BENJAMIN F. DUNCAN.

Professor Benjamin F. Duncan was born in Shelby count)', Kentucky,
April 29, 1842. When Benjamin was about nine years of age, his father
moved to Daviess county, Missouri, and here he assisted his father in the
cultivation and management of the latter's farm. In 1857, while working
at a threshing machine, which was in rapid motion, he met with an unfor-
tunate accident, which deprived him of his right arm. Two years later
he began his college course at William Jewell College, Liberty, Clay
county, Missouri, under the renowned William Thompson — the " Spur-
geon of the West;" and in the spring of 1862, he entered the sophomore
class of Georgetown College, Georgetown, Kentucky, and graduated
with honor, in 1865. After graduating, he spent the summer visiting
with his cousin, Doctor J. F. Cook — now president of Lagrange (Mis-

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 577

souri), College — and through his influence received the position of presi-
dent of the Campbellsburgh High School, which he held two years. He
then determined to abandon the teacher's profession; and the law pre-
senting an inviting field for his future labors, he determined to prepare
himself for the bar. His friends, however, prevailed upon him to accept
the presidency of Concord College, a Baptist institution, located at
New Liberty, Owen county, Kentucky. After three years he resigned his
position as president of this school, and purchased the Eminence Male
and Female Seminary, located at Eminence, Kentucky. Here he
remained until in 1876, when he sold that institution, and, returning to
Missouri, was elected president of Grand River College, at Edinburg,
Missouri; he, however, declined the position to accept that of principal of
the Richmond, Ray county, public schools, which position he now holds.
His report to the board of directors for the year ending the first Tuesday
in April, 1881, will be found elsewhere in this volume. Professor Duncan
is eminently well qualified for the profession of teacher; he has made it
his life-work, and he is yet in the prime of active manhood, with years of
usefulness, and a brilliant future before him. Benjamin F. Duncan was
married November 14, 1867, to Miss Sarah E. Buchanan, a native of Hop-
kinsville, Christian county, Kentucky. She is an educated lady, of amia-
ble disposition. Her father was James Buchanan, who, for about twenty
years, was professor of mathematics in Center College, Danville, Ken-
tucky. They have four children: James B., Anna Blanche, John M.,
and Eva.

WILLIAM S. TOMPKINS.

William S. Tompkins is a native of Missouri. He was born in Ran-
dolph county, February 25, 1839. He was educated in the common
schools, and in Grand River College, Missouri. In the spring of 1861, he
was mustered into the Confederate service, as a volunteer. He belonged to
company F, Rives' regiment, fourth division, Missouri state guards. He
bore a gallant part in the battles of Wilson Creek, Dry wood and Lexing-
ton. In the last mentioned engagement, he was seriously wounded,
being shot through the left shoulder. From this wound he has never so
far recovered as to be able to perform manual labor. As he was disa-
bled, Mr. Tompkins returned home, and remained till 1864, when he
rejoined the army, and staid with it till the termination of the war, when
he engaged in farming and teaching school jointly. In 1875, he was
elected county school commissioner of Ray county, for a term of two
years; at the end of which time he abandoned farming, and accepted the
appointment as deputy county clerk, and held the position till January 1,
1879, when he was elected as teacher of the intermediate department of
Richmond Graded Schools, a position he now holds. William S. Tomp-

578 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

kins was married in 1863, to Miss Nancy G. Terrill, of Randolph county,
Missouri. Thev have five children living, and two sons deceased. The
living are as follows: Martha A., Samuel, William G., Clara B., and

— (infant). Mr. Tompkins and wife are consistent members of the

Baptist Church. He is a worthy gentlemen and a successful teacher.

ADAM K. REYBURN.

Adam K. Reyburn was born in Fayette county, Kentuckv, August 6,
1816. When Adam was about a year old, his parents moved to Missouri
and settled in Boone county, where he lived till the age of nineteen. In
1837, he went to Indiana and engaged in contracting and building, making
his home at Indianapolis. Among the buildings erected by him in that
city, are the state and branch bank buildings. In 1840, he returned to
Missouri, and located in Lexington, where he merchandized two years.
He then came to Richmond and bought a carding factory, which he con-
tinued to operate until 1847, when he sold out and returned to Lexington,
to resume the mercantile business, but this time in partnership with his
brother, Lewis C. Reyburn. He soon sold out, however, and after
spending one year in farming, near Pleasant Hill, in Cass county, returned
again to Lexington, and built a carding machine, which he conducted till
in 1852, in which year he came back to Richmond and repurchased the
carding mill he had sold five years before. In 1858, he again sold his
carding mill, and moved to his farm three miles west of Richmond. In
1861, he returned to Richmond, and was not actively engaged in business
during the war. In 1865, he was appointed sheriff of Ray county, and
served two years. In the fall of 1866, he was elected by the people to
the same office, and held it four years. Since that time he has been
engaged in farming. He owns 800 acres of valuable farming land, well
improved and convenient to market, all of which he personally superin-
tends. He resides in town, however, where he owns a fine property. He
is a director and one of the stockholders in the Ray County Savings
Bank. He and his wife are members of the Missionary Baptist Church. He
was married in the fall of 1843, to Permelia A. Griffin, of Lexington, Mis-
souri. She is a native of Kentucky, and the daughter of Berry G. Griffin,
who was born April 12, 1823, in Mason county, Kentucky. He was mur-
dered in Richmond in 1867, by the bandits, who, at the same time, robbed
the bank at Richmond. Mr. Reyburn and wife have six children, four
boys and two girls, to-wit: Charles H., of Colorado, employed with Bar-
low, Saunderson & Co., mail contractors; James T., a farmer, of Ray
county; Permelia J., wife of John W. Francis, formerly sheriff of Ray
county, but now of St. Louis; Lucy A., and George H.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 579

WILLIAM T. SINGLETON.

William T. Singleton was born in Montgomery county, Missouri, in
1852. He is a son of John S. Singleton, of Rolla, Phelps county, Mis-
souri. He is a native of Virginia. His mother's maiden name was Stew-
art. She is a native of Kentucky. His parents are still living. When
about sixteen years of age, the subject of this sketch entered the employ
of the Wabash Railroad Company, as telegraph operator at Wentzville,
having learned telegraphy at High Hill, Missouri. He was operator at
different points on this road till in 1874, when he was appointed agent at
Lexington, Missouri. He remained at Lexington three years, and was
transferred to De Witt, Carroll county, Missouri. He was also in De
Witt three years, and in the fall of 1880, came to Richmond, Ray county,
where he is at present engaged with the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific
Railroad Company. He has been constantly in the employ of this com-
pany for more than thirteen years. This long period of uninterrupted
service is ample testimony of his integrity, efficiency and gentlemanly
deportment. Wm. T. Singleton was married June 4, 1879, to Miss Eva-
line W. Squires, an accomplished lady of Carroll county, Missouri. They
have one child, Bessie E., born March 9, 1881. He and his wife are
members of the M. E. Church South. He is also a Mason.

ROBERTSON L. JACOBS.

R. L. Jacobs was born November 25, 1852, in Ray county, Missouri.
He was educated at Richmond College. After leaving school, he went,
in 1874, to Lacygne, Kansas, and engaged in the hardware business until
1876, when he sold out and traveled through Texas for a few months,
after which he located at Empire City, Kansas, dealing in hardware for a
few months; after which he returned to Lacygne, and again engaged in
the hardware business until January, 1878, when he sold out and returned
to Ray county, and farmed for two years. In June, 1880, he purchased a
harness shop, in Richmond, and has since been engaged in the business.
He has a large trade and carries a full line of harness, saddles, etc. He is
an enterprising, successful business man, and a gentleman of excellent
moral character. He is a member of the Christian Church.

CHARLES A. MOSBY, M. D.

Charles A. Mosby was born in Richmond, Ray county, Missouri, Feb-
ruary 29, 1855. He received his literary training at Richmond College,
Richmond, Missouri. In 1875, he began the study of medicine under the
instruction of his father, Dr. W. W. Mosby- In 187S he graduated from
the Missouri Medical College, St. Louis, Missouri. Having graduated,
he returned to Richmond and entered at once upon the practice of his

580 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

profession, associated with his father. While attending medical college
in St. Louis, he still retained an interest in the drug store of Dr. W. W.
Mosby & Son, at Richmond. He is yet a partner of his father in this
store, which they have conducted for a number of years. Thev have
recently completed a large brick building, in which is their drug store —
one of the best appointed and most extensive in this part of the state.
Mr. Mosby is a young man, highly esteemed for his integrity, good nature
and exemplary moral character. He is energetic, affable and obliging,
and the confidence and esteem with which he is regarded are not unwor-
thily bestowed.

LOUIS BAUM.

Louis Baum was born in Bosen, Prussia, in the year 1843. When
about fifteen years of age, he came to the United States, and located in
Richmond, Ray county, Missouri, where he engaged in selling goods till
the breaking out of the civil war. He then began dealing in horses
and mules, buying and selling them to the government, which he con-
tinued till the close of the war. He then bought and sold horses and
mules on his own account, shipping to St. Louis and New Orleans. In
1879, he formed a co-partnership with George I. Wasson, Esq. They
erected a large stable, and have since done a very extensive business, buy-
ing, during the past eighteen months over $120,000 worth of mules and
horses. Mr. Baum is a man of great energy and strict integrity. He is
a son of Mishel Baum, a native of Germany, who came to America
about the year 1879, and died in St. Louis, Missouri, May 31, 1881, at the
age of eighty-four. He had seven children, six of whom were at his
death-bed. The youngest daughter, living in New York, was not pres-
ent. Mr. Baum is a member of the Masonic fraternity. He is also a
member of two secret societies, known as Free Sons of Israel and Bena
Brith, both of them in St. Louis. Mr. Baum's success has been achieved
by energy, industry and perseverance, and his life is an example by which
every young man may profit.

JOHN W. FRANCIS.

John W. Francis was born in Madison county, Ohio, on the 14th day of
May, 1842. His father, Alexander B. Francis, was born in the same
county and state, on the 28th day of January, 1817. His mother's name,
before marriage, was Virginia A. Elsey. She was born in Virginia on
the 9th of January, 1823, and was the eldest of a family of seven children.
His parents were married on the 1st of August, 1841, and three years
afterward in the spring of 1844, the year of the great overflow of the
Missouri river, emigrated to the state of Missouri. They traveled mainly
by steamboat in seeking their new home in the west. They landed first

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 581

at Booneville, Missouri, but remained there only a short time, selecting,
after a few weeks, Sugar Tree township, Carroll county, for their new
home. His occupation here was farming, until the death of his mother,
in April, 1854, when he lived for a short time in the family of Wilson
Malone, and with his aunt Betsey Francis. His father marrying Mar-
garet Colley, in 1855, he returned home and lived with his father until the
death of his father's second wife. His father then sent him to live with
John F. Dale, four miles northwest of Richmond, where he remained
until his father married the third time, July 14, 1857, uniting his fortunes
this time with Mary A. Proffitt. His father, about this time, purchased
a small farm, seven miles north of Richmond, and lived on it until his
death, which took place July 11, 1862. Before his father's death, a few
months, he enlisted in the United States service, volunteering as a
private in company K. 23d Missouri volunteers, for the term of three years
from the 22d day of December, 1861. This regiment was then stationed
at Grand River Bridge, one mile east of Utica, and shortly afterward
went into winter quarters at Chillicothe, Missouri. On or about the 1st
of March, 1862, his regiment was ordered to Benton Barracks, St. Louis,
and after some thorough drilling, it was ordered to Pittsburg Landing,
Tennessee. It left St. Louis by steamboat, on the first day of April, 1862,
and succeeded in reaching its point of destination, Saturday, April 5, 1862,
in time to participate in the great battle of Pittsburg Landing, on the 6th
and 7th of April, 1862. His regiment was in General B. M. Prentiss'
brigade, in the battle, and suffered terribly, having been greatly exposed
in the hottest part of the engagement. His company (company K) was
fearfully depleted. Out of eighty men in this company that went into
action, only fifteen answered at roll call at the close of the battle, the
remainder being killed, wounded or taken prisoners. In fact, the entire
regiment had met with such a heavy loss, that it was sent ba^k to Alton
Illinois, to recruit. The brave colonel of the regiment, Colonel Jacob
T. Tindall, was killed on the first day of the battle, April 6, 1862. Mr.
Francis received a wound in this battle, and was sent back to hospital in
St. Louis, to receive surgical treatment. After recovering from his wound
he rejoined his regiment, which had partly filled up its thinned ranks with
new recruits, and in 1863 took up its line of march to McMinnville, Ten-
nessee; thence to the front at Chattanooga, Tennessee, and took part in
all the battles and skirmishes from there to Atlanta, Georgia. The prom-
inent battles in which he was, were Mission Ridge, Resaca, Georgia;
Ringgold, Georgia; Allatoona, Georgia; Kenesaw Mountains, Georgia;
and in the siege of Atlanta. When his regiment arrived at Atlanta, it
was assigned to the first brigade, third division, fourteenth army corps,
army of the Cumberland. After the capture of Atlanta, he was in the
memorable march after the Confederate General Hood and his armv,

582 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

when he went back to Franklin, Tennessee. On the Coosa river, near
Rome, Georgia, General Sherman divided his army, and sent the fourth
and twentieth corps to oppose General Hood and the remainder of the
army concentrated at Kingston, Georgia, and severed communication
with the world. He was one of the grand army that marched with Sher-
man to the sea, and was one of the boys in blue, in that celebrated march,
and took part in all the movements of the victorious columns that General
Grant characterized as prompt, skillful and brilliant. He was discharged
in 1865, at Hilton Head, South Carolina, and took passage on the ocean
steamer Fulton, for New York City, thence by railroad to Ray county,
Missouri. On reaching home he found his father and brother were both
dead, and the other members of the family living at different places. He
turned his attention to farming for a short time after he came home. In
the spring of 1865, a regiment of Missouri militia was organized in Ray
county, and he was elected captain of one of the companies, (company
D), and duly commissioned by Thomas C. Fletcher, governor of Mis-
souri, on the 5th day of May, 1865. In October, 1865, he went to Law-
rence, Kansas, and hired to a freighting firm to drive a team of oxen
across the plains to Fort Union, New Mexico, and was caught in a severe
storm on the Cimarron, in New Mexico, and lost over three hundred head
of oxen by freezing and starving to death. In the spring of the year
following, he went on to Fort Union and Las Vegas, delivered over freight,
and returned to Ray county in the summer of 1866. After the Rich-
mond bank robbery, May 23, 1867, when John Shaw, mayor of Rich-
mond, F. S. Griffin, deputy sheriff, and Benjamin G. Griffin, his father,
were killed by the bank robbers, he was appointed deputy sheriff by Mr.
A. K. Reyburn, who was then sheriff of Ray county. He acted as his
deputy until his term of office expired. In November, 1868, he was
elected sheriff and collector of Ray county, on the Republican ticket.

On August 21, 1869, he married Amelia J. Reyburn, then seventeen
years old, and eldest daughter of A. K. Reyburn, ex-sheriff of Ray
county. The issue of the marriage has been two boys: Harry and
Willie. The latter one, Willie, died January, 1874. In November, 1870,
he was re-elected sheriff by a larger majority than any one on the ticket,
running ahead of the party vote. He was also elected one term to the
city council, and one term, marshal of the citv of Richmond, from April,
1870, to April, 1871. After the expiration of his term as sheriff and col-
lector of Ray county, he went to Colorado and remained there about one
year, then returned to Richmond, and shortly afterward moved to Hardin,
Ray county, and was appointed by the board of trustees, marshal and
collector, and served one term. He then moved back to Richmond.
During his official career as sheriff, he discharged the duties of his office
with marked ability. He pursued and captured many criminals and fugi-

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 583

tives from justice. Among the most noted ones were, James Devvers,
whom he captured in Madison county, Kentucky, the reward being $1100.
James Devvers was one of the bank robbers in Richmond, May 23, 1867.
Another was William McDow, who killed Ben Houston near Knoxville,
Missouri. He was caught at Lone Jack, Missouri, reward being $500.
He also captured Abe JL.ee, who had killed his man in Mandeville, Car-
roll county, Missouri. In April, 1877, he was appointed as postal clerk in
the railway mail service by Postmaster General D. M. Key, a position which
he now holds. He moved to the city of St. Louis at the time he was
appointed, and still resides there. He was at one time a stockholder in
the Ray County Savings Bank, and a director of the Ray County Agri-
cultural Association. By his energy and close attention to business and
the duties of his office, he acquired a large amount of property. He at
one time owned the fine brick mansion east of Richmond, and four hun-
dred acres of land near and adjoining the city. In the great financial
crash of 1873, that involved so many men of capital and business talent,
he lost the great bulk of the fortune he had amassed. His great energy
and capacity for whatever he turns his attention to, are rapidly elevat-
ing him to a high position in the prominent circles of business men of the
country. His career, so far, is a fine example of what pluck and peseverance
will do in overcoming all the unfavorable surroundings and obstacles of
early life.

HOLLAND VANDERPOOL.

The early pioneers of our county are rapidly passing away; ere long
the last of them will have been " gathered to their fathers. " Among the
few who yet survive is Holland Vanderpool, a native of Campbell
county, East Tennessee. He was born December, 2-t, 1806. His father,
John Vanderpool, was the very first settler in Ray county. He came
in the summer of the year 1815, and located on Crooked river, in the
southeastern part of the county, and the early years of our subject's
life were those of the pioneer. School advantages were meagre — in fact
there were no schools — and Mr. Vanderpool's literary training is, in con-
sequence, limited to such as he acquired at home, with no further assist-
ance from others than the teaching him of the alphabet by his parents.
August 28, 1828, Mr. Vanderpool was married to Miss Leah Linville,
also a native of Tennessee. The result of this union was ten children,
only four of whom are now living, as follows: Franklin, James K.,
George W. and Martha. Holland Vanderpool has spent almost his entire
life in Ray county, and now that his head is blossoming for the grave, he
is sustained and blessed by the reflection that he has " lived honorably,
hurt nobody, and rendered every man his due. " For more than forty
years he has been a faithful, consistent member of the Old School Baptist

584 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

Church. A man of proverbial kindness, he has done much to relieve the
sufferings of others — ministering to the distressed, healing the sick and dis-
pensing charity to those truly in need, whenever and wherever he could.
Mr. Vanderpool took no part in the civil war. He remained at home,
pursuing his life-long vocation of farming. He has made it the ruling
principle of his life " to do unto others as he would be done by, " and has
therefore the respect of all who know him. A worthy citizen, a warm-
hearted, obliging gentleman. We are happy to pay this tribute to a
character deserving a more extended notice than the plan of this work
will allow.

ALEXANDER OLIPHANT.

Alexander Oliphant was born at Marlfield, near Kelso, county of Rox-
borough, in Scotland, in 1806, and died from the effects of injuries received
from a fall in Leavenworth, Kansas, September 22, 1878. He married
Mrs. Martha Nisbet, widow of John Nisbet, December 7, A. D. 1837, in
the county of Armagh, in Ireland. His wife survives him. He had two
children, Mary G. Oliphant, now Maitland, wife of Alexander Maitland,
and Ralph Oliphant, both of whom survive him. Johanna H. N. Nisbet
was a daugher of Mrs. Martha Oliphant by her first husband, who mar-
ried James W. Black, of Richmond, Missouri. She died October 3, A.
D. 1860. In 1838, Mr. Oliphant left Scotland for the purpose of making
his future home in the United States. In the same year he settled on his
farm, seven miles north of Richmond, in Ray county, in the state of Mis-
souri, where he remained until the day of his death. Mr. Oliphant hav-
ing become a citizen of this country, always took a lively interest in its
prosperity. In all the issues peculiar to a new country constantly spring-
ing up, he displayed a clear judgment and great thought in forming his
conclusions. As a farmer he was active, enterprising and successful.
His farm was a model of enterprise. Always ready to encounter the risk
of the adoption of modern appliances and methods, he kept pace with the
great progress in agricultural pursuits. In the raising ol fruit and culture
of the grapes, he displayed great art, and brought to bear a knowledge of
botany that only intense observation and study can supply, and in what-
ever direction he turned his attention in the raising of staple productions,
the introduction of improved quality of cereals, the raising of stock or cul-
ture of fruit of every character, he was not satisfied to tread the trodden path,
but sought from observation and science, and treatises upon the subject that
knowledge which would enable him to keep fully up with the greatest
advance of science. His dwelling, surrounded by plants and flowers,
indigenous and exotic, displayed his culture and taste and rendered his
home a bower of beauty which a Shenstone or a Rogers might have
envied. Amidst all his busy and active pursuits he still retained his love

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 585

of the muses. Every department of knowledge received his attention.
Mathematics never palled upon his taste, and in their varied applications,
he took intense interest. Surveyor of the county in which he resided for
a number of years, and subsequently undertaking large contracts of survey-
ing under the government of the United States in the territory of Kansas,
he made himself thoroughly master of the most complicated instruments and
system of surveying used in surveying large tracts of country. He made
a specialty of chemistry, ornithology and pyrotechny. He had a rare and
valuable collection of birds of the various species peculiar to the west, and
studied with care their habits and peculiarities. A devoted lover of chem-
istry, he spent a portion of his time in its experiments and applications;
and pyrotechny furnished a means for some of its most striking illustra-
tions as well as amusement for his leisure hours. Turning from severer
pursuits, music would relax his overstrained faculties, and as the airs
adapted to ballads and lyrics familiar to his youth welled from his favor-
ite instrument, he would live over his life again and roam amidst the for-
ests, and hills, and mountains and lakes of his native land. Mr. Oliphant
graduated at Edinburgh College. He possessed a mind thoroughly dis-
ciplined by the most laborious and intense study. Possessing a fine natu-
ral capacity, and aided by every facility for acquiring information, he
explored a wide field of science and stored up a vast amount of knowl-
edge. He was gifted with a memory strong, vigorous and grasping,
which retained, even in his old age, a tenacity of retention truly wonderful.
His conversation was a rich and varied feast. Mr. Oliphant was mem-
ber of the Episcopalian Church, enjoying full membership until the day of
his death. He was distinguished for his social qualities. His society was
sought by all. All would leave his social reunions not only feeling they
had been pleased and entertained, but instructed. He was a kind friend,,
a devoted husband and an affectionate father; and his family mourn him
as one whose place can never be filled.

PEYTON T. SMITH.

Peyton T. Smith, a native of Missouri, was born in St. Charles county,
May 3, 1820. His parents, James W. and Lucy H., about the year lS'2-i,
removed with their infant son, Peyton, to this county, locating about seven
miles southwest of Richmond, on what is known as Rollins' Branch.
Nearly two years later they again removed to the farm now owned and
occupied by the subject of this sketch. Here, in later years, the elder
Mr. Smith, assisted by his son, operated a tanner}-, in connection with the
farm. Peyton T. Smith was married January 19, 1843, to Miss Lucy H.
Bates, a native of Virginia. The marriage ceremony was performed
near where they now reside, bv the Rev. Zachariah Quesenberry. This
37

586 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

union was blessed by the birth of six children, five of whom still live.
The other, born March 3, 1847, died in infancy. The names of the sur-
viving children, with dates of birth, are as follows, viz: Cleopatra 3., born
May 19, 1814; James W., born May 7, 1848; Mary S., born April 21,
1850; Nancy F., born May 22, 1852. Although Mr. Smith has met with
severe reverses in business, great destruction and loss of property by fire,
at different times during life, his well known industry and close attention
to business, and his indomitable pluck in battling against adversity, have
won for him an enviable position among his neighbors. He owns a highly
improved farm of 172 acres. One hundred and sixty acres of it, com-
prising pasture lands, orchard and tillable fields, are in a high state of
cultivation, well watered and stocked. Mr. Smith, despite the obstacles
he has been obliged to combat, is to-day a successful business man, and
as an evidence of the esteem in which he is held as a financier, he has
been successively elected to the responsible position of director in the Ray
County Savings Bank.

GEORGE FRANK.

Was born in Clarion county, Pennsylvania, September 26, 1849. His
father, John Frank, died there, and his mother subsequently married
Phillip Burrell. They removed to Lawrence county, Ohio, afterward to
Boyd county, Kentucky, and after vibrating between these two states for
some time, they finally found a permanent residence in the latter county
and state. The old people yet live there. George Frank left them at
the age of seventeen, to go out into the world and fight the battle of life
alone. After visiting different sections of Ohio and Virginia, in all of
which he lived awhile, at different times, he was married at Carbon-
dale, Ohio, by the mayor of Athens, to Miss Dorothea Hayson, in Sep-
tember, 1872. They became the parents of two children, named respect-
ively Ella and Jennie. Mr. Frank and family immigrated in 1876 to
Missouri, settling in Ray county. Two years later he went to Leaven-
worth, Kansas, returning again here, after an absence of about fifteen
months. He has followed the occupation of mining all his life, which
accounts for the somewhat nomadic life he has led. He is a member of
both the orders of Odd Fellows and Knights of Pythias.

HENRY PAGE.

Was born in April, 1826, in Howard county, Missouri. In the autumn
of 1835 he came to Ray county, where he has ever since made his home.
A year later, by the death of his father, he was compelled, at the early
age of ten years, to commence to labor for the support of the family.
He was thus denied the privileges that even those primitive times afforded
for the acquirement of an education. When only twenty years old, he

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 587

enlisted as a soldier, under General Sterling Price, and did good service
in the war against Mexico. After his discharge, allured by the hope of
finding a short road to wealth in the gold fields of California, he crossed
the plains, in the year 1850, with a train of ox teams. After spending four
years of privation and toil in the mining camps of the west, he returned
home, bringing a goodly quantity of the precious metal with him. Mr.
Page was married November 8, 1859, to Miss Emma Thompson, of Ray
county. Six children were born to them, named as follows: Joseph T.,
Sallie A., Nellie, Margaret S., Henry, and Elizabeth. This gentleman,
as the result of his habits of industry and economy, is the owner to-day
of fourteen hundred acres of good, rich land. Besides being a successful
farmer, he is also extensively engaged in stock-raising, usually feeding all
the grain he produces at home. His farm, one of the finest and best in
the county, is situated four miles north of Richmond.

THOMAS B. HEWLETT.

The subject of this sketch was born August 16, 1815, in Hanover
county, Virginia. He is descended, on the paternal side, from Scotch
ancestry; his mother's people were English. When he was but a year
old, his parents removed with him to Washington count}', Kentucky,
where he grew up to manhood's estate. In the fall of 1836, he emigrated
to Palmyra, Missouri, but, after remaining only a year, went back to
Kentucky. Again, in 1842, he came to Missouri, and chose Ray county
as the place for his future and permanent residence, settling, at first, seven
miles north of Richmond, where he continued to reside until 1857, at
which time he sold his farm and bought the one where he now lives.
Here, he built Hewlett's saw mill, and in 1859, also a grist mill, which he
operated, as miller, for eighteen years. In 1878, he sold his mill, and
since that time, has devoted his attention altogether to farming. Mr.
Hewlett was, in 1880, a successful candidate for judge of the county
court of Ray county. This honorable position he has since filled, to the
entire satisfaction of the people. Judge Hewlett was married, before he
left Kentucky, in April, 1836, to Miss Nancy Flournoy, a native of that
state. They had four children, two of whom, John P., born July 3, 1839,
and Emily, born April 23, 1817, still survive. Mrs. Hewlett died August
15, 1847, and he married again April 4, 1852. The second Mrs. Hewlett
is a native of Missouri. Her maiden name was Miss Rhoda A. Trigg.
The fruit of the last union is four children, living: Thomas B., Jr., born
January 18, 1853; Pocahontas, born May 5, 1854; Elizabeth, born August
8,1859; Alexander D., born March 30, 1861. Judge Hewlett's father,
Terry Hewlett, was a Virginian, born about 1770, and died in 1820. He
served valiantly under the American flag in the war of IS 12. The gen-
tleman whose name heads this article is well and widely known, and

58S HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY .

highly respected and esteemed, as his official position testifies. He owns
a fine, fertile farm, comprising three hundred and ten acres of the best
land in the county, abundantly stocked and equipped, and is well fixed to
end his days in comfort, and at peace with all mankind.

JOSEPH B. HINES.

Joseph B. Hines, a native of Ray county, Missouri, was born Septem-
ber 27, 1828. After finishing his education at the Richmond Academy,
he began teaching school in which profession he continued until 1850«
He was united in marriage to Miss Jemima E. Hutchinson, of Lafayette
county, Missouri, in November, 1847. Two children, Mary I. and John,
were born to Mrs. Hines. With them and their mother, Mr. Hines
started to California in the height of the gold excitement of 1850. On
their toilsome, tedious march across the plains, Mrs. Hines and both the
children were seized with that dread disease, cholera, and the husband
and father, powerless to aid them, and almost frantic with grief, watched
them all die before him. Burying their remains, near Fort Laramie, Mr.
Hines pursued his journey westward. He spent three years mining on
the Pacific slope. In California, November 25, 1851, he was again mar-
ried to Eleanor Sharp, by whom he has six children living: John S.,
William T., Joseph P., Olivia F., Gustavus A., and Viola S. Mr. Hines
returned from the west in the spring of 1853, and engaged in farming,
where he now resides, a beautiful place, well improved, four miles north-
west of Richmond. At the breaking out of the civil war, he enlisted in
company B, Major Cummins' regiment, C. S. A., where he served about
three months as forage master. At the expiration of that time a reor-
ganization was held at Springfield, and Mr. Hines entered the service,
as commissary of the regiment, which position he held until after the bat-
tle of Pea Ridge, in March, 1862, when he went to Carrollton, Arkansas,
as recruiting officer for General Raines. Here he was given the altern-
ative of imprisonment at Alton, or " protection papers." He chose the
latter, and at once returned home. Shortly afterwards, he left again,
going to Iowa, where he taught school for about a year. At the close of
the term he came back home, and has ever since been a resident of Ray
county, engaged in farming and teaching. For the last few years he has
devoted a great deal of attention to the nursery business, having now, on
his farm, a fine young nursery of ten thousand good trees, of the best
varieties. Mr. H. has taught school, at intervals, ever since he was
eighteen years old. He has just closed a term with great satisfaction to
all the patrons. He is a prominent member of the Masonic order, and also
became a member and took an active interest in the inauguration and
organization of the order of Patrons of Husbandry. Mr. Hines has,
indeed, had a varied and eventful career, and passed through many rough

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 589

ordeals, but he appears to have come out of them all unscathed, and is
to-day successful in business, and highly respected by all who know him.

JOHN V.JOHNSON.

Was born February 14, 1846. He lived in Effington county, Illinois,
until he attained his majority. Then seven years in DeWitt county, same
state. In 1862 he came to Missouri and found a temporary home in Cald-
well county. The same year he enlisted in the Union army for three
months. After his return from the army he located in Ray county, Mis-
souri, where he has since lived. He was married February 3d, 1876, to
Miss Lydia A. Dey, a native of Ray county. They have two children:
Elihu and Lewis. Mr. Johnson's business is mining.

WILLIAM D. PAINTER.

A native of Todd county, Kentucky. Was born August 21, 1849, and
came to Ray county, Missouri, in 1879. Prior to 1872 he was engaged in
farming, since then he has given his attention to coal mining. He has been
married three times. First, in 1865, February 8, to Amanda James, of
Bates county, Missouri. They had one child: Rebecca Ellen. Second,
February 3, 1868, to Dialter Nelson, of Clay county, Missouri. Third,
July 6, 1871, to Martha E. Sullards, of Andrew county, Missouri. The
last Mrs. Painter became the mother of four children, of whom but one,
Mary Francis, is living.

W. F. LANCASTER.

William F. Lancaster was born in Mercer county, Kentucky, in August,
1827, and was educated there. When he left school he was apprenticed
for two years to a carpenter in Cincinnati, Ohio. Went with his parents,
after finishing his apprenticeship, to Van Buren county, Iowa, and lived
there fifteen years, following carpentering for a while, then saw-milling,
and afterward farming. He came to Ray county, Missouri, in 1865, having
purchased land here the year previous. His farm at that time was in a
poor state of cultivation, had only an inferior log house upon it, and
no other improvements worthy of mention. By his industry and prudent
economy Mr. Lancaster is now surrounded by all the comforts and
improvements enjoyed by any of his neighbors, a fine commodious resi-
dence, a Targe, roomy and substantial barn, which is an object of admira-
tion to all who see it, and an exxellent orchard, while the entire place has
an air of business thrift and enterprise. Mr. Lancaster was not himself
engaged in either army during the rebellion, but had three brothers on the
Union side. One of these died in prison, another at Memphis, and the
third, surviving the war, returned home. Wm. F. Lancaster has been

590 HISTORY OF RAY COUNT V.

twice married. First, in 1854, to Miss Jane Smith, of Iowa. The issue of
this marriage was four children, two of whom, James Rolla and Vesta
Iowa, yet live. His second wife was Miss Jennie McDowel, of Ray
county. By her he has two children: Charlie C, and Eddie E. Mr.
Lancaster did the most of the work with his own hands in the construc-
tion of the buildings upon his farm. He is a good carpenter, a practical,
successful farmer, an estimable neighbor and a good citizen.

DAVID W. KELL.

The gentleman whose name heads this sketch was born in Madison
county, Illinois, July 29, 1844. He was educated at Shurtleff College, in
the city of Alton. His father was conducting a hardware store there,
and when young Kell had finished his collegiate course he found employ-
ment in that business. He was afterwards, in the vear 1863, engaged in
railroading, and later, found employment on a steamboat. He emigrated
to California in 1865, and while there was occupied with farming. He
returned home in 1867, and in 1869, visited Ray county, Missouri, and
remained during the summer. After his return home he continued the
cultivation of his farm. In 1874, he left Illinois, and established his home
in Ray county, and here he has ever since resided. Mr. Kell was mar-
ried to Miss Louise Clarke, of Ray county, Missouri, in the month of
December, 1870. She proved a most excellent wife, and devoted mother.
Three children were born to them: Edward C, Reuben L. and Ella M.,
who were early deprived, by death, of their mother's loving care. Mrs.
Kell died in October, 1878. She was very popular, and highly esteemed
for her amiable character. Her untimely death was deeply mourned by
her many friends and relatives. Mr. Kell has a fine farm of two hundred
acres, with a handsome and comfortable residence. He is a good citizen,
and a reliable, honest, upright man.

S. O. MASON.

Samuel O. Mason was born on the 31st day of May, 1835, in Mason
county, Kentucky. His parents immigrated to Missouri when he was
very young, and settled for a time in Lafavette county. Here he received
his education, and, after leaving school, devoted himself to farming. He
enlisted from Lafavette county, with General Jo Shelby, and served for
some time in the Confederate army. He was discharged at Baton Rouge,
Louisiana. He returned to Missouri, and began farming in Ray county.
Mr. Mason was married on the 23d day of September, 1856, to Miss
Georgia Ann Delanev, a resident of Lexington, Lafayette county, Mis-
souri, but born in Kentuckv. Of this union eight children were born, six
of whom, Robert, Ida, Flora, A., Byron, and Georgia, still live. Two,

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 591

who were younger, died in infancy. Mr. Mason was called upon to suffer
the loss of his excellent wife, and the children to mourn the absence of a
loving, tender mother's care. Mrs. Mason died August 9, 1878, and the
sunshine went out of that once happy home. Mr. Mason has traveled
considerably over different states of the Union, but has seen no section of
the country he likes better than old Ray. He has a fine large farm, in
excellent condition, a handsome residence, and a commodious and con-
viently arranged barn. He deals extensively in live-stock, and is con-
stantly grazing or feeding stock for market. He is to-day the possessor
of a handsome competency, and has the pleasant reflection as he enjoys
it, that it is all the result of his own industry.

ROBERT W. MASON.

This gentleman is a Missourian. He was born in Lafayette county,
on the 12th day of June, 185T, and was educated there and in Ray county.
His parents removed with him to the latter county in 1865, where he has
ever since been engaged in his favorite occupation, farming. He was
married on the 18th day of November, 1879, to Miss Lillie J. Slusher,
daughter of a prominent farmer of Lafayette county, Missouri. R. W.
Mason is the eldest son of Mr. Samuel O. Mason, a native of Kentucky.
Mr. Mason owns an excellent farm of one hundred and seventy-five acres
in Richmond township, in an unsurpassed condition in point of product-
iveness, a fine, commodious residence, and other improvements and con-
veniences of modern kind. He is an industrious, progressive, and suc-
cessful young farmer, and is universally liked for his good-natured hos-
pitality, so freely dispensed to friend or stranger. He counts his friends
by the score. With the advantages he now possesses, and his well-
established habits of industry and economy, Mr. Mason cannot fail of
attaining great wealth long before he is an old man.

J. R. HUNT.

James R. Hunt was born three miles from the town of Richmond, Ray
county, Missouri, on the 29th day of June, 1S29. Richmond, was at that
time, a straggling village. His parents were natives of the state of Ken-
tucky, and came to Ray county among the pioneer settlers. In the
acquirement of his education he received the advantages of such schools
as were accessible to him at that early day. He has always been a farmer,
that being his chosen vocation. He did not engage in the civil war.
Spent some time in 1865 on the plains of the great west. He was mar-
ried on the 6th day of June, 1852, to Miss- Anna E. Morris, daughter of
Washington Morris, Esq., an old settler and prominent citizen of Ray
county. The issue of their union was fourteen children; ten of whom,
Sallie, Isabelle, Francis Marion, Edward S., Cordia, George W., Kate,

592 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

Emma, Ella and Ollie, are now living. Mr. Hunt's mother, who lives
with him, though seventy-three years of age, retains a strong active mem-
ory and is in excellect health. This estimable old lady remembers vividly
many interesting anecdotes and incidents connected with pioneer life in
the count}-. Mr. Hunt owns a valuable farm, well stocked and improved,
and is in a highly prosperous condition. He is quite extensively engaged
in breeding and handling fine sheep. He is a practical, successful farmer,
an obliging neighbor, and a highly respected citizen in his community.

GEORGE S. EWING.

A native of Howard county, Missouri, and was born January 19, 1832.
His parents removed to Ray county when he was very young, and here,
together with some schooling in Kentucky, he received his education.
He was occupied with farming until the beginning of the great civil war,
when he espoused the cause of the south and ^enlisted for the war under
General Sterling Price. He was engaged at the battles of Corinth,
Springfield, Iuka, Franklin, New Hope Church, and other lesser engage-
ments. Was discharged at Jackson, Mississippi, in the spring of 1865,
and returning to Ray county, Missouri, resumed his farming. Mr.
Ewing was married in the month of June, 1852, to Miss Lydia A. Tisdale,
of Ray county. They became the parents of five children, living: Wil-
liam W., Robert S., Joseph, Jackson and Thomas. In religion, Mr.
Ewing is a Baptist, a consistent and devoted Christian and a good man.

REV. N. B. PEELER.

This gentleman, whose life's history we now have the pleasure of
presenting to his many friends and admirers, was born in Howard county,
Missouri, on the 21st of April, A. D. 1832. He was educated at Bethany
College, West Virginia, graduating in 1858. He was fortunate in receiv-
ing instructions, counsel and admonition from that distinguished divine,
Alexander Campbell, the founder of the Christian Church. In 1S59, he
went to Kentucky and spent eight years there, preaching and teaching
school in the counties of Woodford, Fayette and Henry. Returning
again to Howard county, Missouri, he continued the work of a minister
and teacher for four years. He moved to Richmond, Ray county, in
1871, and organized and taught the public school in that place for one
year. From August, 1872, to December, 1873, he was pastor of the Chris-
tian Church at Carrollton, Missouri; from that time until 1875 of the
church at Richmond, Missouri; preaching, also, at different points in the
county. Subsequently he removed to the farm upon which he now lives,
and which he conducts in connection with his teaching and ministerial
labors. Mr. Peeler was married on the 10th day of November, 1865, to

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 593

Miss Mary A. Redd, of Fayette county, Kentucky. From this union
seven children have been born to them: Julian, Alfred R., Paul and
Spence, twins, David H., Archibald O. and Annie. The Rev. Mr.
Peeler's father was born in North Carolina, in 1794; immigrated to
Howard county, Missouri, in 1818, and has lived there ever since, and
although he has reached the ripe age of eighty-six years, he is remarka-
bly strong and healthy. Mr. Peeler, senior, has been judge of the county
court and was at one time a member of the general assembly of the state
of Missouri. His occupation is farming. He is a descendant of the Ger-
mans who settled in Pennsylvania at an early day, and has always enjoyed
the respect and esteem of his fellow men. Rev. Peeler is now pastor of
the Hickory Grove Christian Church and also of the congregation at
Russellville. He is a popular and successful minister, a good teacher, a
prominent citizen, and is greatly beloved by his people. He has done a
good work for the denomination he represents in Ray county.

W. R. BALLINGER.

Wm. R. Ballinger is a Kentuckian. He was born in Garrard county,
Kentucky, in the year 1816. He obtained his education in the common
schools. He was early inspired with a liking for the life of a farmer, and
has always pursued that calling. In 1836 he went to Illinois, and for a
length of time followed farming and stock-raising in that state. He
would, perhaps, still be living there, were it not for the failure of his
health. He came to Ray county, Missouri, in the fall of 1871, and lived
for three years on a farm, near Richmond. He afterward removed to
the place, where he now resides. Mr. Ballinger's parents were Virgin-
ians, who removed to Kentucky with the tide of early immigration to
that state. Wm. R. Ballinger was married in the spring of 1853, to Miss
A. E. Bibb, of Illinois. The issue of this marriage is eight children:
Mary L., Paulina, Mattie, Jennie, Henry, Benjamin, Allen, and William.
He owns a fine farm of 360 acres, nearly all of which is under cultivation;
has a good, substantial dwelling, and other improvements usually found
on a well-kept farm. He is extensively engaged in raising fine stock.
Mr. Ballinger is a prominent citizen, and universally respected, and held in
high regard as a man by his neighbors .

S. C. DAVIS.
Was born in Ray county, Missouri, November 26, 1S36. His parents
were from the state of Tennessee, and came here with the first settlers of
Ray county. They had three sons, two of whom were killed during the
civil war. Mr. Davis was educated in the schools of his native county,
and after leaving school engaged in the avocation of farming. He was
married in the month of February, 1856, to Miss Sophronia A. Schooler,

594 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

of Ray county. Six children have been born to them, whose names fol-
low : Isabella A., Edward R., Martha A., Benora F., Maggie A., and
James F. Mr. Davis has traveled considerably through the great west.
Spent some time at the Mormon city of Salt Lake, Utah. He owns a
farm of one hundred acres of good, rich land, a comfortable residence,
and necessary out buildings for the shelter of stock and grain. He
engages largely in the cattle trade, and fattens cattle for market upon his
farm. He is a practical business man and highly prosperous. He is a
worthy member of the order of Patrons of Husbandry, Crooked River
Grange, number 1,005, and a good, substantial citizen of Richmond
township.

FRANK REMELINS.

The subject of this sketch is a native of Germany, having been born in
Bavaria, one of the German states, in the month of October, 1836. He
received his education in the justly celebrated schools of his native land.
He was trained to the calling of a furrier and previous to his departure
from Europe, was engaged in dressing furs and in other departments of
the business. Left Germany in 1853, for America, and landed at New
York, remaining there for about four years, working at carpentering.
He left New York about the year 1858, and travelled through all the
northern, most of the western and southern states, finally settling in Mis-
souri, near the town of Springfield, in Greene county. Here he lived and
worked at carpentering, in its different branches, until 1861, when he
enlisted in the home guards, under Colonel Phelps. Afterwards, his time
having expired in the home guard service, he enlisted in the fourteenth
regiment of state militia, commanded by Colonel Richardson. He was at
the battle of Springfield, Missouri, and in several other skirmishes.
Receiving his discharge at Warrensburg, in the spring of 1865, he
came to Lexington, Missouri, and resumed work at his trade, carpentering
and millwrighting. He removed to Ray county in 1869, and has since
lived here. t Mr. Remelins was married in the year 1858, to Miss Augusta
Bube, also a native of Germany. They became the parents of five chil-
dren: Louis, Ike Eugene, Frank, Emma and Paulina. He owns live
hundred and twentv acres of Ray county's best land, well improved and
stocked with the best varieties of domestic animals, a handsome, comfort-
able residence, a good barn and other out buildings, and is a successful,
wealthy farmer and a substantial citizen of his adopted county.

S. C. EDGAR.

This gentleman is a native of Kentucky, born in Hart county, Decem-
ber 12, 1845. His parents moved to Grayson county, Kentucky, when
he was but three years of age, and there he received his education, and

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 595

began the work of a farmer. From Grayson county he removed to
Hardin county, in the same state, where he lived until 1869, in September
of which year, he removed to Ray county, Missouri. Here he has ever
since had his home. During the war between the states, he was in the
Union army, under General Johnson, but was not engaged in any impor-
tant fights. Mr. Edgar was married on the 10th day of January, 1877,
to Miss Florence Maberry, a native of Ray county. They have one
child, living: Carl C. He owns a fine, productive farm of 120 acres, in
a good section of the county, adjacent to schools and churches. Mr.
Edgar is a kind, obliging neighbor, and an industrious, practical farmer,
and is well thought of by his fellow citizens of Richmond township.

A. D. HARBISON.

The gentleman whose name heads this article, was born in Shelbyville,
Shelby county, Ky., on the 11th of October, 1849. When he was but nine
years old his father removed to a farm in Ray county, Missouri, and here
our subject was reared and educated, and here he has always pursued
the business of farming. Mr. Harbison was married in the year 1874, to
Miss Susie Goldbar, of Ray county, Missouri. Two children have been
born of this union : Myrtie Alice and Minnie Eliza. Mr. Harbison owns
one hundred acres of Ray's best soil, with a good, comfortable residence,
and the whole place betokens industry, thrift and enterprise. He is one of
the best citizens of Richmond township.

JAMES P. HAYNES.

J. P. Haynes is a prominent farmer of Richmond township and now
(April, 1881,) holds the office of public administrator of Ray county. He
was born August 20, 1S16, in Murray county, Tennessee. His parents
were natives of North Carolina. When he was yet quite young, his father
moved from Murray to Bedford county, Tennessee, but remaining there
only for a time, immigrated to Ray county, Missouri, settling in the town-
ship in which our subject has ever since lived. Mr. Haynes' education
was finished in the schools of Ray county. He was reared upon a farm,
and farming has always been his chief occupation, though he taught
school for some time in his early manhood. His father died in 1862 at the
age of seventy-five; his mother lived until 1880, when she died, at the ripe
old age of eighty-nine years. Mr. Haynes is of a quiet, peaceable dispo-
sition, and has never taken any part in war-like movements, except for a
short time, against the Mormons, in this county. He was married Novem-
ber 1, 1841, to Miss Jane Schooler, a native of Tennessee. They were
married in Ray county. The issue of this marriage is six children, living.
Their names are as follows: Joseph H., George R., James H., Rosabelle

596 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

J., Mary E. M., and John A. Mr. Haynes was elected justice of the peace
in 1854, and held that office for eleven years, and as an evidence of the
popularity and respect in which he is held by the people of the county, he
was, in 1872, elected by a handsome majority, on the democratic ticket,
to the responsible office of public administrator. This office he has ever
since held to the entire satisfaction of his constituents. He also is, and
has been for years, director of the schools of his neighborhood. Mr.
Haynes is the owner of three hundred acres of as good land as any
in the county, in an excellent state of cultivation, with a good comfortable
residence, and other necessary improvements. He is engaged, to a con-
siderable extent, in breeding and raising fine stock; his blooded Cotswold
sheep, especially, are the admiration of all. He is a worthy member of
Myrtle Lodge No. 338, A. F. & A. M., and also of Crooked River Grange
No. 1005, P. of H. In religion, Mr. Haynes is a consistent member of the
Cumberland Presbyterian Church. He is one of the most substantial
farmers and best citizens of Ray county.

W. S. PETERS.

William S. Peters was born in Fauquier county, Virginia, June 7, 1819.
In 1821, his parents removed to Kentucky, and lived in that state until the
year 1855. From Kentucky the subject of this sketch came to Boone
county, Missouri, landing at Rocheport on the Missouri river, March 26,
1855, and after living in that county for a time, moved to Malta Bend, in
Saline county, where he purchased a fine farm and was largely engaged
in the stock dealing business with J. W. Layne. From Saline county he
moved to Carroll county in the year 1877, and two years afterwards to
this county, where he has since lived. He owns a good farm, well
improved and thoroughly cultivated, but devotes his own attention chiefly
to buying and shipping stock, in which business he has had as much
experience, perhaps as any man in the county. Mr. Peters was married
in Garrard county, Kentucky, January 13, 1840, to Miss Miriam Herring,
whose parents were natives of Virginia. Three children were born of
this marriage: James H., (now engaged in stock business at St. Louis),
Sarah E., (died in June, 1879), Seymour H., (engaged on his father's farm
four miles east of Richmond). Mr. Peters is a successful trader and
a practical business man, a kind, obliging neighbor, a valuable member of
the community and a prominent and highly respected citizen.

A. R. CHENAULT.

A. R. Chenault was born in Iredell county, North Carolina, June 5,
1835, and grew up in his native state. He was educated at Taylorsville
College, North Carolina, and at Wm. Jewell College, Liberty, Clay county,
Missouri. He taught school for a time in North Carolina, and then (1858)

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 597

came to Missouri, stopping first in Pettis county, and teaching in Buffalo
Academy. He next went to Clay county, Missouri, and was during a
number of years principal of a high school at Missouri City, after which
he came to this county, and presided for three years over the college at
Richmond. He is a ripe scholar, and was a popular and efficient teacher.
At the close of his engagement in the college at Richmond, he retired
from the profession of teaching, and purchased a fine farm near the R.
& L. Junction, which he has since occupied and conducted. This place
comprises eight hundred acres of very valuable land. It is handsomely
improved and in a fine state of cultivation. Its excellent condition evinces
that Mr. Chenault is as successful in farming as teaching. During the
civil war he was in the Confederate army, under General Sterling Price,
for a short time, but was compelled to leave the army on account of severe
sickness, from which he almost lost his life. He participated in the bat-
tles of Carthage, Wilson's Creek, and other minor engagements. Mr.
Chenault was married in 1866, to Miss Ella Estes, of Ray county. They
are the parents of six children: Cora, Lula, Ida, William, Charles, and
Bessie. Mr. Chenault is a useful member of the community and a prom-
inent and highly respected citizen of the county.

THOMAS J. OGG.

Thomas J. Ogg is a Kentuckian. He was born in Madison county,
Kentucky, on the 15th day of June, 1837, where he lived until he was
grown, and then came to Ray county, Missouri. He settled on a farm
about two miles southeast of Albany and resided there until 1864. He
was fortunate enough to escape embroilment in the troubles ot the war
and remained quietly at home engaged in the management of his business.
In the year 1864 he removed to the farm upon which he now lives,
(section 19, township 52, range 28.) Part of this place he owns individu-
ally, and about one hundred and sixty acres in partnership with his brother,
Wm. A. Ogg. He is also the owner of a good grist and saw-mill. Mr.
Ogg was married in the year 1862, to Miss L. E. Cox, of Ray county.
The issue of this marriage was two sons, both of whom are now living.
About ten years after their marriage, Mrs. Ogg died, and Mr. Ogg was
married again, in 1875, to Miss Lucy A. Owen, daughter of Henry E.
Owen, Esq., of Ray county. Of this union two children were born, one
only, Henry, is now living. Mr. Owen has been a member of the Chris-
tian Church for about fifteen years. His first wife was also a member of
that church. The present Mrs. Ogg is a member of the Baptist Church.
Mr. Ogg is also a member of the Masonic lodge at Richmond. He is a
fixture here and intends remaining in Ray 'county the remainder of his
life. He has been very successful, both with his farming and milling, and
is a very useful and valuable adjunct to the community in which he lives.

598 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

N. B. OGG.

Napoleon B. Ogg was born in Madison county, Kentucky, in the year
1840. He received his education and grew up there, working on his
father's farm. His father is still living there, and is now quite old. N.
B. Ogg came to Ray county, Missouri, in the year 1868, and in the month
of January, 1872, was married to Miss Lou Emma Burns, daughter of A.
Burns, Esq., formerly a resident of Ray county, now deceased. Four
sons have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Ogg, all of whom are now living.
Their names in order of birth are as follows: Cyde, Charles B., Montie
Lee, and Bertie. On first coming to this county Mr. Ogg engaged in the
mercantile business at Ogg's Mill, west of Richmond, and subsequently
at the town of Morton. He was four years in this business, and during
that time he was constantly occupied in buying and selling cattle and hogs.
The business of a stock trader is Mr. Ogg's chief occupation at present,
though he also conducts a farm near Richmond. Mrs. Ogg is a worthy
member of the M. E. Church South, at Todd's Chapel. Although Mr.
Ogg has not been a resident of Ray county for many years, he is well
identified with those who are deeply interested in her welfare and most
active in the development of her resources and the promotion of public
enterprises.

WILLIAM WILSON.

This gentleman was one of the company who sunk the first shaft for
coal in Ray county. Wm. Wilson was born in Lawarkshire county,
Scotland, in the year 1845. He has always been a miner. In the year
1865, he came to America, and spent a short time, after his arrival in this
country, in the state of Pennsylvania, then coming west, he lived for a
time in different states, until 1869, when he finally settled in Ray county,
Missouri, and received naturalization papers from the circuit court here.
Soon after locating in this county, Mr. Wilson began mining for coal, and,
as has been stated, inaugurated the business by sinking the first shaft in
is what now known as mine number six, on the railroad, one mile south
of Richmond. This enterprise was highly successful, and the great coal
beds of Ray county were opened to the world. There was a ready mar-
ket at a good price, for all the coal that Mr. Wilson could get out, and he
continued the business until now he is the possessor of a handsome income
from mines and real estate. He is the owner of a beautiful place of
seventy-three acres, in the western suburbs of Richmond, where he has
of late, turned his attention to the raising of the best varieties of poultry.
He has a patent incubator with which to hatch his fowls, and is prepared
with every modern convenience and device to assist in raising them. If
this venture proves a success, as no doubt it will under the management

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 599

of Mr. Wilson, he intends to increase his facilities and enlarge the busi-
ness. He now has the finest chickens of the white Brahma, Leghorn
and Plymouth Rock varieties, and the Toulouse geese. He is now asso-
ciated with Mr. Peter Wilson in the mining- business, under the firm
name of Wilson & Wilson. They have just sunk a new shaft on our
subject's land, near the track of the St. Joseph branch of the Wabash,
St. Louis and Pacific Railway. William Wilson was married at Rich-
mond, in the month of March, 1873, to Miss Mary Blair, daughter of
Mr. Robert Blair, formerly of that place, now dead. Five children were
born of this union, and four of them are living at this time (April 1881).
Mr. Wilson is a practical, energetic business man, and has now, by his
own enterprise and industry, the property and good name which he now
enjoys.

A. J. KINCAID.

The subject of this sketch is a native of Ray county, Missouri, and
was born on the 19th day of September, 1837. He acquired his educa-
tion in the common schools of this county, and spent the time, until his
marriage, working upon his father's farm. A. J. Kincaid was married in
the year 1862, to Miss Mary Renfro, daughter of John Renfro, Esq.
They became the parents of seven children, all of whom are now living
at home with their parents. Mrs. Kincaid and the eldest son are mem-
bers of the Methodist Episcopal Church, at Knoxville. Mr. Kincaid is
not a member of any church or secret order. He owns a good farm of
200 acres, in sections thirty-one and thirty-six, township fifty-four, range
twenty-eight, and is a very successful farmer. He is also extensively
engaged in buying and selling cattle and hogs. His business is very pros-
perous, and he is highly regarded and respected by all his neighbors.

JOHN LARKEY. •

Was born in Easton, Northampton county, Pennsylvania, on the 25th
day of December, 1807. At the age of fifteen years, he was apprenticed
to a tobacconist for a term of four years. At the expiration of his appren-
ticeship, young Larkey obtained employment in a tobacco factory at
Pittsburg. From Pittsburg he went to Cincinnati, and worked at his
trade in that city for about nine months. Then he moved to Washington
county, Kentucky, and worked there at the same business. From Wash-
ington county he went to Louisville, and, establishing a cigar factory,
entered business for himself. After living in the city of Louisville for
about two years, he went to St. Louis, Missouri, and conducted the cigar
business there for about three years. In the year 1836, Mr. Larkey came
to Ray county, and, settling at the town of Camden, on the river, engaged
in the cigar business until 1843, when he removed to a farm he had pur-

600 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

chased, in the river bottom, five miles above Camden. He had just suc-
ceeded in getting comfortably settled, when the great rise in the river,
known as the "flood of 1844," came, and his crops and fences were car-
ried away and destroyed. His loss was considerable, and, during the
three years succeeding the flood, he rented his farm, and then sold it, and
bought a place near Albany, upon which he resided for several years.
Afterward he sold this place, also, and bought the one upon which he at
present resides, five miles west of Richmond. John Larkey was married
in Ray county, Missouri, in the year 1837, to Miss Lydia Stout, daughter
of Joseph Stout, Esq. The issue of this marriage was six children, three
of each sex, all now living, and all but the youngest son are married.
Following are their names, in order of birth, viz: Charles H., September
25, 1838; Maria Louisa, July 7, 1840; Edward, November 20, 1843;
Lydia Ann, July 31, 1846; Amanda, January 1, 1848; John, October 20,
1851. Mr. Larkey is an old settler of the county, having been here for
forty-five years. He is doing well in business, and is a good citizen of
his adopted county.

RICHARD S. ELLIOTT.

Richard S. Elliott was born in the state of Virginia, in 1811. He went
from his native state to Tennessee, soon after he was grown. He was
married at Murfreesboro, Tennessee, in 1829, to Miss Margaret C. Usel-
ton, of that city. For the space of two years after he was married, Mr.
Elliott was engaged in farming, and then he came from Tennessee to
Ray county, Missouri, and entered a farm of forty acres. To this place
he added by subsequent purchases until his farm now numbers some two
hundred and five acres in the home tract (section 16, township 52, range
28). At the time of his death he owned, in all, about seven hundred acres
in Ray county. To Mr. and Mrs. Elliott nine children were born, only
six of whom are now living. Their names are as follows: Melinda
Jane, wife of P. L. Carter; Palestine, wife of J. G. Ashley; Arthur B.,
Fannie, wife of John C. Burgess ; Garner, and Landon F. All are mar-
ried but the last named, who lives upon the old homestead, with his
mother, and conducts the farm. Richard S. Elliott died on the 24th day
of October, 1873. He was highly esteemed by all his neighbors and
acquaintances. He was a successful and prosperous farmer, and a lead-
ing citizen of his section of the county.

JOHN GIBSON.

This gentleman is one of the pioneers in the development of the coal
mines of Ray county. His father, Robert Gibson, a Scotchman, was a
miner in his native country. John Gibson was born in Ayrshire, Scot-
land, December 24, 1843, and lived there until he was twenty-one years of

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 601

age. He was engaged in mining there, from his twelfth year. At his
majority he immigrated to the new world, landing at the city of New
York, after a five weeks' passage in a sail vessel, on the 10th day of Jan-
uary, 1865. He proceeded to Alleghany county, West Virginia, and,
after working in the coal mines there for about four months, came on as
far west as Lasalle, Illinois, and spent about one year in mining there.
He then went to Ohio and worked a year, returning, at its expiration, to
the mines of Illinois, at Braidwood. After remaining in Illinois for some
time, he came in 1869, to Camden, Ray county, Missouri. Here he
formed a partnership with Mr. William Wilson, a countryman of his,
whom he had formerly known in Ohio, and together they commenced
mining for coal on the lands of Joseph S. Hughes, Esq., about one mile
south of Richmond. Before they succeeded in reaching coal Mr. Hughes
entered into partnership with them, and the firm was styled J. S. Hughes
& Company. This enterprise proved highly successful and remunerative,
and a large business has been built up, and numerous rich mines since
developed. Mr. Gibson was married at Richmond, Missouri, in the year
1872, to Miss Elizabeth Fortune, daughter of Judge W. D. Fortune, of
Ray county. They became the parents of five children, three boys and
two girls, all now living. Mr. Gibson resides in the western suburbs of
Richmond. He also owns a farm of one hundred and twenty-seven
acres, a mile and a half south of that town, where he intends, at some
future time, sinking a shaft for coal. He is still interested with Messrs.
J. S. Hughes & Co., in several richly yielding mines, and is in a highly
prosperous condition. He is an active, enterprising and public spirited
man, and his services have been very valuable in the development of the
coal interests of Ray county.

JOSEPH PICKERING.

Joseph Pickering is a native of England. He was born in Blackwell,
Yorkshire, on the 22d day of March, 1831. His father, Richard Picker-
ing was a boiler maker by trade, and soon after the birth of our subject
he removed to Shildon, on the Stockton & Darling railroad, and began
work in the machine shops of the railroad company. Here Joseph
learned the trade of a machinist. His apprenticeship commenced when
he was fourteen years of age, and he finished it in four years. He con-
tinued working in the city of Shildon until the year 1849, when he came
to America. In this country he worked, first, for Tompkins & Son, of
Towander, Pennsylvania. He then went to New York and subsequently
worked at his trade, in several different cities and states until the month of
May, 1870^ when he came to Richmond, Missouri, and purchased one
hundred acres of land just outside the western limits of the town. Upon
38

602 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

this farm he established his home and has since lived. Reestablished the
Richmond foundry in the spring of 1871, and the following June was
manufacturing castings, etc. At first he used only horse power but,
at the end of four years, put in a fifteen horse power engine, which, of
course, serves the purpose much better. His principal business is repair-
ing and in this respect, especially, his enterprise in establishing this
foundry, supplied a long felt want. Joseph Pickering was married, soon
after coming to America, in Pennsylvania, to Miss Eliza Hartzal. The
issue of this union was nine children, seven of whom are yet living and all
at home with their parents, but one. ■ Mr. Pickering conducts his farm in
connection with the foundry business, both are, prospering well under his
management. His eldest son, William, is now associated with him in
business under the firm name of Pickering & Son.

ORVILLE H. SEARCY.

Orville H. Searcy, one of the first school teachers of Ray county, was
born in Nashville, Tennessee, February 26, 1800. His father, Colonel
Robert Searcy, was an officer of 1812, and figured prominently in the
battle of New Orleans. He, also, served with distinction in the war with
the Creek Indians in 1818. He was one of the Tennessee regiment with
whom the iron hearted "Old Hickory" (Jackson) invaded the Indian
country. Our subject attended the schools of Nashville, until he was
fifteen years of age, and then entered Princeton College, New Jersey.
From this celebrated institution of learning he graduated four years later
with honor. Returning to Nashville he remained at home until his mar-
riage which occured soon after his graduation. He was married on the 25th
of February, 1821, to Miss Mary Ann Patton, daughter of Thomas Patton,
Esq., and sister of Rev. Daniel Patton who became so well known, after-
wards, in Ray county. Mr. Searcy removed soon after his marriage to
Bedford (now Coffey) county, Tennessee, and engaged in teaching school.
This occupation he followed for several years and then began merchan-
dising, with which business he was occupied until he came to Missouri, in
1830. He settled on a farm one mile and a half east of Richmond, Ray
county, and lived there for about four years. This farm he then exchanged
for one nearer Richmond and removing to it, lived there until his death. Mr.
and Mrs. Searcy became the parents of thirteen children; their names in
order of birth as follow, viz: Elizabeth Jane, born February 27, 1822;
Robert Thomas, born January 11, 1824; Archie Patton, born September
20, 1S25; John Joseph, born July 30, 1827; Elvira Juliet, born May 3,
1830; Susan Dederick, born April 5, 1832; Mary Ann, born December
27, 1833; Martha Ann, born November 16, 1835; Nathaniel Davis, born
April 14, 1838; William Patton, born February 14, 1840; Orville Hen-
derson, born February 20, 1842; Lucinda Clay, born June 21, 1846; Sarah

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 603

Emeline, born October 27, 1849. Eight of them are still living and, also,
married with one exception. Orville H., Jr., is, at present (April, 1881)
unmarried. Our subject was elected in 1856, to the office of surveyor of
Ray county, and was discharging its duties very efficiently and accepta-
bly at the time of his death. He and Mr. A. C. Redman conducted a
high school at Richmond before the founding of Richmond College. Mr.
Searcy was a member of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, and was
an elder in the Richmond congregation from the time it was first organ-
ized until his death. He departed this life December 2, 1858, at the age
of fifty-eight years, loved and honored by his family and respected by all
who knew him.

WILLIAM MAGILL

has been a resident of Ray county for almost half a century, having settled
here with his father, in the spring of 1832. He was born in Lincoln
county, Kentucky, on the 3d of January, 1816. His grandfather on the
paternal side came from Virginia to Kentucky at an early day, and raised
a family of children, one of whom was the father of our subject. Both his
father and grandfather bore the same name as himself, (William). His
grandfather on the maternal side, Henry Baughman, was of German
descent, though the earliest history we have of him was, that he removed
from Greenbrier county, Virginin, to Kentucky, in the year 1785, and
settled at Baughman's Fort on Dick's river. On his return to Virginia to
bring his mother to Kentucky, he was killed by the Indians. The father
of the subject of this article was married in 1803, to Miss Mary Baugh-
man, at the old place settled by Henry Baughman, in Lincoln county,
Kentucky. They reared a family of six children, five sons and a daughter
whose names follow: Olivia, wife of Archibald Hodges; Henderson,
Baughman, Samuel P., Lorenzo H. and William. They had six other
children who died in infancy. Mr. Magill, (father of our subject),
removed with his family from Kentucky to Missouri, in the spring of
1832, and settled in Ray county upon a farm, in sections seventeen and
twenty, township fifty-two, range twenty-eight. Our subject was married
on the 12th day of September, 1844, to Miss Matilda Hamilton, daughter
of Thomas Hamilton, at one time judge of the Ray county court. The
marriage ceremony was performed by Rev. John Walker, of the " Kelly -
ite" denomination. Mr. Magill continued to reside with his father, after
his marriage, until the death of the latter in 1847. The father, at his
death willed the homestead farm to William. The farm consisted at that
time of three hundred and twenty acres, and Mr. Magill soon after added
eighty acres to it making four hundred acres in all. It now, April, 1881,
consists of but two hundred and seventy-four acres, part having been sold.
Mrs. Magill died in the year 1855, and Mr. Magill was afterwards mar-

604 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

ried to Miss Mary C. Haynes, daughter of Jo'seph P. Haynes, Esq., of
Ray count}'. The fruit of the first union was six children, named as fol-
lows: Baughman, Margaret R., wife of B. F. Baber; Mary Matilda,
wife of John L. Harrison; Thomas, William H. and Jc in S. The last
named died in infancy, the others are still living. By his second wife he
had five children: Sarah E., Lousia C. (died at the age of seven years),
Joseph Clay, (died at the age of eighteen), Olivia J., wife of Charles Dale,
and Frances E. Mr. Magill and wife are members of the Cumberland
Presbyterian Church, as are also four of their children. Three other
children are members of the M. E. Church South. Mr. Magill is also a
member of the Masonic Lodge No. 57, at Richmond. He has a produc-
tive farm, a neat comfortable home, and is a good business man and a
useful citizen.

i
JAMES T. CUMMINS.

The subject of this sketch is a native of the state of Indiana. He was
born on the 2d day of November, 1829, in Vigo county, that state. His
father, James Cummins, senior, had removed from Kentucky to Indiana
at an early day. He was the father of a family of five boys and two girls,
of whom our subject was the fourth in order of birth, and the third son.
He was reared and lived in Vigo county until the commencement of the
civil war, when he enlisted under the stars and stripes, and fought for four
years for the perpetuation of the Union. After Lee's surrender he re-
turned home, to Indiana, but, remaining only for a few months, came to
Ray county, Missouri. He first settled at Fredericksburg, in the year
1865, and was engaged for two years with Gray & Isley, selling goods.
He then went to Elkhorn and clerked for Wm. R. Harlan, until 1871, and
then removing to Richmond, sold goods for Mr. Hubbell, for another
year. He was married in 1872 to Mrs. Rhoda A. Lamar, widow of
James D. Lamar, and daughter of William Proffitt. Two children were
born as the issue of this union, both girls. Mrs. Cummins has one son by
her former marriage. Mr. Cummins belongs to the farmers' organization
of " United Taxpayers. " Soon after his marriage Mr. Cummins began
farming, and he has, ever since been engaged in that calling. He is a
practical farmer and takes great interest in every thing pertaining to ag-
riculture. He is a worthy and prominent citizen of his community, and is
much esteemed and respected by his neighbors.

HOUSTON A. EVANS.

Was born in Jefferson county, East Tennessee, on the 29th day of
October, 1842. When he was nine years of age, his parents removed to
Crittenden county, Kentucky, but, remaining there only about a year,
came to Ray county, Missouri, and located at the town of Camden. Our

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 605

subject has lived in this county ever since, except during the time he was
with the Union army during the civil war. Houston A. Evans was mar-
ried, November 26, 1865, in Ray county, to Miss Lucinda Cook. She
was born near C ilumbia, Tennessee. The result of this union was seven
children: Ira, horn September 14, 1866; Elmer, born September 28,
1867; Claude, born June 6, 1869; Houston, born January 3, 1871; Estel,
born February 12, 1873; Genevieve, born in 1875; died June 12, 1877;
Ursaline, born in 1878. Mr. Evans enlisted in company B, 44th regiment,
Missouri infantry. He was taken prisoner at the battle of Franklin, Ten-
nessee, and confined for five months in the Confederate prison at Ander-
sonville. He received his discharge from the army in June, 1865. He
returned to Ray county, and has engaged in farming here ever since. He
has filled the office of justice of the peace at Camden for two years. Mr.
Evans is a member of the M. E. Church, and also of the Masonic order,
and a Good Templar. He possesses about five acres of real estate in the
town of Camden. He is a successful business man and a worthy and
valuable citizen of his adopted country.

ALFRED A. BROWN.

The subject of this sketch was born in Harrison county, Indiana, on
the 10th of May, 1831. When he was 'about four or five years of age
his parents removed to Crawford county, Indiana, where he resided until
the year 1856, when he went to Scotland county, Missouri, and remained
there about fifteen months, and then came to Camden, in Ray county,
Missouri. Mr. Brown was married on the 21st day of October, 1861, to
Miss Amanda M. Canada, a native of the state of Virginia. They
became the parents of two children: Susan C, born in the month of
July, 1862, and William A., born in July, 1872. He enlisted in the month
of "September, 1862, in company D, 35th Missouri infantry, and was acci-
dentally shot and wounded in the right arm, by the guard firing upon
him, by mistake, at the battle of Helena, Arkansas. In the army he dis-
charged the duties of a non-commissioned officer, and was discharged at
the close of the war, in July, 1865, at St. Louis, Missouri. He learned
the trade of a cooper early in life, in Indiana, and worked at that business
some four or five years, and then clerked for a time in a store. He has
been engaged in mercantile business almost all the time since his majority,
but has only been in business at Camden for little more than one year.
He is a consistent member of the M. E. Church South. He is a suc-
cessful merchant, and a valuable citizen of the town of Camden, in Ray
county.

606 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

BENJAMIN F. CANADA.

Was born in Campbell county, Virginia, on the 21st day of June, 1838.
At the age of two years he was brought by his parents to Boone county,
Missouri, and soon after they again removed, to Daviess county, Mis-
souri, and after living there two years, came to Camden, Ray county, Mis-
souri, in the year 1844, and here our subject has ever since resided. He
is now merchandizing in the town of Camden, and has been in that
business there for about a year. Mr. Canada was married on the 23d day
of December, 1867, to Miss Mary A. Endsley, a native of Ray county,
Missouri. The issue of this marriage was three children: Cora L.,
born February 25, 1866; Allie M., born in 1871, and Katie, born in 1878
Mr. Canada has, at different times in life, held official positions, both in his
town and township, and is, at present (April, 1881,) mayor of the city of
Camden. He is a prominent and influential citizen, and is a highly
respected member of the community in which he lives.

WILLIAM G. KING.

This gentleman was born in Ray county, Missouri, January 28, 1837,
and has lived here all his life. He grew up on a farm three miles west of
the town of Richmond, and has lived upon the place he now owns for
more than twenty years. He was married on the 3d day of August, 1862,
to Miss Lliza Cox, of Lafayette county, Missouri, Rev. Dr. Lane, of that
county, officiating at the marriage. Mr. and Mrs. King became the
parents of one child, Leila, born in June, 1864. Mr. King was in the
militia service (Union) in this state during the war of the rebellion. He
owns a good farm of one hundred and sixty acres in section fifteen, town-
ship fifty-one, range twenty-eight. This place is in an excellent state of
cultivation, and also comprises some very fine grass lands. Mr. King has
been a farmer for the greater part of his life, and takes deep interest in
everything pertaining to the business. In the spring of 1881 he removed
with his family to Camden and intends making that his home in the future.
In addition to his farming interests he deals in live stock, and is agent at
Camden for the Kansas City Packet Company's line of steamboats. He
is a successful business man, a worthy, reliable agent, and a good citizen.

THOMAS MAGILL.

Is a native of the county of Rav, and has resided here all his life. He
was reared on his father's farm, and in his youth alternated between
going to the neighborhood school in the winter and working on the farm
in summer. Thomas Magill was born on the 19th day of September,
1849, in Ray county, Missouri. He has been a life long farmer. His
estate consists of some two hundred and sixty acres of land, all under good

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. <!07

fence, but about fifty acres of woodland. His place is situated but two
and one-half miles from the city of Richmond, and is very convenient to
both school and church. Mr. Magill was married September 1, 1874, to
Miss E. P. Turner, a native of Sumner county, Tennessee. They have
two children, Belle and Bessie. Our subject is a worthy member of the
Cumberland and his wife of the O. S. Presbyterian Church.

CHRISTOPHER G. GASTON.

Christopher G. Gaston was born in Greene county, Indiana, on the 9th
day of June, 1841. The family is believed to have been of French origin,
and banished from their native country to Ireland, whence they came to
the United States, and settled in South Carolina. The father of our sub-
ject, Samuel Gaston, removed from South Carolina to Indiana, and in
1844, came from that state to Missouri and settled in Johnson county.
He afterward removed to Lafayette county, and was killed near Greenton
in 1862, by the famous guerrilla, Anderson. The maiden name of Mr.
Gaston's mother was Jane H. Vankook, a native of Kentucky. In the
pursuit of an education our subject not only received the benefits of the
schools of the neighborhood, but also the advantages of instruction from
an older brother. Mr. Gaston was living in Lafayette county when the
civil war commenced, and he joined the enrolled militia of that county in
1862. Two years afterward he was appointed by Col. Sweitzer enrolling
captain for the county of Lafayette. After serving in this capacity for
three months he resigned. Mr. Gaston was married in the year 1864, to
Miss Nancy Ann Hutchison, daughter of James Hutchison, Esq., of
Lafayette county, Eight children have been born of this union, five of
whom, one girl and four boys, still live. In 1868 Mr. Gaston came to Ray
county and engaged in farming, a short distance east of Camden, for
about three years. Then he removed to Camden and entered the drug
business. He received the appointment as postmaster of Camden, in
1871, and has held the office ever since. He was elected justice of the
peace for Camden township in 1869, serving in that capacity for four
years. Mr. Gaston is a member of the Masonic Lodge, No. 57, at Rich-
mond. He is an efficient, careful and accommodating postmaster, a suc-
cessful business man, and is popular with all.

H. E. HAMIL, M. D.

Dr. Henry Edward Hamil was born in Gadsden county, Florida, on
the 18th day of January, 1840. His father, Henry Hamil, Esq., was a
native of Ireland, and had emigrated to the United States in 1838, and
engaged, extensively, in raising cotton and other products of the state of
Florida, upon his large plantation there. The family went back to
Armagh count)*, Ireland, in the year 1853, and the son, Henry, entered

608 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

the celebrated University of Dublin, to complete the course in medicine
and chemistry. After spending four years in close application to his
studies, he graduated from that institution in 1860, with the degree of
Bachelor of Medicine. Immediately after his graduation, he received,
from the Queen, the appointment as assistant surgeon in the Eighteenth
Royal Irish regiment, which was soon after transferred to the East Indies.
After spending ten months in Burmah, his regiment went to Bengal, and
there he resigned his position and returned to England. In 1862 he came
to the United States. Finding, when he reached New York, that an
Irish regiment was forming for the defense of the Union, he joined it and
served under the stars and stripes of his adopted country, until the close
of the war. In 1865 he returned to New York, and resumed the prac-
tice of his profession there. He has made one visit to Europe since he
came to America. He came to Camden, Ray county, Missouri, in 1867,
and has practiced his profession in Camden and vicinity since that time.
He now (April, 1881) conducts a drug store in connection with his prac-
tice. Dr. Hamil was married in 1879, at Camden, to Miss Mary Rich-
ardson, daughter of Asa Richardson, Esq., formerly of that town, now
deceased. Two sons, Edward and Henry, both now living, have been
born to Dr. and Mrs. Hamil. Dr. Hamil has traveled as far and seen as
much of the world as any other man, perhaps, in the county. He is a
gentleman of thorough and finished education, and an able, experienced
and successful physician. He is profoundly in sympathy with his
oppressed and suffering countrymen in " Erin's green isle." Though
born in America, he was, for the most part, reared and educated in Ire-
land, and spent the best part of his youth there, and his heart still clings
in fond remembrance to " Erin mavourneen, Erin, go bragh."

ROBERT A. PRICHARD.

The subject of this sketch is one of the leading business men of the
town of Camden. He was born in Ray county, Missouri, near the city
of Richmond, June 24, 1853. His father, William W. Prichard, was a
farmer and he was reared to the same vocation. After finishing the
course taught in the public schools, he spent several years at the Rich-
mond College, and there finished his education. After leaving school he
remained for about a year on the farm with his father, and then engaged
as clerk, for a period, in the drug store of Dr. Taylor, at Richmond. He
has, at various times since, been clerk in different business houses in that
place. While with Drs. Taylor and Jacobs, he acquired a knowledge of
the drug business, and, in 1873, opened at Camden, a drug store on his
own account. He has made the business so successful as to require the
aid of a clerk. Mr. Prichard was married in 1874, to Miss Alice V.
Jones, daughter of Mr. Ammon Jones, now deceased. Mr. Prichard

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 609

resides and continues to conduct his business in Camden. He is very
popular with all his acquaintances and is doing a thriving business.

ASA BROCKMAN.

Asa Brockman is an old settler of Ray county, and was born in Clark
county, Kentucky, in the month of April, 1826. While he was yet an
infant, his father, Mr. Joseph E. Brockman, immigrated to Missouri, and
after stopping about a year in Howard county, settled in Ray (section 22,
township 51, range 28), and here has been the home of our subject ever
since. Asa Brockman received his education in the district schools of this
county, and remained at home working upon his father's farm until he
was twenty-two years of age, and then, fired by the excitement of the dis-
covery of gold, he, in 1849, went to California. He made the trip over-
land with an ox team. He engaged in mining in California, and remained
there about eighteen months, returning at the expiration of that time, to
Ray county, by way of the Isthmus of Panama and New Orleans. On
his return home he took charge of his father's place, and has since con-
ducted and managed the farm. Mr. Brockman was married in the
autumn of 1852, to Miss Sarah F. Hudgens, daughter of B. A. Hudgens,
Esq., of Ray county. Ten children have been born as the result of this
union; eight are now living: Joseph E., John C, H. M., Nancy Jane,
wife of J. Rosell; Lou Isabel, wife of Joseph Brown; James A., Sarah
A. and Asa B. Mr. Brockman lives on the old homestead of his father,
a fine tract of 280 acres of valuable upland. He pays most attention to
grain growing. Both himself and wife are members of the Christian
Church, at South Point, near Albany.

JAMES M. SUITS.

James M. Suits was born in Guilford county, North Carolina, on the 1st
day of May, 1845. Here he received his education, and lived until the
year 1861, when he went to Richmond, Virginia, and engaged in coal
and lead mining. Two years later he left the mines and enlisted in the
Confederate army, under Major Bridgeford, who commanded the first
Virginia battalion of infantry, known as the "Irish battalion." They had
been United States regular troops before the war. After the close of the
war Mr. Suits returned to the coal mines of Virginia, and remained about
three years, and then leaving there, he worked, successively, for short
periods, in West Virginia, Ohio, and Kansas. On the 14th day of Novem-
ber, 1870, he came to Camden, Ray county, Missouri, and again resumed
work at the coal business. He engaged with J. C. McGrew, and has
been chief operator and manager for him ever since coming to Camden.
James M. Suits was married in 1863, to Miss Eliza M. Chandler, of Black-
burg, Virginia. Eight children have been born of this marriage, of whom

610 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

six survive at this time: James Anderson, Minnie Lee, William, Francis,
Earle, and Frederick. Mr. Suits is a member of Masonic Lodge, No.
444, at Albany. He is a member of the town council of Camden, and an
influential and valuable citizen.

ANDREW J. JACKSON.

This gentleman was born near the town of Camden, in Ray county,
Missouri, and was educated in the schools there. He began the business
of merchandising at the age of fifteen years, in his father's store. In 1875 he
clerked for Messrs. Dorton & Pigg, at the neighboring town of Orrick.
In the year 1876 he went to Texas and engaged for a time with a firm
who were in the clothing business, at the town of Sherman. Subsequently
he clerked in a grocery house in the same place. At the expiration of his
engagement at Sherman, he returned to Camden, Ray county, Missouri,
and entered, with his brother, a general merchandise business at that
place. In 1878 he bought out the interest of his brother, Mr. Walter A.
Jackson, in this store, and conducted it on his own account for about a
year longer, when he formed a partnership with his father, and this firm,
styled C. R. Jackson & Son, still continues to control a good local trade at
Camden. Mr. Jackson is a rising young merchant, and, with his practical
experience and long training, coupled with his sound judgment and busi-
ness acumen, cannot fail of future abundant success.

WILLIS MERIDETH.

Willis Merideth is a native of Kentucky. He was born on the 10th
day of March, 1844, in Edmondson county, that state. His father, Lewis
Merideth, removed in 1857 from Kentucky to Missouri, and settled
at Napoleon, in Lafayette county. Six years later, in 1863, he
came to Ray county, and located about three miles above the town of
Camden. Our subject received his education in the common schools in
Kentucky, partly, finishing the course in Lafayette county after the
removal of the family to Missouri. Mr. Merideth was married at Cam-
den on the 17th day of March, 1865, to Miss S. Thomas, daughter of
James M. Thomas, Esq., of Camden. Five children, three girls and two
boys, have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Merideth, three only of whom are
now living: James Lewis, Allie, and Emma, aged respectively fourteen,
twelve, and two years. Mr. Merideth is a prosperous and popular mer-
chant, and a good citizen of the town of Camden.

JAMES R. AKERS.

Was born in Ray county, Missouri, on the 24th day of December, 1829.
His father, Joseph E. Akers, was a farmer, and owned and conducted a
farm three and a half miles west of Camden. Upon this place James

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 611

was born and reared. He was educated in the district schools of the
neighborhood. His father died while he was yet a boy, and as soon as he
was old enough to manage the farm, the care of the family devolved, in
a large measure, upon him. He remained with his mother on the old
homestead until he was twenty-two years old, and then, in 1852, went to
California. There he was engaged as a teamster, at ninety dollars per
month, for about a year, and then he began mining, until December, 1854,
when he returned to Ray county, Missouri, and resumed the occupation
of farming until 1866, and then began keeping store at Camden, and has
ever since continued that business there. Mr. Akers was married on the
9th day of December, 1857, to Miss Melinda M. Cooper, daughter of Mr.
Loyd Cooper, a prominent resident of Ray county, but now deceased.
The issue of this union was five sons and three daughters: John T.,
born October 7, 1858; George R., born February 28, 1860; Walter, born
January 13, 1862; Melissa, born February 7,1865; Albert, born Decem-
ber 25, 1866; Rebecca E., born November 18, 1868; Mary E., born
November 14, 1870; William, born November 19, 1873. Albert died
September 2, 1867, and Rebecca on the 24th of February, 1870. The
others are still living, and all of them at home with their parents. Mr.
Akers is a member of Ada Lodge No. 444, A. F. & A. M., at Albany.
Himself and son, John T., are conducting a prosperous grocery business
at the town of Camden.

GEORGE W. THOMAS.

The subject of this article was born in Greenup county, Kentuckv, on
the 8th. day of April, 1845. His father, Mr. J. M. Thomas, removed to
Missouri in 1857, and settled at Camden in Ray county. Here he grew up
and received his education. He was married, in the year 1869, to Miss
Alice V. Galle, daughter of Mr. Peter Galle, of Ray county. They
became the parents of three children: Alfred Edgar, Murtie Belle, Lieu
Ella and Jesse D. Lieu Ella and an infant are dead, the others still sur-
vive. Mr. Thomas began the business of coal mining in the year 1869,
and has ever since pursued that calling. During the late war he was a
Union soldier, and participated in a number of the leading battles. Mr.
Thomas has a comfortable home in Camden, and is doing well in business.

CAPTAIN JOHN SACRY.

John Sacry was born in Lafayette county, Kentucky, December 15,
1825, and lived there until his sixteenth year, when he went, with his
father, George Sacry, Esq., to Garrard county, Kentucky. After
several other subsequent removals to different parts of the state of Ken-
tucky, he came, in 1854, to Ray county, Missouri, and located at Camden.
He has made his home in Ray county ever since. The fall after his

612 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

coming to Camden, he took charge of his uncle's, Mr. James W. Sacry's,
farm, and conducted that for a time. Before leaving Kentucky he learned
the carpenter's trade, and in 1856, he resumed work at his trade, and con
tinued it for several years. Since that time he has been variously occu-
pied in handling tobacco and live stock, and in farming. In the year 1846,
Mr. Sacry, then in his twenty-first year, enlisted in the second regiment
of Kentucky Infantry, for the war with Mexico. This regiment was com-
manded by Colonel Wm. R. McKee, and Lieutenant Colonel Henry
Clay, junior. William T. Willis was captain of the company in which
our subject was enrolled. All of these officers were killed at the battle of
Buena Vista. Mr. Sacry was discharged, on account of physical disability,
near Berita, and he at once returned to Kentucky. He also, served dur-
ing the civil war, in the Union army with the rank of captain. Captain
Sacry was married, on the 19th of December, 1856, to Miss Sarah E.
Ballew, daughter of Joseph Ballew, who is now deceased. Five children
have been born of this union, four of whom (two of each sex) are living
at the present time: George Edwin, Mattie C, John A., and Pearl.
Captain and Mrs. Sacry are both members of the Missionary Baptist
Church. He is, also, a member of the order of I. O. O. F. Captain
Sacry has been a resident of Camden for twenty-five years.

THOMAS M. COOPER.

Thomas M. Cooper was born in Jefferson county, Tennessee, on the
2d day of July, 1822. His parental ancestry were of Irish origin, his
grandfather, Isaac Cooper, having immigrated from Ireland to North
Carolina, at a very early day. His mother's people were of Welsh
descent. The father of oursubject, Mr. Lloyd Cooper, removed from
North Carolina to Tennessee in his early manhood, and there married
and raised a family. Thomas M. Cooper was educated in his native
state, and lived there until his twenty-fourth year, and then, in 1846, he
came to Missouri and settled in Ray county with a Mr. Bird Smith, for
whom he managed a farm during his first year in the county. The next
year he was engaged with Captain John Richardson, as overseer of his
slaves and farm. The following year he took charge of a large number of
negroes belonging to Mr. William Moore, who owned and cultivated a
large plantation in the river bottom, between Lexington and Richmond.
He remained in the employ of Mr. Moore for seven years, and then began
farming on his own account, and continued in that business for the space
of three years. He then moved to Camden, and in company with his
cousin, Mr. Seth H. Moore, he erected a large warehouse, and began a
general shipping and commission business. This was before the time of
railroads, and Camden was at the zenith of her prosperitv. In 1866, he
started three other enterprises in connection with his commission business,

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 613

a dry goods store, pork packing and handling tobacco. He substituted the
business of dealing in live stock, in the year 1873, for pork packing, and
purchased a farm of one hundred and fifty-six acres two miles east of
Camden, which he has conducted in connection with his other business
ever since. Mr. Cooper was first married in the year 1856, to Miss Ellen
Campbell, of Lexington. She only lived about a year after her marriage,
and he was again married in 1858, to Miss Elizabeth Willis, daughter of
Wm. Willis, Esq., of Lexington. Six children have been born to them,
but only three, Mary B., Thomas L. and Elizabeth P., now survive. Mr.
Cooper has been a member of the M. E. Church South, since 1876. Mrs.
Cooper belongs to the Missionary Baptist denomination. He is also a
member of the order of A. F. & A. M.

TAMES McENROE.

This young gentleman is one of the principal coal operators of Cam-
den. He was born in Carrollton, Illinois, on the 14th day of June, 1852.
His father, Franklin McEnroe, was accidentally killed when James was
but three years old, and our subject received his early training and counsel
from his mother. He was educated in the schools of Carrollton, and
remained at home with his mother until he was twenty years of age,
when he was engaged by the Chicago & Alton railroad company, as bag-
gagemaster at Carrollton. While in this position he learned the art of
telegraphy, and in 1870 was placed in charge of the station at Summit,
on the C. & A. railway, and remained in charge of the duties there until
1872. He was then night operator of telegraph, for a short time, for the
St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern railway, at Centralia, Missouri. He
was subsequently agent at Wentzville for four years; at High Hill, in a
similar capacity, for a time, and finished his career in railroad business with
a three and a half years' term of service at the Camden (Ray county,)
station. Mr. McEnroe was married at Camden, in the month of June,
1879, to Miss Ida Craven, daughter of John N. Craven, of that place.
About a year after his marriage, Mr. McEnroe opened a very rich coal
mine, which had been unsuccessfully worked by a party some fifteen
years previous, upon the land of his father-in-law, Mr. Craven. His
mining operations have been very successful, and he has built up an
extensive and lucrative business in coal. Only one child was born to Mr.
and Mrs. McEnroe. It died in infancy, and its mother surviving it but a
short time, died also, in the beginning of the present year (1881). Mr.
McEnroe is a member of Cyrus Royal Arch Chapter No. 36, A. F.
& A. M., at Richmond. Though young in years, he has already
acquired, by his own unaided efforts, an enviable reputation and position
among the enterprising and successful business men of Camden.

614 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

JOSEPH MILLER.

Was born in Clay county, Missouri, January 19, 1843. His father
removed the year alter the birth of Joseph, with his family to Camden,
Ray county, Missouri. His father was a cooper, and from him our sub-
ject learned that trade. JosephlMiller worked at the cooper's trade until
1878, when he began coal mining. During the late civil war he was a
soldier in the Union army. He was married, in 1876, to Miss Laura E.
Armstrong, daughter of Mr. Wesley Armstrong, of Moniteau county,
Missouri. They became the parents of five children, two boys and three
girls. Only three are now living: Mary A., Edith A. and William H.
Mr. Miller has a neat, comfortable home, in Camden, and is, at present
(April, 1881), engaged as weigh-master of mine No. 5, owned by J. C.
McGrew, of Lexington.

CAPTAIN ANDREW ELLIOTT.

Andrew Elliott was born in Ray county, Missouri, near where he now
lives, on the 8th day of September, 1822. He received his educational
training in Ray county, and has always lived here. The familv, from
whom our subject is descended, was of Irish origin, his great grandfather
having been a native of Ireland. Captain Elliott has been a farmer and
stock raiser ever since he began business for himself. He enlisted in the
service of the Union, and commanded company A, 3d regiment, Missouri
state militia, in the civil war. John Elliott, father of the ^subject of this
article, was collector of revenue for Ray county, for the year 1827. Capt.
Elliott was married in the autumn of 1868, to Miss Martha Ann Ballew,
daughter of Mr. Joseph Ballew, now deceased. One child, Catharine
Susie, is the issue of this marriage. Captain Elliott sold his own farm,
consisting of 160 acres, and his interest in his father's 500 acre estate, to
his brother in 1880, and intends retiring from active business cares during
the remainder of his life.

REV. WILLIAM T. BROWN.

William T. Brown is a native of Ray county, Missouri, and was born
on a farm owned by his father, Thomas A. Brown, situated about four
miles northwest of the town of Camden. The date of his birth was
October 7, 1847. He received his education in the schools of his native
county, and has all his life made his home here. In the month af Janu-
ary, 1865, at the age of eighteen years, he left home to avoid troubles
growing out of the war, and went to Nebraska, and the summer follow-
ing, to Colorado. He spent about nine months in the west, and then
returned to his home in Ray county. Mr. Brown was married on the
6th day of December, 1866, to Miss Sarah E. White, daughter of Wm.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTV. 615

• A. White, Esq., of Ray county. Soon after he bought a farm (section
six, township fifty-one, range twenty-eight,) and began the work of farm-
ing. About the age of twenty-two years, Mr. Brown began preaching,
and in 18T0, was ordained as a minister of the regular Baptist Church.
He has preached, very successfully, in many of the counties of western
Missouri, and also, in several other states. Mr. and Mrs. Brown became
the parents of seven children, six now living, named as follows, viz.:
Charlie Alvin, Melinda Ellis, Mary Frances, Lucy Jane, Jesse Dudley,
and an infant daughter. Anna Eliza, the second in order of birth, died
when six months old. Mr. Brown was elected, in November, 1880, on
the democratic ticket, by a handsome majority of eleven hundred votes,
to represent Ray county in the thirty-first general assembly. He now
(April, 1881,) has pastoral charge of four churches: New Hope, Crooked
River, Fishing River and Mt. Zion, the latter is in Clay county. He is a
popular, successful minister, and a prominent and influential citizen.

ADRIEL KING.

The subject of this sketch was a Kentuckian. He was born in Gar-
rard county, Kentucky, on the 21st of May, 1801. He grew up and was
married there. Miss Jane Graves became his wife on the 21st day of
September, 1824. A few years after his marriage he removed to Mis-
souri, and, after stopping a short time in Boone county, settled in Ray
county, three miles southwest of Richmond (sections 11 and 12, township
51, range 28). To the extent of land first entered, he afterwards added
by purchase, until at the time of his death, he owned 320 acres of land
there, besides other tracts in other parts of the county. Mr. and Mrs.
King became the parents of eleven children, six of whom are now living:
Lydia Ann, wife of Thomas Bryant, of Chillicothe; Angeline, wife of
Frank Davis, of Daviess county; Mary, wife of George Williams, of Ray
county; Brunette, wife of Peter Ford; William G. and Henry C. Mar-
garet and Martha both died in infancy; Emma, wife of A. B. Elliott;
Matilda, wife of Henry Jacobs, and Elizabeth, wife of Whit. Lyle, are all
dead. Mr. Henry C. King, at present the representative of the family on
the old homestead, has 240 acres of land, including the residence. He
was married in the month of March, 1868, to Miss Jane Thompson,
daughter of Mr. Joseph Thompson, of Ray county. The issue of this
union was four children, two of each sex. Mr. Adriel King died on the
12th day of July, 1869. He was widely and prominently known and
greatly respected.

616 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

JOHN L. HARRISON.

Was born in Flemingsburg, Fleming county, Kentucky, on the 22d day
of April, 1840. His father, Mr. James B. Harrison, removed, in Septem-
ber following, to Missouri, and located, temporarily, in Callaway county.
In the spring of 1841, he came to Ray county, and settled near the city of
Richmond. The next year he bought one hundred and sixty acres of
land, three miles west of Richmond, and removed to it with his family.
On this farm our subject was reared. He finished his education with two
years' study, at Richmond College, in December, 1859, and soon after
went to Denver, Colorado. After spending about nine months in the
Rocky mountains, he returned to his home in Ray county, but remaining
but a short time. He enlisted, in the cause of the south, for the war, and
was with the Confederate army until taken prisoner, on the Gasconade
river, in 1862. He was held as prisoner of war, and transported from
prison to prison until 1864, when he was pardoned, by President Lincoln*
through the influence of ex-Governor Austin A. King. He never re-en-
tered the service. After the war was over he engaged in the milling
business, and then commenced farming, and has since pursued the latter
calling. Mr. Harrison was married, January 16, 1867, to Miss Mary M.
Magill, daughter of William Magill, Esq., of Ray county. One child,
Minnie Lee, has been born of this marriage. Both Mr. and Mrs. Har-
rison are members of the M. E. Church South. He is also a Free Mason,
with fellowship in Myrtle Lodge No. 338, at Millville. Mr. Harrison is
an obliging and hospitable neighbor, a courteous gentleman, and a good
citizen.

ARTHUR B. ELLIOTT.

Was born in Ray county, Missouri, on the 17th day of September,
1842, and was reared and educated here. His education he received prin-
cipally at Richmond College. He is a son of Richard S. Elliott, deceased.
His occupation has always been farming. He entered the Confederate
army at the age of fifteen years, and fought throughout the four years of
civil war. Mr. Elliott was married in the year 1865, to Miss Emma King,
daughter of Adriel King, deceased. One child, named Henry Lee, was
born to them. Mrs. Elliott lived only a short time after her marriage,
dying in 1868. Mr. Elliott was subsequently married to Miss Mattie
Lyle, daughter of Mr. Whit. Lyle, deceased. They became the parents
of two children, named respectively, Robert and Emma. Mr. Elliott is a
prosperous, well-to-do farmer, and a respected and valuable citizen of the
county of Ray.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 617

WILLIAM PINCKNEY.

Was born in Durham county, England, on the 2d day of July, 1834,
and was educated there. He lived in his native country until he had
attained his majority. He then came to America, and has been engaged,
either in coal or lead mining, ever* since. Mr. Pinckney enlisted in the
Union army at Lexington, Missouri, and served throughout the war. He
has never been married. He came to Camden, Ray county, Missouri, in
the year 1881, and now holds the responsible position of superintendent
of the coal mines belonging to J. C. McGrew, Esq. Mr. Pinckney is an
experienced and practical miner, and is thoroughly honorable and trust-
worthy, as his appointment to the position of superintendent bears testi-
mony.

JAMES C. ENDICOTT.

The subject of this sketch was born in Clay county, Missouri, on the
22d day of November, 1835, and lived there until January, 1855, when
he came to Ray county, Missouri, and has lived here ever since. Mr.
Endicott was married, the first time, on the 28th day of November, 1861,
to Miss Margaret Remley, a native of Ray county. They became the
parents of one child, Clara B. Mrs. Endicott died in the month of March,
1877, and Mr. Endicott was married again, on the 29th of November,
1877, to Miss Amy Barbers. The issue of this marriage was one child:
Amanda M. Mr. Endicott is a member of the Masonic Lodge at Rich-
mond. He owns a farm of two hundred acres of excellent land, one hun-
dred and fifty acres in fine state of cultivation, and his busines is very
prosperous.

THOMAS McGINNIS.

Thomas McGinnis was born September 26, 1827, in Anderson county,
Kentucky. He received his education in the common schools of the
neighborhood, and at Versailles, in Woodford county. He was married
in November, 1847, before he was twenty-one years of age, to Miss
Rebecca Boggess, of Anderson county, Kentucky. Soon after his mar-
riage with Miss Boggess, he removed to Missouri, and settled in Mont-
gomery county, but remained there only one year, till he came to Ray
county, January, 1848, where he has ever since resided. After locating
in Ray county, Mr. McGinnis engaged in teaching school, at the same
time superintending a farm in the botton near Hardin. After three years
he abandoned the school-room, and devoted himself exclusively to farm-
ing and dealing in live-stock. His first wife died while he was engaged
as teacher, and two years after her death he married Miss Laura I. Shaw,
daughter of T. L. D. W. Shaw, now deceased. His second wife died in
39

618 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

May, 1S65, and he subsequently married Mrs. Lucinda M. Duncan,
widow of Mr. John Duncan, and daughter of Bennett ^tratton, formerly
of Ray county. From these three marriages have orung twenty-one
children, five of whom were born to his first wife, five : fhe second, and
eleven to the third, and out of this number only fourteen' ire living; one
of them, Sarah F., is married. She is the wife of James E. Wood, Esq.
Mr. McGinnis was justice of the peace of Crooked Rr, er township for
six years, having been first elected in 1870. During this time he was at
once justice of the peace, merchant, and farmer. His store (one of gen-
eral merchandise) was in Hardin; his farm near that village. He also at
the same time dealt somewhat extensively in live-stock. In 1876 he was ,
elected sheriff of Ray county on the democratic ticket, by a large major-
ity over his republican competitor. He filled this office with singular
efficiency, and at the general election in November, 1878, the people,
appreciating his ability as an officer, and admiring him for his many excel-
lent traits of character as a private citizen, demanded that he again be
their sheriff, and he was elected to a second term without opposition.
Captain McGinnis received at this election the largest vote ever cast in
the countv. By virtue of a law of the state, he was prevented from
availing himself of the general desire of his fellow-citizens to again elect
him to the office of sheriff. He was succeeded in office bv his son, James
T. McGinnis, and retired to his home, about three nfiles southwest of
Richmond, where he now resides on his valuable and well-improved farm,
in the enjoyment of the respect and esteem of all the people of Ray
county, whom he has served faithfully in important positions of public
trust. Of genial disposition, courteous in manners, obliging and agree-
able to all, hospitable at his home, capable in office, always sincere, frank
and honest, it is not wonderful that Thomas McGinnis is universally pop-
ular. No man of decent address and demeanor is denied a seat at his
table; he is a generous host, a warm-hearted friend, and in every sense
of the word a true gentleman. Captaia McGinnis is a member of the
Masonic fraternity, and also of the Odd Fellows and Knights of Pythias,
and has held responsible positions in each.

HARVEY HAPPY.

This gentleman was born in Lexington, Kentucky, on the 5th day of
March, 1831, and there he was educated and continued to live until he
was grown. His father, Mr. James Happy, was also a native of the state
of Kentucky, and a farmer in Fayette county. Harvey Happy was mar-
ried in Boone county, Kentucky, on the 22d day of March, 1850, to Miss
Sarah Ann Rosell, daughter of George Rosell, of Boone county. One
child, Isabella, was born of this union, and died September 20, 1852.
Mrs. Happy died on the 8th day of January, 1854, and Mr. Happy was

I
HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 619

subsequently mar 'ed to Miss Jane Rosell, sister of his first wife. The
issue of this mai iage was ten children, nine of whom still survive:
Theodosia, wife f J. S. King; Walter, Lee Jackson, Harvey Ray,
George Wash ton, Arthur Stephen, William Franklin, John Neil and
Bud. The fir? child, Fillmore, by the second marriege, died at the age
of six months. Mr. Happy came from Kentucky to Hardin, Ray county,
Missouri, in 185 % and for a time after coming operated a saw mill and
then merchandised for about four months at Hardin. Moved to the place
he at present occupies (section twenty-one, township fifty-one, range
twenty-eight) in 1868. This is a fine farm of two hundred acres of very
productive land. Mr. Happy is a member of the "regular'* Baptist
Church and also of Ada Lodge, No. 444, A. F. & A. M., at Albany.
He is a substantial, well-to-do farmer and a good citizen.

JOHN P. WEIGLES.

John P. Weigles is of German extraction. He was born in Centerville,
Illinois, on the 20th day of May, 1855, and educated in the city of St.
Louis, Missouri, whither his father moved in 1856. Here his father died
and the family afterwards moved to Ray county, Missouri. Our subject
has always been engaged in farming. He was married December 26,
1879, to Miss Orl£nia A. Loyd. Of this union one child, John Perry, has
been born. Mr. Weigles lives upon the Loyd estate, to which his wife is
one of five heirs, one and a half miles west of the town of Camden. A
number of the heirs are minors and partition of the property can not, in
consequence, be made for some time, and in the meantime, Mr. Weigles
controls and manages the place. Mrs. Weigles is a worthy member of
the Fishing River Regular Baptist Church.

MARTIN V. KITE.

Was born in Page county, Virginia, March 28, 1837. He attended
school at a place called Honeyville. At the age of twenty-three years he
enlisted in the 23d Virginia regiment of Confederate volunteers, and
served in the cause of the south throughout the entire war. In the year
1869 he came to Missouri and located in Warren county, where he
engaged in milling for about three years, then going to Lafayette county,
he purchased a farm and pursued the business of stock-raising for four
years. He sold his farm in Lafayette county in the year 1875, and com-
ing to Ray county, purchased the Wolf farm, about two miles west of
Camden, and has made his home here ever since. Mr. Kite was married
while living in Warren county, Missouri, to Miss Jennie Kite, a distant
cousin of his. Six children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Kite, five of
whom are living: David, Donie Salina, Sylvester, Maggie Docia, and

620 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

Roberta. Their eldest child died in infancy. Mrs. Kite is a member of
the Methodist Episcopal Church South, at Camden. Mr. Kite owns a
valuable farm, well improved and stocked, and is in a flourishing condition.
He is highly esteemed and respected by his neighbors, and is a valuable
adjunct of the community in which he lives.

ROBERT H. WOODROOF.

Was born in Buckingham county, Virginia, on the 9th day of January,
1825. In the same year his father, Wyatt T. Woodroof, moved to St.
Louis county, and after staying there one year, to St. Charles county,
Missouri. After living there for five years his father died, and the family
removed to Warren county, Missouri, where our subject received his edu-
cation and grew to manhood. He began farming on his own account, in
the year 1852, and has always followed that calling. He came to Ray
county in 1869, and buying a farm from Dr. Brashear, (section 20, town-
ship 51, range 28,) settled upon it and has continued living there to the
present time, (April, 1881). Mr. Woodruff was married on the 22d day
of May, 1872, to Miss Sarah, daughter of Mr. George Lillard. They
became the parents of two sons, one of whom, Robert L., is now living.
Mr. Woodroof owns a valuable farm of three hundred and three acres of
excellent land, well improved, with a good comfortable residence, out
houses and barn and a fine orchard. He is a leading farmer and valuable
citizen of Camden township.

WILLIAM COX.

This gentleman was born in Hanover county, Virginia, on the 22d day
of December, 1820, but was raised in Claiborne county, East Tennessee,
whither his father had removed when he was but six years old. Here he
grew up on his father's farm. He was engaged with the American army
in the war against Mexico. He came to Missouri in 1839 and settled on
Crooked river, in Ray county, about six miles northwest of the town of
Richmond. His home has been in this county ever since he came first,
except some time spent in Carroll county, and about nine years he lived in
the state of Nebraska. In 1861 William Cox joined the Confederate army
under General Price, and was engaged during the entire war, part of the
time with General Price and part under General Jackson. He was also
a soldier in the Indian wars in Oregon in 1854 and 1855. Mr. Cox was
married in Ray county, Missouri, to Miss Elizabeth Eaton, daughter of
Nathan Eaton, Esq., of Tennessee. The issue of this marriage was thir-
teen children. Only six of them, three of each sex, are now living. Mr.
Cox is a member of the regular Baptist Church, and also of the Farmer's
Club. He has just returned to Ray county, from Nebraska, after nine

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 621

years sojourn there, and having purchased a farm in section eight, town-
ship fifty-one, range twenty-eight, intends making his home in this county
henceforth during his life.

STANTON R. LILLARD.

Stanton R. Lillard was born in Madison county, Virginia on the 8th
day of May, 1834, and grew up and was educated there. He came to
Ray connty, Missouri, in the year 1856, and was engaged for a year, after
his arrival here, in teaming. He was then employed by Thomas Duvall
as overseer for the negro workman on his farm. In this capacity he
remained for another year, and then went back to Virginia, but staying
there only during one winter, he came again to Ray county. Mr. Lillard
was married on the 10th day of December, 1862, to Miss SEliza J.,
daughter of Christopher Allison, Esq., of Ray county. He bought a farm
the same year in sections seven and eight, township fifty-one, range
twenty-eight, and has lived upon it ever since. He afterwards increased
the extent of his first purchase, and now owns three hundred and fifty-
seven acres of fine land in Ray county. He is also engaged, to some
extent, in breeding and dealing in fine stock. Twelve children have been
born to Mr. and Mrs. Lillard, eight of whom are living, named as follows:
John F., born October 11, 1866; Christopher C, born Octcfber 10, 1867;
Hattie Jane, born January 17, 1870; Elizabeth C, born March 30, 1874;
James W., born September 18, 1875; Ludy May, born September 23, 1877;
Robert Lee and Mary Francis, twins, born February 11, 1881; George
W., William R., and two unnamed infants, are dead. Mr. Lillard was
slightly wounded by the terrible cyclone which passed through Richmond
June 1, 1878. He is a member of the order of Patrons of Husbandry and
also of a later organization called the Farmer's Club. Mr. Lillard is a
practical, successful and prosperous farmer. He has made six visits to
his native state since he first came away. In 1876 he made an extended
tour through the east and attended the centennial exposition at the city of
Philadelphia.

WM. A. WHITE.

William Alexander White was born in Amherst county, Virginia, in
the month of May, 1820. He is of English-Irish descent. His father,
Mr. Merritt M. White, removed to Ray county, Missouri, in the year
1837, and settled upon a farm which he had entered, four miles north of
Camden. His father died in 1861, and our subject subsequently bought
the old homestead, but after a while he sold it and bought the place upon
which he now resides, in sections four and nine, of township fifty-one,
range twenty-eight. This farm consists of three hundred and thirty
acres of very fertile and productive soil. Mr. White also owns another

622 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

tract, of one hundred and forty-four acres, in the same township. He
has been a life long farmer, most of the time in Ray county. Wm. A.
White was married in the month of November, 1842, to Miss Ann Eliza
Williams, daughter of Rev. James Williams, a prominent minister of the
Baptist Church, now deceased. Eleven children have been born of this
union: Henry Mc, born September 22, 1843; Mary P., born May 21,
1845; George Merritt, born February 7, 1847; Sarah Elizabeth, born
September 23, 1848; Martha Ellen, born June 13, 1850; Judith
Rosanna, born March 7, 1852; William Andrew, born August 26, 1854;
Eliza Anna, born April 5, 1857; John David, born February 25, 1859;
Rhoda Frances, born April 19, 1861; Lucy Jane, born August 30, 1863.
William A. died September 3, 1856, and Rhoda F. died December 13,
1872. The rest are living, and all married except John D. and Lucy J.
As the offspring of these various marriages, Mr. White has some thirty
or more grandchildren. Both Mr. and Mrs. White have been members
of the regular Baptist Church for more than thirty years. In 1876 Mr.
White made an extended tour of the eastern states, and even went into
Canada. At different times, during this trip, he visited his old friends in
Virginia, the United States centennial exposition, Niagara Falls, and other
places of interest in the east.

THOMAS A. BROWN.

Thomas A. Brown was born in Rutherford county, Tennessee, on the
28th day of April, 1815. His father, Thomas B. Brown, removed to Ray
county, Missouri, when Thomas was but fifteen years old, and the home
of the latter has been in this county ever since. In the year 1835, he
entered a farm in section five, township fifty-one, range twenty-eight, and
at once began to improve it. He increased the size of this place by sub-
sequent purchases, until now it consists of some three hundred acres of
rich and valuable land. He also owns a tract of fifty-five acres on Crooked
river. Mr. Brown was married November 22, 1838, to Miss Patsy Crow-
ley, the daughter of Jeremiah Crowley, Esq., of Ray county. They
became the parents of fifteen children, only seven of whom are living at
this time (April, 1881). Their names follow: William T., Sarah Ann,
Jeremiah, John Franklin, Ellen Catharine, Henry, and Harden Alvin. The
names of those dead are: Elizabeth, Mahala, James Calvin (killed at the
siege of Vicksburg, during the civil war), Nancy Frances, Martha,
Joseph Ashley, Thomas B., and an infant son. Mr. Brown took part in
both the " Mormon war," and the " Heatherlv war." Both himself and
Mrs. Brown are members of the Regular Baptist Church, at New Hope.
They joined the church more than thirty-five years ago.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 623

ELIJAH STOUT.

The subject of this sketch was born in Culpepper county, Virginia,
une 24, 1802. When he was but three years of age, his father, Elijah
Stout, Sr., removed to Shelby county, Kentucky, and there our subject
was educated and grew up. At the age of thirty-four years he came to
Missouri and located in Clay county, where he farmed until the year
1848, and then came to Ray county, Missouri, and bought a farm one
mile west of Richmond, known as the Shotwell place. After living upon
this farm for seven years, he sold it, purchasing the one upon which he now
lives, about five miles southwest of Richmond. He has been all his life
engaged in farming. Mr. Stout was married in the year 1826, to Mrs.
Nancy Cave, of Woodford county, Kentucky. She died in 1844, and he
was again married, to Miss Ann Warder, of Richmond. She, too, died,
in 1868, and he was married the third time. His last wife was Miss Liz-
zie Priest, daughter of Elias Priest, Esq., of Ray county. Mr. Stout
belongs to the Missionary Baptist Church, at Albany. He is now well
advanced in years. By his enterprise and industry he has earned a com-
petency, and surrounded himself, now, in his declining years, with those
material comforts which serve to lengthen out a green old age, and make
the evening of life bright and happv.

JOHN STEVINSON.

John Stevinson is a native of Kentucky. He was born in Clark
county, that state, on the 18th day of May, 1827. Here he received his
education, and lived until he had attained his majority. He was married
in Clark county, on the 24th of August, 1848, to Miss Mary Ann Stone,
daughter of Dudley Stone, Esq., of that county. He purchased a farm
and conducted business upon it until the spring of 1855, when he sold his
farm in Kentucky, and removed to Jackson county, Missouri, and located
near Lee's Summit. Here he resided until the war troubles of 1863
came. At this time General Thomas Ewing issued his famous " order
number eleven," banishing the people from their homes, and our subject
came to Ray county. After renting land for three years, Mr. Stevinson
bought a farm in section six, township fifty-one, range twenty-eight, and
section one, township fifty-one, range twenty-nine, and has lived there
ever since. He has recovered from the losses sustained by the war, and
is now in a very prosperous condition. He gives attention chiefly to
grain raising, and the breeding of fine varieties of live stock. Nine
children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Stevinson, six of whom are
living at the present time (April, 1881), named as follows: Mary Eliza-
beth, Asa, Williamson, James, John, Sarah Mildred. Those dead are:
Margaret Ann, Eliza Catherine, and an infant son. Mrs. Stevinson and
the eldest daughter belong to the Christian Church.

624 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

WILLIS WORLEY.

This gentleman is a native of Jefferson county, Tennessee, and was
born on the 17th of January, 1817. His father, Mr. William Worley, Sr.,
was a large land owner, and an early settler in Tennessee. At the early
age of sixteen years, our subject left home and went to Kentucky.
During the succeeding fourteen years he led a very nomadic life as a
stock drover to the southern markets. In 1849 he went to Illinois, and
farmed for one season, and then returned to Kentucky. He was married
on the 27th day of September, 1849, to Miss Eliza J. Ogg, daughter of
Mr. William Ogg, of Madison county, Kentucky. This estimable lady
was educated in Madison county, Kentucky, and during several years of
her life, was engaged in teaching school there. She was a very efficient,
successful and popular teacher. Soon after his marriage, Mr. Worley
returned to Illinois, and lived there until 1854. In the autumn of that
year he came to Missouri, and, after stopping one winter in Lafayette
county, settled on a farm three miles northeast of Orrick, in Ray county.
In the year 1867 he bought the Wm. Graham farm, adjoining his place,
and now has two hundred and twenty acres of valuable land, all in one
tract. He added greatly to the beauty and value of his place by erect-
ing, in 1868, a large and commodious dwelling house. Mrs. Worley is a
leading member of the Christian Church, at High Point.

L. D. PRIEST.

Luke D. Priest was born in Montgomery county, Kentucky, on the
15th day of May, 1819, and there received his education. After two or
three successive removals to different parts of Kentucky, his father," Mr.
Elias Priest, in 1835, came to Missouri. He spent the winter after his
arrival in Saline county, and the next year came to Ray county and
remained here until his death. Luke D. Priest was married in 1841, to
Miss Sarah J. Goe, daughter of Mr. Noble Goe, of Ray county. After
his marriage he farmed for two or three years near the present town of
Haller, then selling his farm there, he purchased the one on which he now
resides, five miles southwest of Richmond. With the exception of six
years he lived near Todd's chapel, Mr. Priest has occupied his present
place ever since he first bought it. He served eight years as justice of
the peace in Richmond township. In the fall of 1864, he was elected by
the democrats to the office of public administrator of Ray county. At
the expiration of the term, two years, the law having undergone a change,
he was appointed by the probate court to the office for another term.
Thus he filled the office of public administrator for eight consecutive years
and discharged the duties efficiently and to the entire satisfaction of his
constituency. Since he retired from office, he has given his attention
almost exclusively, with the exception of one year he had a brick yard at

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 625

Richmond, to farming. Mr. Priest and wife became the parents of twelve
children, eight of whom are now living: Margaret J., Sarah A., William
D., Charles E., Catlett S., Luke M., Virginia A. and George M. Those
dead are: Mary Elizabeth, Robert D., Armand and an infant son. Mr.
Priest is a prosperous farmer, a good neighbor and a prominent, highly
respected and influential citizen of Ray county.

ELIJAH HAPPY.

Was born in Fayette county, Kentucky, August 2, 1833. He received
his education in the schools of his native county, and at the age of seven-
teen years came with his father to Missouri, and located in Ray county.
Ten years later he operated a saw mill for the space of about four years,
and then, buving land a few miles southwest of Richmond, he began
farming and has continued in that business ever since. Mr. Happy was
married on the 21st day of April, 1853, to Miss Marcella E. Reed,
daughter of Mr. David Reed, of Carroll county, Missouri. Eleven
children were the issue of this union, six of whom are now living, named
as follows: Harvey W., John C, James D., Augustus G., Eddie G. and
Ursula Alice. Following are the names of those that are dead: Mary
C, Fannie L., Virginia A., Elijah S. and George C. Mr. and Mrs.
Happy, with three of their children, are members of the Missionary
Baptist Church. Mr. Happy is, also, a member of the Richmond Lodge
of A. F. & A. M. He owns a fine farm of two hundred acres, in a good
state of cultivation; and is one of the most substantial farmers, and valua-
ble citizens of his neighborhood.

GEORGE M. AUSTIN.

The subject of this sketch was born in Garrard county, Kentucky,
August 1, 1829. He remained in his native county, occupied in farming,
until the year 1856, when he emigrated to Missouri and stopped first for
a few months in Cass county. In the month of February, 1857, he came
to Ray county, and located on a farm, southeast of the city of Richmond,
where he lived until 1865, and then removed to his present place, (section
5, township 50, range 28). He owns one hundred acres of gocd land, one
half of which is in cultivation, with a neat, comfortable residence and
other buildings. Mr. Austin served in the local militia, for six months, in
time of the late civil war. He was married in Cass county, Missouri, in
the month of December, 1856, to Miss Martha S. Bright, a native of Lin-
coln county, Kentucky. They became the parents of nine children, six of
whom are now living: Jefferson, Mary E., Claudia, Katy, Lucy and
Pearl. Mr. Austin and his wife are consistent members of the Christian
Church. He is a well-to-do farmer, and an influential and public spirited
citizen.

626 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

JAMES VANDEVEER.

James Vandeveer is a native of Ray county, Missouri. He was born,
December 28, 1850, and has lived, all his life, in this county. His lather,
.Louis Vandeveer, is a native of Kentucky, and settled in this county in
the year 1839. Mr. Vandeveer has been engaged, since leaving school,
at farming. He owns a fine farm of two hundred acres, half of which is
in cultivation, and well improved and stocked. He is engaged, to a con-
siderable extent, in raising good breeds of live-stock. He also deals in
stock. Mr. Vandeveer was married in this county, February 27, 1873, to
Miss Ann Offutt, a native, also, of Ray county, Missouri. They are the
parents of five children, living: Perry, Cora, Esley, and Charles. Mr.
Vandeveer is a rising and prosperous young farmer and stock-raiser, and a
valuable member of the community.

A. B. REMLEY.

Arthur B. Remley was born in Ray county, Missouri, September 12,
1856. He is the son of Adam and Pulaski H. Remley. His father was a
native of Kentucky. His mother was born in Virginia, and is yet living
in this county. Mr. Remley was married, in this county, April 18, 1880
to Miss Rachel Jackson, a native of Ray county, Missouri. They became
the parents of one child, Arthur R. Mrs. Remley died March 24, 1881,
and her untimely death was deeply mourned by her large circle of rela-
tives and friends. Mr. Remley is engaged in farming and stock-raising,
and has also taught school with good success. He is an intelligent, active,
enterprising young man, and enjoys the confidence and high regard of the
community in which he lives.

WILLIAM ARTMAN.

William Artman was born in Ray county, Missouri, September 26, 1832.
He attended the district schools of his father's neighborhood, and worked
on the homestead farm until he attained his majority, and then went to
Bates county, Missouri, where he was engaged in farming for ten years.
At the expiration of that time, he removed to Moniteau county, Missouri,
and after living there three years, returned to his native county and has
resided here continuously ever since. In 1861, while living in Bates
county, Mr. Artman enlisted in company C, 2d Confederate Missouri vol-
unteers, and was in the battles of Carthage, Wilson's Creek and others
He was discharged in 1862, on account of physical disability for mili-
itary service. Mr. Artman was married in this county, September 16,
1875, to Miss Letitia Vandeveer, a native of Barton county, Missouri.
They have two children: Angeline and Louis. Mr. Artman is a good,
successful farmer, and a respected and valuable citizen.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 627

T. W. GORTON.

Thaddeus W. Gorton was born in Steuben county, New York, April 30,
1834. He received his education and grew to manhood in his native state,
and then in the year 1858, he went to Green Bay, Wisconsin, and, after
remaining there for a time, went to Atchison, Kansas, where he was
engaged during the space of four years, in the lumber business. From
Kansas he went to Idaho territory, and spent about two years prospect-
ing and exploring in the Rocky mountains, at the expiration of which
time he returned to Kansas, and came from there to Ray county, Mis-
souri, in the autumn of 1869, and has resided in this county ever since.
He is now engaged in farming and operating a large saw mill. He
owns 500 acres of excellent land, 200 acres in cultivation and the balance
in pasture and wood lands. He has a good, comfortable residence, and
his farm is well stocked and equipped. Mr. Gorton was married August
19, 1868, to Miss Diana Black, a native of the state of Kentucky. They
are the parents of one child : Charles L. Mr. Gorton devotes some con-
siderable attention to stock raising, and his farm is well adapted to make
that business very successful. He is a valuable member of the community
anda good citizen.

R. B. HALIGAN.

Robert B. Haligan was born in Fayette county, Kentucky, March 11,
1856. His parents, William G. and D. A. Haligan, were also natives of
the state of Kentucky. They removed, when Robert was fourteen years
of age, to Ray county, Missouri, and settled upon the same farm he now
occupies. His father died in 1873, and his mother the year following.
Mr. Haligan was married on the 14th day of June, 1874, in this county,
to Miss Martha Farris, a native of Ray county. They have one child,
Robert P. The subject of this sketch has been engaged in farming and
stock-raising in this county ever since leaving school. He owns a third
interest in his father's homestead, a line farm of three hundred acres of
valuable land, about two hundred acres in a fine state of cultivation and
enclosed by good substantial fences. This farm is improved by a com-
fortable and conveniently arranged dwelling house, a substantial and
roomy barn, and other buildings. It is also supplied with an abundance
of water for the accommodation of stock, and has a thrifty, bearing
orchard. Mr. Haligan is a rising young farmer, and enjoys the confidence
and esteem of all who know him. He is' now serving as justice of the
peace, to which office he was appointed by the county court in March,
1881.

628 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

ANDREW J. RIFFE.

The gentleman whose name heads this article is a native of Casey
county, Kentucky. He is the son of John and Mary Riffe, and was born
on the 6th day of April, 1828. His parents removed to Missouri and set-
tled in Ray county when he was eleven years of age, and he was educated
and grew up in this count)-. In the month of April, 1850, in company
with five other young men from the same vicinity, he 'went, with the hope
of bettering his fortunes, to the gold mines of the far west. After spend-
ing six months in a tedious overland trip, suffering great hardships, and
running the gauntlet of hostile bands of Indians, he and his companions
arrived in California. Mr. Riffe remained in California and other parts
of the west, until July, 1851, and then returned to his home in Ray county.
He owns an excellent farm of two hundred and forty acres, about one
hundred and sixty acres in cultivation, forty acres in pasture, and the
remainder woodland. His farm is under good substantial fences, well
watered and in a fine state of productiveness. It lies conveniently near
good schools, churches and markets. Mr. Riffe was married February
6, 1854, to Miss Angeline Dorton, a native of the state of Kentucky.
They became the parents of eight children, only three of whom are now
living: Charles, Lizzie and Archie. Mr. Rifle and his wife are active
members of the Christian Church. He is a prosperous farmer and a val-
uable and influential citizen.

ETHBERT M. ENDSLEY.

Ethbert M. Endsley was born in Ray county, Missouri, June 18, 1834.
He is the son of John and Hannah Endsley. His father first came to this
county about the year 1819. The subject of this sketch lived on his
father's farm until the spring of 1852, when he went to California, and
engaged there in mining and other pursuits during about five years,
returning to this count)- in 1857. Having been occupied so long (nearly
six months), in going to California overland, he chose the ocean route on
the return trip, sailing from San Francisco to the Isthmus of Panama, and
returning home from there by boat. In 1864, Mr. Endsley went to Salt
Lake City, Utah, and thence to Montana Territory, where he engaged
for about a year in freighting with teams, after which he came back
again to this county, and has lived here ever since. Mr. Endsley owns a
good stock farm of four hundred and eighty-three acres, about ninety
acres of tillable land, and the balance in pasture and woodlands. He is
largely engaged in raising the best breeds of live stock, and pays particu-
lar attention to Short-horn cattle. His farm is handsomely improved, and
well arranged and conducted. It bears a thrifty and prosperous appear-
ance. Mr. Endsley has been twice married. First, December 27, 1857,

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 629

in this county, to Miss Eliza M. Vance, a native of the state of North
Carolina. They became the parents of nine children, seven of whom are
now living, viz: Amanda, Alice B., Ethbert M., John N., Everett, Fanny,
Eliza M. Mrs. Endsley died in the month of June, 1873, and he was
again married, September 15, 1875, to Mariah L. Owens, a native of Ray
county, Missouri. Both Mr. Endsley and his wife are leading members of
the Christian Church. He is also a member of the Masonic fraternity,
of the Grange and of the Farmers' Club. He is a highly esteemed citi-
zen, and a valuable member of the community.

ZAZA D. RALPH.

Zaza D. Ralph is a native of Ray county, Missouri. He was born
November 27, 1830. He received his education and grew up to manhood's
estate in his native county. In 1864, he went to the great west and spent
seven months on the plains, returning again to this county. He was mar-
ried December 24, 1850, to Miss Martha A. Simpson, a native of Virginia,
born February 1, 1836. They became the parents of seven children:
Mary, born December 12, 1851; Jessie B., born July 20, 1854; Ella, born
August 7, 1857; Lucy A., born November 10, 1860; Fanny A., born
March 1, 1864; Zula D., born August 6, 1866; Laura L., born June 5,
1869. Mr. Ralph owns a fine farm of six hundred and forty acres, six
hundred acres enclosed by good fences and about four hundred acres in
cultivation. This farm is handsomely improved and well stocked with
the best breeds of horses, mules, cattle, hogs and sheep. He pays partic-
ular attention to raising fine cattle and has made that branch of his busi-
ness very successful and profitable. He is also engaged in buying and
selling live stock. Mr. Ralph and his wife with their eldest daughter are
members of the Christian Church. He is also a member of the Masonic
fraternity and of the Grange. Mr. Ralph is a prosperous farmer and
stock dealer and influential citizen, and a man highly respected and
esteemed in the community.

RICHARD. W. BATES.

The subject of this sketch was born in Ray county, Missouri, Feb-
ruary 14, 1847. His parents were William and Zerilda Bates. His
father is a native of Virginia, he came from that state to Ray county, in
the year 1835, and is yet living here in his sixty-seventh year. His
mother (Zerilda) was born in the state of Kentucky. Our subject
remained at home, with his parents, working on the farm in summer, and
attending such schools as he could have access to, in the winter, until he
attained his majority. Richard W. Bates was married in the month of
January, 1871, by Rev. Mr. New'land, of the M. E. Church, to Miss
Mary Miller. She lived only about eighteen months after marriage, and

630 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

her early demise was much lamented by a large circle of friends and
relatives. Mr. Bates was again married March 22, 1877, by Rev. J. M.
Wheeler, of the Baptist Church, to Miss P. Gaut, daughter of Joshua R.
and Winnie A. Gaut, natives of the state of North Carolina. She was
born in Ray county, Missouri, March 18, 1846. One child has been born
to Mr. and Mrs. Bates, named, Sallie, date of birth, October 30, 1871.
Mr. Bates owns one hundred and fifty-four acres of good land, one hun-
dred and fifteen acres under cultivation, the rest growing timber of good
quality. He is also engaged, to a considerable extent, in raising and feed-
ing live stock. Mr. Bates is a practical, successful farmer, and a good
citizen.

REV. WILLIAM C. GARRETT.

William C. Garrett was born in Pulaski county, Kentucky, April 23,
1823, and continued to live there, with his parents, until he was fifteen
years of age. The family then emigrated from Kentucky to Jackson
county, Missouri, where they lived during one summer, and then removed
to Buchanan county, Missouri. Mr. Garrett was married on the 20th day
of February, 1840, by Reverend Benjamin Riley, of the Christian Church,
to Miss Milly Kerns, who was born in Russell county, Kentucky, Janu-
ary 13, 1821. Five children have been born to bless this union. Their
names, with dates of birth, follow: James M., born May 25, 1841; John
W., born May 2, 1843; Sarah J., born March 26, 1845; Mary A., born
June 1, 1849; William F., born October 26, 1857. In the year 1845 our
subject moved to Andrew county, Missouri, where he lived three years,
and then went to DeKalb county, Missouri, and remained there until 1854,
when he removed to Henry county, Missouri. From there he went to
Jefferson county, Kansas, and thence, after a time, to Pottawattamie
county, Kansas, where he lived until 1874, and then came to Ray county,
Missouri, where he located permanently, and has since resided. Mr.
Garrett has been an active minister of the Regular Baptist Church for
more than thirty-eight years. In the discharge of his ministerial labors
he has traveled thousands of miles, and often been subjected to great
hardships. Often he was compelled to walk long distances — sometimes
as far as sixty miles — to keep an appointment that had been made for him
to preach. His life has been that of the pioneer preacher, and he has
wrought well and faithfully in the vineyard where the Master assigned
him work. He is a very successful preacher, and is universally respected
and revered by the members of his flock.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 631

DR. H. B. HAMILTON.

Henry B. Hamilton was born in Lincoln county, Kentucky, July 18,
1822. His parents, Thomas and Rachel Hamilton, were also natives of
Kentucky, and immigrated from that state to Ray county, Missouri, when
Henry was about ten years old. After completing the course of study
taught in the schools of his adopted county, our subject returned to Ken-
tucky and entered the medical department of Transylvania University,
and graduated from that institution of learning in 1847. He returned to
Ray county and commenced the practice of his chosen profession, and
has continued it ever since with abundant success. Dr. Hamilton was
married May 8, 1849, to Miss Elizabeth R. Craig, by Rev. John Walker
of the Christian Union Church, in Ray county, Missouri. Mrs. Hamilton
is the daughter of John and Susannah Craig. She was born December
25, 1833. Her father was a native of the state of Pennsylvania, her
mother of North Carolina. Dr. and Mrs. Hamilton became the parents
of two children : Charles L., born October 22, 1858; Claude C, born
April 17, 1866. Dr. Hamilton was engaged in merchandising in company
with J. R. Green, at Hainesvill, in Clinton county, Missouri, from 1853 to
1857. He then occupied and improved a tract of land which he had
entered in Caldwell county, Missouri. This farm he exchanged for a stock
of goods and engaged in merchandising again for about a year, at Kingston,
Caldwell county, and then came to Richmond and engaged in the same
business for the space of one year. He then returned to his farm where he
has ever since lived, occupied in attending to the duties of his large practice.
His son Charles L., graduated from the St. Louis Medical College in the
spring of 1880, and is now associated with his father in the practice of
medicine. Both father and son belong to the allopathic school of medicine.

J. O. KILLGROVE.

James O. Killgrove was born in Carroll county, Arkansas, June 6, 1846.
His parents were John H. and Lucinda C. Killgrove, natives of North
Carolina. Our subject continued to live at home with his parents, until
the commencement of the civil war. He enlisted in company A, second
Arkansas volunteer cavalry, which was assigned to service in Arkansas
and Missouri, against the army of the Confederate General Price. He
was discharged May 17, 1865, at St. Louis. His father had removed to
he Perry county, Illinois, during his term of service in the army, and hither
went, after being discharged, to join the family. After living in Illinois
for three years, he went back to Arkansas, and was there married, in
Johnson county, to Miss Mary A. Barnett, June 9, 1872, by Rev. Mr.
Canada, of the M. E. Church. Mrs. Killgrove was born January 30,
1847. She is the daughter of Josephus and Jane R. Barnett, natives of

632 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

the state of Tennessee. Mr. and Mrs. Killgrove became the parents of
five children: Ellsworth L., born March 16, 1873; T. E., born January
21, 1875; Winona A., born January 28, 1877; Osborne E., born January
28, 1879. Ellsworth died August 19, 1874. In 1873 he immigrated to
the state of Texas, where he lived for more than two years, and then
returned to Ray county, Missouri, and has since lived here. Mr. Kill-
grove owns a neat, nicely improved farm, and is doing a thriving business.
He is highly regarded by all of the community in which he lives, and is a
valuable and influential citizen.

ISSA H. NATION.

Is the son of W. K. and Nancy Nation. He was born in Daviess county,
Missouri, January 31, 1851. His father was a native of Kentucky, and
his mother of Missouri. Our subject left home at the age of nineteen
years, and going to Polk county, Missouri, engaged in herding stock
there, for about eighteen months, and then returned to Daviess county.
Mr. Nation was married February 11, 1877, to Miss Maria McGhee, the
daughter of William and Orlatha McGhee. She was born May 30, 1853.
The issue of this marriage has been three children, two of whom are
now living: Lorenzo, born February 11, 1878; George R., born March
14, 1881. The principal occupation of our subject has always been farm-
ing, though he has engaged at carpentering also, at different times during
life. Both Mr. Nation and his wife are leading members of the Mission-
ary Baptist Church at Rockfall. He is a thrifty, enterprising and suc-
cessful farmer and good citizen.

THOMAS S. VAUGHN.

Is a native of Lincoln county, Kentucky, and was born April, 1822.
His parents were Newman and Precia Vaughn, natives of the state of
North Carolina. When Thomas was fifteen years of age, his parents
moved to Bond county, Illinois, and resided there until 1846, when our
subject returned to Kentucky, and remained there three years, and then
went to California. From that state he traveled for about six years, going
to the Sandwich Islands, in the Pacific Ocean, and to other places of
interest. Returning once more to his native state, he remained there for
a short time, and then removed to Illinois for a time. From Illinois he
came to Ray county, Missouri, and located where he now lives, and pur-
sued the avocation of cabinet- making for about fifteen years. Since that
time he has been engaged in the business of farming. In the month of
April, 1857, Mr. Vaughn was married to Miss Sarah A. McCullum,
daughter of Williamson and Mary J. McCullum, natives of Tennessee.
The marriage ceremony was performed by Reverend Samuel P. Johnson,
of the Christian Church. The result of this union has been five children,

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 633

all but one of whom are living: Laura, born February, 1858 (now the
wife of W. J. Craig); Josie E., born August, 1872; Charlie T., born
February, 1875; John R., born November, 1880. Both Mr. Vaughn and
his wife are members of the Christian Church, and also of the Crab
Orchard Grange, P. of H. Mr. Vaughn owns a fine fertile farm, well
improved, and in a good state of cultivation. He is a valuable citizen,
and is held in universal respect and esteem by his neighbors.

LILBURN C. HARRIS.

This gentleman was born in East Tennessee on the 20th day of Novem-
ber, 1830. When he was only two years old, his parents, James and Jane
Harris, also natives of Tennessee, immigrated with him to Howard county,
Missouri, and after a short time spent there, to Ray county, where the
family located permanently, on the farm where our subject now resides.
His father died when Lilburn was but fourteen years old, and the care
and support of the family devolved, in a large measure, upon him. The
family consisted of eight persons, and young Lilburn's duties at home
were too arduous to allow him much time for attending school, and his
education was, in consequence, somewhat limited. At the age of twenty
years, Mr. Harris was married, in February, 1850, to Miss Mary Clark,
by John E. Wells, justice of the peace. After his marriage he was
engaged at farming until the outbreaking of the civil war. In 1862 he
was enrolled in the militia and served until 1864, when he enlisted in com-
pany B, 44th Missouri regiment of volunteer infantry. He participated
in the battles of Duck River, Springhills, Franklin, Nashville, Cedar
Point, and Spanish Fort. He was discharged August 15, 1865, and imme-
mediately returned home to his family. His wife died in August, 1866,
leaving him with seven young children. He was again married, April 10,
1867, by Judge McKissack, of Ray county, to Miss Salina J. Veach. She
too, died, after becoming the mother of two children, June 29, 1869, and
Mr. Harris was married the third time, November 20, 1880, to Miss
Margaret A. Clark, sister of his first wife. This ceremony was per-
formed by William Brown, justice of the peace. The third Mrs. Harris
was born March 30, 1832. She is the daughter of R. and Nancy Clark.
Her father was a native of Kentucky, and her mother of North Carolina.
Ten children have been born to Mr. Harris by his different marriages,
seven of whom are now living and three dead. Their names with dates
of birth are as follows: Sarah E., born July 6, 1851; Elijah J., born
November 4, 1852; Margaret, born February 21, 1856; Marcus L., born
July 7, 1861; Nancy E., born August 14, 1864;.Benuretta, born December
30, 1867; Willemetta, born May 30, 1869; Hannah A., born January 13,
1858, died January 19, 1872; Julia F., born September 30, 1854, died, May,
40

634 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

1873; Georgia A., born May 5, 1859, died July 19, 1872. Mrs. Harris is
a member of the Missionary Baptist Church. James Harris, father of our
subject, was born January 17, 1804, and died September 25, 1844. His
mother (Jane), was born August 4, 1810, and died in the month of Feb-
ruary, 1878.

JUDGE WILLIAM McKISSACK.

William McKissack was born in Cocke county, Tennessee, September
1, 1812. His parents removed when he was only seven years old to Mis-
souri, and, locating first in Saline county, lived there for three years, and
then came to Ray county, and settled upon the same place where Judge
McKissack now lives. Our subject was educated in the schools of this
county, and remained at home with his parents until nineteen years of
age, and then commenced farming on his own account. In the month of
December, 1832, William McKissack was married to Miss Rachel Odell,
by Elder Turnadge, of Ray county. Mrs. McKissack is the daughter of
Isaac and Nancy Odell, natives of Tennessee. She was born in the
month of December, 1815, in the state of Indiana, whither her parents
had removed. Ten children have been born to Judge and Mrs. McKis-
sack, only four of whom are now living. John enlisted in company B,
44th Missouri volunteers, and died at New Orleans April 11, 1865, and
was buried there. Simon enlisted in the 3d regiment of Missouri cav-
alry, in which he was orderly sergeant, and was killed June 8, 1862, at
the battle of Springfield. His remains were brought home and interred
in the Odell cemetery. Sarah, who married George P. Clevinger, is now
deceased. Isaac is also dead. James enlisted in company B, 44th regi-
ment Missouri volunteer infantr}-, and was killed in the engagement at
Franklin, Tennessee, and buried on the battle-field. Martha married
James Woods, and is now living near her father's home. William is mar-
ried, and lives in Vernon county, Missouri. Mary Ann married John
Connerford, and now lives in Kansas. Moses is unmarried, and still at
home with his parents. Two children, unnamed, died in infancy. Wil-
liam McKissack was judge of the county court of this county for ten
years. He has also served as justice of the peace for a number of years.
He and Mrs. McKissack are leading members of the Missionary Baptist
Church. Judge McKissack is one of the oldest, most highly respected,
prominent and influential citizens of Ray county.

J. D. ROWLAND.

Jesse D. Rowland is the son of D. and Rachel Rowland, and was born
in the territory of Indiana, September 6, 1816. While an infant his
parents removed with him to Missouri, and located in Saline county,
where they lived for three years, and then came to Ray county and set-

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 635

tied on a farm (section three, township fifty-two, range twenty-nine), where
our subject resided until his marriage. He was married March 1, 1839,
to Miss Mary P. Lyman, by Hiram Warner, of the Christian Church.
Mrs. Rowland is the daughter of Asa and Sarah Lyman, natives of the
state of New Hampshire, who immigrated to Missouri in the year 1840.
She '*vas born February 7, 1818. The issue of this union was twelve
children, three of whom are now dead. Their names and dates of birth
follow, viz: Lyman H., born October 2, 1841; Rhoda, born March 3,
1843; George R., born January 16, 1845; Willard J., born December 18,
1846; Clarissa J., born January 24, 1849; Mary E., born November 25,
1851; Jesse D., born October 2, 1852; Rachel, born October 17, 1854;
Asa D., born July 7, 1860; Maria L., born April 10, 1840, and died in
1869; Milly M., born May 12, 1857, died May, 1876; Thomas E., born
April 28, 1859, died August 23, 1860. Mr. and Mrs. Rowland united
with the old school Baptist Church in the year 1838 and he is, also, a
member of the Albany Grange, P. of H. Mr. Rowland has been a life-
long farmer and now owns an excellent farm, well improved and stocked
with good breeds of live stock. His business is very prosperous and he
enjoys the confidence and respect of all who know him.

FRANKLIN J. ROSS.

The subject of this sketch was born in Casey county, Kentucky, May
17, 1831. His parents were Matthias and Adaline Ross. His father was
born in Duchess county, New York, and his mother in Lincoln county,
Kentucky. In the year 1833, his parents removed to Illinois, and after
living in that state for ten years, to Ray county, Missouri, and settled near
where the village of Albany now stands. Our subject remained at home
and engaged in working on the farm until he was eighteen years of age,
and then went out into the world to fight the battle of life for himself.
He began at first laboring for wages upon the farms of his neighbors and
continued working in this way until 1850, when he went to California and
engaged there in mining for about eighteen months with fair success.
He returned home by water via the Panama route. Franklin J. Ross
was married March 20, 1855, to Miss Hannah Riffe. Two daughters
were born of this union. Mrs. Ross died June 4, 1864, and Mr. Ross was
again married October 9, 1866, to Miss Amanda Brosher. They became
the parents of one daughter; and, after living about five years after her
marriage the second Mrs. Ross, also died January 27, 1872. Our subject
was married the third time, June 1, 1874, to Miss Alice Roselle. Mr.
Ross was principally engaged in farming until 1870, when he began mer-
chandising at the town of Orrick and has since continued in that business,
very successfully, at the same place. He has three daughters. Mary J.,
was married to Mr. William Richie and is now living in Utah Territory.

636 HISTORY OF RAY COUNT V.

Laura died March 16, 1881. The youngest, Amanda, born March 16,
1871, is living at home with her parents. Mr. Ross is a popular, pros-
perous business man and a valuable citizen.

HENRY C. PERDUE.

Henry C. Perdue was born in Buckingham county, Virginia, October
12, 1836, and is the son of Josiah and Virginia Perdue, natives of the
same state. The family emigrated to Missouri in the year 1845, and set-
tled on a farm in Ray county. His father died in 1859, and our subject,
in consequence, received only limited advantages for acquiring an educa-
tion. Mr. Perdue was married on the 1st day of June, 1861, to Miss
Mary E. Ballard, daughter of W. H. and Jane Ballard, natives of Albe-
marle county, Virginia. Five children, now living, were born to Mr. and
Mrs. Perdue. Their names, with dates of birth, are the following:
Henry D., born March 3, 1863; Minnie, born February 27, 1865; Mary
E., born December 12, 1868; Emmett, born August 3,1873; Melvin,born
July 28, 1877. Mrs. Perdue died April 26, 1879. She was a very esti-
mable lady, greatly beloved by her friends, and her death was deeply
mourned by her bereaved husband and family. Prior to the year 1861,
Mr. Perdue was engaged almost exclusively in farming. At the com-
mencement of the war between the states, he joined his fortunes with the
cause of the south, and enlisted in company A, commanded by Captain
(afterward Lieutenant-Colonel) Reeves. He participated in the battles of
Carthage and Wilson's Creek, besides other skirmishes. At the last
named fight he received a wound, which disabled him, and he was absent,
in consequence, from the command until Christmas, following the date of
the battle. He was discharged at Springfield, Missouri, in January, 1862,
and returned home to this county, where he was soon after taken by the
Federal authorities, and thrown into prison at Lexington, from which he
was subsequently paroled. Mr. Perdue is now engaged in business in
company with Mr. M. S. Laforgee, at Orrick, in this county, under the
firm name of Perdue & Laforgee, druggists.

M. S. LEFORGEE.

Milton S. Leforgee was born in Fleming county, Kentucky, October
2, 1840. His parents were Nathan and Mary Leforgee, natives of the
state of Kentucky. He received his education in his native county, and
remained there at home with his parents, until outbreaking of the civil
war. Then he joined the Confederate army, and fought bravely through-
out the entire war, in defense of the cause he honestly believed to be just,
and in the interest of the sunny land he loved so well. In company C,
second (Kentucky) battalion of mounted rifles, he participated in the fol-
lowing battles: Louisa, (Kentucky) Chicamauga, McMinville, Anderson's

HISTORV OF RAY COUNTY. 637

Cross Roads, Cove Gap, King's Salt Works, Cleveland, (Tennessee,)
Charleston, (Tennessee) Mt. Sterling, (Kentucky) Smithville, besides
numerous skirmishes. He was discharged May 3, 1865, and at once
returned to his home in Kentucky. He emigrated to Missouri, in 1869,
and settled in Ray county. He is now engaged in partnership with Mr.
H. C. Perdue, in the drug business, at the town of Orrick. Messrs.
Perdue and Leforgee, are thrifty, enterprising, popular and successful
business men.

D. A. RHODES.

Dennis A. Rhodes was born in Franklin county, Pennsylvania, June 13,
1847. His parents were William P. and Henrietta S. Rhodes. His father
was born in Montgomery county, Maryland, and his mother in Accomac
county, Virginia. In the year 1857, when our subject was ten years of
age, the family removed to Hagerstown, Maryland. Here, Dennis was
educated at the Academy in that place, an excellent institution. After
living at Hagerstown for ten years, he emigrated to Ray county, Missouri,
and settled at Orrick. He engaged as clerk with J. G. Brown, a mer-
chant of that place, and continued in the duties of that position for two
years and a half, and then went to Richmond, Virginia, and spent three
months with his brother, who was doing business in that city. At the
end of that time his brother sold his property in the city of Richmond and
came with our subject to Orrick (this county), where they, in partnership,
opened a general merchandise store, and conducted it together, for one
year. Then, his brother removed to Camden, Ray county, and Dennis
Rhodes continued the business alone. He was married, September 3,
1877, to Miss Isabella Rothwick, daughter of William and Matilda Roth-
wick. She was born in Center county, Pennsylvania, in March, 1853.
They are the parents of two children: Mareb A., born, March 8, 1879;
Matilda R., born, May 20, 1880. In addition to his general merchandise
business, Mr. Rhodes is also conducting a large hardware store. He
carries stock to the amount of $7,000.00, and also owns the lots upon
which his stores are situated. He has a comfortable and conveniently
appointed home, and is in a very prosperous condition. He is a leading
member of Albany lodge, No. 444, A. F. & A. M.

GEORGE W. MITCHELL.

The young gentleman whose name heads this sketch was born in Mason
county, Kentucky, November 1Q, 1852. His parents were George W.
and Minerva Mitchell, also natives of the state of Kentucky. The family
emigrated to Ray county, Missouri, in the year 1859, and located on a
farm in the vicinity of the town of Orrick. In the acquisition of an educa-
tion, our subject was afforded only such advantages as the common schools

638 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

of the neighborhood possessed. After leaving school young Mitchell
engaged in various avocations until two years ago, when he entered the
hardware and agricultural implement trade at Orrick, in which business he
has been engaged with good success ever since. He is an accommodat-
ing, popular and rising merchant, and although young in years, is pos-
sessed of good, practical judgment, and a degree of business acumen sel-
dom seen in men of more mature years. He can not fail of abundant suc-
cess in the future.

ELIJAH B. BAILEY.

Elijah B. Bailey was born in Casey county, Kentucky, September 27,
1829. He is the son of Samuel and Rebecca Bailey. His father was
born in Lincoln county, Kentucky; his mother, in Nelson county, Virginia.
Mr. Bailey received his education, and grew up in his native state. He
learned the trade of a saddler and harness-maker, in the town of Danville,
Kentucky, and in the year 1853, emigrated to Missouri, and, finally,
located at Orrick, in Ray county, and has ever since lived there. Mr.
Bailey was first married, August 12, 1855, to Miss Miriam T. Stanley, the
daughter of Larkin and Elizabeth Stanley, natives of the state of North
Carolina. Mrs. Bailey died in January, 1861, and Mr. Bailey was again
married, in September, of that year, to Mrs. Betty S. Ross, daughter of
Thomas and Nancy Anderson, natives of Tennessee. The second Mrs.
Bailey lived twelve years after her marriage, dying December 18, 1873.
Mr. Bailey was married the third time, September 17, 1874, to Mrs. Eliza-
beth Good, daughter of William and Sallie Roberts, natives of Adair
county, Kentucky. Mr. Bailey has seven children living, and two dead.
Their names, with dates of births and deaths, follow: George L., born
June 18, 1860; Edmond S., born December 22, 1862; William T., born
February 6, 1865; Kate L., born February 10, 1868; Bettie B., born
March 25, 1871; Lucetta G., born December 9, 1873; Dora, born Sep-
tember 4, 1876; Benjamin F., died in 1876, and Jennie in 1879. In the
year 1869 Mr. Bailey made a visit to Kentucky, and spent two years in
that state. He is now engaged in the saddle and harness manufacturing
business at Orrick. He commands a large patronage, and is an excellent
workman.

W. R. ERWIN.

William R. Erwin was born in Oneida county, New York, on the 5th
day of February, 1847. At the early age of fourteen years, he enlisted in
company K, 146th New York regiment of Zouave volunteers, as a pri-
vate, and was engaged in the battles of Fredricksburg, Chancellorsville,
second Bull Run, Culpepper C. H., Gettysburg, Wilderness, Spottsyl-
vania C. H., Fort Wagoner, Cold Harbor, Fort Fisher, and numerous

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 639

skirmishes. He was discharged in the month of June, 1865, at Raleigh,
North Carolina, and returned to his home in the state of New York.
Soon after, he went to Montana Territory, and engaged as clerk in a
store there, for two years. He then went to the state of Texas, and, after
staying there for a short time, to Colorado. From there he came to
Kansas City, Missouri, in the year 1870, and the same year he went to
Indian Territory, where he remained for two years, and then, returning
to Missouri, located at the town of Orrick, in this county, where he has
since resided. Mr. Erwin was married, in the month of February, 1877,
to Miss Sarah E. Sheppard, daughter of David and Mariah Sheppard,
natives of the state of Kentucky. Mr. and Mrs. Erwin have one child,
Lawrence, born April 14, 1879. Mr. Erwin is now dealing in groceries
and provisions, at Orrick, and commands a good patronage.

N. B. PIGG.

The subject of this sketch is a native of Ray county, Missouri, and was
born January 12, 1847. His parents were W. J. and Julia A. Pigg. His
father was born in the state of Kentucky. N. B. Pigg was educated
in the schools of this county, and lived with his parents, working on the
farm until he was twenty-five years of age. He was married, December
25, 1874, to Miss Mary Embree, daughter of Benjamin and S. E. Embree,
natives of the state of Kentucky. She was born July 4, 1854. From 1870
to 1873, Mr. Pigg clerked in the dry goods store of E. T. Dardon. His
father then bought an interest in the store, and our subject was employed
to conduct it one year longer. At the expiration of that time he returned
to the farm, and was engaged in farming during about six years. He
then engaged in the general merchandise and agricultural trade at Orrick,
and is still successfully conducting that business. Mr. and Mrs. Pigg
have one child Alice, born November 17, 1875. Mr. Pigg is a member of
Ada Lodge, No. 444, A. F. and A. M. He is a staunch business man, and
a highly respected and valuable citizen of the town of Orrick.

WILLIAM A. WELLS.

This gentlemen was born in Ray county, Missouri, July 24, 1843. He
is the son of John and Sarah Wells. His father was born in North Car-
olina and his mother in Tennessee. Our subject attended the schools of
this county in his youth, and worked on his father's farm until he was
twenty-eight years of age, and then clerked in a store for four years, at the
end of which time he opened a family grocery store on his own account,
and conducted it for three years. He then returned to farming for about
a year, and then served as constable, to which office he had been elected,
for two years. He then returned to mechandising, at Orrick, and is yet
so engaged. Mr. Wells was married January 16, 1873, to Miss Cor-

640 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

nelia B. Sheppard, daughter of D. B. and Minerva Sheppard, natives of
the state of Kentucky. Mr. and Mrs. Wells have adopted Anna, daugh-
ter of Andrew J. and Lorena Wells.

ELLA S. DORTON.

The subject of this sketch was born in Knox county, Kentucky, April
6, 1837. Her parents were James B. and Sallie B. Dorton. Her father
was a native of Virginia, and her mother of the state of Kentuckv. The
family came to this county when our subject was twelve years of age, and
settled upon a farm, (section twenty-three, township fifty-one, range
twenty-nine), where Orrick is now situated. Schools were few and far
apart in those days, and such as were accessible to Miss Dorton, did not
come up to the standard of excellence since established in the county, but
she made the most of her advantages, and her naturally strong and vigorous
mind, supplied by close and diligent application, the inefficiency of teach-
ers, and the want of better books and more modern " aids to education."
Having exhausted the course in the schools of her father's neighborhood,
and carefully studied such books as came within her reach, she began to
teach, in the district schools, for the laudable purpose of securing means
sufficient to defray the expenses of higher education. She taught school
for two years in the district where she now resides, and then entered the
Catholic school of the Sacred Heart, an excellent institution, at St.
Joseph, Missouri. After she had attended this school for two years, her
further education was interrupted and permanently broken off, by the
death of her father, which occurred April 30, 1863. She left the school
of the Sacred Heart, and entered upon the honorable profession of teach-
ing as her life work, and she has ever since battled nobly in the cause of
popular education. She has met with very flattering success in the
school room, and her services are much sought after. Miss Dorton
inherited, and now owns a portion of her father's homestead.

R. H. McWHORTER.

Richard H. McWhorter is a native of Adair county, Kentucky, and
was born September 7, 1844. He received his education and remained at
home on a farm until eighteen years of age, and then enlisted in company
C, 13th regiment of Kentucky cavalry, commanded by Col. J. W. Weth-
erfold, army of the Cumberland. He participated in the battles of King's
saltworks, Virginia; Perry ville, Kentucky, and Lebanon, Tennessee,
besides many skirmishes. He was discharged January 10, 1865, at Camp
Nelson, Kentucky, and went home to Adair county and engaged in farm-
ing for about five years. He then went, for a time, to Collin county,
Texas, whence he came to Ra}r county, Missouri. Mr. McWhorter was
married August 13, 1871, to Miss Laura Brasher, daughter of A. D. and

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 641

Elizabeth Brasher. She was born in Ray county, Missouri, January 27,
1851. The issue of this union was two children: Elizabeth S., born
December 2, 1873; Charles A., born March 9, 1875. Our subject is the
son of R. W. and Elizabeth McWhorter, natives of the state of Kentucky.
He is a member of Ada Lodge No. 444, A. F. & A. M.

D. B. SHEPARD.

David B. Shepard was born in Fleming county, Kentucky, March 13,
1832. He is the son of Robert and Lydia Shepard, also natives of the
state of Kentucky. He lived in his native state until the year 1865, and
then immigrated to Marion county, Indiana. After remaining there for
about three years he came to Ray county, Missouri, and has ever since
resided here. Mr. Shepard was married December 9, 1853, to Miss
Minerva Todd, daughter of John and Mary Todd. Her father was a
native of Ireland, and her mother of the state of Kentucky. Mrs. Shep-
hard was born in 1834, in Kentucky. Our subject was reared on a farm
and continued in the business of farming until 1860, when he began keep-
ing hotel, etc. At the commencement of the civil war he enlisted in com-
pany C, second Kentucky mounted rifles, and engaged in the battles of
Louisa, Kentucky, Cove Gap, Chicamauga, McMinville, and Anderson's
Cross Roads, where he was captured and imprisoned at Camp Morton,
for nineteen months. He was finally released from prison and returned to
his family. He lost all his property by the war. Mr. and Mrs. Shepard
have four children living, one dead: Lydia, Cordelia B., Mary F., Sallie.
and Martha dead. Mr. Shepard was mayor of the town or Orrick for
three years, and is at present a member of the city council of that town.

M. G. TAYLOR.

M. G. Taylor is a native of Ray county, Missouri, born September 28,
1838. He is the son of Daniel and Hannah Taylor. His father was born
in the month of September, 1802, in Halifax county, Virginia. His mother
was born in Missouri. Our subject was reared on a farm and continued
living and working at home until he was twenty-four years of age and
then went to learn the business of milling in the Albany mills. Mr. Tay-
lor was married March IS, 1873, to Miss Mary Brasher, daughter of A.
D. and Elizabeth Brasher. She was born in the year 1842, in Ray county,
Missouri. The issue of this marriage was the following children: Ollie,
born January 12, 1864: Alice, born April 11, 1866; Lucy, born December
1,1869; Lena, born February 9, 1873; Edna, born February — , 1876;
Maud, born December 11, 1874, died in February, 1875; Herbert, born
May 25, 1878. Mr. Taylor is a member of Ada Lodge, No. 444, A. F.
& A. M., and also a member of the Christian Church. He is, also, in

642 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

addition to his milling business, conducting a general merchandise and
hardware store, at Albany. His business is in a highly prosperous con-
dition and Mr. Taylor is universally popular with his large circle of friends,
respected and esteemed by the community at large.

T. A. ROTHROCK.

Thomas A. Rothrock was born in the city of New York, July 2, 1855.
His parents were Alexander and Ellen Rothrock. His father was a
native of New York and his mother of the state of Pennsylvania. The
family immigrated from New York to Ray county, Missouri, when
Thomas was only five years old. He was educated in this county, and
after leaving school, engaged in clerking for different stores for a number
of years. Mr. Rothrock was married November 22, 1874, to Miss
Florence Wall, daughter of Van and Margaret Wall. Her father was
born in Ray county and her mother in Boone county, Missouri. She was
born July 22, 1857, in this county. Mr. and Mrs. Rothrock have three
children: Bessie, born April 9, 1875; Clardie, born November 18, 1876;
Ernest, born April 26, 1880. Alexander Rothrock, father of our subject,
was born November 12, 1815, and died February 3, 1881, at Albany.
Thomas A. Rothrock is conducting a drug and grocerv store at Albany.
He commands a good trade and is doing well.

EDWARD T. DORTON.

Is a native of Russell county, Virginia, and was born on the 3d day of
August, 1830. His parents were Joseph and Martha Dorton, natives of
Virginia. His father was born July 19, 1795; died July 20, 1870. His
mother was born April 15, 1807, and died February 12, 1871. Our sub-
ject finished his education at Emery and Henry College, and then began
teaching school. In the year 1852 he came to Missouri, first living four
years in Calloway county, and then settling permanently in Ray county.
June 17, 1861, Mr. Dorton enlisted in company A, loth Arkansas volun-
teer infantry, and participated in the battles of Pea Ridge and Wilson's
Creek. At the latter fight he was captured bv the enemy, and taken to
Camp Douglass at Chicago; was afterward exchanged at Jackson, Miss-
issippi. He was again taken prisoner at Walnut Grove, Arkansas, but
was fortunate in escaping from his captors. He was paroled, April 12,
1865, at Pea Ridge, and went to Illinois, where he remained about ten
months, and then came back to Ray county, where he has lived ever
since. Mr. Dorton was married April 16, 1867, to Miss Pauline Dorton,
daughter of James B. and Sallie Dorton. She was born May 15, 1849, in
Knox county, Kentucky. The issue of this marriage has been one child:
Clementina, born November 8, 1868. Soon after his marriage Mr. Dor-

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 643

ton opened a general merchandise store at Albany, and continued the
business there for one year, and then moved to Sibley, Jackson county,
and, after keeping store in that place for about twelve months, removed
to Orrick, Ray county, and has ever since conducted the business with
good success and prosperity there. Mr. Dorton is' a member of Ada
Lodge, No. 344, A. F. & A. M., at Albany.

WILLIAM N. KIRKHAM.

Was born in Montgomery county, Missouri, November 1, 1847. He is
the son of David and Ann Kirkham, natives of the state of Virginia. His
father was born in the month of February, 1820, and died May 8, 1873
Our subject was engaged at work for his father, who was a manufacturer
of tobacco, until he attained his majority. Mr. Kirkham was married
December 22, 1869, to Miss Susan A. Gooch, daughter of Alexander and
Nancy Gooch, natives of the state of Kentucky. She was born October
2, 1852. Mr. and Mrs. Kirkham are the parents of three children living,
and two dead. Their names and dates of birth are as follows: Emma,
born January 5, 1875; Archie, born January 18, 1877; Maggie, born
January 9, 1879; Charles A., born December 29, 1870, died March 31,
1872, and one other, an infant, died in 1873. After his marriage, Mr.
Kirkham resided, for a time, on a farm north of the town of Albany, then
removed to one in section 31, township 28, range 51, and in the year 1880,
came to his present location, section 36, township 51, range 29. Here he
owns 150 acres of very rich and productive land, well improved and cul-
tivated, with a neat, comfortable residence and good orchard. Mr. Kirk-
ham is a thrifty, industrious and successful farmer and stock raiser, and a
vaiuable adjunct to the community in which he resides.

$. H. DEGRAFFENREID.

Stephen H. DegrafTenreid was born in Jasper county, Missouri, April
8, 1848. He is the son of Vincent and Lucretia DegrafTenreid, natives
of Pennsylvania. His parents died when he was but three years old, and
he was reared by his grandmother. At the age of nineteen years he left
home, and began battling alone for a livelihood. He worked at various
occupations until the commencement of the civil war, and then enlisted,
September, 1863, in company C, 2d Ohio cavalry, and was assigned to
the department of the west. He participated in the battle at Sugar
Creek, and a great number of skirmishes besides. He was discharged
in October, 1865, at Leavenworth, Kansas, and went, for a short time to
the territory of New Mexico. From there he went to Colorado, and to
Kansas, returning thence to Ray county, Missouri, where he has since
resided. Mr. DegrafTenreid was married on the 17th day of March,
1878, to Mrs. Angeline Tucker, daughter of Thomas and Margaret

644 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

McMullen, natives of Virginia, now deceased. He owns ninety-six
acres of choice bottom land in an excellent state of cultivation, well
improved, with neat, comfortable, and convenient buildings, good fences,
orchard, etc. Mr. Degraffenreid is a member of Ada lodge, No. 444, at
Albany. He is a successful farmer and a good citizen.

ANDERSON D. LOYD.

Anderson D. Loyd is a native of Ray county, Missouri. He was born
March 22, 1851. His parents were Henry and Nancy Loyd, natives of
Tennessee. Our subject received the advantages of a common school
education, and spent the time until he was grown, on the farm of his
father. Mr. Loyd was married August 24, 1871, to Miss Milly Conyers,
daughter of D. and Louisa Conyers. She was born December 15, 1849,
in Ray county, Missouri. Her father was a native of Kentucky, and her
mother of Virginia. Mr. and Mrs. Loyd have four children: Buford
A., born February 3, 1^73; Bertie, born March 21, 1874; Richard, born
February 8, 1876; Emma J., born January 19, 1878. Mr. Loyd owns
and occupies the old homestead that was settled by his father. The
place comprises one hundred and fifty-five acres of land, which, for fer-
tility and productiveness, is unexcelled, perhaps, by any in the county.
Mr. Loyd is a prosperous and successful farmer, and a well respected
and esteemed member of the community.

ABRAHAM ALLEN.'

Abraham Allen was born in Ray county, Missouri, September 4, 1827.
He is the son of Reuben and Rhoda Allen, natives of the state of Tennes-
see. Our subject attended the subscription schools of his father's neigh-
borhood, in the winter, and in the summer worked on the farm. In this
wav he was enabled to obtain a fair common school education. In the
year 1849, he left his father's farm and went as a teamster in a govern-
ment wagon train, to New Mexico, spending about ninety days on the
route to Santa Fe. After spending more than two years in the employ of
the government, he was discharged from the wagon train, and was soon
after employed by Quartermaster Reynolds, for some months, at Santa
Fe. He was, subsequently, in the employ of Quartermaster Sibley, at
Fort Union. Again an order was issued to discharge all citizen teamsters,
and Mr. Allen went, for a short time, to the placer gold-diggings. Soon
after, he enlisted in companv H, 2d U. S. dragoons, commanded by
Lieutenant Johnson, and was assigned to the ninth department of New
Mexico, where he was frequently engaged in skirmishes with the Indians,
and was several times slightly wounded. At the battle of the mines on
Gila river, he received a shot through the chin and mouth, which carried

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 645

away a part of his tongue, and passed out at the base of the ear. This
wound disabled Mr. Allen, and he was kept under medical treatment
until July, 1856, and then came home, after an absence of seven years.
Mr. Allen was married, September 4, 1859, to Miss Martha Tucker,
daughter of John W. and Nancy Tucker, natives of Virginia. She was
born March 17, 1837, in Benton county, Missouri. The issue of this
union has been four children, living: Elizabeth J., born December 13,
1864; Jessie T., born August 27, 1867; John W., born June 29, 1870;
Katie S., born November 9, 1872. Mr. Allen was elected to the office of
township constable, in 1860, and very efficiently discharged the duties of that
position. At the commencement of the war of the rebellion, Mr. Allen
raised a company of men, and served in the home guard from October 1,
till Christmas, 1861. In February, 1862, he and his company were
mustered into the Missouri state militia service, with headquarters at
Richmond, Missouri. He participated in the battle of Springfield, Mis-
souri, and commanded two companies there. After the war, Mr. Allen
went to Texas, and lived there for two years, returning to Ray county,
Missouri, in the month of August, 1868. In January he was appointed
by the county court, to fill the unexpired term of Constable Burnett (who
was accidentally killed, and has since been deputy constable under James
Ralph. Mr. Allen has had a varied experience in life, and has always
been an active, energetic man.

JOHN H. FRAZER.

John H. Frazer was born in Forsythe county, North Carolina, October
20, 1827. His parents were Jacob and Elizabeth Frazer, natives of
Forsythe county, North Carolina. Our subject remained at home occu-
pied with duties on his father's farm until his marriage. He was married,
July 26, 1847, to Miss Jelina Studdard, daughter of James W. and Nancy
Studdard, also natives of Forsythe county, North Carolina. Mrs. Frazer
was born, July 27, 1831. Mr. Frazer and wife have ten living children;
their names, with dates of birth, ace as follows: Romulus G., born in
North Carolina, June 2, 1848, now married and living in Ray county;
Eliza A. C, born September 24, 1850, married to J. C. Ross and living at
Orrick, in this county; Fatha M., born 'April 26, 1852, married to David
Messenger, and living in Louisville, Kentucky; Maria JL., born Septem-
ber 12, 1859, (married Thomas Brown, who died in 1880), now living in
widowhood, at Orrick; Martin L., born January 19, 1856, married and
living near his father's place; Joel B., born December 2, 1858, married
and living near his father; John P., born March 6, 1862, living in the
southern part of Missouri; Francis B., born May 9, 1864, died August 16,
1865; Hiram W., born July 30, 1866, died August 4, 1867; Stonewall,
born June 12, 1868; Jelina E., born March 7, 1872; Jacob S., born March

646 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

7, 1877. Mr. Frazer came to Ray county, Missouri, in the year 1849, and
settled upon a farm in township 51, range 29. He lived here and con-
tinued the business of farming, (except during the war) until 1873, when
he removed to the town of Albany and engaged in gardening for market.
At the beginning of the civil war, he enlisted in the Confederate army,
company B., under Captain Parker, and participated in the battles of
Sugar Creek, Pea Ridge, Iuka, Corinth, Grand Gulf and Farmington.
He was discharged at Laurel Dale Springs, June 12, 1863, and reached
home on the 19th of July following.

W. R. BLYTHE.

William R. Blythe was born on the 18th day of January, 1803. At the
age of twenty years he came to Ray county, Missouri, and after staying
here for a time, went back to Tennessee, where he had been reared. In
the year 1826 he came again to Ray county, and entering a part of the
homestead upon which he now resides, settled here permanently. He has
since entered and bought other lands, and now possesses in all, about thirteen
hundred acres of excellent land. His homestead is well improved with a
handsome and convenient residence, good substantial barns, sheds and
other buildings, well watered and enclosed by good fences and stocked
with fine breeds of horses, cattle, hogs and sheep. Mr. Blythe was first
married in 1830, to Miss Didama Fletcher, daughter of David and Rebecca
Fletcher, of Indiana. She was born June 9, 1811. They became the par-
ents of five children, only two of whom are now living: Thomas, born
November 30,* 1836; married and living upon the farm his father first
entered; Rebecca J., born in March, 1832, married C. W. Stokes, and is
living near her father. Mrs. Blythe died November 3, 1845, and January
5, 1848, Mr. Blythe was married to Miss Leanah Rifle, daughter of John
and Polly A. Rifle, natives of the state of Kentucky. Mrs. Blythe was
born in Casey county, Kentucky, in February, 1823. The issue of this
marriage was nine children : John L., born July 29, 1849; married and
living on a farm, section fifteen, township fifty-one, range twenty-nine;
James W., born September 1, 1850; killed by a runaway team, April 14,
1880; infant, born in September and died in October, 1853; Elizabeth A.,
born October 10, 1854; married G. R. Kirkham, and is living on a farm,
section fourteen, township fifty-one, range twenty-nine; Robert D., born
June 2, 1857; Franklin R., born September 1, 1859, and died August 8,
1860; Sarah E., born May 16, 1863; Martha H., born December 8, 1865;
Laura, born April 25, 1869. Our subject was first lieutenant of Captain
Clark's company in the Black Hawk war. Mr. Blythe represented Ray
county in the general assembly from 1840 to 1842, and was state senator
from 1842 to 1846. He discharged the duties of these high offices with
credit and honor to himself, and to the full and entire satisfaction of his

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 647

constituency. Mr. Blythe is a leading, very prosperous and highly
respected farmer. He has worked himself up by his own efforts, from a
poor, friendless boy, to a position of distinction among his fellowmen, and
acquired sufficient wealth to end his days in comfort and ease, and to leave
a handsome patrimony to his children.

JOHN MASON.

The subject of this sketch was born in Lincoln county, Kentucky,
November 27, 1814. He received a classical education and remained in
his native state attending to the management of his father's estate until the
year 1836, when he immigrated to Missouri, where he engaged in business
at various places successfully. First, at Middletown, Montgomery
county, then at Louisville, Lincoln county. From Louisville he went
to Clarksville, Pike county, and from there came to Ray county,
where he only stopped a short time, and then returned to Kentucky,
and remained there one year longer. He then returned to Ray
county, and setting at the town of Albany, engaged extensively
in merchandising, and also dealing in live stock. He was appointed
notary public March 20, 1873, and has ever since held that
office. Mr. Mason was admitted to the bar as an attorney at law, August
26, 1865, and has been very successfully engaged in the practice of his
profession in the courts of this and other counties, and also in the supreme
court of the state. He was married July 24, 1845, to Miss Mary H. Davis,
daughter of William D., and Mary A. Davis, natives of Mississippi. She
was born May 1, 1828. Her mother was a cousin of Jefferson Davis,
president of the Southern Confederacy. Mr. and Mrs. Mason became the
parents of eight children, five of whom are now living: Laura, born
December 5, 1846, was twice married, first to William Nelson, who was
killed by the accidental discharge of a gun, in 1867; second, to Frank
Rhodes, in 1870. She died in 1874. John W., born January 23, 1848;
Thomas, born March 24,1850; Oscar, born October 13, 1852; George
born May 16, 1855; died December 4, 1874; Belle, born February 4, 1858,
died March 26, 1875; Mattie L., born October 15, 1864; Frank, born
January 25, 1868. Mr. Mason was again married December 17, 1877, to
Mrs. Letitia S. Williams, daughter of Doctor R., and Catharine Coffey,
natives of Lincoln county, Kentucky. Mr. Mason is a member of the
Masonic fraternity.

ISAAC M. RIFFE.

Isaac M. Riffe is the son of Jacob and Rutha Riffe, natives of the state
of Kentucky. He was born in Ray county, Missouri, May 23, 1823.
Our subject was reared upon a farm, and he learned his trade, carpenter-
ing in the winter season, and worked on the farm during summer. Mr.

648 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

Riffe was married to Miss Martha Good, March 11, 1865, by Rev. Thomas
Brown, of the Baptist Church. The issue of this union was five children,
now living: Lulu, born March 5, 186S; Katie R., born January 6, 1870;
William W., born December 30, 1871; Elizabeth, born May 20, 1875;
Susie, born April 5, 1878. Mrs. Riffe died October 6, 1880, greatly
lamented by her numerous friends. At the commencement of the civil
war, Mr. Riffe enlisted in company A, 4th Missouri volunteer infantry,
Confederate army, and was engaged in the battles of Carthage, Dry
Wood, Wilson's Creek, Lexington, Pea Ridge, first and second Corinth,
and numerous skirmishes. He was discharged in the month of April,
1864, and returned home to Albany, Ray county, Missouri, where he has
ever since resided. Mr. Riffe is an excellent carpenter, ,and has a wide
patronage.

J. J. HANNAH.

Jo&eph J. Hannah was born in Clarke county, Ohio, August 11, 1826.
He is the son of David and Jane Hannah. His father was a native of
Virginia, and his mother of the state of Ohio. He received a common
school education, and at the age of twenty-one years, left home and went
to Illinois, where he remained for three years, engaged in farming. He
then returned to Ohio. Mr. Hannah was married August 22, 1850, to
Miss Mar)'- Calley, daughter of Nicholas and Nancy Calley. She was
born February 24, 1832. Soon after his marriage, Mr. Hannah moved
to Champaign county, Illinois, and purchasing a farm, resided there for
about fifteen years. Then in the year 1865, he emigrated to Ray
county, Missouri, and settled upon the beautiful place he now owns, over-
looking the Missouri river, (section thirteen, township fifty-one, range
twenty-nine.) This farm contains three hundred and thirty acres of very
rich and productive land, well fenced and improved, and stocked with
the best varieties of horses, cattle, hogs and sheep. Mr. and Mrs. Han-
nah became the parents of ten children, all but two of whom are now
living: James S., born August 9, 1851, died August 26, 1851; Nancy J.,
born July 12, 1853, married J. T. Conyers, and is now living in this
county; Sarah M., born May 27,1856; Charlotte, born May 12,1858,
married J. W. Rector, and lives in Caldwell county, Missouri ; William
A., born April 11, 1860, now in Colorado; John W., born February 10,
1862, died November 1, 1862; Livona Isabella, born April 5, 1863, mar-
ried Charles McGaugh, now living in this county: Joseph C, born May
19, 1867; Lily, born October 18, 1869; Riley N., born June 18, 1870.
Mr. Hannah is a prosperous, well to do farmer, and a valuable citizen of
the county.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 649

THORNTON ANDERSON.

Thornton Anderson was born in the city of Louisville in the state of
Kentucky, March 10, 1851. He is the son of William and Amanda
Anderson, natives of Vicksville, Virginia. The family emigrated to
Missouri when our subject was nine years of age, and located first in
Callaway county, where they lived four years, then went to Jackson
county, and from there to Lafayette county, Missouri, whence they came,
in the year 1874, to Ray county, and located upon the farm (section eigh-
teen, township fifty-one, range twenty-eight,) where our subject now
resides. Mr. Anderson was married April 7, 1878, to Miss Belle Craig,
by the Rev. William Leake, of the Baptist Church. Mrs. Anderson
was born April 8, 1850, in Danville, Kentucky. She is the daughter of
William and Sarah Craig, natives, also, of the state of Kentucky. Mr.
and Mrs. Anderson have two children: William H., born April 16, 1879,
and Nellie Gertrude, born February 24, 1881. Mr. Anderson is a well
to do farmer and a good citizen.

WILLIAM R1MMER.

William Rimmer was born in East Tennessee, March 17, 1848. He is
the son of Jesse and Winnie Rimmer, also natives of East Tennessee.
The family emigrated to Missouri when William was but three years old,
and after stopping for one year in Warren county, came to Ray county
and settled here permanently. Our subject received a common schoo
education, and worked at home on the farm until his marriage. He was
married December 30, 1868, to Miss Martha E. White, daughter of
William and Eliza White. Her father was a native of Virginia, and her
mother, of Clay county, Missouri. She was born June 13, 1853, in this
county. Mr. and Mrs. Rimmer became the parents of six children:
George A., born October 18, 1871 ; Franklin L., born May 1, 1875; Dallas,
born July 21, 1877; Ira N., born September 1, 1879; Harvey, born Octo-
ber 28, 1869, died November 18, 1869; Julian, born December 6, 1872,
died February 21, 1876. Mr. Rimmer is a member of the Farmers' Club,
and has a neat, well improved and well cultivated farm of eighty acres of
rich land. He is a good citizen.

S. W. COLLIER.

S. W. Collier was born in Oswego county, New York, on the 18th day
of July, 1827. His parents were Stephen and Hannah Collier, natives of
New York. Our subject received only limited educational advantages,
and at the age of eighteen years began working on his own account. He
engaged upon railroads and other public works in various states, and also
41

650 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

in Canada. Mr. Collier was married in the year 1845, to Miss Ellen
Patton, in Canada. The next year afterwards he returned to the state of
New York, and after remaining there for about five years, he went to
Pennsylvania and resided there until 1856. From Pennsylvania, Mr.
Collier emigrated to St. Louis, Missouri, and after living there until the
autumn of 1863, removed with his family to Knox county, Illinois. He
enlisted in the Union army and was chief of transportation in a quarter-
master's department with the commission of captain. He served in this
position during four years. At the close of the war he returned to his
home, and soon after, having been employed on a railroad in Iowa, went
thither with his family. He has ever since been engaged in railroad busi-
ness either in Iowa or Missouri. He is now engaged superintending a
party of men who are making railroad ties. He is located at Vibbard.
Mr. and Mrs. Collier have one daughter, Helen M., born November 19,
1848. She is a school teacher.

J. S. ASBURY.

James S. Asbury was born in Ray county, Missouri, November 21,
1847. His parents, Stephen and Nettie Asbury, emigrated to Missouri in
the year 1843, first locating in the southern part of the state until 1847,
and then coming to Ray county. Our subject attended the common
schools of this county, and remained at home until he was sixteen years of
age. He then went to Leavenworth, Kansas, and obtaining work,
remained there during eighteen months. While in the city of Leaven-
worth, he attended night school, and thus finished his education. He
clerked in a dry goods store at Plattsburg, Missouri, after leaving Leaven-
worth, and also at Dover in Lafayette county. He opened a store on his
own account at Hainesville, Missouri, in the year 1869, and remained
there for two years. He then kept store for eleven years at Lawson, in
this county. At present, April, 1881, Mr. Asbury is conducting a large
dry goods and grocery store at the town of Vibbard. He is also post-
master at that place. He was married April 8, 1875, to Miss Lottie C.
Barrett, daughter of Rev W. C. and Nancy Barrett, natives of Williams-
port, Virginia. The marriage ceremony was performed by the bride's
father, who is a minister of the Baptist Church. Mrs. Asbury was born
in Virginia, September 9, 1850. They have two children living: Louis J.,
born January 15, 1877; Herbert, born April 2, 1880. Mr. Asbury is a
successful, popular merchant, and an accommodating and efficient post-
master.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNT V. 651

ADAM HAUSER.

Adam Hauser was born in Ray county, Missouri, May 13, 1849. He
is the son of Thomas and Susan Hauser. His father was born in Surry
county, North Carolina, November 18, 1809, and died April 21, 1881.
His mother was born in the state of Indiana, September 20, 1822, and is
yet living. Our subject after finishing the course of study in the district
schools, attended William Jewell College, at Liberty, Missouri, and at the
age of seventeen years, entered upon the duties of a teacher in the schools
of his native county. Mr. Hauser was married December 15, 1870, to
Miss Margaret M. Odell, daughter of Henry and Anna Odell. Her father
was a native of South Carolina, and her mother of Indiana. She was
born in Ray county, July 18, 1853. Mr. and Mrs. Hauser have three
children : Kate L., born November 1, 1871 ; Cleopatra A., born Novem-
ber 3, 1874; Virgil M., born February 27, 1878. Mr. Hauser owns
seventy-four acres of land in township fifty-two, range twenty-nine, and
also two houses and lots in the town of Vibbard. He is assessor of the
town and also a member of its council. He and his wife are members of
the Christian Union religious denomination. He is a popular and suc-
cessful teacher and a valuable and leading citizen.

REV. ALLEN SISK.

Allen Sisk was born in Cocke county, Tennessee, December 9, 1833.
He is the son 'of Lawson and Sarah Sisk. His father was born in Cul-
pepper county, Virginia, his mother in Cocke county, Tennessee. She is
dead. His father is yet living in Tennessee at the advanced age of eighty
years. His grandfather, Bartlett Sisk, was a soldier in the war for
American Independence. Our subject came to Ray county in 1853, and
has since resided here. He was married May 13, 1856, to Miss Nancy
A. Smart, daughter of Samuel and Mary J. Smart, natives of Cocke
county, Tennessee. She was born in Ray county December 2, 1839.
Mr. and Mrs. Sisk have six children living: Mary E., born June 21,
1857; John, bora October 18, 1861; Dorothea A., born January 29, 1864;
Sarah E., born July 21, 1866; James H., bora July 21, 1873; William C,
born August 19, 1867. Mr. Sisk united with the regular Baptist Church
in the month of August, 1860, and soon after commenced the study of the
ministry. He was ordained in the year 1866, and has since been diligently
working in the Lord's vineyard, and his labors have been blessed with
great success. He is a devout Christian and much beloved by his con-
gregations.

652 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

J. R. JONES

John R. Jones was born in Harrison county, Kentucky, July 10, 1842.
He is the son of Richard S. and Verlinda Jones, natives of Kentucky.
He was educated in his native state, and grew to manhood on the farm
of his father. At the age of nineteen years, in the fall of 1861, he
enlisted in company D, 23d Kentucky regiment of Union volunteer
infantry, army of the Cumberland, and participated in the following
named battles of the civil war: Mission Ridge, Chickamauga, Franklin
and Nashville, besides numerous skirmishes. He was discharged in Jan-
uary, 1865, and returned to his home in Kentucky. He came to Ray
county, in the month of August, 1872. March 6, 1873, Mr. Jones was
married to Miss Margaret F. Shelton, daughter of L. L. and Cath-
erine Shelton. Her father was born in Kentucky, and her mother in
Missouri. Four children have been born to Mr.-and Mrs. Jones, only
two of whom are now living: Viola C, born June 18, 1877; Verlinda
S., born March 6, 1881. Mr. Jones is a thrifty, enterprising farmer and
stock-dealer, a leading citizen, and a much respected member of the
community in which he lives.

JOHN E. WEBER.

John E. Weber was born in Louisa county, Iowa, August 1, 1857. His
parents are Henry and Mary Weber. His father is a native of Ger-
many, and his mother of the state of Ohio. John attended the district
schools of his native state, and obtained a fair English education, and as
soon as old enough he began to learn the blacksmithing trade in his
father's shop. He continued working for his father until he was twenty-
two years of age, and then left home, and began blacksmithing on his
own account, in the town of Swanwick, then at Lawson, and is now
doing a good business at Vibbard, this county. In the year 1858 his
parents removed from Iowa to Kentucky, and after living there during
twelve years, they emigrated to Missouri, and located, for two years, at
the city of St. Joseph. From there they came to Ray county, and settled
at the town of Elkhorn. Our subject is a good blacksmith, and very
industrious. He is popular and receives a large patronage.

JOHN J. McGAUGH.

Was born in St. Charles county, Missouri, October 6, 1846. His
parents were Thomas H. and Sarah E. McGaugh. His father was a
native of Tennessee and his mother of the state of Virginia. At the age
of sixteen years our subject enlisted and served about eighteen months; he
was in the affray, when the noted desperado, Bill Anderson, was killed,
near Albany, this county, in the year 1864. January 20, 1867, Mr.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 653

McGaugh was married to Miss Nancy C. Coffer, daughter of William and
Miranda Coffer, natives of North Carolina. Mrs. McGaugh was born in
the year 1849, in North Carolina. Three children, now living, have been
the result of this union: Ida M., born October 26, 1867; Lottie Lee, born
April, 1873; Homer H., born April, 1877. Mr. McGaugh is now
engaged very successfully in business, at the town of Orrick.

LEWIS H. WOOD.

Lewis H. Wood is a native of Albemarle county, Virginia, and was
born December 25, 1832. He is the son of Henry and Rutha Wood, also
natives of the state of Virginia. At the age of eighteen years, our sub-
ject went to California, and remained there during five years, engaged in
mining. He then returned to his home in Virginia, but remaining there
only a short time, emigrated to Missouri. He first stopped for about a
year in Jackson county, and then came to Ray county, in 1857, and has
ever since made his home here, though he has often been in Kansas and
other states while working at his trade, which is that of a plasterer. Mr.
Wood was married May 10, 1859, to Miss E. L. Rothrick, daughter of
Alexander and Ellen Rothrick, natives of the state of New York. Mr.
and Mrs. Wood have six children: Mamie, born March 7, 1860; William
L., born April 9, 1862; Lilly P., born June 2,1871; Andrew B., born
April 15, 18—, Effie born May 14, 1876, Emmett, born January 16, 1881;
Mr. Wood is an excellent plasterer and his services are much in demand.

RIAL CREASON.

Rial Creason was born in Ray county, Missouri, on the 3d day
of March, 1835. His parents were Willaim and Mary Creason. His
father was a native of Kentucky, and his mother of the state of Tennessee.
The family emigrated to this county at an early day, and were compelled,
by fear of Indians, to,live in a block house on first coming. Our subject was
married on the 31st day of August, 1854, to Miss Mary D. Hall, by Rev-
erend T. N. O'Brien, of the Baptist Church. Mrs. Creason was born in
Ray county, March 29, 1839. Her parents were T. and Zilpha Hall,
natives of North Carolina, who came to this county about the year 1833.
Mr. and Mrs. Creason became the parents of thirteen children, all but four
of whom are now living: Martha E., born February 28, 1S27; Cyrus W.,
born Ma}' 15, 1858; Thomas W., born February 3, 1863'; Sarah F., born
January 3, 1865; Meda, born February 10, 1866; Wiley B., born Septem-
ber 15, 1869; Robert E., born June 11, 1871; Daisy, born June 15, 1875;
Lena, born December 27, 1877; Emma, born April 3, 1860, and died in
the fall of 1862; Susie, born April 5, 1865, and died in 1866; Furney, born in
1867, and died in 186S; Rosa, born May 16, 1872, and died in October,
1874. Mr. Creason has served seven years as justice of the peace, and is

654 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

at present occupying that office. He owns about six hundred acres of
Ray county's best bottom land, and is a successful and prosperous farmer
and a good citizen. He is treasurer of Albany Grange, No. 520, P. of H.,
and a leading member of Ada Lodge, No. 444, A. F. & A. M., at Albany.

OSCAR MASON.

Oscar Mason was born in Ray county, Missouri, October 13, 1852.
He is the son of John and Mary H. Mason. His father was born in Ken-
tucky, and his mother in Mississippi. His opportunities for education
were very limited, on account of the war, but he made the best use he
could of such time as he spent at school, and has a fair common school
education. He began farming for himself at the age of seventeen years
and continued in that business in this county for about three years, and
then went to Texas, where he engaged in herding cattle for two years
and then returned to this county. He then engaged as clerk for one year
in the dry goods store of Dorton & Pigg, since which time he has been
engaged at Orrick, in business for himself.

DANIEL H. TUCKER, Sen.

Daniel H. Tucker, Sen., was born in Marion county, Kentucky, Octo-
ber 21, 1816. His parents removed to Ray county, Missouri, in the spring
of 1835, and our subject has ever since lived here. He was married,
November 10, 1836, to Miss Milly Ellioth, daughter of John and Susanna
Ellioth, natives of North Carolina. She was born November 21, 1820, in
Ray county. They have eleven children living: Mary E., James L.,
Martha, Sarena, Benjamin F., Milly, Andrew E., Daniel H., Eliza, Sallie,
William. Susannah, Kitty A. and John E. are dead. Ten of these are
now married, and nine of them living near their father. (Mary E. lives in
Cedar county, Missouri). Mr. Tucker owns two hundred acres of excel-
lent land in Fishing River bottom and is a well-to-do farmer, and a
respected member of the community. He belongs to Ada Lodge, No.
444, A. F. & A. M., at Albany.

JOHN BOGART.

John Bogart is a native of Ray county, Missouri, and was born on
the 24th day of April, 1825. His father, Alexander Bogart, was a native
of Tennessee, and his mother, Mary, was born in Indiana. They emi-
grated to this county in the year 1819, and settled near where our sub-
ject now resides. John Bogart was married September 7, 1845, to Miss
Elizabeth A. Hogue, daughter of James and Elizabeth Hogue, natives
of South Carolina, who came to this county about the year 1838. Mrs.
Bogart was born in South Carolina, November 10, 1827. The issue of this

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 655

marriage was ten children, six of whom are yet living: Alexander, born
October 6, 1846; Elizabeth, born August 20, 1849; Janette, born June
6, 1853; James VV., born November 21, 1855; Sarah C, born March 15,
1858; John R., born January 15, 1868; Mary Jane, born September 2,
1848, died October 4, 1848; Nancy, born November 7, 1851, died July
27, 1852; Mary E., born April 12, 1863, died May 8, 1864. Mr. Bogart
served as justice of the peace for ten years. He is a prosperous farmer
and a good citizen.

JAMES L. TUCKER.

James L. Tucker was born in Ray county, Missouri, April 17, 1843.
His parents were Daniel H. and Milly Tucker, natives of the state of
North Carolina. At the commencement of the civil war, Mr. Tucker
enlisted in the home guard militia, and served for about six months, when
he joined company B, 3d Missouri cavalry, under Captain A. Allen, and
served for three years. He participated in the battles of Springfield,
Monia, Cane Hill, and Neosho. At the close of the war he returned to
Ray county, and went from here to Dakota territory as a teamster; was
gone about a year. Soon after his return here from Dakota he was mar-
ried May 29, 1866, to Miss Sarah S. Wholf, daughter of John Wholf, a
native of Ohio. She was born in Ray county, Missouri, September 22,
1843. In the year 1870, Mr. Tucker located on the southeast quarter of
section six, town fifty-one, range twenty-nine, where he has since resided.
He owns eighty acres of excellent, well-improved land, and is prospering
well. Mr. and Mrs. Tucker have four children living, and three dead:
Hannah, born August 7,1868; Milly, born October 30, 1869; Michael
W., born September 7,1874; Fannie L., born October 28,1880; Kitty
A., born April 30, 1871; died Sepember 15, 1872; Daniel H., born Decem-
ber 14, 1872; died October 10,1873; Mary E., born October 2,1876;
died October 29, 1879. Mr. Tucker is a good citizen, and highly esteemed
by his neighbors.

JAMES BUIST.

James Buist was born in Fifeshire, Scotland, April 21, 1835. His parents,
David and Robino Buist, were also natives of Scotland. His parents both
died when James was quite young, and he lived in the family of his uncle
until he was eighteen years of age, when he began to earn his own liveli-
hood. When nineteen years old our subject emigrated to America, land-
ing at New York on the 15th day of May, 1857. He went to Philadelphia
and remained there until 1860, and then came to Missouri, locating first in
Clay county, for a short time, and then coming to Ray where he has since
had his home. Frem 1862, to 1863, Mr. Buist was a teamster in govern-
ment employ, connected with a supply train. He was married May 16,

656 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY

1865, to Miss Margaret E. Smith, daughter of Philip and Jane Smith.
Her father was born in the north of Ireland, and her mother in Missouri.
She was born in Platte county Missouri, June 26, 1849. Three children
were born to Mr. and Mrs. Buist: David, born in December, 1867; Wil-
liam, born December 13, 1869; Mary, born November 4, 1873. Mrs.
Buist died February 16, 1877, and Mr. Buist was married again, June 7,
1878, to Mrs. Mary E. Harris. They became the parents of one child,
Annie, born in May, 1879. Mr. Buist lived unhappily with his second
wife, and they are now separated by divorce. He is a well-to-do farmer,
and a valuable citizen.

S. A. PAXTON, M. D.

Dr. S. A. Paxton was born April 24, 1847, in Lincoln county, Kentucky.
His parents were William and Matilda J. Paxton. His father was born in
1808, and his mother in 1818. When our subject was quite young, his
parents removed to Missouri, stopping, for a time, in Pike county, and then
went to Montgomery county, and, in the year 1868, came to Ray county.
Remaining here but a short time, they went to Colorado, thence to Texas,
and various other localities, finally returning here to settle permanently.
Dr. Paxton graduated from the McDowell Medical College, at St. Louis,
in February, 1877, and has since been engaged, very successfully, in the
practice of his profession. Fie is now located at the town of Orrick, and
is a popular rising young physician, and a leading citizen of the town.

SAMUEL TARWATER.

Samuel Tarwater was born in Tennessee in the year 1806. His parents
removed to Ray county, Missouri, in the autumn of 1816, and settled
among the Pottawattamie Indians, who then dwelt in this county. They
endured all the privations and hardships incident to pioneer life. Our
subject remained at home with his parents until he was eighteen years of
age and then began working for himself. He was married in the year
1824, to Miss Polly Broadhurst, by Rev. W. Turnadge. They lived
happily together for a quarter of a century, and then Mrs. Tarwater died,
and in 1852, Mr. Tarwater was again married to Mrs. Elizabeth Orphet.
After seventeen years of wedded life, she, too, died. Mr. Tarwater was
married the third time in 1869, to Miss Sarah E. Mills. She lived only
about two years after her marriage, and Mr. Tarwater was left alone by
death the third time. His fourth marriage was with Mrs. Malinda E.
Brown. She died two years after her marriage and our subject was for
the fifth time married May 15, 1881, to Mrs. Mary A. Scott, the daughter
of Thomas and Psyche Keen)-. Her father was a native of North Caro-
lina and her mother of Tennessee. Mrs. Tarwater was born March 20,
1831, in this county. Mr. Tarwater is the father of nine children by his

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 657

first marriage, seven by the second and one by the third marriage. Of
these, only three of his first wife's and three of his second wife's children
and the one of the third wife are now living. Mr. Tarwater is one of the
oldest and best citizens of Ray county. As early as the age of eighteen
years he engaged in numerous skirmishes with roving bands of hostile
Indians, who, not infrequently raided the settlements for purposes of theft
or murder. He was also engaged in the Heatherly and the Mormon wars.
In a fight with Mormons on Crooked river, two of them attacked him at
once with corn knives and nearly cut him to pieces. He received a terri-
ble gash in the skull, through which the brain was plainly visible, was
cut about the throat and one terrible blow across the face severed the jaw
bone and destroyed all the upper teeth. From the effects of these wounds,
Mr. Tarwater was compelled to keep his bed nearly six months and has
never, entirely recovered, for the wound on his head affected his memory
and the injury to his mouth caused an impediment in his speech. Samuel
Tarwater, now venerable with nearly four score years, has been closely
identified with and assisted in the progress of Ray county from an
almost primeval wilderness to her present proud position of wealth and
population in the front ranks of the sisterhood of counties that go to make
up the grand old commonwealth of Missouri.

CYRUS D. GANT.

Cvrus D. Gant was born in Ray county, Missouri, September 10, 1839.
He is the son of Joshua A. Gant, a native of North Carolina. At the age
of twenty Years, he began to work for himself, and was, September 17,
1866, married to Miss Ella M. Hughes, daughter of John and Deborah
Hughes, natives of Kentucky. They have six children: William, born
September 2, 1867; James N., born November 17, 1868; Leila, born
March 1, 1874; Ora L., born January 10, 1876; Maud, born September
3, 1878; Ella, born March 13, 1881. When the civil war commenced,
Mr. Gaut enlisted in company C, Third Missouri Confederate cavalry
and served with that regiment for six months, and was then transferred to
the Third Missouri infantry, in which he served throughout the remain-
der of the war. He participated in the battles of Lexington, Pea Ridge,
first and second Iuka, Corinth, Vicksburg, Grand Gulf, Black River,
Atlanta, Kenesaw and Franklin or Stone River. At the last named bat-
tle he was wounded five times, and being left on the field, fell into the
hands of the Union troops. He was kept at Franklin two months and
was then sent to the hospital at Nashville, where he remained about the
same length of time. He was released at Camp Chase in Ohio the same
day that President Lincoln was assassinated. He walked to St. Louis, and
there meeting a friend who kindly furnished him with the necessary
means he was enabled to take passage on the steamboat up the river and

658 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

thus reached home again after an absense of more than three years. Mr.
Gant is now engaged as a trader and dealer in live stock. He does a
thriving, paying business, and is a valuable member of the community of
Vibbard, where he resides. He is highly respected by his neighbors and
friends, and is a leading and influential citizen.

JAMES GREENE.

James Greene was born in the state of Tennessee, April 15, 1811. His
parents were David and Jorissa Greene, natives of White county, Ten-
nessee. Our subject came to Ray county, Missouri, in the year 1832, and
engaged in farming, which has been his life-long avocation. In the year
1845, James Greene was married to Miss Mary Hough, daughter of
Absolom Hough, a native of Germany. She was born November 20,
1824. They have six children, living: Martin V., born October 2, 1842;
David, born November 25, 1844; Nancy, born August 4, 1848; Samuel,
born June 6, 1853; Martha, born March 11, 1858; James, born January
8, 1869. Mr. Greene served eighteen months at the beginning of the late
civil war, as a member of Colonel King's staff (Union army). At the
expiration of that term of service, he re-enhsted in the 44th regiment of
Missouri volunteer infantry, and served in the battles of Pea Ridge and
Spanish Fort, as well as all other engagements in which his regiment parti-
cipated. At the last named battle he was under fire for eleven days. At
the close of the war he was discharged at St. Louis, and returned to his
family in Ray county. Both Mr. Greene and his wife are members of
the Christian Church. He is an industrious, thrifty, and successful farmer
and a good citizen.

H. D. HATFIELD.

The subject of this sketch was born in Campbell county, Tennessee, in
the year 1837, and was brought by his parents when four years old, to
Knoxville, Ray county, Missouri. His father was a farmer, and our sub-
ject was raised on a farm. Having completed the course of study taught
in the common schools, he began teaching at the age of nineteen years,
and pursued that profession with good success during eight years. He
then entered the drug and grocery business at Haller, and continued it, at
that place, for about six years, and until his removal to R. & L. Junction.
There he was occupied in the same line of business for about two years,
and then selling out at the Junction, he removed to Lawson, this county,
and built a large and commodious store house there, in which he conducts
a very profitable trade in drugs and groceries. Mr. Hatfield was mar-
ried at Lawson, in the month of June, 1878, to Miss Fannie Potter, of
Gentry county, Missouri, by the Reverend Mr. Roote. They became the
parents of two children, both of whom died in infancy. Mr. Hatfield is a
rising, popular merchant and a public spirited man.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 659

G. W. MONTGOMERY

G. W. Montgomery was born in Gallatin county, Kentucky, July 31,
1833, and received his education and grew up there. At the age of
twenty-one years, he left home and went to California, where he staid
about eighteen months, and then returned to his native county, and again
attended school for one year. At the expiration of that time he came to
Missouri, and, stopping first in Clinton county, taught school there for one
year, and then came to Ray county. He taught school for a time after
his arrival in this county, and then engaged in farming until the outbreaking
of the civil war. In 1861 he enlisted in company F, Hughe's regiment of
state guards, Slack's brigade, and served for three months, and then return-
ed home. In the winter of 1861, he enlisted in company A, second Mis-
souri regiment, Confederate States army, and remained in the service until
March, 1862, and then went to Kentucky, where he remained until 1865,
and then, returning to this county, engaged in farming until 1870, and then
entered the hardware and lumber trade, which he continued until Feb-
ruary, 1881, when he established his present business, that of furniture,
undertakers' goods and agricultural implements, at the town of Lawson.
Mr. Montgomery was married in the year 1858, to Miss Agnes Clevenger,
who was born in Ray county in the year 1843. They became the parents
of two children, Elizabeth, now Mrs. Brock, and Robert E. Mr.' Mont-
gomery was married the second time, in 1872, to Flora Childs, who was
born in the state of New York, in 1849. He is a member of the Bee-Hive
Lodge, No. 393, A. F. & A. M., at Lawson, and is also a leading mem-
ber of the M. E. Church South

F. BROCK.

The gentleman whose name heads this article was born in Franklin
county, Kentucky, December 26, 1820. He left Kentucky when seven
years of age, with his parents, and coming to Missouri, locating first in
Clay county, where he remained until 1854, and then came to Ray county
and located upon his present farm, in section thirty, township twenty-nine,
range fifty-four. He owns a fine farm of 278 acres, well improved and
in an excellent state of cultivation. He is also engaged in raising stock,
and has a fine herd of blooded cattle, and also a flock of well-bred sheep.
Commenced dealing in lumber, at Lawson, in the autumn of 1871, and in
1873 added a stock of hardware to his business, and has since continued
both lines in addition to his farm. He owns a fine store-house at Law-
son, and is doing a prosperous business. Mr. Brock was engaged in the
local war against the Mormons, and was also in the state militia, under
command of Colonel Doniphan. He was married March 17, 1853, in
Clay county, Missouri, to Miss Diana Moore, by the Reverend Mr. Price,

660 HISTORY OF RAV COUNTY.

of the Baptist Church. Mrs. Brock was born in Franklin county, Ken-
tucky, February 13, 1826, and her parents moved to this state soon after
her birth. Mr. and Mrs. Brock have two children: W. H. and George
E. Mr. Brock is a member of Bee-Hive Lodge No. 393, A. F. & A. M.,
and was one of the charter members when the lodge was organized, in
1865.

J. C. WEAKLEY.

James C. Weakley was born in Mercer county, Pennsylvania, May iJ9,
1844. His father, William S. Weakley, was a native of Pennsylvania,
and was born March 1, 1816; died September 1, 1848. Our subject
learned the trade of a tinner at the age of eighteen years, and has since
devoted his attention to that avocation. During Morgan's raid through
Ohio and Virginia, in 1863, he responded to the call for volunteers for
one hundred days, and served through that campaign. March 1, 1863,
he enlisted in company G, 145th regiment of Pennsylvania, and served
until July 4, 1865, when he was discharged at Cincinnati. He was
engaged at the battles of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania Court House,
North Ann River, Cold Harbor, Petersburg. At the last named battle
he was so badly wounded as to disable him for service, and he was dis-
charged, and returned home to Pennsylvania, where he remained until
September, 1865, and then, coming to Missouri, engaged, during the suc-
ceeding winter, at his trade in Hamilton, Caldwell county, Missouri, and
then came to Knoxville, Ray county. From the latter place he removed
to Lawson in 1870, and has since been doing a good business in stoves,
tinware, etc., at that place. Mr. Weakley was married January 27, 1867,
at Knoxville, this county, to Miss Mary E. Vinsant, a native of Tennessee,
born October 17, 1846. They have six children: William R., John,
James, Charles D., Esther, and Mary E. Both Mr. Weakley and his
wife are members of the M. E. Church South. He has held the position
of secretary of Bee-Hive Lodge No. 393, A. F. & A. M., for several
years.

ISAAC COOK.

Isaac Cook was born in Guilford county, North Carolina, July 3, 1817,
and learned the blacksmithing trade there, which business he has pur-
sued ever since. Came to Missouri in 1844, and worked at his trade first
for awhile in Clinton county, andjthen removed to Ray county; is now
located at Lawson. During the late civil war he was first lieutenant of
company B, 6th Missouri cavalry, commanded by Colonel E. C. Cather-
wood. Mr. Cook was married in 1839, in North Carolina, to Miss Han-
nah E. Woodburn. They became the parents of ten children: Elizabeth
A., Jane, John, Tabitha, Margaret, Susan, James, Henry, Frances, and an

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 661

•

infant (dead). Mr. Cook's second marriage occurred May 17, 1865,
when Mary E. Barrow, of Green county, became his wife. She bore
him three children: Isaac S., Addie, and Charles F. Mrs. Cook died in
the month of June, 1880. Mr. Cook is a member of the Christian Union
Church. He is an excellent blacksmith, and has a large and lucrative busi-
ness. He is a man of good character, and is a valuable addition to the
town of Lawson.

J. W. ASBURY.

J. W. Asbury was born in Todd county, Kentucky, February 8, 1840.
His parents removed to Missouri in 1843, and located, first in Dade
county, where they lived for three years, and then came to Ray county.
His father, who was a blacksmith, located in Richmond, and worked at
his trade there, until 1852, and then removed to Camden, this county.
From Camden he went to Lexington, Lafayette county, and after remain-
ing there for a period, returned to this county. Our subject learned the
trade of blacksmithing, and pursued that business until the beginning of
the civil war. He enlisted, in 1861, jn company A, 3d Missouri Regi-
ment, Confederate army, and was engaged at Pea Ridge, Mansfield raid,
Jenkins' Ferry, Lexington, and Independence. He was discharged at
Shreveport, Louisiana, in 1865, and went to Nebraska, where he engaged
for two years, at his trade. He then went to Wyoming territory, and to
Colorado, working successively at different places. At Cheyenne, Wyo-
ming, he set up a shop of his own. He returned to Missouri in 1868,
and began merchandising at the town of Hainesville,!and at the end of two
years, came to Lawson, this county, where he and his brother, J. S.
Asbury, opened a large business in dry goods, groceries, boots and shoes.
They have conducted the business very successfully, at that place, ever
since. Our subject was married in 1872, at Plattsburg, Missouri, to Miss
Tilly Barrett, of Clinton county, who was born at Parkersburg, Virginia,
December 27, 1857. They have two children living. Mr. Asbury is a
member of the Missionary Baptist Church, and also belongs to the
Masonic fraternity.

P. H. GATES.

Was born in Jefferson county, east Tennessee, July 9, 1821, and at the
age of twenty years left there and came to Ray county, Missouri, locat-
ing near Richmond, where he lived for six years, and then bought land
and settled in Caldwell county, and engaged in farming and stock dealing
there, until 1879, when he returned to Ray county and located at Law-
son, where he has since been engaged extensively and profitably in buying
and shipping live stock. Mr. Cates still owns a fine farm of 240 acres in
Caldwell county. He was married February 11, 1841, to Miss Edith

•

662 HISTORY OF RAY COUNT*.

Joiner, in Jefferson county, east Tennessee. Mrs. Cates was born in the
month ot September, 1821, in Tennessee. The issue of this union was
twelve children: Mary, Ellen, John, Samuel, Margaret, William, Mar-
tha, Stephen, Melsina, George, Florence and Pleasant. Mrs. Cates died
June 5, 1877, and Mr. Cates was again married in July, 1876, to Sallie
Robinett. Mr. Cates is a deacon and an active and influential member of
the Baptist Church. He has served for several years as justice of the
peace, and is a prominent and respected citizen.

JAMES M. CROWLEY.

James M. Crowley was born in Fishing River township, Ray county,
Missouri, April 26, 1857. He was educated in the district schools of this
county, and when he had grown up engaged in farming, which is his
present occupation. He was married at Lawson, in 1879, to Miss Bettie
Whitsett, by Rev. Mr. Linn. Mrs. Crowley was born in Ray county, in
the year 1858. The issue of this marriage has been one child: William,
born May 26, 1880. Mr. Crowley is an enterprising, industrious and
rising young farmer and a good citizen.

G. W. JAMES, M. D.

Was born in Union county, Illinois, October 6, 1837. Moved to Welling-
ton, Lafayette county, Missouri, in 1853, and was educated there. After
leaving school he began the study of medicine, and afterwards attended
and graduated from Rush Medical College, at Chicago, Illinois. He has
practiced very successfully in Lafayette, Clay and Ray counties; he is
now located at Lawson, and associated in the practice of his profession
with his brother, Dr. J. C. James. They also own and conduct a drug
store at Lawson. Dr. G. W. James was married December 11,
1872, at Lawson, to Miss Susan Immell, of Pennsylvania. She was born
in 1848. Three children have been born to Dr. and Mrs. James: Tem-
perance Immell, William and Arthur. Both Dr. James and his estimable
lady are members of the M. E. Church South. He is a good physician
and enjoys a lucrative practice.

W. C. JAMES, M. D.

Was born in Union county, Illinois, October 7, 1841. He attended
medical college at Ann Arbor, Michigan, and afterwards graduated from
the medical department of the Iowa State University, and began the
practice of his profession in July, 1864, in Clay county, Missouri. In the
year 1872, he located at Lawson, this county, and with his brother, also a
physician, opened a drug store at that place, in connection with his prac-
tice. Dr. W. C. James was married May 28, 1874, in Clinton county,
Missouri, to Miss Alice Estill. She died the 15th of May, 1875, having

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 663

lived less than one year after her marriage. Dr. James is a leading mem-
ber of Bee-Hive Lodge, No. 393, at Lawson, and is also a member of the
M. E. Church South, at that place. Dr. James is an able and popular
physician, and James Bros, are doing a prosperous drug business. They
are valuable citizens of the thriving little city of Lawson.

C. N. PALMER, M. D.

Dr. C. N. Palmer was born in Scott county, Kentucky, February 25,
1831. His parents removed to Independence, Jackson county, Missouri,
in 1836, and there our subject attended school. He subsequently gradu-
ated from the State University at Columbia, in 1850, and began the study
of medicine. He attended the St. Louis Medical College, graduating in
1853, and the next winter attended a post-graduate course of lectures at
Philadelphia. He located for the practice of his profession in Clay county,
Missouri, in the spring of 1854, and remained there until 1870, when he
came to Lawson, in this county, and has since practiced there. Dr. Pal-
mer was married in 1853, in Clay county, to Miss Susan Cook, who was
born in Garrard county, Kentucky, in 1840. They became the parents of
three children: Lutie C, Fanny A., Mary B. Mrs. Palmer died in 1869
and the Doctor was again married in 1873, to Josephine Hollingworth.
They have three children : Patracia, Charles H., and Grace. Dr. Pal-
mer enlisted in the Confederate army in 1861, and served throughout the
war. He held the rank of lieutenant-colonel and participated in the battles
of Pea Ridge, Arkansas, Seven Pines and the seven days fight at Rich-
mond, Virginia, under General Robert E. Lee, besides numerous minor
engagements. After the war was over he went to the west and traveled
through the different states and territories to the Pacific ocean, returning
after an absence of two and a half years, to Liberty, Clay county, Mis-
souri, where he remained as above stated, practicing his profession, until
his removal to Lawson. Dr. Palmer is an accomplished, experienced and
successful physician, and a prominent and influential citizen of Ray county.
He is a member of the Christian Church, of the Masonic fraternity, and
of the I. O. O. F.

ROBERT M. HUNTER.

Robert M. Hunter was born in Jessamine county, Kentucky, December
3, 1841, and lived there until 1869, when he removed to Ray county, Mis-
souri, and located upon his present farm. He has been a farmer and
stock-raiser all his life. He owns one hundred and sixty acres of good
land in a fine condition of cultivation, and well improved. He is also
engaged in raising the best breeds of stock, among which are some thor-
ough bred short-horn cattle. Mr. Hunter was married, October 3, 1871,
in Ray county, Missouri, to Miss M. C. Rippy. They are the parents of

664 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

two children: Cora A., born December 27, 1S72; Nannie A., born
December 31, 1874. In the summer of 1863, Mr. Hunter enlisted in
company B, 8th regiment Kentucky cavalry, C. S. A., and served until
he was captured, in the summer of 1864, near Salineville, Ohio, during
Morgan's raid, and held a prisoner of war at Camp Chase, Ohio, where
he was finally discharged, and returned home to Kentucky. During the
time he was in the army he engaged in the battles of Hartsville, Tennes-
see; Nashville, Elizabethtown, Rolling Fork, Louisville, Richmond, Win-
chester, Mt. Sterling, and Green River bridge, besides other less impor-
tant ones. Mr. Hunter is a leading farmer, and a valuable and highly
respected member of the communitv, and citizen of Ray county.

BENJAMIN STURGIS.

Benjamin Sturgis was born in Madison county, Ohio, October 14, 1830.
At the age of ten years he came with his parents to Caldwell county,
Missouri, and lived there until 1878, when he came to this county. He
was reared upon a farm, and has been all his life engaged in the business
of farming. Mr. Sturgis was married, first, in 1854, in Caldwell county,

Missouri, to Miss Filley, by Rev. Mr. Kirkpatrick. The issue of this

marriage was two children: George and Lucy Jane. His wife died in
1856, and in 1858, Mr. Sturgis was again married by Rev. Mr. Williams,
to Lucy Violet, of Clay county. They are the parents of seven children :
William, Nero, Benjamin, Oliver, Clara, living, and Matthew and Phoebe,
dead. The second Mrs. Sturgis died in 1876. Mr. Sturgis is a leading
member of the Christian Union Church.

GRIFFIN I. WINGER.

Griffin I. Winger was born in Roanoke county, Virgina, May 1, 1849.
His parents removed to Ray county, Missouri, when our subject was but
three years old, and settled upon the same place where he now
resides. He owns one hundred and forty-three acres of good farming
lands, well improved and in a fine state of cultivation and productiveness.
Mr. Winger was married in the month of March, 1870, to Miss Mary E.
Ra}-, a native also of Roanoke county, Virginia. She was born May 21,
1850. They have three children: Bertha A., born August 19, 1872;
Marcus B., born April 13, 1874; James W., born August 11, 1880. Mr.
Winger and his wife are members of the Missionary >Baptist Church.
The parents of our subject were natives of Virginia: his father died Janu-
ary 8, 1859; his mother is living with him on the old homestead. Mr.
Winger is a well-to-do farmer, and a respected citizen of Polk township.

W*1 CROWLEY.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 665

WILLIAM CROWLEY.

William Crowley was born in Powell Valley, Tennessee, October 31,
1816. He is the son of Isham Crowley, also a native of Tennessee.
Soon after the birth of William, his father removed to the state of Ala-
bama, where the family lived for about thirteen years, and then in 1829,
removed to Clay county, Missouri. Our subject remained about eleven
years in Clay county, and then going to Clinton county, lived there dur-
ing eight years. In the year 1849, he came to Ray county and has con-
tinued a citizen and a farmer of this county ever since. He owns a valu-
able farm (section seven, township fifty-four, range twenty-nine,) of two
hundred and ten acres of verv fertile farming land, well fenced, and in an
excellent condition of cultivation, with fine, thrifty bearing orchards, and
an abundance of pure water for the numerous herds of cattle, horses,
sheep and hogs, with which the pastures are stocked. The farm is
improved by a handsome, commodious and conveniently arranged dwell-
ing house, a large and substantially built barn and granaries, sheds and
other buildings for the protection of stock and the shelter of grain, feed,
etc. Mr. Crowley is also engaged, to a considerable extent, in buying
and selling live stock, and devotes particular attention to breeding and
raising the best varieties. He is a thrifty, practical, experienced farmer,
and the condition of his model farm bears testimony to his success, in
that, his chosen branch of business. Mr. Crowley was married Novem-
ber 19, 1840, by Rev. John Edwards, to Miss Margaret Miller, a native
of Clay county, Missouri, born May 29, 1S25. The issue of this mar-
riage was ten children, all but one of whom are living: James I., born
February 7, 1843; William T., born May 5, 1845; Susan F., born March
8, 1848; John W., born January 6, 1850; Eugenia K., born April 2, 1852;
David M., born August 21, 1854; George W., born April 8, 1858; Bar-
num M., born September 4, 1860; U. S. Grant, born August 27, 1863:
A. B. Lincoln, born September 18, 1865, (died in infancy.) Mr. Crowley
has served during four successive terms, of four years each, as justice of
the peace in his township, and was justice of the Ray county court dur-
ing a term of four years. He discharged the duties of these positions of
trust and honor with the same judgment and ability with which he has
so successfully managed his individual business. His conduct in public
as well as in private life, has always been highly honorable and just.
He and his wife, with several of the children, are members of the Chris-
tian Church. He is also a member of Grange No. 1129, P. of H.

666 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

G. W. S. WILLIAMS.

The subject of this sketch was born in Cooper county, Missouri, April
5, 1841. When he was six years of age, his parents removed to St.
Joseph, Missouri, and lived there and in Buchanan county about five
years and then went to Platte county where they resided until our subject
was fourteen years of age, when they returned to Buchanan county.
There he learned the carpentering trade and worked at it until 1880,
when he came to Lawson, Ray county, where he is now located. Mr.
Williams enlisted in company E, Cornell's regiment, C. S. A., under Gen-
eral Sterling Price, in the month of September, 1861, and was engaged at
the battles of Pea Ridge, Corinth, Iuka, Grand Gulf, Champion Hills and
at the siege of Vicksburg, where he was captured by the Union army
under command of General U. S. Grant, and held as a prisoner of war
until January 3, 1865. After his release he went to Indiana and thence to
Buchanan county, Missouri. Mr. Williams was married in 1854, to Miss
Maria Goodman, of Buchanan county, by Rev. James Roberts. They
have three children: George, born December 10, 1861; James, born June
— ,1866; Annie, born July 5, 1868. Mr. Williams and wife are both
members of the Baptist Church at Lawson, and he is also a member of
the I. O. O. F. He is a good carpenter and builder, and his business is
in a prosperous condition.

ANDREW J. GREENAWALT.

Andrew J. Greenawalt was born in Hardin county, Kentucky, June 15,
1829. He remained in his native county until fourteen years of age, and
then came to Missouri, and lived first, one year, in Clay county, and then
went to DeKalb county and remained there until 1865, when he removed
to Ray county and bought the same farm upon which he is living at pres-
ent (April, 1881). Mr. Greenawalt was married in De Kalb county,
November 28, 1850, to Miss Nancy Sloan, a native of Monroe county,
Ohio, born August 9, 1833. Her parents came to Missouri in the year
1841. Mr. and Mrs. Greenawalt became the parents of seven children,
five of whom are now living: Susan J., born July 18, 1853; John B., born
August 3, 1865; James S., born September 6, 1860; Elijah P., born May
26, 1866; William L., born October 2, 1868; Sarah E., born July 25,
1858, and Christina, born March 2, 1871, are dead. Mr. Greenawalt
enlisted May 13, 1861, in company F, Ninth Missouri infantry, C. S. A.,
commanded by Colonel Clark, of General Sterling Price's army. Mr.
Greenawalt was in the battles of Lexington, Springfield and Pea Ridge
where he was captured by the Union troops and taken to the military
prison at Alton, Illinois, and kept there until September 8, 1862, when he
was exchanged at Vicksburg, Mississippi, and went to Little Rock,

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 607

Arkansas, and v/as with his command at Prairie Grove, Cypress Bayou,
Old River Lake, Milliken's Bend, (Louisiana), Mansfield, Sabine Fork,
and the surrender at Shreveport, Louisiana. June 24, 1865, reached his
home again in De Kalb county, Missouri, after an absence of nearly four
years, and subsequently, as above stated, came and settled permanently in
Ray county. Mr. Greenawalt owns a very desirable farm of one hundred
and twenty acres of fertile and productive land, which evinces by its neat
and thrifty appearance the industry and good management of its owner.
Mr. Greenawalt and his wife with three of the eldest children are mem-
bers of the Christian Church.

MILTON PIERCEY.

Milton Piercey was born near Greensborough, in Guilford county,
North Carolina, October 25, 1822. From the age of eighteen to twenty
years he served an apprenticeship at the carpentering trade, and then
began working at that business, and continued it until 1844, when he
immigrated to Ray county, Missouri, and settled on the farm he now
owns and occupies. With the exception of two years, 1848-50, spent in
Clinton and Caldwell counties, this state, he has lived here ever since he
first came, engaged in farming and carpentering. He came here a poor
youth, and has made all he has by his industry, economy, and good man-
agement. He owns a valuable farm of three hundred acres, under good
fences, well improved, and fully stocked and equipped. Mr. Piercey was
first married, in this county, August 31, 1848, to Miss Permelia C. Tay-
lor, daughter of John and Zenisha Taylor. Two children were born of
this union, viz: Amos K., born December 27, 1850; Sarah E., born
November 9, 1852. Mrs. Piercey died in November, 1852, and Mr.
Piercey was again married July 25, 1854, to Zillah A. Taylor, who was
born in Virginia, in 1832. They became the parents of five children,
three of whom are now living, viz: Henry C, born February 25, 1856;
George W., born March 7, 1858; Caroline S., born April 9, 1865. Mr.
Piercy was married the third time, March 23, 1871, to Lottie J. Cum-
mings, by Reverend William Dickson. She was born in Guilford
county, North Carolina, May 22, 1831. The issue of this marriage was
two children: Robert D., born June 4, 1872; Charley M., born March 21,
1874; died August 15, 1874. Mr. Piercey and his wife are members of
the Presbyterian Church, and he is also a member of the Masonic order,
at Lawson.

W. F. THOMAS.

The subject of this article was born in Clay county, Missouri, Decem-
ber 4, 1836, and at the age of eight years, removed with his parents to
Platte county for about a year, and then to Andrew county, where the

668 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

family lived during two years, and then our subject went to St. Joseph
and commenced learning the saddler trade. After an apprenticeship of
four and a half years, he went to Kansas and engaged at his trade for a
time in Atchison, and then he went to California, and, during the succeed-
ing eight years, traveled through the states and territories on the Pacific
sl©pe, working at mining, and prospecting as he went. He came to Ray
county in 1869, and engaged, during two years, in farming, and then
began working at his trade, at Lawson, and has since built up a very
profitable business at that place. Mr. Thomas was married February 16,
1875, in Andrew county, Missouri, to Miss Carrie Walker, by Reverend
Mr. Cruikshanks. She was born in Andrew county, in May, 1853. They
have one child, Ferdie, born February 13, 1876. Mr. and Mrs. Thomas
are members of the M. E. Church South, and he is a member of Bee-
Hive Lodge, No. 393, A. F. & A. M., at Lawson.

E. M. ROBINETT.

The gentleman whose name heads this article, was born in Greene
county, Illinois, October 9, 1844. When six years of age he removed with
his parents to Macoupin county, Illinois, and lived there until twenty-five
years old, when he came to Missouri and engaged in farming in Clay
county, until 1878, and then came to Ray county. Mr. Robinett was mar-
ried in Clay county, Missouri, December 6, 1870, to Miss Sue H. Claflin,
by Reverend J. V. B. Flack. She was born in Macoupin county, Illinois,
in the month of June, 1853. Mr. and Mrs. Robinett are the parents of
five children, named as follows: Charles J., Mary E., John M., Daisy R.,
and Ada R. Mrs. Robinett is a member of the Baptist Church. Mr.
Robinett is an industrious and thrifty farmer, and a good citizen.

W. A. MILLER.

William A. Miller was born in Stokes county, North Carolina, July 26,
1821, and remained there with his parents until he was sixteen years old,
and then removed to Clay county, Missouri, and lived there until the
spring of 1844, when he came to Ray county, and has lived here ever
since, engaged in farming and stock-raising. He owns a fine farm of four
hundred and fifty-one acres, of excellent tillable land, well improved and
stocked with the best breeds of cattle, sheep and hogs. Mr. Miller payo
careful attention to breeding and raising only the best kinds of live stock.
He was married in Clay county, Missouri, January 4, 1814, to Miss Sallie
McGee, by Rev. John Walker. She was born in Montgomery county,
Kentucky, October 27, 1828. The issue of this marriage was ten chil-
dren, all but three of whom are now living: Ann E., wife of Chas. Bates;
Frederick D., Melvin M., Susan J., Ellen, Emma L., and Eugene. Mr.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 669

Miller is a member of the Christian Church, of the Grange, and Masonic
order. He is a leading stock-raiser and farmer, a good neighbor and a
prominent and valuable citizen.

RANDOLPH McDONALD.

Randolph McDonald was born in Adair county, Kentucky, October 7,
1806, and received his education and attained to his majority there, work-
ing on his father's farm. He was poor, and opportunities and advantages
for young men were meager in the locality where he grew up, and at the
age of twenty-eight years, he determined to leave Kentucky, and seek a
home across the " Father of Waters," in the rich, productive lands of Mis-
souri. Pie settled in Ray county, in the year 1835, and engaged in farm-
ing and stock-raising. By his untiring energv, unfagging industry, strict
economy, and good management he has secured for himself a competency.
He has a fine, large farm of five hundred and sixt}^ acres of prairie and
woodland, handsomely improved, well irrigated, and stocked with good
herds of horses, cattle, hogs, and sheep. Mr. McDonald was married, in
the state of Kentucky, in 1828, to Miss Locky Oxford, by John Gilbert, a
minister of the Baptist Church. Mrs. McDonald was born in the year
1808, in North Carolina. The issue of this union was nine children, viz:
Rosannah, born March 11,1832; Mary Ann, born November 23, 1833;
Jeremiah, born October 16, 1835; Elizabeth, born August 28, 1837; Wil-
liam G., born August 29, 1838; Eliza Jane, born April 26, 1841; Sarah
E., born February 28, 1844; Jacob Randolph, born July 6, 1845; Locky
Emeline, born December 26, 1846. Rosannah, Mary A., and Louisa are
dead. Mrs. McDonald died in the month of December, 1871, and her
death was deeply mourned by her family and large circle of friends and
relatives. Mr. McDonald is a leading member of the Baptist Church.
He has never aspired to any public office, preferring the quiet walks of
private life, and devoting his attention to his farm, and to the support,
careful training, and proper education of his family. Mr. McDonald is a
practical, successful farmer and business man, a good citizen, a consistent
Christian, an agreeable gentleman, and he^enjoys the universal esteem and
respect of the people of his communitv.

A. P. MOSS.

A. P. Moss was born near Versailles, in Woodford county, Kentucky,
in the year 1803. Came to Ray county, Missouri, in 1845, and has since
lived here. He was married in 1823, in his native count)-, to Miss Lucy
Boston, by Rev. William Penny, of the Baptist Church. They became
the parents of eight children. Mr. Moss is a devout member of the
Christian Church, and also belongs to the I. O. O. F. He is an old and
highly respected citizen of Ray county.

670 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

M. R. FOWLER.

M. R. Fowler was born in Randolph county, Missouri, May 4, 1834.
He attended the schools of his father's neighborhood, and grew up on the
farm. At the age of twenty-two years, he came to this county and has
been a farmer and stock-raiser of Ray county ever since. He owns one
thousand and eighty-two acres of valuable land, about one thousand acres
of which is prairie land, and in an excellent state of cultivation, well
watered, and enclosed by good and substantial fencing. He has a hand-
some and conveniently appointed residence, and the farm is additionally
improved by barns, granaries, sheds and other buildings, also a fine,
thrifty bearing orchard. Mr. Fowler is extensively engaged in raising and
feeding cattle and hogs for market. He was married in Ray county, to
Miss Elvira Moss, daughter of A. P. Moss. She was born in Ray
county, Missouri, February 6, 1851. They have six children. Their
names with dates of birth following, viz: Archie P., born March 20, 1866;
Thomas N., born August 28, 1867; Charles P., born January 15, 1870;
Lucy R., born January 15, 1874; Carrie, born June 7, 1876; Fred. D.,
born March 18, 1878. Mr. Fowler is an active and leading member of
the Christian Church, as is also his wife. He is a prominent farmer, and
an influential and valuable citizen.

SAMUEL J. CROWLEY.

Samuel J. Crowley was born near Kearney, Clay county, Missouri,
March 24, 1843. His father, Samuel Crowley, is a native of Campbell
county, Tennessee, came to Clav county and settled there in 1820. Our
subject lived in Clay county until seventeen years of age, and then came
to Ray county and was engaged in farming and stock-raising during ten
years here, and then removed just across the line into his native county,
where he now lives. He has a fine prairie farm of two hundred and forty
acres, in a high state of cultivation, and handsomely improved. Mr.
Crowley was married in Ray county, Missouri, February 11, 1869, to Miss
Louisa A. Misener. Mrs. Crowley was born in this county, February 3,
1849. They are the parents oi three children: Nancy B., born May 21,
1872; Frank P., born March 24,1876; Misener L., born December 17,
1880. Samuel Crowley, Sr., father of our subject, was born November
14, 1786, in east Tennessee, died July 1, 1849. Our subject's mother,
Nancy, was born May 13, 1805, died January 28, 1S75. Mr. Crowley is
a leading, prosperous and highly respected farmer.

S. I. CATES.

S. I. Cates was born in Caldwell county, Missouri, June 7, 1857. He
was educated in his native county, and remained there until the year 1878,
when he came to Ray county, and, establishing himself at the thriving

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 671

town of Lisbonville, opened out a large stock of general merchandise.
By courteous treatment, and fair, honorable dealing with all, he has built
up a large and profitable trade. Mr. Cates was married at Lisbonville,
this county, May 22, 1879, to Miss Carrie Lukey, by Reverend J. C.
Penny, of the Baptist Church. Mrs. Cates was born in Clay county,
Missouri, in the year 1863. They have one child, Elsie, born June 7,
1880. Mr. Cates is an industrious, enterprising, and progressive young
gentleman, and a good business man.

J. H. JAMES, M.D.

Doctor J. H.James was born in Union county, Illinois, August 26. 1843.
and lived there until he attained the age of twenty-three years. He then
removed to Wellington, Missouri, and, after remaining there only a few
months, went to Kansas City, where he remained for a time, engaged in
carpentering, which trade he had acquired in Illinois, at the age of sixteen
years. From Kansas City, he went to Chicago and attended medical
lectures at Rush College during the years 1869-'70. He then came to
Lisbonville, Ray county, and engaged in the practice of medicine until
1875, when he attended lectures again, at Missouri Medical College, St.
Louis. He returned to Lisbonville, and has since built up a large and
profitable practice there. Doctor James was first married in Caldwell
county, Missouri, April, 1873, to Miss Margaret Cates, by Reverend John
Harmon. They had one child, who died in infancy. He was married the
second time, December 2, 1877, to Miss Belle Langford, by Reverend
Carter, at Lisbonville. Mrs. James was born in Caldwell county, Mis-
souri, May 18, 1861. The issue of this marriage has been three children,
all of whom died in infancy. Doctor James is a member of the M. E.
Church South, and Mrs. James of the Missionary Baptist Church.

w. g. Mcdonald.

The subject of this sketch is a native of Rav county, Missouri, born
August 29, 1838, and has lived in the same neighborhood in which he was
born all his life, engaged in farming and stock-raising. Mr. McDonald
owns a fine farm of four hundred acres, three hundred and forty acres of
which are fertile, rolling prairie lands. This farm is well improved, and
inclosed with strong fences. It is in an excellent state of cultivation, and
is very productive. Mr. McDonald is also extensively engaged in raising
fine breeds of live stock. He was married in Caldwell county, Missouri,
in 1859, to Miss Caroline Kelmel, by Reverend John Turnadge, a Baptist
minister. They are the parents of four children: L. S., born March 21,
1860; T. R., born August 21, 1S62; W. W., born December 22, 1864;
M. C, born November 1, 1866. Mr. McDonald is a leading member of
Palo Lodge, No. 232, A. F. & A. M.

672 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

ROBERT G. MILLER. •

Robert Glenn Miller was born in Campbell county, East Tennessee,
August 17, 1810. He came to Ray county and settled in Polk township,
in 1830, where he lived during about fifteen years, and then moved to
Caldwell county, Missouri. During the time he lived in the latter county
he was elected and served as sheriff three terms, and was also a member
of the county court. He also held at different times, several township
offices. December 18, 1879, he returned to Ray county and located at the
town of Vibbard, and is now (April, 1881,) engaged in conducting a hotel
at that place. Mr. Miller was married in East Tennessee, March 1, 1829,
to Miss Rebecca Skidmore, a native of Campbell county, East Tennessee
born July 2, 1811. The issue of this marriage was ten children.
Their names with dates of birth, follow, viz. : David, born November 22,
1829; Catherine E., born September 19, 1832; Hannah, born November
27, 1834: James, born March 9, 1836; Allen L. D., born March 26, 1838;
Isabella ])., born February 14, 1840; Robert G., born April 4, 1842; Lydia
J., born December 19, 1844; John T.,born March 19, 1847; Julia Ann, born
April 10, 1849. Mrs. Miller died August 17th, 1851, and Mr. Miller mar-
ried again May 9, 1852, to Eliza Ann Pollard, by Judge Hawkins Green.
Six children were born of this union, viz.: David A., born April 3, 1853;
Mary F., born September 20, 1>54; Maria J., born March 14, 1858; Ann
E., born February 26, 1859; Rebecca A., born May 11, 1860; Clotilde,
born June 22, 1862. Mrs. Eliza A. Miller died January 20, 1880. The
following named children are also deceased: Catherine E., died January
17, 1835; David, died May 28, 1846; Allen L. D., died May 5, 1858; Mary
F., July 6, 1877; John T., was killed November 30, 1864, at the battle of
Franklin, Tennessee. He was a member of company C, 44th Missouri
infantry, U. S. A. David A. has studied medicine, and intends soon going
to a medical college. He was married May 18, 1881, to Miss Sallie Hill,
by Elder C. S. Bolton. He is a voung gentleman of great promise.

T. R. GANT.

Thomas R. Gant was born in Orange county, North Carolina, March
31, 1836. His parents removed with him to Ray county, Missouri, when
he was but two years of age, and he has spent most of the time since in
this county. He was engaged in farming and stock-raising until about
the year 1872, when he commenced merchandising, and has continued
that business ever since. He is now located at the town of Vibbard, and
with his brothers, is conducting a large store at that place under the title
of T. R. Gant & Bros. They own the fine store building in which they
do business, and are also proprietors of the telephone and hack line
between Vibbard and Excelsior Springs. Messrs. T. R. Gant & Bros, are

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 673

doing a thriving and profitable trade, their sales last year, in the aggregate
amounting to $20,000.00. Mr. Gant was married at Richmond, this
county, to Mrs. Ann E. Green, daughter of Jackson Hughes. She was
born in Ray county, Missouri, April 16, 1839. They became the parents
of five children: Ada F., born December 6, 1869; John N., born June 25,
1871; Anna Lee, born April 4, 1873; Thomas E., born August 23, 1876;
Anna P., born October 6, 1879. Anna Lee and Anna P. are both dead.
Mrs. Gant had two children b}r her former marriage: Mary D., (Green),
born April 18, 1859; Richard, K. (Green), born June 9,1861. Mr. Gant is a
member of Harmony Lodge, No. 384, A. F. & A. M., and his wife is a
member of the M. E. Church South.

A. C. DONOVEN, M. D.

Doctor Andrew C. Donoven was born in Union county, Illinois, June 1,
1849. He came to Missouri in 186S, and after stopping a short time in
Clay county, settled in Ray and has since lived here. He graduated from
Rush Medical College at Chicago, in 1871, and in the spring of the same
year, commenced the practice of his profession. He is a very successful
and popular physician, and enjoys a large and paying practice. Dr. Don-
oven owns a fine large drug store at Vibbard, which he conducts very
profitably, in connection with his practice. The doctor has never been
married. He is a leading member of the M. E. Church South, and a val-
uable citizen of the town of Vibbard.

JOSEPH P. GANT.

Joseph P. Gant was born in Ray county, Missouri, November 7, 1850.
Has lived here during his entire life. He engaged in mercantile business
with his brothers at Vibbard in 1872, and is now a partner in the store,
though at present, (May, 1881), is conducting a stage line between Vib-
bard and Excelsior Springs. Mr. Gant was married March 25, 1879, to
Miss Jennie M. Bissell, by Rev. S. J. HufFaker. Mrs. Gant was born in
Mahoning county, Ohio, May 5, 1856. Mr. Gant is an active, enterpris-
ing young man, and is much esteemed by his numerous friends.

H. A. SCANTLING.

Henry A. Scantling was born in Kansas City, Missouri, February .23,
1849. When he was quite young, his parents removed to Clay countv,
Missouri, and after living there for fifteen years, to Clinton county, Mis-
souri, where our subject engaged in merchandising for two years and
then came in the month of August, 1880, to Vibbard, Ray county, and
has since conducted a general merchandise store in that place. He enjoys
the confidence and respect of the community and is largelv patronized in

674 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

his business. Mr. Scantling was married in Clinton county, Missouri, in
1873, to Miss Susan McRosey, by Rev. E. Rozelle'. Mrs. Scantling was
born in Clay county, Missouri, March 20, 1854. Three children have
been born of this union: Sarah M., born October 27, 1874; Leota, born
December 25, 1876; Linney B., born December 16, 1879. Mr. and Mrs.
Scantling are consistent members of the M. E. Church South.

J. M. C. TROUT.

James M. C. Trout was born in Roanoke county, Virginia, (now West
Virginia), February 16, 1850, and lived there until he was seventeen years
old, and then came to Missouri, and after stopping for a short time in Clay
and then in Clinton counties, to Ray county, where he resided until 1874,
and then went to Texas. After spending about nine months in the Lone
Star state, he came back to this county and settled on the farm where he
now resides. He has been engaged in farming and stock-raising the
greater part of his life. Mr. Trout was married in Ray county, this state,
in 1870, to Miss Sirenia Taylor, by Rev. Mr. Montgomery. Mr. Trout
was born in this county in the year 1S50. The issue of this union was
two children, but one of whom, Eliza, born March 24, 1873, is living.
Mrs. Trout died October 16, 1875, and our subject was again married in

1879, to Viola Utt. They have one child, Noah R., born October 16,

1880. Mr. Trout is an industrious, enterprising and well-to-do farmer
and a good citizen.

A. P. SWICKARD.

Andrew P. Swickard was born in the state of Ohio, August 29, 1855.
Removed with his parents to Ray county, Missouri, in 1858, and has lived
here ever since, occupied in farming from the time he was large enough
to work. Mr. Swickard was married in this county February 24, 1877,
to Miss Nancy Jane Cleavenger, by Rev. O. D. Hyder. Mrs. Swickard
was born in Rav county, Missouri, March 14, 1856. Three children have
been born of this union, only one of whom, Charles Bradford, born Sep-
tember 27, 1878, is now living. Mr. Swickard is an industrious, active and
energetic farmer, and a good citizen.

W. H. BROCK.

William H. Brock was born in Ray county, Missouri, August 5, 1854,
and has spent his life to the present time here. He was reared on a farm,
and was engaged in farming until January, 1881, when he commenced
dealing in hardware, agricultural implements and lumber, at the town of
Lawson. Mr. Brock was married in this county, October 9, 1879, to Miss
Mary A. Barbee. She was born in Ray county, Missouri, May 31, 1863.
They became the parents of one child: Willie F., born July 27, 1880,

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 675

died September 18, 1880. Mrs. Brock died September 17, 1880. Mr.
Brock is doing a good business, and enjoys the respect of the community.

WESLEY M. ALLISON.

Wesley M. Allison was born in Greenfield, Dade county, Missouri,
September 19, 1846. He remained in his native county until fifteen years
old, and then came to Richmond, Ray county, and entered the store of
Thomas Casey in the capacity of clerk. He remained in the employ of
Mr. Casey and others until 1868, when he commenced business, on his
own account at Millville. He conducted his store at Millville for eight
years, and then sold out, and going again to Richmond, entered into a
co-partnership with Jacob Mann, and they continued merchandising at
Richmond under the firm name of Mann & Allison, until 1870, when our
subject sold out his interest in the business, and going to Lawson estab-
lished himself in business in that lively little city, and has since remained
there. Mr. Allison was married at Richmond, Missouri, in 1868, to Miss
Mary L. Brown, daughter of Col. B. J. Brown, by Rev. G. W. Hand.
They have six children, viz: Flora B., born January 11, 1869; Charles
H., born January 9, 1871; Arden D., born January 12, 1873; Lillian, born
March 12, 1875; Carl S., born March 24, 1877; Carrie, born August 29,
1878. Mr. Allison is a member of the M. E. Church South, and also of
Bee-Hive Lodge No. 393, A. F. & A. M. He has held the office of
notary public for ten years in this county. By polite and gentlemanly
bearing, fair and equal treatment of all, Mr. Allison has become deservedly
popular as a merchant, and highly respected as a man and citizen.

EDWARD P. TIFFIN.

Edward P. Tiffin was born in Ross countv, Ohio, November 24, 1839.
At the age of five years he came with his parents to Ray county, Mis-
souri, and settled in the town of Knoxville. He has lived in the vicinity
of that place ever since. Mr. Tiffin owns 1,500 acres of excellent land,
all under fence, and about 1,000 acres in a fine state of cultivation and
productiveness. These lands are improved with good houses, barns, and
other buildings; are well irrigated by running streams of pure water,
besides ponds, wells, and springs, for the accommodation of stock. They
are diversified by groves, green pastures, fertile fields, and thrifty orchards
and gardens, yielding abundantly of fruit and vintage. The broad roll-
ing pastures are filled with the best breeds of horses, cattle, hogs, and
sheep, and the whole estate, in its appearance and the completeness of its
appointments and arrangement, evinces the masterly management and
sound judgment of its owner. Mr. Tiffin was married in this county in
the year 1861, to Miss Margaret Campbell, a native of Jackson county,

676 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

Missouri, born in 1846. The issue of this union was four children, two
of whom only are now living: Mary F. and Aeda.

WILLIAM G. ESTILL.

William G. Estill was born in Clinton county, Missouri, January 16,
1860, where he lived until 1877, and then went to Liberty, Clay county,
Missouri, and engaged as clerk in a dry goods store for two years. At
the expiration of that time he came to Vibbard, this county, and engaged
as clerk and salesman in Doctor Donoven's drug store, commencing at
the same time the study of medicine under the instruction of Doctor Don-
oven. During the winter of 1880-81 he attended lectures at the Missouri
Medical College, St. Louis, and intends completing the course and grad-
uating from the same institution. He is a young man of good character,
with steady, studious habits, and the prospect of his future is one of
great promise.

J. F. SPENCER.

Joel F. Spencer was born in Sullivan county, Missouri, September 17,
1845, and lived there until he was eighteen years of age, and then trav-
eled for several years through different states and territories of the west.
He came back to Linn county, Missouri, and lived there for three years,
during which time he learned, and worked at the trade of a carpenter.
He came to Ray county in the year 1870, and has lived here ever since.
He is now located at Vibbard, and is dealing in furniture in addition to
his carpentering business. Mr. Spencer was first married in Linn county,
in the year 1866, to Elizabeth James. One child, Demaris, was born of
this union, June 22, 1867, Mrs. Spencer died March 1, 1S75, and our
subject was again married in 1877, to Sarah J. Goodman. They have
two children: Bertha, born February 14, 1879, and an infant, yet
unnamed, born October 2, 1880. Mr. Spencer and his wife are members
of the Christian Union Church.

W. J. SCANTLING.

William J. Scantling was born in Clay county, Missouri, September 8,
1845, and lived there until the age of twenty years, when he went to
Clinton county, Missouri, and engaged there in farming until 1877, when
he began to work in a flouring and saw mill. He continued in that busi-
ness till 1S80, and then came to Ray county, and located at Vibbard,
where he is now working at the blacksmithing trade. Mr. Scantling
was married in Clinton county, Missouri, in 1867, to Miss Mary A. Rog-
ers, by Rev. G. S. Huffaker. Mrs. Scantling was born in Platte county,
Missouri, in the month of October, 1847. The issue of this marriage
has been five children: Alice E., born July 12, 1869; John H., born Octo-

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 677

ber 21, 1870; Lewis J., born August 8, 1873; William B., bom Novem-
ber 23, 1875; Franklin P., born August 29, 1878. Both Mr. Scantling
and his wife are members of the M. E. Church South.

ELIAS HIGHTOWER.

Elias Hightower was born in Ray county, Missouri, November 5, 1832.
His father, Joseph Hightower, was born near Charleston, South Carolina,
in the year 1812, and when eighteen years old, went to Virginia, and from
there to East Tennessee where he was married to Miss Elizabeth Cleav-
enger, a native of that state. He came to Ray county, Missouri, in the
year 1828, and settled near the old town of Bluffton. He subsequently
removed to a farm near Fredericksburg, upon which he died, in Septem-
ber, 1869. His wife (Elizabeth), is still living on the old homestead in this
county, at the age of sixty-seven years. Elias Hightower attended the
schools of his father's neighborhood during the winter, and worked on
the farm in summer until he attained his majority, and then began farming
on his own account. With the exception of about four years, he lived in
Caldwell county, and two years spent in California, he has always resided
in Ray county. He settled on the farm he now occupies, in the year
1856. He owns, (besides two hundred acres in the state of Kansas), a
fine farm of two hundred and eighty-six acres, one hundred and sixty
acres of which are in cultivation. This farm is inclosed by good, strong
fences, is well improved, and supplied with an abundance of pure water,
a fine, thrifty orchard, and everything necessary to the successful man-
agement of a model farm. Mr. Hightower is giving attention also to
raising the best breeds of live stock. He was first married in 1855, to
Miss Nancy Ann Wyman, daughter of Christian Wyman, of Ray county.
One child, Nancy A., (now wife of Thomas P. Montfort), was born of
this union, July 3, 1856. Mrs. Hightower died the same year, and our
subject was again married in January, 1857, to Mary F. Wyman, by Rev.
Samuel Cleavenger. She was born in Ray county, Missouri, October 5,
1842. They became the parents of ten children, six of whom are now
living: Cornelia J., born July 23, 1857; Harriet C, born August li, 1859;
Mariah E., born June 2, 1866; Robert E., born March 4, 1869; Mary M.,
born January 24, 1871; Oran L., born August 8, 1873; William A., born
August 13, 1861, died April 22, 1862; Colona A., born February 27, 1865,
died August 28, 1865; Fanny E., born August 11, 1859, died June 11,
1872; Ninon A., born August 30, 1876, died January 3, 1878. Mr. High-
tower is a leading member of the Missionary Baptist Church, and of
Harmony Lodge, No. 384, A. F. & A. M. He is a leading farmer, a
prominent and useful citizen, and a man universally respected and
esteemed by all who know him.

678 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY

LEVI A. HOLMAN.

Levi A. Holman is a native of Rav county, Missouri, born January 24,
1843, and has lived in the county all his life except the time he was absent
in the 1 ite civil war. He enlisted, in the fall of 1862, in company F,
tenth Missouri cavalry, and served until the close of the war. He partic-
ipated in the battles of Cherokee Valley, Tupelo, Corinth, Selma and a
number of others. He was discharged in June, 1865, and returned to his
home in this county, and resumed his former business of farming and
stock raising. Mr. Holman was married, December 28, 1865, to Miss
Mary Teegarden, a native also of this county, born July 31, 1846. The
issue of this marriage has been six children: Celia C, born April 21,
1867; Hardy, born March 21, 1869; Fanny B., born November 24, 1871;
James, born January 9, 1873; Nancy, born December 9, 1878; Julia, born
December 24, 1880. Mr. Holman and his wife are both members of the
Christian Union Church, and he is a member also, of the Farmers' Club,
Mr. Holman is a prosperous farmer and a valuable and leading citizen.

GEORGE A. GORDON, M. D.

Was born in Todd county, Kentucky, on the 28th day of October,
1822. He began the study of medicine in the year 1845, with Dr. Vaugh.
of Todd county, Kentucky, as his preceptor, and graduated from the
Louisville Medical College in 1848, with the degree of Doctor of Medi-
cine. He came to this county in 1850, and has practiced his profession
with good success here, ever since. Dr. Gordon was married in Ray
county, Missouri, in 1851, to Miss Martitia Hargrave, by Rev. D. H.
McClure. Mrs. Gordon was born in Alamance county, North Carolina,
in 1830. Three children were born of this marriage: Howard S., born
August 2, 1852; George A., born May 11, 1861; Mary A., born August
8, 1863, died August 11, 1864. Dr. Gordon is a member of the Masonic
fraternity. He is now located at the town of Vibbard, this county, where
he owns valuable property. His practice is very extensive, and his atten-
tion is entirely given to it. He is an able and popular physician and lead-
ing citizen.

THOMAS A. SLOAN.

Thomas A. Sloan was born in Bledsoe county, Tennessee, August 28,
1848. He came, with his parents, to Ray county, Missouri, in the year
1853, and has had his home here ever since, and has been engaged chiefly
in farming. Mr. Sloan enlisted, May 2, 1862, in company A, 3d Missouri
cavalry, Captain Elliott, Colonel King, and General Schofield command-
ing, and served during the remainder of the war. He was captured by
General Jo. Shelby's men, at Neosho, Missouri, and taken to Little Rock,

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 679

Arkansas, and paroled. He returned to his regiment, and was subse-
quently captured by a guerrilla band, under Captain Johnson, but suc-
ceeded in making his escape, and rejoining his comrades the night follow-
ing his capture. He participated in the battles of Lone Jack, Springfield,
Cane Hill, Camden, Little Rock, Ft. Smith, Van Buren, Pilot Knob, and
others. He was discharged, May 11, 1866, at Fort Leavenworth, Kan-
sas. Mr. Sloan was married, June 21, 1868, in Ray count)-, Missouri, to
Miss Susan M. McGaugh, by Reverend D. H. McClure. Mrs. Sloan
was born in Warren county, Missouri, April 15th, 1846. They are the
parents of three children: Joseph S., born April 15, 1869; William H.,
born July 4, 1871; Frederick H., born July 10, 1874. Mrs. Sloan is a
member of the M. E. Church South. Mr. Sloan located at Vibbard, Sep-
tember 1, 1880, and opened a livery stable in that place, which he is at
present (April, 1881) conducting. He is a very popular gentleman, and a
useful citizen of Vibbard.

JOSHUA B. GANT.

Joshua Butler Gant is a native of Ray county, Missouri, born April 15,
1848. He was reared on a farm and engaged, after growing up, in farm-
ing, until the age of twenty-nine years, when he and his brothers entered
the mercantile business at the town of Vibbard, Ray county. This business
they have ever since conducted, and now have a nourishing trade besides
owning the handsome store house in which their stock is kept, and other
valuable property in Vibbard. Mr. J. B. Gant is a practical experienced
business man, a good citizen and a valuable member of the community in
which he lives.

S. N. CROWLEY.

Samuel L. Crowley was born in Ray county, Missouri, May 20, 1850.
He grew upon his father's farm, which was the present site of the town of
Vibbard, and has spent the greater part of his past life here, engaged for
the greater time in buying and shipping live stock to market. From
1873 to 1879 he lived in Vernon county, Missouri, occupied in farming
and dealing in stock. He returned to Ray county in 1879, and is now
located at Vibbard, where he owns and operates a large flouring and saw
mill, and his business is in a highly prosperous condition. Mr. Crowley
was married in the month of June, 1869, in Vernon county, Missouri, to
Miss Fannie Hughes, by Rev. W. Ditzler. She was born in Ray county,
Missouri, May 27, 1851. The issue of this union has been four children:
James W., born April 9, 1872; Eugene, born January 9, 1874; Robert
and Frank dead. Mr. Crowley is a member of Harmony Lodge,
No. 384, A. F. & A. M., and his wife is a member of the Christian Union
Church. Mr. Crowley is a man of great energy, industry and enterprise

680 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

in business, and he has, in consequence, been more than ordinarily suc-
cessful. He is respected and esteemed for his many excellent qualities as
a man and a citizen, by all who knew him.

THOMAS H. LILE.

Thomas H. Lile was born in Warren county, Missouri, January 1,
1845, and at the age of ten years came with his parents to Ray county,
and has had his home here ever since. He enlisted in 1861, in company
B, 3d Missouri regiment of volunteers, but was soon afterward trans-
ferred to the 6th Missouri, commanded by Colonel Catherwood. He
served during three years and was discharged at St. Louis, in 1864. He
participated in the battles of Springfield, Lone Jack, Pineville and Syca-
more, Arkansas, besides many skirmishes. Mr. Lile was married in 1871,
in Ray county, to Miss Mary Meyers, a native of this county, born Sep-
tember 17, 1847. They became the parents of five children: Matthew
W., born August 22, 1872; Robert, born January, 1874; Etta May, born
March 1, 1879; Henry T. and George E. dead. Mr. Lile and wife are
members of the Christian Union Church, and he is also a member of the
Farmers' Club. He owns a neat, well cultivated farm, and is very popu-
lar among his neighbors, the respect of whom he enjoys.

STEPHEN SAVAGE.

Stephen Savage was born at New-castle-upon-Tyne, England, April
29, 1842. He came to the United States at the age of twenty years, and
enlisted in company A, Fifth New York artillery, and rose from the rank
of a private to that of seeond lieutenant. He was discharged at Har-
per's Ferry, Virginia, in I860. He was in the battles of Piedmont, first
and second Winchester, Snicker's Gap, and others. Was twice wounded.
After the war he was engaged at the watchmaking trade, in New York
city, and afterwards in different places in Illinois. He was married
December 31, 1870, in Illinois, to Miss Anna LaPlaunt, a native of St.
Joseph, Missouri, born May 16, 1849. They became the parents of four
children. Mr. Savage and wife are members of the Baptist Church.
He is now located, engaged at his trade, in Vibbard.

J. R. HOLMAN.

James R. Holman was born in Ray county, Missouri, August 15, 1S49.
After finishing the common school course here, our subject attended col-
lege at Columbia, Missouri, and subsequently took a commercial course
at St. Louis. Mr. Holman has been dealing in stock during the past
fifteen years, and is now, perhaps, the largest shipper in the county. He
owns one thousand acres of land, about four hundred acres in the
prairie, all fenced, handsomely improved, and stocked with the best

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HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 681

breeds of horses, cattle, sheep and hogs. He is one of the most promi-
nent and successful farmers in Ray county. Mr. Holman was married,
in 1808, in this county, to Miss Eliza Lanier. The issue of this union
was one child. Mrs. Holman died in 1872, and our subject was again
married, March 11, 1874, to Miss Martha Johnson, by Rev. Hardy Hol-
man. They have one child. Mr. Holman is a member of the Masonic
fraternity, and a highly respected and influential citizen.

JOHN KNIGHT.

Was born in the county of Mayo, Ireland, May 16, 1817. Came to the
United States in 1840, landing at Baltimore. He settled in the Shenan-
doah Valley, Virginia, where he lived until 1855, and then removed to
Boone county, Kentucky. From Kentucky he came to Missouri, in 1857
or '58, and stopped first in Macon county, where he secured a contract on
the Hannibal & St. Joe railroad. He worked on the railroad also in
Platte county, and then engaged in building a turnpike road. He came
to Vibbard, this county, where he now lives, in 1876. Mr. Knight was
married in Shenandoah county, Virginia, in 1850, to Miss Catharine Jen-
kins, a native of Shenandoah county, Virginia, born in 1830. They
became the parents of nine children, six of whom are now living: Mary
J., born May 16, 1852; William, born Decernber 16, 1853; Ellen, born
December 26, 1856; Michael and Amanda, twins, born June 4, 1860;
Annie, born November 11, 1868.

WILLIAM KNIGHT.

William Knight was born in Rockingham county, Virginia, December
16, 1853. He left his native state, when quite young, with his parents,
and lived for a time in Kentucky, then in Macon and Clinton counties,
Missouri. He came to Ray county in 1876, and settled at the town of
Vibbard, where he is now engaged, very successfully, in business.

JOHN W. TURNER.

John W. Turner was born in Clay county, Missouri, July 25, 1843, and
has lived there all his life, except two years, spent at Denver, Colorado.
He owns a very valuable farm, just across the Ray county line, well
improved and in a fine state of cultivation, with an abundance of water
for stock, and a good bearing orchard. This farm is parti}- in the prairie,
with just enough timber to afford material for buildings, fences and fuel.
Mr. Turner is very extensively engaged in buying and shipping cattle,
hogs and sheep to market. His business extends through the counties of
Ray, Clay, Clinton and Caldwell. By his good management and excel-
lent judgment, he has made the stock-dealing branch of his business very
43

682 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY

profitable and successful. By an accident in the summer of 1867, Mr.
Turner had the misfortune to lose his left arm. While carrying a sharp
. scythe, on a mule, the animal took fright and threw him, cutting his wrist
so severely on the scythe as to necessitate amputation of the arm below
the elbow. Mr. Turner is a leading member of the M. E. Church South,
and an honorable, highly respected and influential citizen.

JAMES T. HURT.

The subject of this sketch was born in Ray county, Missouri, October
12, 1849, and has lived here all the time during his past life. He was
engaged in farming prior to 1870, when he began merchandising at Law-
son in company with Mr. Robert Clark. In 1876, he bought a store in
Lisbonville and lived there for four years, at the expiration of which time
he returned to Lawson, and in the beginning of 1881, entered in partner-
ship with Mr. Allison, forming the firm' of Allison & Hurt, dealers in gen-
eral merchandise. Mr. Hurt was married December 15, 1874, to Miss
Allie E. Crithfield, by Rev. W. C. Campbell. Mrs. Hurt was born
November 22, 1849, in Ray county. The issue of this marriage has been
three children: Austin, born May 22, 1876; Thomas, born October 21,
1878; Arthur, died in infancy. Mrs. Hurt died February 10, 1881, deeply
mourned by her friends and relatives. Mr. Hurt is a member of the M.
E. Church and also of the Masonic order.

J. B. TOMPSON.

Was born in Ray county, Missouri, February 4, 1859, and has lived
there all his life, engaged, since he was old enough to work, in farming.
Mr. Tompson was married in this county, in 1879, to Miss Susan Glass-
cock, by Rev. Hardy Holman. Mrs. Tompson was born August 26, I860,
in Ray county, Missouri. She is a member of the Christian Union
Church. Mr. Tompson is a member of the Farmers' Club, and owns a
neat, pleasant home of ninety-six acres, and is an industrious, rising young
husbandman, with a promising start in life.

J. R. BERTEN.

John R. Berten was born in Caldwell county, Missouri, February 26,
1857. He is the son of Thomas J. and Celia (Cravens) Berten, who
were married at Knoxville, this county, in 1843, by Solomon Cravens, J.
P., and became the parents of a family of eight children, five boys and
three girls. When John was yet a small boy his parents removed to Ray
county, Missouri, where he was reared on a farm and has since lived.
He removed to the town of Lawson, 1873, where he now lives, engaged
in the livery stable busiuess. At the age of eight years, Mr. Berten had

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 683

a severe fever, which left him a permanent cripple. He has a good Eng-
lish education and is fond of books and study. He is a very popular
voung gentleman and enjoys the esteem of all who know him.

WILLIAM HANNAS.

William Hannas was born in Hampshire county, West Virginia, Octo-
ber 8, 1836, and lived there until the age of twenty-two years, when he
removed to Green county, Ohio, and remained there five years. He then
went to Pike county, Illinois, and lived there about the same length of
time. In 1870, he came to Missouri, and settling in Carroll county,
remained there until April, 1881, when he came to this county. He has
been a life-long farmer. He owns two hundred and sixty acres of land,
principally prairie, well fenced and cultivated, improved with a good resi-
dence, barn and other buildings and bearing a neat, prosperous appear-
ance. Mr. Hannas was married in West Virginia, in the year 1859, to
Miss Mary M. Williams, a native of Hampshire county, Virginia, born
May 26, 1842. The issue of this marriage has been the following named
children, viz: Philip W., born September 2, 1860; Edgar, born July 6,
1864; Mordacai, born February 27, 1866; Mollie, born December 5, 1869;
Daniel A., born April 27, 1871; Rosa E., born September 30, 1874; Mar-
garet, born October 26, 1S76; Virginia, born February 19, 1879. Daniel
Hannas, the father of our subject, was born in Hampshire county, Virginia,
in October, 1812, died January, 1875. Jacob Williams, the father of Mrs.
Hannas, was born in Frederick county, Virginia, January 7, 1792. Mr.
Hannas is a successful farmer and an active, influential citizen.

JOSEPH A. SMITH.

Joseph Addison Smith was born in Guilford county, North Carolina,
September 23, 1822. His parents removed to Ray county, Missouri, in
1838, settling within two miles of where Mr. Smith now resides. Here
our subject lived, occupied with duties on his father's farm, until 1846,
when he enlisted in company C, 1st Missouri cavalry, under Col. A. W.
Doniphan, for the war with Mexico. From Leavenworth, Kansas, the
1st Missouri marched to Santa Fe, and thence across the Rio Grande
river into Mexico. Mr. Smith served twelve months, and was discharged
at the old Mexican town of Monterey. He participated in the battles of
Brazito (near El Paso, New Mexico,) Sacramento, marched to Chihua-
hua, and thence to Monterey, where he was detailed to the care of the
sick, and remained while his regiment marched on, to be discharged at
New Orleans. After the war, Mr. Smith returned to this county, and
commenced improving a farm on the open prairie, which at that time was
not settled and hardly thought to be habitable, building a small log cabin
where his residence now stands. His friends wondered at his going so

684 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

far away on the prairie, and ridiculed the idea of improving a farm in
that wild and untried region. But he was not dissuaded from his pur-
pose, and in time made those lands, that were regarded with so much dis-
favor then, to "blossom as the rose." But this was not a speedy trans-
formation. There were long years of labor and cultivation before the
place assumed its present prosperous and thrifty appearance and condi-
tion. For years his lone cabin, standing in bold relief on a high ridge,
served as a guide and a landmark for travelers crossing the prairies.
Mr. Smith was married in Grundy county, Missouri, December 18, 1849,
to Miss Catherine Miller, by Reverend William McCameron. Mrs. Smith
is the daughter of Judge Jesse and Mercy Ann Miller. She was born in
Franklin county, Ohio, January 12, 1832, and came to Missouri, with her
parents, at the age of eight years. Mr. and Mrs. Smith have eleven
children, viz: Joseph C, born October 2, 1851; William W., born
November 1, 1853; Nora J., born October 23, 1855; James A., born
November 15, 1857; Victoria, born January 8, 1860; Maggie S., born
March 16, 1862; Clement L. V., born August 4, 1864; Stephen D., born
January 1, 1867; Angie S., born March 20, 1869; David C, born August
24, 1871; Mary M., born October 16, 1874. Mr. Smith owns 955 acres
of excellent land, 700 acres of prairie land, enclosed by good, substantial
fences, and in a high state of cultivation, with a large, thrifty orchard,
bearing abundantly many of the best varieties of fruit. His residence, a
large, handsome brick structure, is situated upon a high, rolling plateau,
commanding a view of the towns of Lawson and Vibbard, with the sur-
rounding country for miles away. He also has good, roomy, well-
arranged convenient barns, sheds, and granaries, for the shelter of stock,
feed, grain, and farming implements. Mr. and Mrs. Smith are members
of the Old School Presbyterian Church, at Lawson. He has been an
elder and an active, leading member of that church for eighteen years.
When Mr. Smith first came to this county there was an abundance of
deer and other game here, and in his youth he was a great hunter, and
had many interesting experiences in the chase. Joseph A. Smith is one
of the most highly respected and prominent citizens of the county.

ROBERT H. FINCH.

Robert H. Finch was born in Bourbon county, Kentucky, January 7,
1827, and lived there until the age of twenty-two years, when he came to
Missouri, and settled in Ray county. In 1849 he made a trip to Cali-
fornia, in quest of gold, but after remaining there during one year,
returned to this county, and has lived here ever since. Mr. Finch owns
nine hundred acres of valuable land, six hundred acres in the prairie,
under fence, well cultivated, with an abundance of pasture land and pure
water, for the accommodation of stock. His farm is improved with a

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 685

fine large frame house, good barns, and other buildings, and two large,
thrifty, bearing orchards. He is engaged extensively in dealing in stock,
and devotes special attention to breeding and raising only the best varie-
ties. Mr. Finch was married in this county, December 8, 1856, to Mary
B. Brown, by Rev. John Walker. Mrs. Finch was born in Warren
count)-, Missouri, February 25, 1831, and came with her parents to Ray
county, in 1835. Mr. Finch and his estimable lady are leading members
of the Old School Presbyterian Church. He is also a member of Bee-
Hive lodge, No. 393, A. F. & A. M., and was a charter member when
the lodge was organized, and received the honorable distinction of being
elected to the office of W. M. by his brethren. Mr. Finch .is one of the
most prominent and prosperous farmers and stock dealers of this section
of the country. He is an upright, fair-minded, honorable gentleman, and
a useful and highly respected citizen.

C. P. WRIGHT.

Cornelius P. Wright was born in Cumberland county, Kentucky, Jan-
uary 23, 1833. In 1850 he learned the trade of a house and sign painter,
in Burksville, Kentucky, and has pursued that calling ever since. At the
age of twenty-one years he immigrated to Missouri, and located in Platte
county, where he lived, engaged at his trade, during fourteen years. In
1868 he came to this county, and still lives here. He is located in busi-
ness at Lawson, where he owns a good house and lot. Mr. Wright was
married May 17, 1860, in Platte county, Missouri, to Miss Martha A.
Shaw, a native of Cumberland county, Kentucky, born in the year 1843.
Mr. and Mrs. Wright have five children: Arabella A., born June 24,
1861; Quintilla J., born October 5, 1864; Lewis G., born August 29,
1866; Minnie, born December 24, 1872; Elizabeth A., born December 9,
1874. Mr. and Mrs. Wright, with their three eldest children, are mem-
bers of the M. E. Church South, and Mr. Wright is also a member of
Bee-Hive lodge. No. 393, A. F. & A. M., at Lawson, and belongs to
the organization of Knights of Honor. During the late civil war he
served about eight months in the 82d regiment of Missouri state militia.
He has filled the office of justice of the peace, in Platte and this county,
for fourteen years. Mr. Wright is a good painter, and is doing a fine
business.

J. H. RAUM.

Joseph H. Raum was born in Cumberland county, Pennsylvania,
November 13, 1S20. He was educated and grew to manhood's estate in
his native county. In 1847, he went to Washington county, Pennsylvania,
but remaining only three years, returned to Cumberland county, and in
1868, emigrated to Missouri and settled in Ray county. Mr. Raum owned

686 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

the land upon which the town of Lawson is situated, and its location is due
to his liberality in donating land to the railroad company whose line runs
through the town. Mr. Raum was married in Cumberland county, Penn-
sylvania, in 1852, to Miss Henrietta Hawk, a native of Franklin county,
born January 13, 1827. Her parents were Jonathan and Mary Hawk,
natives of Pennsylvania. The issue of this marriage was five children :
Clara, born November 13, 1853, now the wife of Emerman; Kansas, born
October 26, 1856; Lansing, December 23, 1858; Bird, born October 25,
1865. Mr. Raum and wife are leading members of the Old School Pres-
byterian Church. He is now proprietor and manager of the Lawson
hotel, and keeps a good house, which receives the patronage of the travel-
ng public.

JOHN CROWLEY.

John Crowley was born, August 10, 1828, in Clay county, Missouri.
His parents were John and Sarah (Mayo) Crowley. His father was born
in the state of Alabama, February 2, 1792; died September 29, 1877.
His mother was born in Tennessee, October 10, 1797; died September
10, 1851. His grandfather, James Crowley, was a soldier in the war for
American independence, and was present at the surrender of Cornwallis
at Yorktown. Berry Crowley (great-grandfather of John) was a
native of England. He was killed in a battle with the Indians, on the
Ohio river, in Kentucky, at a very early day. The subject of this sketch
lived in Clay county, working on his father's farm until the age of twenty-
six years, when he went to California. He started on this long journey
from St. Joseph, Missouri, May 4, 1853, in company with his brother,
Thomas Crowley, and four hired men, to help drive their cattle, and
spent about four and a half months in a tedious overland trip, arriving in
California, September 16. After spending about two years in the "Golden
State," Mr. Crowley took passage on a steamship, at San Francisco,
February 14, 1855, for the Isthmus, crossed among the first passengers
on the railroad across Panama, and sailed from Aspinwall to Cuba, and
thence to New Orleans. From there he came home by river, arriving
March 31, 1855. In 1856 he removed to this county, and has lived here
ever since. He owns nine hundred and seventy acres of land, seven hun-
dred acres in cultivation, well fenced, and in a fine state of productiveness.
This farm is improved, with one of the handsomest and most conveniently
arranged dwelling houses in that section of the county, besides barns and
other buildings. Mr. Crowley is a thoroughly practical and thrifty
farmer, and the excellent condition of his farm is an evidence of his good
management and industry. He is largely engaged in dealing in live-
stock, and devotes much attention to raising the best breeds. Mr. Crow-
ley was married, in Clinton county, Missouri, February 2, 1858, to Miss

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 687

Ann Fuller, by Reverend E. M. Martin, of the Methodist Church. Mrs.
Crowley is the daughter of Andrew and Mary Fuller. She was born in
Clinton county, Missouri, April 6, 1833. Mr. and Mrs. Crowley are the
parents of nine children, viz: Charles, born January 15, 1859; Sallie M.,
October 11,1860; Elizabeth ]., September 17,1862; Albert, September
15, 1864; John C, February 27, 1S67; Frank T., October 9, 1869; Ann
May, January 27, 1872; George W. and Claude C, twins, born Decem-
ber 20, 1871. Mr. Crowley and his wife are active, prominent mem-
bers of the M. E. Church South, and he is also a leading member of
Bee-Hive Lodge, No. 3P3, A. F. & A. M. He is highly esteemed and
respected, by all who know him, for his many excellent qualities as a man
and a citizen.

JOHN H. GOODMAN.

John H. Goodman was born December 29, 1837, in Henry county, Vir-
ginia, and remained at home there until the commencement of the civil
war. He enlisted in the 10th regiment of Virginia volunteers, Confeder-
ate army, and was in the battles of Seven Pines, Norfolk, and others.
After the close of the war, Mr. Goodman emigrated to Missouri, and set-
tled in Ray county, where he has since resided. He owns a small, neat,
well cultivated farm, under good fence, and improved, with a comfortable
dwelling house and other buildings. His principal business is dealing in
live stock. He is extensively engaged in buying stock in this and adjoin-
ing counties, which he ships to eastern markets. He is well and favora-
bly known throughout a wide extent of country, and has the confidence
and respect, in a large degree, of the people. Mr. Goodman was married
in Virginia, November 3, 1858, to Miss Sarah F. McDonald. Thev
have eight children. Mr. Goodman is a leading member of Bee-Hive
Lodge, No. 393, A. F. & A. M.

WILLIAM EARHART.

William Earhart was born August 25, 1844, in Cambria county, Penn-
sylvania, and received his education and learned the carpenter's trade
there. At the age of nineteen years, he emigrated to Missouri, and set-
tled in Buchanan county, where he worked at his trade during four years,
and then removed to Lathrop, Clinton county, Missouri. He remained
in the business of contractor and builder at Lathrop for six years, and
then, in 1877, came to Lawson, this county, where he is now engaged in
the same avocation. Mr. Earhart's business is very prosperous, and he
keeps six carpenters employed under him to meet the demand for build-
ing. He was married in Buchanan county, in 1806, to Miss Sarah M.
Guinn, daughter of Peter and Sarah B. Guinn, natives of Kentucky. She
was born in Buchanan county, Missouri, in July, 1853. They are the

688 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

parents of three children: Emma A., born July 8, 1871; Lida, born
December 5, 1875; Jessie, born December 8, 1878. Mr. Earheart and his
wife are members of the Baptist Church. His popularity as a man and
his efficiency and ability as a workman, are well attested by the large and
lucrative patronage he receives.

JEDEDIAH SMITH.

The subject of this sketch was born in Guilford county, North Caro-
lina, in the year 1792. He was married in his native state in 1819, to Miss
Jane Close, daughter of Joseph and Susan Close, natives of North Carolina.
Mrs. Smith was born in Guilford county, North Carolina, October 20,
1802. During the war of 1812, Mr. Smith served in the North Carolina
militia. He emigrated to Missouri and settled in Ray county in the year
1838, and engaged in farming and stock raising. Mr. and Mrs. Smith
became the parents of the following named children: John Calvin,
Joseph Addison, Susan Ann, William Washington and Margaret E. J.
Mr. Smith was an elder in the O. S. Presbyterian Church for many
years. He died in September, 1869. He was a highly respected citizen,
and a devout and active Christian. Mrs. Smith is yet living on the old
homestead.

W. W. SMITH.

William W. Smith was born May 5, 1827, in Guilford county, North
Carolina. He is the son of Jedediah and Jane (Close) Smith, natives of
North Carolina. In 1838 William, in company with his parents, removed
to Ray county, Missouri, and settled near where he now resides. In
1845 our subject returned to Tennessee, and finished his education at
Mount Pleasant College, Murray county, after which he came back to
this county, and in 1850, went, with a party of neighboring young menf
to California. They made the trip with mule teams, and were on the
road from the 10th of April until the 6th day of July, following. They
mined awhile, and kept a provision store for a time, and withal made it
pay pretty well. After staying in California one year, Mr. Smith sailed
from San Francisco by way of the Isthmus of Panama and New Orleans,
for home, which he reached in the spring of 1851, and has lived here ever
since, engaged in trading, farming and stock raising. He owns two
thousand acres of excellent land, the greater part of which is in cultiva-
tion. He has one thousand acres in the home place, which is hand-
somely improved by a fine, large dwelling house of fourteen rooms, well
furnished and comfortably and conveniently arranged. He also has good
barns and other buildings, for the accommodation of stock and the shel-
ter of the products of his broad and fertile acres. His is one of the
largest, best appointed and valuable farms in Ray county. Mr. Smith

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HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 689

was married in this county, May 5, 1857, to Miss Sallie E. Miles, daugh-
ter of John N. and Margaret Miles, natives of Kentucky. She was born
in Lawrenceburg, Anderson county, Kentucky, October 3, 1839. They
became the parents of nine children, viz.: Thomas C, born April 17,
1858; Emma A., born November 24, 1859; Margaret J., born April 13,
1862; Robert A. L., born January 24, 1864; Miles W., born March 18,
1866; Susan K., born March 30, 1868; Annie J., born March 24, 1870;
Sarah E., born August 17, 1872; Ella, born January 16, 1875. Mr.
Smith and his wife are leading members of the Old School Presbyterian
Church, and he also belongs to the Masonic fraternity, (Bee-Hive Lodge
No. 393.) He has always been the friend of education and religion, an
active supporter of schools and churches, a public spirited and valuable
citizen, and his dealing and intercourse with his fellow men have always
been characterized by just and honorable deportment, and he enjoys the
confidence, respect and esteem of all.

W. J. HURT.

William J. Hurt was born in Surrey county, North Carolina, June 22,
1821. He came to Missouri at the age of twenty-one years, and after
living in Buchanan county for four years, came to Ray county, and set-
tled upon the farm he now owns and occupies, section nineteen, township
fifty-three, range twenty-nine. He owns two hundred and eighty acres
of good land, one hundred and fifty acres in cultivation, has a good house
and orchard, and is very conveniently and comfortably situated. Mr.
Hurt was married in Clay county, Missouri, in 1846, to Miss Mary Crow-
ley, by Rev. George HufTaker. Mrs. Hurt is the daughter of John and
Sarah Crowley, natives of Tennessee. She was born April 4, 1825.
They have ten children, living, viz.: John W., James T., Riley F.,
Sarah, Christopher C, Jackson, Alice J., Lavorasly, Daniel and Ella.
Mr. Hurt is a member of the Christian Union Church. He is a prac-
tical, successful farmer and stock raiser, and a respected and useful
citizen.

W L. WATKINS.

The subject of this sketch was born and raised in Woodford county,
Kentucky. He came to Missouri and settled in Clay county, more than
fifty years ago, first establishing a cotton spinning mill there, and subse-
quently putting in additional machinery for the manufacture of woolen
fabrics, which business he pursued in the city of Liberty for a number of
years, and then removed to his present location, just upon the dividing
line of Ray and Clay counties. Here he erected a large, spacious, three
story brick building, and equipped it with the best improved and modern
machinery, for the manufacture of woolen goods. In addition to being a

690 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

complete and thoroughly furnished woolen mill, it has also a custom flour
and grist department, which turns out a superior grade of flour and
meal. Several years ago our subject took his son, John H., into partner-
ship with him in business, and their enterprises are now conducted under
the firm name of W. L.Watkins & Son. The junior partner is a thoroughly
competent, active and experienced business man and has, of late years,
chiefly managed and conducted the business of the firm. Messrs. W. L.
Watkins & Son keep from twenty-five to thirty operatives, male and
female, employed, and produce an excellent quality of goods, such as
blankets, jeans, flannels, cassimeres and a full line of all goods produced
by a first-class factory. Their goods are of unexcelled quality, and find
a ready sale in the markets of the large cities of our own and neighboring
states, and are in good demand in the towns of northwest Missouri. In
addition to their manufacturing business, the Messrs. Watkins own 3,600
acres of valuable land, the greatest part of which is farming land,
improved, with a handsome, commodious brick dwelling, large substantial
barns and other buildings. They are also largely engaged in raising fine
stock, making a specialty of Short-horn cattle and Berkshire hogs.
Messrs. Watkins & Son have always been active and efficient in the aid
of educational and religious institutions, and have done a good work for
the advancement of the business interests of their section of the county.
Their social and business lives have always been free from any reproach-
ful or dishonorable act, and they enjoy the esteem and respect of a large
circle of valuable and influential friends.

M. B. CUMMINS.

Madison B. Cummins was born near Greensborough, Guilford county,
North Carolina, October 18, 1827, and received his education there. He
came to Ray county, Missouri, when seventeen years of age. In 1850,
he went, with the hope of bettering his forLunes, to the gold mines
of the new west. After spending ten vears in California, he feturned
to this county, but remaining only a short time, went again to California,
and remained there until after the close of the civil war. He then
returned and settled here, permanently. He owns a good farm of six
hundred and fifty-six acres, about two hundred and sixty acres under
fence, and improved with a comfortable dwelling house and other build-
mgs. He is engaged in raising stock, and handles only the best breeds.
His business is in a very prosperous and thriving condition. Mr. Cum-
mins was married in this county, March 19, 1867, to Miss Margaret E. J.
Smith, daughter of Jedediah and Jane Smith. She was born in Guilford
county, North Carolina, September 5, 1830. They have one child, Lulu
S. J., born November 19, 1868. Mr. Cummins and his wife are consistent,

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 691

worthy members of the Old School Presbyterian Church. He is an
accommodating neighbor, a charitable man, and a highly respected and
valuable member of the community.

JOHN H. MELLON.

John H. Mellon is a native and lifelong resident of Ray county, Mis-
souri. He was born October 17, 1851. He began the business of a
dealer in live stock, in 1873, and has continued it, on a larger scale each
year, ever since. He devotes his entire attention closely to his calling,
and is one of the best as well as the largest stock traders in Ray county.
In a pecuniary point of view His operations are very successful. He was
married first, in 1877, in this county, to Miss Eliza J. Thompson. She
was born September 1, 1845. Mrs. Mellon lived but a few months after
her marriage, dying April 21, 1878, and the subject of this sketch was
again married, in the month of March, 1879, to Miss Rebecca A. Wind-
sor. She was born September 15, 1858. The issue of this marriage has
been one child, James F., born March 11, 1880. Mr. Mellon is a useful
citizen, and has won the respect of all with whom he deals, by his candor,
honesty of purpose, and gentlemanly conduct.

W. M. McGAUGH.

Willliam M. McGaugh was born August 21, 1834, in Ray county,
Missouri. He learned the blacksmithing trade in 1851, and after travel-
ing about and working, at that calling in various places, he settled at
the thriving town of Vibbard, this county, in the year 1876, and has since
pursued his trade at that place. In April, 1881, he built a new shop and
is doing a good business. Mr. McGaugh owns several good houses and
lots in Vibbard. He was married in Carroll county, Missouri, in April,
1867, to Miss Betty M. Grider, daughter of Samuel and Mary Grider,
natives of Kentucky. Three children have been born to them, viz:
Walter Lee, born October 23, 1868; Mollie Belle, born August 17, 1869,
died in September, 1880; and Ella, died in infancy. Mr. McGaugh is a
member of Harmony Lodge, No. 384, A. F. & A. M. He is a good
workman, a temperate, industrious man, and a valuable member of the
community in which he lives.

MOSES HESS.

The subject of "this sketch was born in Lafayette county, Missouri,
June 25, 1842. He is the son of Joseph and Margaret Hess, natives of
the state of Kentucky. At the age of seventeen years he enlisted in com-
pany B, 3d regiment of Missouri volunteers, and was engaged in the '
battles of Springfield, Neosho, Newtonia, Pineville, Cane Hill and Little
Rock. He was discharged in 1865, and soon after came to this county,

692 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

and has since resided here. Mr. Hess was married to Miss Sarah Atkins,
in October, 1866. They became the parents of five children, three of
whom are now living: William, George and Charles. Mrs. Hess died
May 31, 1875, and our subject was again married March 12, 1876, to
Miss Mary Sharp, daughter of Aaron and Martha Sharp. She was born
in the year 1856. The issue of this union has been four children, only two
of whom, Martha and Cora, are now living. Mr. Hess is an industrious
man of good, steady habits, and a good citizen.

THOMAS CROWLEY.

Thomas Crowley was born in the month of September, 1830, in Clay
county, Missouri, and was reared there on a farm. In 1853, he went
with a drove of cattle to the state of California, and remained there about
two years, returning March 31, 1855. He came to this county and settled
on the farm he now owns and occupies, in 1857. He owns a fine farm of
five hundred and forty-two acres, five hundred acres of which are under
good fence, and the greater part in cultivation. He has a comfortable,
well arranged dwelling house, and a fine bearing orchard. Mr. Crowley
was married in this county, in the month of October, 1857, to Miss Susan
Nelson, by Rev. Hardy Holman. She is the daughter of Joshua and
Henrietta Nelson, natives of Alabama, and was born in this county, Decem-
ber 20, 1839. Mr. and Mrs. Crowley became the parents of the follow-
ing named children: Fann}', born November 14, 1858; John, born May
7, 1862; Robert, January — , 1S64; Kate, born January — , 1866; Mollie,
born January — , 1868; Thomas P., born January 12, 1873; Susan M.,
born February — , 1875; Cappy, born June 25, 1877; James H., born
November 9, 1880; John died October 13, 1861, and one in infancy. Mr.
Crowley is a member of the M. E. Church South, and an active supporter
of religion. He is a very prosperous farmer and stock-raiser, and a pub-
lic spirited and influential citizen.

JOHN CLEAVENGER.

John Cleavenger was born in the state of Virginia, July 2, 1798. He is
the son of Richard and Sarah (Wood) Cleavenger. His father was a
native of New Jersey, and his mother of Shenandoah county, Virginia.
His parents removed to Cocke county, Tennessee, when he was a small
boy, and there he grew up, working on his father's farm until 1819, when
he left Tennessee and came to Missouri. Mr. Cleavenger was one of a
party who made the trip by river, in a keel-boat which they constructed
themselves in Tennessee before leaving. When they reached the mouth
of Fishing river, while ascending the Missouri, they steered their boat
into the smaller river, and after ascending it about six miles landed, and
settling there, made their homes thenceforth in this county. All kinds of

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 693

game was abundant, and their chief occupation at first was hunting, but
in a few years they cleared land, improved farms, and settled down to a
quiet life of farming. Mr. Cleavenger was first married in 1817, to Eliza-
beth Hensley, of Virginia. The issue of this marriage was one child:
Mary, born September 8, 1819. Mrs. Cleavenger soon after died, and he
was again married in 1823, to Miss Margaret Wills, daughter of James
Wills, an early settler of Ray county. She was born in Rutherford county,
Tennessee, January 1, 1801. They became the parents of eleven children,
four of whom are now living: Lily A., born] February — , 1828; Sarah,
born March 5, 1831; Margaret, born June 21, 1833; Richard, born Octo-
ber 28, 1836. From 1830 to 1832, Mr. Cleavenger was sheriff of Ray
county, and in 1856, was elected to represent the county in the general
assembly. The duties of his office he discharged with credit to himself
and to the satisfaction of the people. He has been a member of the Old
School Baptist Church for more than sixty years. His wife is a Presby-
terian. He is one of the oldest and most highly respected citizens of Ray
county.

JOHN R. STARKEY.

John R. Starkey was born in Mason county, Kentucky, August 26,
1832. At the age of six years he came with his parents to Ray county,
and has lived here ever since, engaged, after he grew up, in farm-
ing. He was married in this county, to Miss Margaret Cleavenger,
daughter of Mr. John Cleavenger. They have one child, Jeremiah R.,
born April 26, 1871. Levi Starkey, father of our subject, was born in the
state of Pennsylvania, in 1804, died in 1863. Mary D., the mother of
John R. Starkey, was born in Virginia in 1805, and is yet living in Carroll
county, Missouri. Both Mr. Starkey and his estimable lady are members
of the Baptist Church, and he is also a member of the Masonic lodge at
Richmond. He is an industrious, enterprising farmer, a highly respected
man and valuable citizen.

W. A. HUNTSMAN.

W. A. Huntsman was born in Chickasaw county, Mississippi, Septem-
ber 12, 1842. He received his education and grew up there. Early in
life he learned the trade of a painter, and has since pursued that avocation.
He came to this county, first, in 1870, and remained here about five years,
when he went to Linn county, Missouri, and worked at his trade there,
until April 1880, when he returned to Ray county, and located at the
town of Lawson, where he is now engaged at his trade. Mr. Huntsman
enlisted, June, 1861, in company F, seventh Mississippi cavalry and served
throughout the war in the C. S. A. He was with General Lee at
Appomattox, and laid down his gun there, April 9, 1865. During the

694 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

war he was in the battles of Fredericksburg, the Wilderness, Sharpsburg,
Gettysburg, Petersburg and Chancellorsville, besides many others. Mr.
Huntsman was married in Clinton county, Missouri, in May, 1875, to Miss
MollieJ. Easton, by Rev. Mr. Searcy. Mrs. Huntsman was born in Clay
county, Missouri, April 17, 1854. Mr. Huntsman is a worthy member
of the order of Good Templars. He is an excellent workman in all the
different branches of his trade, and has a large and lucrative patronage.
He is a generous, charitable, fair minded, honorable gentleman, and
enjoys the confidence and respect of the community in which he lives.

CHAS. B. BACON, M. D.

Charles B. Bacon was born in the town of Spencer, Tioga county, New
York, March 24, 1829. Began his medical studies in 1849, in the office of
Doctor G. H. Preston, where he continued until 1853, and left off to teach
school awhile in order to supply himself with the necessary funds for the
further prosecution of his studies. In 1855 he went with Doctor Preston
to Brantford, Canada, and practiced medicine there until 1859, when he
attended, at Rochester, New York, a branch of the Cincinnati Eclectic
Medical College. Then, in consequence of the failure of his health, he
went to the mountain regions of Colorado and to Denver and Golden City.
He came to Ray county in the fall of the same year, and has lived here
ever since, engaged in the practice of medicine, farming and dealing in
live stock. Doctor Bacon owns a fine well improved farm of two hundred
acres, in section twenty-eight, township fifty-four, range twenty-nine. He
is in a very prosperous condition and is highly esteemed by the good peo-
ple among whom he lives and practices. Doctor Bacon has never been
married.

J. M. STOCKWELL.

James M. Stockwell was born in Chenango county, New York, May
13, 1834, and at the age of six years, left there with his parents, George
W. and Elsie I. Stockwell, and removed to Ohio. His father was born
in Massachusetts in 1788, and died August 14, 1863. His mother was
born in Massachusetts, in 1798, and died in 1865. The family remained
in Ohio during three years and then removed to Ray county, Missouri,
and settled upon a farm near where our subject now resides. Mr. Stock-
well lived in this county until the year 1849, and then taking the tide of
immigration at its flood, went to seek his fortunes in the gold fields of
California. After a journey of great hardship, privation and suffering, he
reached the land of gold, and remained there for two years, and then
returned to Ray county. He made a subsequent trip to California, and
was absent from here about the same length of time as upon the former
trip. Mr. Stockwell was married May 3, 1856, in Ray county, to Miss

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 695

May E. Bisbee, who was born May 27, 1834, in Ohio, and came to Mis-
souri in 1838. They became the parents of five children: Rosina A., born
February 5th, 1857, now the wife of John Buchanan; Arza, born Novem-
ber 3, 1859; Iola E., born November 14, 1865, now the wife of E. Boyd:
David P., born 1867, died when a child; Harry W., born June 3, 1872.
Mrs. Stockwell's father, Arza Bisbee, was born in the state of New York,
December 25. 1807, and died in 1867. Her mother, Harriet M. *Bisbee,
was born April 21, 1816, and died May 18, 1865. Mr. and Mrs. Stock-
well are both members of the Christian Church. He owns a farm of five
hundred and fifteen acres of excellent farming lands in a fine state of cul-
tivation and well improved. He is a practical successful farmer, and a
respected member of the community.

JESSE T. ROBERTS.

Jesse T. Roberts was born in Madison county, Kentucky, December 9,
1839. He is the son of A. J. and Eliza Roberts. His father was born in
Madison county, Kentucky, January 10, 1814, and is now living in Clay
county, Missouri. His mother was born in Boone county, Missouri, in
the year 1820. Our subject remained in his native county until 1863, and
then removed to Hendricks county, Indiana, and was there engaged in
farming until October 1, 1868, when he came to Ray count}-, this state,
and bought the farm he now lives upon. Mr. Roberts was married in Gar-
rard county, Kentucky, in the year 1863, to Miss Mary C. Wiley, daugh-
ter of Harvey and Ruth A. Wiley, natives of Kentucky. She was born in
Garrard county, Kentucky, September 1, 1842. They have five children:
William L., born July 2, 1865; Martha E., born March 21,1867; Nora
A., born July 12, 1869; James A., born February 15, 1S74; Charles H.,
October 24, 1877. Mrs. Roberts' father, Harvey Wiley, was born in
Garrard county, Kentucky, February 12, 1809, and is yet living in the
same county. Her mother was born in Madison county, Kentucky, May
1, 1812, and is also yet living. Mr. Roberts and wife are leading mem-
bers of the Christian Church, and he is also a member of Bee-Hive Lodge
No. 393, A. F. & A. M., at Lawson.

JOHN E. LINVILL.

Is the son of Thomas and Martha Linvill, and was born in Ray
county, Missouri, February 10, 1845. He was educated in the schools of
this county, and remained at home with his father, working on the farm,
and dealing in stock, until he was twenty-five years of age. Mr. Linvill
was married on the 24th of March, 1870, to xMiss Kate Grimes, the
daughter of Major John and Nancy Grimes. She was born in the state
of Tennessee, June 21, 1847. The issue of this marriage has been one
child: Thomas G., born June 29, 1872, in this county. Soon after his

696 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

marriage, Mr. Linvill settled on a farm near Knoxville, and after remain-
ing there for some time, removed to another place in the same vicinity,
where he lived until 1879, when he purchased and located upon his pres-
ent farm (section thirty-three, township fifty-four, range twenty-eight).
He owns about one thousand acres of land, all of which is enclosed by
good fence, except about one hundred and fifty acres. The farm is hand-
somely and finely improved, well watered and stocked with the best
varieties of live stock. Mr. Linvill is a leading, successful and prosper-
ous farmer and stock-raiser, and a highly respected citizen.

LEVI MORRIS.

Levi Morris was born in Kanawha county, Virginia, August 3, 1835.
He came with his parents to Missouri, and settled in this county, in 1839.
His father died when he was sixteen years of age, and, being the oldest
son, it devolved upon him to assist his mother in managing the farm
and providing for the rest of the family. In 1877, the youngest heir
having attained his majority, the estate was divided, and his mother and
our subject have continued to live upon the homestead, their combined
shares of the estate. January 9, 1873, Mr. Morris married Miss Nancy
C. Grimes, daughter of Joseph C. and Julia Grimes. She was born in
Ray county, Missouri, January 11, 1853. They became the parents of
four children, all of whom are now living: Lulu G., born November 9,
1873; Minnie C, born September 29,1875; Gracie E., born September
11, 1877; Joseph B. F., born May 1, 1880. In 1859 Mr. Morris went to
California, where he was engaged, with very fair success, in mining for
about four years, after which he went to Idaho, and spent some time in
mining there. While out west, he went into British America, and
remained during one summer. He returned home to Ray county in 1872,
and has lived here ever since. Mrs. Amanda J. Morris, the mother of
our subject, was born in Clark county, Ohio, October 5, 1812. Her
parents, John and Sarah Hamilton, both died when she was very voung,
and she was taken to Virginia and reared by her grandparents, who lived
in that state. September 29, 1829, she was marrried to Mr. Benjamin
Morris. The issue of this union was eight children, seven of whom are
yet living: Octavia N., born -September 11, 1830; Sarah M., born Janu-
ary 3, 1838; Mary J., born October 13, 1840; Benjamin F., born April
21, 1843; James W., born April 1, 1848; John B., born October 1, 1851,
and Levi, our subject. Mrs. Morris is living now on the old homestead,
section 26, township 54, range 28.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 697

JOHN MILSTEAD.

Is a native of Ray county, Missouri, and was born July 4, 1836. His
father, John, Sr., was born in Virginia, February 18, 1786. His mother
was a native of North Carolina. His parents had a family of nine children
of whom he was the youngest. The family came to Ray county from
Virginia, three years before our subject was born, and settled on the same
place upon which he now resides, section fourteen, township fifty-four,
range twenty-eight. John Milstead, Sr., owned several other farms, in
different parts of the county, which he divided among his children. He
died May 1, 1872. His wife died in August, 1865. Our subject is an
industrious, prosperous, and successful farmer and stock-raiser, and is
highly regarded and respected among his large circle of friends and
acquaintances. He is a valuable addition to the community in which he
lives, and an active worker for the development of the material resources
of his native county of Ray.

CLAYTON TIFFIN, M. D.

Clayton Tiffin was born February 12, 1837, in Ross countv, Ohio. At
the age of five years he came with his father, Dr. John C. Tiffin, to
Knoxville, Ray county, Missouri, where he has ever since resided. He
attended school at Knoxville, till he was thirteen years of age, when his
father sent him to Frankfort, Ross county, Ohio, to ^attend school. He
was entered a student at the old Frankfort Seminary. On leaving school
he resolved to make a physician of himself, and commenced studying
with his father, and pursued his studies under the latter's instruction, till
he went to St. Louis, Missouri, to attend medical lectures, and at that
time he was placed under charge of Dr. L. P. Perry, his uncle, a promi-
nent physician of St. Louis. Dr. Perry was a graduate of the Virginia
University, and left that institution with the highest honors. Dr. Tiffin
graduated at the St. Louis Medical College, receiving the degree of M.
D., and returned home and entered upon the practice of his profession
with his father. After graduating Dr. Tiffin spent one winter in attend-
ing lectures and hospital at the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia;
and also one winter at the Bellevue Medical College and hospital of dhy-
sicians and surgeons, New York. He visited the medical colleges at San
Francisco, and while there formed the acquaintance of Dr. J. S. Potts, a
prominent physician of San Jose, California, and agreed to take a trip
with him to Europe, in order to acquire a more thorough knowledge in
the general practice of medicine aud surgery, as well as of the different
specialties. They met in New York in September, 1880, and having
obtained letters of introduction to prominent physicians and surgeons
in Europe, embarked for that country. They visited London, Paris,
44

698 HISTORY OF RAY COUNT 1.

Vienna, Berlin, Edinburg and Dublin. Dr. Tiffin spent most of his time
in London and Paris, but attended the medical colleges and lectures in all
the other cities mentioned, including that of Prof. Billroth, Vienna; of
Prof. Longenbeche, Berlin, and of Dr. Brown-Sequard, Paris. While in
London he purchased the finest set of surgical instruments that could be
found, and also instruments for special diseases, at a cost in the aggregate
of over $800. There is not a medical institution, hospital or infirmary, of
any considerable importance in Europe, that he did not visit. In 1861 Dr.
Tiffin enlisted in the enrolled Missouri militia, and the following year was
made captain of his compan}^. He did active and efficient service in Ray and
other counties of northwest Missouri. In 1865, by order of Governor
Fletcher, he recruited an independent company for purposes of defense
against bushwhackers and other lawless, marauding bands. In the
engagement at Glasgow, Howard county, he was captured by the enemy,
but was exchanged after a short time. October 6, 1865, Dr. Tiffin was
married to Miss Julia A . Larrison. They have one child living: Alexis
F., born December 28, 1871. Dr. Tiffin is one of the leading physicians*
of Ray county, and perhaps no man in the state has been at greater
pains or expense to gain a thorough knowledge of his profession in all its
branches. He has an extensive practice and is a genial, hospitable gen-
tleman.

HENRY ZEISENESS.

This gentleman was born in Hanover, Germany, on the 22d day of
May, 1825. In his youth he received the advantages of the excellent
schools of his native land, and acquired a good education. Prior to leav-
ing Germany he was engaged in the business of weaving. He came to
America in the year 1849, landing at New Orleans, where he remained
for about one year. From New Orleans he came to St. Charles, Mis-
souri, and there worked on a railroad for a time, and then at farming.
After remaining in and around St. Charles for about a year, he went back
to New Orleans, but staid only a short time, and then went to McLean
county, Illinois. Worked on a railroad there, for a short time, and then
returned again to New Orleans. Went back again to Illinois and lived
there until 1856, when he came to Missouri, and, after stopping tempo-
rarily in Caldwell county, settled in 1857 upon his present place (section
two, township fifty-four, range twenty-seven,) in Ray county. He owns
four hundred acres of very fine land, well fenced and watered, improved
with comfortable and substantial buildings, and stocked with the best
varieties of live stock. Mr. Zeiseness was married on the 22d of Novem-
ber, 1852, to Miss Magdalena Deger. She bore the following named
children: Conrad L., born March 14, 1855; Mary F., born February 25,
1857; Joseph A., born June 8, 1860. Mrs. Zeiseness died September 22,

HJSTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 699

L864, and Mr. Zeiseness was afterwards married to Mrs. Mary Mohn,
also a native of Germany, and born November 30, 1838. She came to
America in 1855. Her. father, Nicholas Emerich, (now living with her)
was born in Germany in 1805. She became the mother of four children
by her first marriage, two of whom are now dead. The issue of Mr.
Zeiseness' second marriage was three children: Mary M., born October
14, 1867; Henry and Martin L., twins, born May 5,1869. Mr. Zeiseness
was on the Union side, and enrolled among the state militia, during the
late war. He speaks and reads both the German and English languages.
He is a valuable citizen, and a successful, prosperous farmer.

JOSEPH D. CRAVEN.

Joseph D. Craven was born in Davison county, North Carolina, on the
4th day of August, 1822. His parents, Thompson and Mary Craven,
had a family of twelve children. At the age of four years he was taken
by his parents to Randolph county, and lived there until 1854, working,
•after he grew up, at carpentering and farming. He then went to Potta-
wattamie county, near Council Bluffs, Iowa, where he lived until 1870,
and then came to Ray county, Missouri, and has lived here ever since,
engaged in farming. (Section twenty-two, township fifty-four, range
twenty-seven). He enlisted in the Union army while living in Iowa, in
the autumn of 1864, company B, 17th Iowa infantry, commanded by
Colonel Newcomb. The first battle in which our subject engaged was
at Nashville, Tennessee. He was discharged from the army in the spring
of 1865, and returned home in the month of August of the same year.
Mr. Craven was married on the 14th of July, 1844, to Miss Bethenia
Arledge. She was born in Randolph county, North Carolina, on the 16th
day of August, 1821. The issue of this union was ten children, six of
whom are now living: Jessie T., born October 16, 1847; Sarah J., born
July 18, 1850; Elkana, born February 4, 1856; Amelia S., born October
6, 1858; Elcym, born August 18, 1860; Charles J., born January 18, 1864.
Mr. Craven is an elder of the Church of Latter Day Saints, and has
been presiding elder of the Missouri conference since 1872.

ALBERT P. ALSPAUGH.

Was born in Fairfield county, Ohio, on the 18th of October, 1857.
His parents removed with him to Adams county, Illinois, in the year
1861, and lived there for six years. Then went to Iowa for a time, and
thence to Kansas. Came to Ray county, Missouri, and settled on a farm
in section three, township fifty-four, range twenty-seven. Here our sub-
ject engaged in farming, until the beginning of 1881, when himself and
an elder brother established a general merchandise country store, under
the firm name of Alspaugh Bros. They are very popular young men,
and are doing a brisk trade.

700 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

SAMUEL H, STEPHENSON.

The subject of this sketch was born in Todd county, Kentucky, Sep-
tember 15, 1826. His parents, James and Catherine Stephenson, removed
with him in his infancy, to Greene county, Illinois, where they lived during
two years. They then came to Ray county, Missouri, and settled upon
the same farm upon which our subject now resides, section one, township
fifty-four, range twenty-seven. This was in 1833 or 1834. James
Stephenson died in a few years after coming to this county. His wife
died in 1862. During the civil war our subject belonged to the enrolled
militia of the state. He was engaged in the skirmish at Albany, in this
county. He was discharged from the militia in 1865. Mr. Stephen-
son was married on the 27th day of March, 1857, to Miss Hily C. Claw-
son. She was born in North Carolina, April 24, 1833. She came to this
county with her parents, Eli and Dicey Clawson, in 1842. They settled
near Knoxville. Her father died July 17, 1852, aged forty-six years. Her
mother died in the same year, at the age of fifty-three years. One child,
Parthenia C, was born to Mr. and Mrs. Stephenson, on the 8th day of
May, 1852. She was reared on the old homestead, and, on the 12th of
April, 1868, was married to Henry Blevins. He was a native of Ray
county, Missouri, born August 2, 1846. He enlisted September 9, 1864,
in the Union army, under Captain William D. Fortune, of General Smith's
command. He participated in the battles of Franklin, Tennessee, and
Spanish Fort, Alabama. He was disabled by disease after the last men-
tioned fight. Received his discharge from service August 15, 1865. Mr.
and Mrs. Blevins had one child, Flora Grant, born September 5, 1869;
died December 13, 1872. Rosetta Mulligan, an orphan niece, born in this
county, in December, 1867, lives with the family.

JOHN SWITZER.

John Switzer is a native of Lincoln county, Ohio. He was born on the
9th day of November, 1806. His parents were Jacob and Sophia Swit-
zer. He received his education in his native county, and remained there,
with his parents, until 1814. The family then removed to Richland county,
Ohio. Our subject lived there, engaged in farming, until 1839, when he
came to Ray county, Missouri, and, buying land, settled one and a half
miles west of the village of Millville, and lived there during eleven years.
He then sold his farm and moved to his present location, section four,
township fifty-four, range twenty-seven, where he has ever since resided.
Here he owns three hundred and seventy-eight acres of rich land, all in
cultivation but about twenty -five acres of timber land, well improved and
watered. He has a fine orchard of two hundred and forty trees. Mr.
Switzer was married on the 14th of February, 182S, to Miss Elizabeth

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 701

Alexander. She was born in Belmont county, Ohio, on the 16th of Janu-
ary, 1809. Her parents were Peter and Jane Alexander. Mr. and Mrs.
Switzer became the parents of ten children. Their names and date
birth follow: Samuel C, born March 12, 1830; Matthew A., born August
14, 1831; Andrew J., born August 22, 1833; Peter A., born December 10,
1835 ; Mary J., born March 27, 1838 ; Jacob J., born October 8, 1840 ; John F.,
born December 17, 1844; James R., born June 2, 1846; George A., born
March 2, 1848; Marion B , born July 7, 1850. The five eldest were born
in Ohio, the others in Ray county, Missouri. The son, George A., now
has chnrge of the homestead. Mr. Switzer is is a member of the M. E.
Church.

JACKSON WALTERS.

Was born in Fairfield county, Ohio, December 29, 1834. He was edu-
cated in the public schools of his native county, and at the age of eighteen
years commenced working on his own account. He hired as farm laborer
at first, but by economical and saving habits was enabled to purchase land.
He came to Ray county, Missouri, and now owns about fifty-five acres of
excellent farming land, well fenced and improved, with convenient and
comfortable buildings. This land is situated in section eight, township
fifty-four, range twenty-seven. Mr. Walters was married on the 1st day
of July, 1860, to Miss Annie M. Slough. She was born February 17,
1841, in Franklin county, Ohio. Her parents were Frederick and Mary
Slough. Mr. and Mrs. Walters became the parents of ten children, six
of whom are now living: Their names with dates of birth are: Charles
W., born May 2, 1861; Tallman E., born January 26, 1863; Delbert T.,
born September 30, 1866; Albert M., born October 31, 1871; Thomas E.,
born September 5, 1876; Olen O., born April 5, 1880. The father of our
subject, Nimrod Walters, died in 1869, aged 59 years. His mother, Mar-
garet, is yet living in this county at the age of sixty-five years. Mr. Wal-
ters has made his way up to the position of a successful farmer by his
own unaided efforts. He is highly regarded by his neighbors and friends.

JOHN TAIT.

Is a native of Scotland. He was born in Kirkintiloch, December 18,
1826. He attended school there, and worked with his father at the
business of weaving until he was thirteen years of age, and then immi-
grated to America. He stopped first in Saratoga county, New York,
and was employed in a woolen factory there for about three vears, then
went to Canada West and was engaged in the same business there. In
Kent county, Canada, he learned the milling business. He remained in
Canada until the year 1866, and then, coming to Missouri, stopped for one
year in Caldwell county. In 1867 he came to his present location, Taits-

702 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

ville, in Ray county. In connection with his brother James, he purchased
the Taitsville Mills, and has since been engaged there very successfully, in
conducting a flouring and grist mill. Mr. Tait was married on the 7th of
November, 1850, to Miss Ann E. Simpson. She is a native of Brock-
ville, Canada, and was born March 11, 1835. Her parents were Thomas
and Mary Simpson. Eight children have been born to Mr. Tait and wife,
named as follows: James T., born June 16, 1852; Thomas H., born April
5, 1855; William G., born June 30, 1858; Maccay D., November 9, 1861;
Mary D., born October 30, 1865; Ann E., born July 1, 1869; Beulah, born
September 29, 1873; Daniel J., born July 4, 1877. Thomas H., was mar-
ried in 1877 to Miss Margaret Berbee. She died August 3, 1880, leaving
one child, Lula M., born June 17, 1878. Mr. Tait's father, James, is yet
living in Canada at the age of eighty-four years. His mother, Mary, died
in 1835, aged thirty-nine years.

HENRY W. SATER.

Was born on the 30th day of September, 1830, in Baltimore county,
Maryland. His parents were John and Catherine Sater. He was edu-
cated in Maryland, and remained at home, engaged in carpentering, until
he was twenty-four years of age. He began to learn the millwrighting
business at the age of twenty years. Mr. Satef was married, December
20, 1855, to Miss Mary A. Rony. She was born in Lebanon county,
Pennsylvania, December 14, 1835. Her parents were John and Jane
Rony. Thirteen children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Sater, seven boys
and six girls. Ten of them are now living: Catherine J., born Septem-
ber 14, 1856; Ruth A., born October 20, 1857; Sarah V., born November 5,
1860; Thomas G.,born August 20, 1863; William S., born August 10, 1865;
Margaret E., born October 14, 1867; Henry N., born February 9, 1870;
Mary E., born February 27, 1872; Alexander, born Februrary 1, 1874; Mar-
tha C, March 3, 1876. Mr. Sater remained in Maryland, working at his
trade until 1867, when he came to Ray county, Missouri, and settled on
the Wakanda river. Here he remained about a year, and then removed
to a place on Mud creek; after living there about the same length of time
he went to Carroll county, and remained for a year. He removed to his
present farm (section thirteen, township 55, range 27), in Ray county,
in 1875. Here he owns a model stock-farm, of two hundred and fifty
acres, two hundred and twenty acres of which are in a fine state of culti-
vation. His farm is watered bv fine springs of pure, unfailing water.
Mr. Sater enlisted, September 13, 1861, in company F, Pernell legion,
Maryland volunteers, and served fourteen months in the Union army. He
was discharged in November, 1862, on acccount of physical disabilitv for
military service.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNT V. 703

MARTIN COFFMAN.

Martin Coffman was born in Fairfield county, Ohio, on the 12th day of
September 1830. He is the son of John and Susan Coffman. He
received his education in Fairfield county, and remained at home
with his parents until he attained his majority. In 1854, he
leased a woolen factory in his native county, and conducted that busi-
ness until 1857. He then engaged in farming for a while, after which, in
connection with his brother Jesse H., he bought a steam saw mill and
operated it for about three years. He then leased the same factory again,
which he previously had, and conducted the business, in partnership with,
other gentlemen, for about two years. He then built a factory of his own,
and operated it for the space of three years, when he sold it to Mr.
Randall, and returned to the factory he originally leased, and managed
it until 1871, when he went to Franklin county, Ohio, and rented a
woolen factory there. At the end of two years he quit this business, and
went to farming again. He came to Ray countv, Missouri, in 1877, and
the next year occupied his present farm (section 13, township 54, range
27), and has lived there ever since. On the 19th day of May, 1853, Mr.
Coffman was married to Miss Mary L. Markwood. She was born, on
the 9th dav of January, 1833, in Frederick count}', Virginia. Her parents
were David and Elizabeth Markwood. Mr. and Mrs. Coffman became
the parents of seven children, named as follows: Sylvester F., born
November 15, 1854, (died March 27, 1859); Seymour F., born October
10, 1856; Charles M., born September 30, 1858; John D., born March
30, 1861; Ulysses G., born June 16, 1863; Jacob L., born August 16, 1865;
Xenia B., born November 15, 1871. Mr. Coffman and three of his family
are members of the Church of United Brethren.

N. L. POST.

Nelson L. Post was born in Windom, Canada, June 12, 1833. His
parents were Reuben and Ruth Post. When he was quite young they
removed with him to Cleveland, Ohio, and lived there about two years.
From Cleveland they went to Coshocton count}*, Ohio, and there his
father worked on a canal for some time. He was educated in Ohio, and
after he grew up, worked for various farmers of that state until he went
to Michigan, where he continued working at farming for about two years.
He then worked on a boat, running between Alleghany and Sandusky,
for three years. After this he was first mate of a vessel trading in grain
between Chicago, Buffalo and Oswego. He then served an appren-
ticeship to the wagon making trade, at Austin, Michigan. He remained
there about two years. He then engaged at the ship carpentering trade.
Afterwards returned to Ohio, and was engineer for a period* of time, in a

704 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

steam saw mill, in Ashtabula county. Mr. Post was married on the 4th of
July, 1S54, to Miss Susan E. Morey. The issue of this marriage was
one child, Edwin A., born August 5, 1855. Mrs. Post died in 1857, and
October 2, 1859, Mr. Post was married to Miss Margaret Lucas. They
became the parents of six children, all of whom are now living. Their
names with dates of birth follow : Robert H., born June 1 5, 1861 ; Nelson H.,
born May 25,1867; Jacob A., born March 18, 1869; Alice M.,born March
7,1871; Lydia W., born March 17,1873; Alexander L., born October
8, 1876. The second Mrs. Post died on the 29th of October, 1876, and
Mr. Post was again married May 24, 1877, to Miss Amanda M. Hat-
field. She was born in Ray county, Missouri, March 2, 1846. She has
borne Mr. Post two children: Samuel J., born August 28, 1878, died
September 20,1878; Mary B., born December 17, 1880. After his first
marriage Mr. Post continued in the saw mill business, in Ohio for a time,
and then engaged in the Chicago and Green Bay lumber trade. In 1854
he went to Clinton, Iowa, and remained there farming, until 1861. He
enlisted in the Union army August 17, 1861, company E, Thirteenth reg-
ment, Iowa volunteers. He was engaged in the battles of Shiloh,
Corinth, Vicksburg, Jackson, Kenesaw Mountain and Atlanta, and was
with General Sherman on his celebrated " march to the sea." He held
position of sergeant. Was discharged July 28, 1865, and at once
returned to his home in Iowa. He engaged in wagon making, for a
short time, and then came to Ray county, Missouri, and located upon his
present farm, where he has lived ever since.

MOSES RITTER.

Son of William and Margaret Ritter, was born in Claibourne county,
Tennessee, on the 10th of October, 1818. He remained at home with
his parents in his native county until he was twenty-four years of agev
and then commenced farming on his own account. He came to Ray
county, Missouri, in 1843, and located upon his present place, section fif-
teen, township fifty-four, range twenty-seven. He was married first in
1840, to Miss Rhoda Carr. They had one child, Mary Ann, born in
May, 1843, and now Mrs. Wild. Mrs. Ritter died in 1843, and Mr. Rit-
ter was married the second time in 1845, to Miss Catherine Hammitt.
She died the same year, and he was again married August 12, 1842, to
Miss Martha A. E. Fowler. The issue of this union was five children:
Plina F., born August 12, 1853; James P., born March 6, 1855; Martha
E., born January 14, 1857; Moses A., born June 4, 1859; William F.,
born June 21, 1868. The third Mrs. Ritter is a native of Bedford county,
Tennessee. Her parents were Samuel and Sarah Fowler. She was
born January 24, 1833, and came with her parents to this county at the
age of twenty-seven years. Mr. Ritter owns a fine farm of 358 acres,

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 705

150 acres in a high state of cultivation. This place is well improved and
watered. Mr. Ritter is a prosperous farmer, and well regarded by his
neighbors.

MAJOR JOHN GRIMES.

John Grimes was born in Campbell county, East Tennessee, on the 19th
day of December, 1818. His father, George Grimes, was of Irish
extraction. He died about the year 1846. His mother, Nancy, was of
German descent. She died in 18(53. Our subject was educated in his
native county, and lived there with his parents until about twenty years of
age. He came to Ray county, Missouri, first in the year 1837, and
engaged in farming here for two years. He then returned to Tennessee,
and entered the southern stock trade, in which business he continued for
three years. He then bought a tannery, and operated it for the space of
ten years, alter which he dealt in drv goods until 1859, when he returned
to Ray county, Missouri, and engaged in merchandising at Knoxville, in
which business he has ever since continued. Major Grimes was married
June 4, 1843, to Miss Nancy T. Kincaide. She was born in Campbell
county, East Tennessee, February 26, 1818. Her parents were Thomas
and Martha Kincaide, both dead. Major and Mrs. Grimes became the
parents of five children; four of them are still living: Martha J., born
July 14, 1845, married to W. R. Withers in 1867, has one child, John C;
Nancy C, born June 21, 1847, married in 1870, to John Linville, has one
child, Thomas G.; Louisa E., born June 10, 1849, married in 1870 to D.
D. Gant, has two children, Mary Y. and Robert C. ; John K., born Sep-
tember 29, 1854, is a practicing physician at Polo, Caldwell county, Mis-
souri. In 1862, Mr. Grimes was elected captain of company G, state
militia, and when the regiment to which his company was assigned was
organized, he was promoted to the position of major, and served during
the war. He and Major Cox commanded the Union forces in the fight
at Albany, in this county. Major Grimes represented this county in the
general assembly in 1864. He owns lands in sections 25, 26, 27, 34, 35,
township 54, range 28, and in section 32, township 54, range 27, 1,100
acres in all. He has given each of his children 220 acres. His home-
stead is handsomely improved, and is one of the best farms in that
section of the country.

J. D. GANT, M. D.

Dr. J. D. Gant is the son of James and Mary Gant; he was born on the
17th day of June, 1822, in Orange county, North Carolina. Attended the
schools of his native county, and lived there until 1837, when he came to
Ray county, Missouri, with his parents, and settled on a farm about seven
miles northwest of Richmond. He worked on the farm until he was
twenty-two years of age, and then began the study of medicine. Entered

706 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

the St. Louis Medical College in 1849, and after attending three courses
of lectures, graduated from that institution, receiving his diploma in 1854.
He returned to this count}- in the month of July, 1854, and locating at
Knoxville, commenced the practice of his profession, which he has ever
since continued there. About three years ago he established a drug store
and has since conducted that business in connection with his practice.
Dr. Gant was married to Miss Sarah A. Creason, on the 10th day of
May, 1855. She is the daughter of Goodwin and Sarah Creason, and
was born in this county, October 31, 1837. She has borne Dr. Gant five
children, four of whom are yet living. Their names, with dates of birth
are: Marietta, born October 7, 1857, died March 12, 1871; Carrie F.,
born September 13, 1859; Ida F., born January 25, 1861; William F.,
born May 12, 1863; Samuel G., born May 9, 1866. Dr. Gant owns more
than one thousand acres of land, about eight hundred and forty acres of
which are in a fine state of cultivation, well improved, with handsome,
commodious residence, good barns, and other buildings. The farm is
well watered, and has a good, thrifty bearing orchard of about six acres.
The doctor is also engaged largely in raising and feeding live stock, of
which he handles only the best varieties. He is a leading member of the
order of A. F. & A. M. Mrs. Gant is a member of the M. E. Church
South. Dr. Gant keeps abreast with the progress of his profession, and
in his practice is universally popular and very successful.

W. P. BURGESS.

William P. Burgess is a native of Ray county, Missouri. He was born
October 31, 1840. Received his education in the district schools, and
remained at home, working on the farm, until he attained his majority.
His father, William G. Burgess, was a native of Tennessee. He came to
this county in the year 1839, and died here, October 3, 1858. Our sub-
ject enlisted in the Federal army February 3, 1 S62, company D, 6th Mis-
souri cavalry, commanded by General Catherwood. Re-enlisted on the
27th of February, 1864. He was in no regular battles, but was engaged
in several skirmishes. He received his discharge from the service Janu-
ary 11, 1866, and returned to his home in this county. Mr. Burgess is liv-
ing on the old homestead with his mother. The farm (section twenty-
seven, township <ftfty-four, range twenty-eight ), comprises eighty acres of
land, all in cultivation, and improved with comfortable and convenient
buildings. Mr. Burgess is engaged, to a considerable extent, in raising
good breeds of live stock. The farm is well adapted to that business.
He has a fine, thrifty orchard of one hundred and fifty trees, of good vari-
eties of fruit. His mother, Mrs. Sarah Burgess, was born February 27,
1810. She is living with her son on the old homestead. Mr. Burgess is
a thrifty, enterprising farmer, and a good citizen.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 707

ADRIAN GORDAN.

Adrian Gordan is the son of J. D. and Emily B. Gordan. He was born
in Ray county, Missouri, on the 9th day of November, 1850. He was
educated in the schools of this county, and lived on the farm with his
parents until he was twenty years of age. In 1870 he went to Lisbon-
ville and was engaged there in selling goods for about seven years. After
the death of his father, which occurred in the month of March, 1877, he
returned home and took the management and control of the farm. He
has lived there ever since. Mr. Gordon was married March 7, 1872, to
Miss Celesta P. Tiffin. She is the daughter of John and Elizabeth Tiffin,
and was born March 3d, J 853, in this county. Mr. and Mrs. Gordan
became the parents of three children, two of wrhom are living: Grace T.,
born January 13, 1876; Eva L., born March 12, 1878. Their first child,
Beatrice, died October 23, 1874. The homestead of the Gordan family,
section sixteen, township fifty-four, range twenty-eight, comprises six
hundred and thirty-five acres of excellent land. It is well improved, and
in a fine state of cultivation, with good orchards and an abundauce of pure
water. Our subject's mother, Mrs. Emily B. Gordan, is a native of Mont-
gomery county, Kentucky. She was born February 1, 1818. She came
to Missouri in 1830, and stopped with her parents during the two years
in Caldwell county, and then came to this county. She was married to
the father of our subject, January 10, 1838. They became the parents of
six children, only two of whom are now living: Talitha, born October 15,
1841, and our subject. Mrs. Gordan, since the death of her husband, has
continued to live on the old homstead with her son Adrian, who is a rising
young farmer, and a valuable and excellent citizen.

D. T. MAYES.

David T. Mayes, a prominent farmer and stock dealer, was born in Ray
count}-, Missouri, on the same farm upon which he now resides, March 2,
1845. He is the son of Wiley and Susan Mayes. His father was born in
the year 1800, and came to this county in 1832, he was one of the first set-
tlers in that part of the county, where his son now resides. Our subject
laid the foundation of his education in the district schools, and afterwards
attended the academy at KnoxVille. The further prosecution of his studies
at school, was interrupted by the civil war, but possessing strong natural
talent, and an ardent desire for knowledge, he has devoted himself ever
since to the study of standard books upon a variety of subjects, and reads
regularly the current literature of the day. September 17, 1864, Mr. Mayes
enlisted in company G, 51st regiment of state militia, Union, and was
engaged in several skirmishes. The winter following his enrollment he
went to Nebraska with stock and did not return until after the restoration of

708 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY

peace, in 1865. David T. May's was married December 2, 1875, to Mrs.
Margaret A. Saunders, widow of Thomas Saunders and daughter of James
and Rachel Noel. She was born in Jackson county, Missouri, February
13, 1851. She is the mother of two children by her first marriage:
George E., born December 16, 1870, and James W., born September 10,
1872. Mr. and Mrs. Mayes are the parents of one child, Susan R., born
August 12, 1877. Mr. Mayes owns a fine farm of four hundred acres of
excellent land, all inclosed by good fences, improved with a handsome,
comfortable and commodious residence, convenientlv arranged, and sub-
stantial barns, sheds and other buildings. This place is well watered and
admirably adapted to the purposes of a stock farm. Mr. Mayes devotes
particular attention to the raising of fine stock, making a specialty of the
best breeds of hogs and sheep. In politics Mr. Mayes has always been a
JefFersonian democrat. He takes much interest in politics, and keeps well
informed concerning events in the political world, especially those of his
own state and county. He is connected with the Ray County Immigra-
tion Society, and thoroughly awake to the superior natural advantages his
native county offers to the intelligent and industrious emigrant. Having
always lived here he is identified with the county's progress, and feels a
deep interest in the further development of her material wealth and resour-
ces in the future.

WINFIELD MILLER.

The subject of this article was born near Richmond, Ray couniy, Mis-
souri, September 22, 1853. His father, Felix Miller, was also born in
this county. The date of his birth was November 10, 1822. Our sub-
ject's grandfather, James Miller, a native of Virginia, came to Ray
county, from Tennessee, at an early day. He wras of Scotch-Irish descent.
Winfield's mother, Sophronia, was born, June 10, 1824, in Tennessee.
She came, with her father, to this county, at the age of fifteen years.
Winfield Miller, after completing the course in the district school at Rich-
mond, attended a private school, kept by Prof. S. J. HufFaker, for three
years. In the fall of 1872 he entered Central College, at Fayette, How-
ard county, Missouri. He completed the course of study in that institu-
tion, and graduated with the degree of A. B. At the age of nineteen
years, Mr. Miller engaged in mercantile business; first, for three years at
Richmond, and then, in the spring of 1877, moved to Knoxville, where he
has since resided, and conducted a general merchandise store, in company
with Mr. Gant. Winfield Miller was married, January 5, 1875, to Miss
Mary C. Stone, daughter of Doctor J. E. Stone. She was born in Knox-
ville, Ray county, Missouri, November 14, 1854. Her father was born in
this county, in 1822; died November 29, 1857. Her mother, Mary A.,
was born in Virginia, January 17, 1822, and came to Ray county in 1845.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 700

Two children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Miller: Felix E., born
October 20, 1875, and William W., born September 11, 1880. In the fall
of 1875, Mr. Miller was appointed deputy sheriff under J. C. Brown. He
also served in the same capacity under Thomas McGinnis, until January,
1881. He discharged the duties of that office very efficiently, and to the
entire satisfaction of the people. He has also held other offices of trust in
his township. Although comparatively young, Mr. Miller is a practical
business man, and has built up a substantial and flourishing trade at Knox-
ville. He is highly esteemed and very popular with all his large circle of

friends.

JOHN C. TIFFIN, M. D.

Doctor John C. Tiffin was born in Cass county, Ohio, January 20, 1813.
He is the son of Doctor Clayton and Catherine Tiffin. He remained in
Ohio, attending school, until he was seventeen years of age, and then,
going to St. Louis, Missouri, pursued the study of his chosen profession,
medicine, for three years, under the instruction of his father and Doctor
White. In 1835 he entered the Cincinnati Medical College, and after-
ward graduated from that school with the degree of M. D. After leaving
college he practiced his profession in Clinton county, Ohio, for three
years, and then, coming to Missouri, practiced in Clinton county for a
short time, and then, in 1842, came to Ray county and established himself
permanently where he now resides. Here he has had a very extensive
and eminently successful practice. He was the first regular graduate of
medicine to settle in that part of the county, and, in making his rounds
while visiting patients, he has rode more, perhaps, than any other physi-
cian in this section of the country. Doctor Tiffin was married on the
12th day of November, 1835, to Miss Margaret Carder. Three children
were born of this marriage, two of whom are now living: Clayton, born
February 12, 1837, in Frankfort, Ohio (also a physician), and Edward P.,
born November 24, 1838. Mrs. Tiffin died in the month of September,
1842, and on the 23d day of April, 1843, Doctor Tiffin was married to
Miss Elizabeth H. Whitsett. The issue of this marriage was five chil-
dren, all but one of whom are yet living: John, born March 15, 1844;
(he, too, is a physician); Mary E., born March 28, 1848; William W.
(physician), January 12, 1850; Celesta P., born March 3, 1853. Two
sons were in the Federal army during the war, and one, Clayton, was cap-
tain of a company. Doctor Tiffin owns about seven hundred acres of
land. He has a handsomely appointed home, where, having retired from
active practice, he will spend the evening of his life in comfort and ease.
Perhaps no other professional man in the county has enjoyed the confi-
dence, esteem, and respect of the people of Ray county in a larger degree
or for a longer time than Doctor John C. Tiffin.

710 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

THOMAS SHIMMIN.

Is an Englishman. He was born in the town of Peel, on the Isle of
Man, November 18, 1811. He attended school there, and at the age of
fourteen years commenced learning the blacksmith's trade, under his
father, Thomas Shimmin, Sr. Before leaving Great Britain for America,
he traveled through many parts of England and Scotland. At the age of
twenty-four years he immigrated to the United States, landing at Phila-
delphia, April 13, 1836. He engaged in blacksmithing and carriage
making in that city for about two years. February 5, 1838, he enlisted
in the dragoon service of the United States. Went from Philadelphia to
New York, thence to New Orleans, and from there to the Indian Terri-
tory, then to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. He was blacksmith of com-
pany E. Received his discharge February 5, 1841, and then came to
Ray county, and stopped for a while at Camden, on the river. He then
went to Knoxville, this county, and remained for a time. In 1869, he went
to California, but only remained about a year, coming back again to
Knoxville, where he has lived ever since working at his trade. Mr.
Shimmin has one son, John Henry, born March 30, 1867. Our subject is
an excellent wrorkman, and controls a large and profitable patronage.

MAJOR W. P. WITHERS.

William P. Withers is the son of Peter and Evelina A. (Price) Withers.
He was born in Jessamine county, Kentucky, on the 27th day of Septem-
ber, 1819. The family are of English origin; their ancestors settled in
Fauquier county, Virginia, at an early day. Their chief occupation has
always been farming. In religion they were Baptists, and in politics
whigs, until the dissolution of that body, since which time they have been
divided in political sentiment. In 1S32 our subject removed with his
parents to McLean county, Illinois. Here his parents both died, his
mother in 1848, and his father in 1850, at the age of eighty years. His
father served as a soldier in the early Indian wars, under General Wayne,
" Mad Anthony of the West." William P. Withers was married to Miss
Mary E. Coles, in November, 1843. She was a native of Hartford,
Indiana, born in 1825. They have had eleven children, only five of whom
are now living: George A., Henry C, Nellie, Ned, Allen W. Mrs.
Withers died July 17, 1863, and Mr. Withers was married again October
22, 1867, to Miss Mattie J. Grimes, daughter of Major John Grimes. She
was born July 18, 1845, in Campbell county, Tennessee. One child was
born of this marriage, John G., born October 30, 1868, in Hamilton, Cald-
well county, Missouri. In 1843 Mr. Withers removed to Howard county,
Missouri, and conducted a hemp factory there for about two years. He
then returned to Illinois, and remained there until 1850, when he went to

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. Ill

the state of California, and engaged in stock-raising near Stockton for
about a year, returning to Illinois by sailing vessel via Panama and New
York. He continued, after his return, farming in Illinois until 1858, when
he was elected sheriff of McLean county, and discharged the duties of
that office for a term of two years, under Judge David Davis. In June,
1861, he raised a company of volunteers, and went into camp at Spring-
field, Illinois. He afterward received a commission as captain of com-
pany C, 5th Illinois cavalry, and in the month of February, 1862, left
Springfield for the battle-ground. He was engaged in battles of Doni-
phan, Missouri; Helena, and Vicksburg, Mississippi; besides many others.
He was discharged November 2, 1864, and returned home. Soon after
going home he was commissioned as major of the same regiment in
which he had formerly served, but before he joined the command the war
ended. During the time he was in the army he served under Generals
Curtis, Prentice, Washburn, Logan, Sherman, and Grant. Mr. Withers
removed to Caldwell county, Missouri, and engaged there, for a time, in
farming, and then entered the hardware and agricultural implement trade
at Hamilton, but was soon compelled to abandon it on account of ill
health, and came to Ray county in 1869, and settled upon his present
place (section 35, township 54, range 28), and has lived there ever since.
He owns 230 acres of land, the greater portion of which is in cultivation
and well improved. He has been a member of the Missionary Baptist
Church since he was seventeen years old. He is also a member of Royal
Arch Chapter A. F. & A. M. In politics, Mr. Withers has always been
a republican. He was a member of the earliest conventions of that party,
and has always taken a prominent part in local politics. He was person-
ally acquainted with President Lincoln, and heard him deliver his first
campaign speech.

WILLIAM KELMEL.

Was born in Baden, Germany, on the first day of November, 1830.
He came with his parents to the United States in 1831, landing at New
York. They went to Zainesville, Ohio, and remained there about
three years; then removed to another part of the state, and lived four
years longer there. At the expiration of that time they removed to Jer-
sey county, Illinois, and remained there during about six years. Came to
Missouri in the year 1853, and stopping in Caldwell county, lived there
until 1865, when our subject came to Ray county, and settled upon his
present farm, where he has lived ever since. He owns two hundred and
ninety-seven acres of good, rich land, in a fine state of cultivation, well
watered and well improved. He is also engaged, to a considerable extent
in raisinor and feeding good breeds of live stock. Mr. Kelmel was mar-
ried on the 5th day of February, 1860, to Miss Martha Holman. They

712 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

became the parents of two children: David, born December 15, 1860;
William L., born October 7, 1864. Mrs. Kelmel was born June 7, 1841,
in Ray county, Missouri. She died on the 7th of August, 1871, and
Mr. Kelmel was married again February 14, 1872, to Miss Sallie Thomp-
son. She was born in this county on the 25th of April, 1846. Mr. Kel-
mel is an industrious, thrifty, successful farmer, and a valuable citizen.

JOHN CLARK.

This gentleman was born in Henry county, Virginia, on the 25th day
of September, 1804. His parents were William and Keziah Clark. He
was educated in his native state and remained there working at farming
until he was twenty-four years of age, when he went to Tennessee and
lived in that state, during twenty years, engaged in farming. In 1850 he
removed to Howard county, Indiana, and lived there until he came to Ray
county, Missouri in, 1855. He settled then upon his present place. Mr.
Clark was married on the 22d of April, 1828, to Miss Henrietta Clark,
also a native of Henry county, Virginia. They became the parents of
thirteen children, eight boys and five girls. Thomas, son of John and
Henrietta Clark, was born in Campbell county, Tennessee, in the month
of April, 1844. He removed with his parents from Tennessee to Indiana,
and from that state came with them to Ray county, in 1855. Here he
lived, attending school and working on his father's farm until the out-
breaking of the late civil war. He enlisted February 8, 1862, in company
D, 6th Missouri cavalry, Captain S. E. Turner; Colonel Catherwood. He
was engaged in several skirmishes, but no regular battles. He was in
Kansas and Arkansas. Discharged March 21, 1865. He at once
returned to this county, and has lived here ever since. Mr. Thomas
Clark was married on the 26th day of July, 1866, to Miss Margaret
Higgs, daughter of John and Rebecca Higgs. The issue of this union
was one child: Viola, born May 27,1867, in Ray count}', Missouri.

THOMAS LINVILL.

Thomas Linvill was born in Campbell county, Tennessee, September 9,
1805. His parents were Aaron and Rebecca Linvill. They removed
when Thomas was very young to Howard county, Missouri, and located
in " Sugar-tree bottom." There they remained for some time, then came
to Rav county. Our subject located on his present farm at the age of
twenty-four years, and has lived there ever since, during more than half
a century. He owns five hundred acres of land, section twelve, township
fifty-four, range twenty-eight, well improved and in an excellent condition
of cultivation, well watered and stocked. About the first of December,
1834, Mr. Linvill was married to Miss Martha A. Stone, a native of
Kentucky, born October 13, 1818. Her parents were John and Sallie

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 713

Stone. Eleven children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Linvill, rive of whom
are yet living: James A., born December 25, 1842; John E., born Feb-
ruary 10, 1846; Bessie A., born June 21, 1865; Eliza A., born Februarv
15, 1836; Sallie A., born May 12, 1838. Mr. Linvill was engaged in the
local war against the Mormons, and was one of the party that captured
Joseph Smith, the Mormon leader. Mr. Linvill was much annoyed by
the local strife during the civil war, and lost heavily of his property. He
has, however, entirely recuperated his losses, and is in a very prosperous
condition. He is a leading farmer and an influential and prominent citizen.

MRS. HARRIET McVEY.

Mrs. McVey is the daughter of Jesse and Eleanor Brady, and was born
December 21, 1828, in Richland county, Ohio. She came with her parents
to Ray county, Missouri, at the age of nine years. They settled first near
Millville, then lived for a time in the vicinity of Knoxville, and removed to
the present place of residence in the year 1852. Our subject was first
married in the month of February, 1852, to Mr. Oliver P. Creason. They
became the parents of one child, Emma, born January 9, 1853, in Rav
county, Missouri. — Miss Emma Creason, after finishing the course in the
district schools, attended Professor Huftaker's select school at Richmond
during two terms. After leaving this academy she engaged in teaching,
in which profession she has been deservedly popular and successful. She
has taught in both this and Caldwell counties. She is the owner of one
hundred and forty acres of land, sections one and two, township fifty-four,
range twenty-eight, well improved and in cultivation. — Her husband hav-
ing died some years previous, our subject was again married on the 3d
day of April, 1860, to Mr. Alexander McVey. The issue of this marriage
was three children. Their names with date of birth as follows: Mary E.,
born February 4, 1861; Perry A., December 21, 1867; James B., May 22,
1869. Mr. McVey died at the age of thirty-seven years, and Mrs. McVey
has since remained a widow. She owns one hundred and eighty acres of
good land, about one hundred and forty acres of which are in cultivation
nicely improved with neat comfortable and convenient buildings, goodf
orchard and an abundance of pure water. Mrs. McVey is taking great
care and pains to properly rear and educate her children.

JOSEPH GOSSAGE.

Was born in Bedford county, Tennessee, on the 7th day of July, 1834.
His father, William B. Gossage, and his grandfather, Daniel Gossage,
were natives of the state of Maryland. His grandfather was one of General
Washington's soldiers, in the war of the revolution. His father emigrated
from Maryland to Tennessee, about the year 1820, and married the
45

714 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

mother of our subject, who was Miss Mary Hendrickson, after settling in
the latter state. Mr. Gossage's ancestors, on the maternal side, were
from the state of North Carolina. Soon after the birth of Joseph, his
father moved from Bedford to Blount county, Tennessee, and, after living
there for fifteen years, to Campbell count}- in East Tennessee. Here
Joseph remained until he was twenty-six years of age, and then came to
Ray county, Missouri. He spent the first year after coming in school-
teaching near the town of Knoxville, and then the civil war came, and he
enrolled in company — , Captain Grimes, and joined the state militia. He
subsequently served under both Captains Whitmer and Tiffin. He did
good service in defense of the Union his grand father had shed his blood
to found and make free. Mr. Gossage was married, on the 5th of March,
1863, to Miss Fannie Nance, daughter of Bird Nance, Esq., of Richmond.
Four children, three sons and one daughter, were born to Mr. and Mrs.
Gossage. The oldest and youngest sons are dead, the other two children,
Ella and Joseph, are living with their parents. After the war, Mr. Gos-
sage farmed for about a year, in Ray county, and then, going to Clay
county ran a stage line between Liberty and Weston. He conducted this
business for three years, and then went to farming again, in Ray county,
and continued so doing until 1873, when he was appointed, by the county
court, superintendent of the county poor farm. This institution he man-
aged very efficiently and successfully until 1881, when he declined to be
re-appointed. He then moved to a farm, which he had bought, near
Swanwick, on the St. Joseph branch of the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific
Railroad. Both Mr. Gossage and his estimable lady are members of the
Missionary Baptist Church at Richmond. Mr. Gossage has a neat, com-
fortable home, and is prospering well in business. He is a respected and
valuable citizen of Richmond township.

CLEASON ROBERTSON.

This gentleman was born in Sevier county, East Tennessee, on the 28th
day of May, 1834. His father was a farmer and the son was required to
work, as soon as large enough, upon the farm, and his advantages for secu-
ring education were not very favorable. His father removed to Missouri in
the year 1838. Our subject remained at home, working on the farm,
until he was about fourteen years of age, when he began to hire out as a
farm laborer, and make a living for himself. During the rest of the time
until his majority, young Robertson lived in Caldwell county, Missouri,
though his father remained in Ray county. At the age of twenty-three
he was married to Miss Susannah McGhee, daughter of Mr. Samuel
McGhee, of Caldwell count)-. The date of this union was September 6,
1857. They became the parents of three children, two sons and one
daughter. The daughter died in Nevada. The sons, William C, and

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 715

George Nelson, are still living with their father. At his marriage, his
father-in-law gave Mr. Robertson one hundred and thirty acres of land,
which he speedily improved, and made a comfortable home. This farm
was situated about twelve miles south-west of Kingston, in Caldwell
county, Missouri. He subsequently traded farms several times succes-
sively, moving each time to a new place, but a short distance from his
former one. Finally, in 1863, he sold the one he then possessed, and went
to California, reaching that state in August, 1863. He traveled overland,
with mule teams, taking his family with him. He remained but one
winter in California, and then ieturned to the mines of Dayton, Nevada,
where he staid for about eight years. During a part of that time he was
engaged in mining, and then he began the business of a wood merchant,
which was very profitable, and Mr. Robertson made considerable money.
He came back to Missouri in 1872, and located in Ray county. Here he
was engaged in speculating and trading for about two years. At the
expiration of that time he moved upon a farm which he had purchased
upon his return from California, about seven and a half miles northwest
of Richmond. This farm, including subsequent purchases, comprises six
hundred acres of most excellent land, well improved. Mr. Robertson
gives his attention chiefly to grain-raising and the feeding of stock. In
the year 1848 he went from Kansas City, Missouri, to old Mexico, the
trip at that time requiring four months' time. He made a similar trip in
1852, freighting goods. Mr. Robertson, his wife, and son George, are
members of the Christian Union Church, which worships at Pleasant
Valley Chapel. He is also a member of the Masonic lodge, at Knox-
ville. Cleason Robertson has had a varied experience in life, and has
seen much of different parts of the country. He has been very successful
in business, considering the disadvantages and obstacles he has had to
overcome. He is, to-day, a successful farmer, and a useful citizen of the
grand old county of Ray.

REV. WILLIAM MULLIN.

Was born in the state of Tennessee, on the 24th day of February, 1818.
His father was poor, and could not give his son such an education as he
desired. The whole family removed from Tennessee to Missouri, while
William was yet a boy, and in the schools of the latter state he received
the greater part of his scholastic training. During his entire life, he was
a hard student and an inveterate reader; in this way he became possessed
of much more knowledge than many graduates of colleges and universities.
He lived on the farm with his father, in Ray county, until he was married.
Mr. Mullin professed religion at the age of eighteen, but did not join the
church for many years afterwards. He was married, the first time, at
about the age of twenty-three years, to Miss Elizabeth Stewart. The

716 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

issue of this marriage was five children, three girls and two boys, four of
whom are now living. Mrs. Mullin died, September 13, 1848, while the
family were living near Lexington, in the Ray county bottom. The
winter following the death of his wife, Mr. Mullen bought a farm near
Albany, in Ray countv, and moved upon it. In 1849, Mr. Mullin was
again married. The lady becoming his bride at this time, was Miss
Mary Lafever, daughter of William Lafever, formerly of Ray county.
Fifteen children were born as the result of this union. Twelve of them
are now living. Though Mr. Mullin removed from place to place several
times, within the county, after his second marriage, he never changed his
residence from Ray county. In 1852, he united with the Missionary
Baptist Church at Pleasant Valley, but did not commence preaching as
an ordained minister until the year 1872. During his labors as a minister
of the gospel, he preached in several counties of North Missouri, but
principally in Ray county. He was a Master Mason, and member of the
King Hiram Lodge, No. 309, at Knoxville. He was universally esteemed
for his piety and goodness of heart, and was a popular and successful
preacher. He died on the 12th day of December, 1879, and was buried
with Masonic honors, at the family cemetery, upon his farm.

SAMUEL COLLEY.

Samuel Colley was born in Russell county, now West Virginia, on the
1st day of September, 1813. His father was a farmer, and the father of a
family of eleven children, of whom our subject was the fifth in order of
birth. His father died when Samuel was twenty-one years old, and his
older brothers and sisters having married and left home, the charge and
care of the family devolved upon him. The land was poor and worn out,
and young Colley had a hard struggle to support the family, and longed
to go to the new west, where the husbandman's labor is abundantly
repaid by bountiful harvests. He conceived the original and daring plan
of making the trip to Missouri by river, on a flat-boat. He had had con-
siderable experience during the early part of his life as a flat-boatman on
the north fork of Holston river. He prepared for his perilous journey by
building, with the assistance of his neighbors, an immense fiat-boat, during
the winter and spring of 1838-'39. Several of Mr. Colley's kinsmen and
neighbors, during the process of building the boat, became interested in
the undertaking, and a number of them determined to join the expedition,
and accompany the young adventurer on his passage to the west. Accord-
ingly, when the novel craft was finished and launched in Clinch river, in
the month of March, 1839, as many as sixty persons, including Mrs. Col-,
ley's family, embarked for Missouri upon her. They floated about two
hundred miles down Clinch river, passing dangerous rapids in safety, and
on into and down the Tennessee, thence along the Ohio river to its mouth,

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 717

where they sold the boat, and the whole company took passage on a
steamboat via St. Louis, for Lexington, Missouri, where they arrived in
safety, after having been out about six weeks, and traveled more than
fifteen hundred miles on a flat-boat. From Lexington Mr. Colley came,
with his mother's family, to Ray county, and rented a farm near the pres-
ent site of Mt. Hope Church. He afterward removed to a farm on the
east fork of Crooked river, and, after living there for about two years, he
took possession of a farm by pre-emption claim. This place he subse-
quently sold, and bought another, upon which he lived until 1866, when
he purchased and removed upon the place where he now lives. His farm
includes two hundred acres, sixty in cultivation, and the rest in pasture
land. It is located half a mile northeast of Haller, the residence being in
full view of trains passing on the St. Joseph branch of the Wabash, St.
Louis & Pacific railroad. Mr. Colley was married, the first time, in 1845,
to Miss Eliza Jane Turnadge, daughter of Elder William Turnadge. By
this marriage he became the father of seven children, one boy and six
girls. In 1865 his wife died, and three years later he was married to Mrs.
Martha McClain. This lady lived only about two years, and Mr. Colley
was subsequently married the third time. His bride this time was Mrs.
Esther Turnadge, widow of Jesse C. Turnadge, and daughter of Edwin
Odell, Esq. His second and third wives each became the mother of one
daughter. Both these girls are now living. Mr. Colley has been a mem-
ber of the regular Baptist Church for about forty-four years. The pres-
ent Mrs. Colley also belongs to the same denomination. They worship
with the congregation at Crooked Rive* Church.

HENDERSON SLOAN.

One of the largest land owners and most successful and prosperous
farmers of his section of the county. Was born in Iredell county, North
Carolina, in the month of April, 1822. His father was a farmer, and with
the hope of making his business more profitable, he removed, while Hen-
derson was quite young, to Bledsoe county, Tennessee. Here the father
died, and our subject was engaged in conducting the farm until his mar-
riage. He was married on the 21st day of August, 1845, to Miss
Rebecca Swaflbrd. The issue of this union was twelve children, all now
living except two that died in infancy. Six of them are married and the
rest are living at home. Two of the daughters are twins and so nearly
alike as to be quite indistinguishable to any but members of the family.
After his marriage Mr. Sloan continued farming in Tennessee, until 1852,
when he removed to Ray county, Missouri, and purchased land in section
29, township 53, range 28. He has, at different times since, bought more
land, until he now owns several hundred acres lying in sections 20, 29 and
30 of the same township and range. Mr. Sloan designs making, soon,

71 S HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

some additional and valuable improvements upon his fine farm. He took
but a small part in the civil war, only having been enrolled for a short
time in the state service. He engaged in no battles and remained most of
the time at home, attending to business upon his farm. Mr. Sloan is a
member of the farmers' organization known as " United Taxpayers.'*
His wife belongs to the Christian Church and his daughters are members
of the Christian Union denomination. Mrs. Sloan attends services at the
" New Church," and the young ladies at Rocky Fork school house.
Henderson Sloan continues to reside upon the same farm he settled when
first coming to Missouri, and gives his attention to the management of his
large estate. He is a very successful farmer, and a highly respected and
valuable citizen.

GEORGE SANDERSON.

George Sanderson, now (April, 1881,) assessor of Ray county, was
born while his parents were en route from Tennessee to Missouri, at the
time of their first removal to this state. The exact point at which his
birth occurred is not now definitely known, but is believed to have been
in the county of Sumner, Tennessee. The date was February 26, 1829.
His father, Edward Sanderson, was a native of the state of Virginia, and,
after coming to Missouri from Tennessee, he settled near Richmond, in
Ray county. Here he lived with his family until he was thrown from his
horse, which had taken fright at a railroad train, and killed. George
Sanderson was educated in the schools of his father's neighborhood,
which were supported by private subscription, the public schools not
having then been established. He continued working upon the old home-
stead until his marriage, in 1851, to Miss Mary A. McGaugh, daughter
of John B. McGaugh, M. D., formerly of Ray county, now deceased.
At the time of his marriage, Mr. Sanderson was living upon a farm five
miles west of Richmond. His wife died on the 27th day of June, 1861,
and he afterwards married Miss Margaret Parrott, of Ray county. Mr.
Sanderson is the father of seven children, five by his first wife, and two
by the second. The eldest, a daughter of the first Mrs. Sanderson, is
dead. The others are living, and three of them are married. In 1865,
Mr. Sanderson purchased the farm upon which he now resides. It is sit-
uated in section eighteen, township fifty-three, range twenty-eight. He
was appointed justice of the peace in his township by the county court,
in 1867, and after serving in that capacity for two years, he was elected
for a term of four years, and was filling the office at the time of his elec-
tion to the office of assessor of Ray county, in 1880. He received the
nomination in the democratic convention over six competitors. He had
formerly served as deputy assessor, and brought experience as well as
ability to the discharge of the duties of the office. Mr. Sanderson has

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 719

twice taken the census of this county, once in 1876, and then again in
1880. He is a member of the M. E. Church South, and has been for
more than twenty years. Mrs. Sanderson is a member of the Missionary
Baptist Church, and two of the children belong to the Christian Union
Church. Mr. Sanderson is also a Mason, with membership in Harmony
Lodge No. 384, at Vibbard. A large portion of . his life has been spent
in public service, and he has discharged his duties so ably and so effi-
ciently as to retain the respect and support of the people.

GEORGE E. ROBINSON.

This gentleman is a native of the state of Pennsylvania. He was born
on the 2d day of May, 1S60. When he was about eight years of age,
his father removed to the state of Iowa, but remained there only seven
months, and then came to Ray county, Missouri. Here he purchased a
home and at once commenced farming. George attended school in the
winter season, and assisted with the farm work during the summer, until
the death of his father, in the autumn of 1870. The mother of our sub-
ject married again in 1877, and he began work for himself. In the month
of February, 1881, George E. Robinson was married to Miss Lillian
Stonum, daughter of John Stonum, Esq., of Ray county. Mr. Robinson
is a member of the Christian Union Church, and a very worthy young
man. He resides with his wife on the farm his father owned, and is
doing his part in the great work of developing the agricultural resources
of his native county.

M. B- CRAVEN.

Max. B. Craven was born in Giles county, Tennessee, on the 12th day
of June 1850. His father was a farmer and drover, who engaged largely
in selling stock in the southern markets. When our subject was three
years old his father removed from Tennessee to Ray county, Missouri,
and here Maximilian has alwavs since lived. He was attending school in
1861, but the further prosecution of his studies was interrupted by the
outbreak of the civil war. After attaining his majority he remained at
home until the death of his father, and then he exchanged his interest in
the homestead, one-sixth, with his brother-in-law, Wiley Harris, Esq., for
the farm on Crooked river, in section six, township fifty-three, range
twenty-eight, upon which Mr. Craven now resides. Max. B. Craven was
married on the 14th day of March, 1878, to Miss Mary Frances Thomp-
son, daughter of Joseph Thompson, formerly a resident of Ray county.
One child has been born to Mr. and Mrs. Craven, a promising son, now
about two years old. Soon after his marriage Mr. Craven returned to his
farm on Crooked river, and has since lived there. In 1S80 Mrs. Craven
inherited a tract of land lying in township fifty-three, range twenty-eight,

720 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

which Mr. Craven has since controlled, not farming it himself, but renting
it to others. He has a very excellent farm, and intends making extensive
improvements upon it in the near future. Both Mr. and Mrs. Craven are
highly esteemed for their good qualities by their neighbors and friends.
They are both young, and have just started upon the journey of practical
life, but having made so propitious a commencement, they will no doubt
live long and happily.

J. B. RUSSELL.

John Boyd Russell was born in the state of Maryland on the 16th day
of September 1811. In John's boyhood his father, Mr. R. Russell,
removed his family to Mason county, Virginia, now Jackson county, West
Virginia, where they continued to reside, except during four years spent
in Ohio, until John was grown. Such educational advantages as he had
were received in the schools of Virginia. Though his early education
was to some extent neglected, he has by subsequent study, and almost
constant perusal of standard works of literature, become possessed of a
fund of useful knowledge. Mr. Russell immigrated from Virginia to Ray
county, Missouri, in 1856, and settled upon the farm where he now resides,
in sections five and eight, township fifty-three, range twenty-eight. This
farm comprises four hundred and eighteen acres of productive and valu-
able land, well improved, with good comfortable dwellings, strong fences,
etc., is situated on the ivest fork of Crooked river. Mr. Russell has been
twice married, first, before leaving Virginia, in the year 1834, to Miss
Sarah McKnown. She died in 1863, and he was subsequently married to
Mrs. Francis M. Thompson, widow of B. N. Thompson. Mr. Russell is
the father of nine children, all the issue of his first marriage; only four of
them are living and they are all married. In religious belief Mr. Russell
inclines to Universalism. He has never been a member of the church or
an}' secret society or organization. He was justice of the peace for four
3_ears in this county, and also served in that capacity in Virginia. Mr.
Russell is a successful, prosperous farmer, and an esteemed and influential
citizen of the community in which he lives.

GRANVILLE CRENSHAW.

The subject of this sketch is an enterprising and prosperous young
farmer, and a native of the state of Missouri, having been born in Jack-
son county, on the 31st day of January, 1847. His father, Robert A.
Crenshaw, removed from Jackson county while Granville was an infant,
and settled in Ray couuty, section four, township fifty-three, range
twenty-eight. Here, engaged in working upon his father's farm, our sub-
ject grew up. In obtaining an education, he received the advantages of the
district schools in the locality of his home. In #the month of October,

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 721

1876, Granville Crenshaw was married to Miss Martha L. Thompson,
daughter of J. A. Thompson, Esq., of Kansas City. Two children have
been born of this union, both boys and both living. Soon after his mar-
riage, Mr. Crenshaw became the owner of a fine farm of three hundred
and twenty acres, lying on the ridge just east of the west fork of
Crooked river. On this farm Mr. Crenshaw has since resided. Mrs.
Crenshaw, a very estimable lady, is a member of the Methodist Episco-
pal Church South. Mr. Crenshaw has a valuable farm, a handsome,
comfortable residence, and is a rising young farmer, and a valuable mem-
ber of the community in which he lives.

AARON TEEGARDEN.

Aaron Teegarden is a Virginian. He was born in Mason county, (now
West Virginia), on June 10, 1816. His father, Job Teegarden, moved to
the state of Ohio about the year 1826, and settled in Knox county. Here
our subject received the principal part of his scholastic training, and after
attaining his majority, came to Ray county, Missouri. He was just begin-
ning life for himself, and was without means and a " stranger among
strangers." Nothing else offering to be done, he hired out as a laborer,
and engaged in chopping wood and making rails, and doing anything that
he could find to do in order to make a living. Out of the wages of his
labor he saved money enough in about a year to enter forty acres of land,
and soon after he bought another tract of the same size. To this farm he
continued to add other purchases from time to time, as this means would
allow, until at the age of twenty-six years, he was the owner of a good
farm of one hundred and sixty acres of valuable land. In the month of
March, 1845, Mr. Teegarden was married to Miss Nancy Cummings,
daughter of Moses Cummings, Esq., of Ray countv. They became the
parents of seven children, all of whom are now living, and five of them,
two sons and three daughters, are now married. Mrs. Teegarden died in
the year 1S74, and Mr. Teegarden afterwards married Mrs. Philanda
Shanks, a lady whose husband had been killed in the civil war. Mr.
Teegarden has always taken much interest in politics, and great care and
pains to keep himself informed respecting events in the political world.
He is the owner of a fine, fertile farm of six hundred and twenty acres of
bottom land, in a high state of cultivation and well improved. It is situ-
ated in sections three, nine and ten, township fifty-three, range twenty-
eight. Though he began life as a poor, friendless youth, he is now the
possessor of a competency, and highly esteemed by all who know him.

722 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

WILLIAM J. SMITH.

This gentleman was born in Carroll county, Missouri, on the 10th day
of September, 1829. His grandfather, on the maternal side, Mr. Barnes
was a native of Germany, who settled, at an early day, in Boonslick, Vir-
ginia, and lived there during the war of American independence. Mr.
Barnes was the brother-in-law of Daniel Boone, the great Kentucky pio-
neer. The father of the subject of this sketch, George Smith, was a
farmer of Carroll county, Missouri. He was accidentally drowned while
on a bee hunt in Livingston county. William J. Smith was educated in
the schools of his native county, and at the age of twenty-one years com-
menced teaming in the town of Dewitt, and followed that business for
ten years. In September, 1850, he was married to Miss Minerva Smith,
daughter of Mr. Moses Smith, of Carroll county. Though this lady had
the same name, she was not connected by blood relationship to Mr. Smith.
He removed to Tarrant county, Texas, in the autumn of 1853, and farmed
there for about four years, and then came back to Dewitt. Soon after his
return, in 1858, his wife died, and he was married again to Mrs. N. A.
Adkins, a widow. Mr. Smith is the father of four children, whose
mother was his first wife. Three of them are living and married. Six
months after his second marriage, Mr. Smith removed to Ray county,
and bought the farm upon which he lives. It now includes two hundred
and twenty-seven acres of rich and productive land. Mr. Smith's favorite
occupation is dealing in live stock, but his health has been so poor of late,
as to prevent his engaging in that business. He is a successful farmer
and a sharp, shrewd and experienced trader. He is also a good neighbor
and a valuable citizen.

JOSEPH B. PERRY.

Was born in Shelby county, Indiana, on the 12th day of January,
1842. His parents removed to Edgar county, Illinois, when he was but
four years old, and there he received his education and lived until the
commencement of the civil war. He enlisted August 24, 186.1, in company
H, 29th Illinois infantry, and was engaged in the battles of Fort Donel-
son, Shiloh and Holly Springs. At the last named battle he was taken
prisoner and paroled on the field. He was again captured by the enemy
at Woodville, Mississippi, and confined in prison, first at Meridian, Missis-
sippi, and then again at Mobile, Alabama. After spending six months in
the military prisons at the above mentioned places, he made his escape,
and again joining his command, was sent to Texas, and remained there
until he was discharged about the 1st of December, 1865. He at once
returned to Edgar county, Illinois, and remained there until January, 1867,
and then went back to his native state of Indiana, and lived there until the

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 723

year 1869. In the month of August, 1869, he came to Missouri, and
located in Ray county, upon the farm where he now resides, section
twelve, township fifty-four, range twenty-six. This place consists of two
hundred and sixty acres of excellent farming land, well stocked and
improved, a neat, comfortable dwelling, and a thrifty young orchard.
Mr. Perry was married on the 27th of December, 1867, to Miss Sarah
E. Tindall, a native of Shelby county, Indiana. They have five children,
named as follows, viz.: Oren E., Eunice E., Ida May, Everett E., and
Joseph B. Both Mr. and Mrs. Perry are consistent members of the M-.
E. Church.

MIFFLIN B. WEEKS.

Was born in the state of North Carolina in the year 1821. His father
having died while our subject was in infancy, he was taken to be raised
by an uncle. When he was ten years old his uncle removed with him to
the state of Illinois, and a year later to Patrick county, Virginia. Here
our subject lived until he was grown. Being an orphan, he was com-
pelled at an early age to work for his own subsistance, and, in conse-
quence, his advantages for obtaining an education were very meager. In
1843 he removed to Floyd county, and, after spending two years there,
to Mercer county, where he made his home for thirteen years. Mr.
Weeks was married on the 15th day of May, 1840, to Miss Eurah, a
native of the state of Virginia, born and raised in the region of the Blue
Ridge mountains. They are the parents of seven children living and one
dead. The names of those living are: Martha E., John H., Nancy C,
Louisa J., Benjamin G., Charles M., and Joseph A. The name of the
child they lost by death was William J. Mr. Weeks came to Missouri
in 1859, landing at Lexington, March 7, and located in Ray county, where
he has since lived constantly, except during five years spent in Caldwell
county, Missouri. He located on his present farm, section 2, township 54,
range 26, in June, 1880. Mrs. Weeks is a member of the Christian
Church, and was formerly a member of the regular Baptist Church for
the space of thirty-five years. Mr. Weeks is an industrious, thrifty
farmer, and a valuable aid to the development of the material wealth of
his adopted county.

Jacob A. Weeks, youngest son of Mifflin B. Weeks, was born in Ray
county, Missouri, October 15, 1864. He is a very industrious and exem-
plary young man, and well thought of by all who know him. He is at
present living on the farm with his parents.

724 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

JOHN C. SHRUM.

This gentleman was born in Caldwell county, Missouri, on the 6th day
of April, 1846, and received his education and grew up there. In the
spring of 1S72, he bought a new prairie farm, in sight of his birth place,
just across the county line, in Ray. This place he fenced and improved
by building a comfortable house. He has, in all, two hundred acres of
excellent farming land, all under fence, except twenty acres of woodland.
Eighty acres of this place are in Ray, the remainder in Caldwell county,
Its products are corn, oats, and grass. Mr. Shrum is engaged, quite exten-
sively, in raising cattle. He has been a life-long farmer and stock-raiser.
The father of our subject, Mr. John L. Shrum, came to this county, at a
very early day, from North Carolina. He subsequently spent about four
years in Illinois, and on his return from that state to Missouri, brought
with him a reaping machine, said to have been the first introduced in Ray
county. During the late civil war, Mr. Shrum was enrolled in the state
militia, but was not in active service at any time. He was married, on the
18th day of August, 1867, to Miss Caroline McBee, a native of Ray
county, and daughter of James and Elizabeth McBee. They are the
parents of six children, five of whom are now living: Carrie E., John L.,
Ida May, Samuel L., Dennis N. (now dead), and Mary C. Mrs. Shrum
is a worthy member of the M. E. Church. Mr. Shrum is an enterprising,
successful farmer, and a good citizen.

COL. CHARLES B. KAVANAUGH.

This distinguished soldier and farmer was born at Booneville, in Cooper
county, Missouri, in the year 1822, and has always lived in the counties
of Cooper, Lafayette, Carroll and Ray, respectively. He was reared to
farming, and has nearly all his life pursued that avocation or the kindred
one of raising and dealing in cattle and other live stock. As a notable
exception to this course of life may be mentioned the fact of his having
been a merchant at Lexington, Missouri, from the year 1851 until the
commencement of the civil war, the space of about ten years. On the
14th of December, 1861, Mr. Kavanaugh left Lexington, Missouri, with
a full company of recruits, for the southern army. In camp, midway
between Osceola and Springfield, the company was organized, and Mr.
Kavanaugh elected captain. Soon after they joined General Sterling
Price's command, and went into winter quarters. After the battle of Pea
Ridge, the regiment to which Captain Kavanaugh's company belonged
was reorganized, and he received the appointment to command it with
the commission of colonel in the C. S. A. His competitor for this posi-
tion was Jo. O. Shelby, afterwards general. Colonel Kavanaugh's reg-
iment was ordered, under command of Brigadier General Green, to Mem-

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 725

phis, and on the march participated with General Beauregards's com-
mand in the battle of Corinth, Mississippi. He was, subsequently, engaged
in the battles of Little Rock, Dardanelle, and assisted in the capture of
a Federal gunboat on White river. Colonel Kavanaugh served with
much distinction and great bravery throughout the war. He was greatly
beloved and honored by the soldiers of his command. His regiment was
often under fire in the thickest part of the fight, and Colonel Kavanaugh
repeatedly had his horse killed from under him while charging the ene-
my's guns at the head of his command. During the last year of tha war
he suffered much from sickness, and, although all communication with his
home had long been cut off, his wife finally heard of his illness, and, after
making her way through the Union lines, and being detained about three
weeks at Little Rock, joined her husband, and remained with him during
the continuance of the war. To Mrs. Kavanaugh's tender, careful nurs-
ing during his illness, her husband, in all probability, owes the preserva-
tion of his life. At the close of the war, Colonel Kavanaugh was dis-
charged from the army at Austin, Texas, and the winter following
returned home to Missouri. Everything, in the way of property, he had
possessed, was lost by the war. In his devotion to the cause he thought
just, all had been sacrificed. A friend kindly furnished him with the nec-
essary means, and the colonel began dealing in Texas cattle, and soon
recuperated his financial condition. In 1866, he moved to Carroll county,
Missouri, and engaged in farming there for about five years, and in 1871,
came to Ray county and commenced improving his present place, on the
prairie, in section nineteen, township fifty-four, range twenty-six. This is
a fine farm of five hundred and sixty acres of excellent farming land, well
improved, with good buildings, and inclosed by stone, plank and rail
fences. Upon the farm are two thrifty young orchards of apple, peach
and other fruit trees. Colonel Kavanaugh continues to pay special atten-
tion to the raising and feeding of cattle. He is a leading member of the
Christian Church, and of the Wakanda Grange, P. of H. Colonel Kav-
anaugh was also a soldier in the war with Mexico. He served during the
entire war, and was sergeant in company B, Colonel A. W. Doniphan's
regiment, 1st Missouri cavalry. The principal battles in which he was
engaged were Brazito and Sacramento, though he participated in several
minor engagements. Colonel Kavanaugh has been twice married. First
in 1850, to Miss Eliza James. The issue of this union was one daughter,
Fanny C, now the wife of P. M. Grove, and living at Los Angelos, Cal-
ifornia. Mrs. Kavanaugh died in 1852, and the colonel was subsequently
married to Miss Mary A. Rea, daughter of Judge Edmond Rea. She is
a native of Virginia, but came to Missouri when a child. They became
the parents of nine children, named as follows, viz: Edmond R., Charles
A., Archie W., Lee Davis, Mary P., Genevieve S., Katie Dixie, Joseph

720 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

Baxter and Robert C. Colonel Kavanaugh is one of the best, most prom-
inent and influential citizens of Ray county.

JACOB HUSKISSON.

Jacob Huskisson was born in east Tennessee on the 8th day of Jan-
uary, 1839, and lived there until he was fourteen years of age. His
father was a blacksmith, and he taught that trade to his son. In 1853
our subject went to Bradley county, and was engaged there working at
his trade, until he was seventeen years of age, and then went to Ala-
bama, and followed farming until 1861. He then returned to east Ten-
nessee, and farmed in his native state for about two years longer. In the
year 1863, he enlisted in company B, Eighth regiment, Tennesse cavalry
Union volunteers, and was engaged in the fight at Knoxville, Tennessee,
and in other battles. He was discharged at the close of the war, at
Knoxville. He at once returned to his home, and resumed work at his
trade, and continued it there until 1S69, when he came to Richmond, Ray
county, Missouri. Here he engaged in farming, for about four years,
and then, after going to Carroll county, and remaining there one year, he
moved to Girard, Illinois, and worked at his trade there for two years.
Returning to Carroll county, Missouri, he followed blacksmithing there
for about two years, and then in the month of August, 1880, came again
to Ray county, and settling at Tinney's grove, opened a blacksmith shop
and has continued there working at his trade till the present time, April,
1881. Mr. Huskisson was married in the year 1868, to Miss Rhoda
Wilson, a native of Tennessee. They have six children, named, respect-
ively: Emmett, Jacob, Elizabeth, John, William and George. Mr. and
Mrs. Huskisson are both members of the Missionary Baptist Church.

WILLIAM RUSSELL.

The subject of this sketch is a native of Washington county, Virginia.
He was born on the 1st day ol March, 1813. Left his native county in
childhood, on the removal of his parents to Marion county, Tennessee,
and lived there until he attained his majority. He was reared on a farm,
and received fair educational advantages. In the autumn of 1838 he
came to Ray county, Missouri, and located near Millville. Here he was
occupied in farming until 1S58, when he removed to Knoxville, and
engaged for a number of years in mercantile business there. In the
spring of 1868 he removed to Russellville, and has since resided in that
place, where he has a residence, store building, and several other lots.
Mr. Russell has held various offices of trust in Ray county. He was first
elected, in 1846, to the office of constable, and served in that capacity, for
six years. He was elected justice of the peace in 1852, and has held the
office, almost uninterruptedly for nearly thirty years, and in all his admin-

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 727

istration has had but two appeals taken from his judgement, and they
were affirmed by the higher courts. He has, also, held the office of
notary public for the space of seven years, and still has a year or more of
his present term to serve. He is a member of the Knoxville Lodge of
A. F. & A. M., and has several times been elected by his brethren to
offices in the lodge. Mr. Russell was married on the 20th day of Octo-
ber, 1832, to Miss Tansom Burgess, a native of Virginia. The}' are the
parents of eight children: Cynthia A., Elijah B., Sarah E., George W.,
Matilda T., Missouri C, Mary E., and Emeline C. The last named is
dead. Both Mr. and Mrs. Russell, and all the children, but one, are
members of the M. E. Church South. Mr. Russell and his estimable
lady have been members of that church for more than half a century.
Our subject has been all his life very strictly temperate, and moral. The
offices he has held for such great length of time bear testimony to the
high esteem in which he is held by his fellow men.

W. B. CARPENTER, M. D.

This gentleman was born in Madison county, Virginia, on the 13th dav
of September, 1827. He received a classical education, and began the
study of medicine at the age of nineteen years. He completed the course,
graduating from the Medical University of Pennsylvania, at Philadelphia,
in the year 1849, and the following spring commenced the practice of his
profession in the Shenandoah Valley, of Virginia, and continued it there,
until 1856. He came to Missouri on the 29th day of April, 1856, and
located in Lafayette county, where he lived about two years, and then,
going to Carroll county, practiced medicine there, for some five years.
In February, 1865, he came to Russellville, Ray county, where he located
permanently, and has ever since practiced his profession there. He has
a fine residence, good barn, orchard, etc., and is very well situated to live
comfortably and happily. Dr. Carpenter was married in the year 1852, to
Miss Martha C. Winsborough, a native of Virginia, and daughter of
William and Julia Winsborough. Six children have been born
of this union, named as follows: Emma V., Thomas W., Alice G.,
Minnie Lee, Joseph and Archie. Dr. Carpenter was a member of the I.
O. O. F. in Virginia, and is now a member of the Millville Lodge, of the
order of A. F. & A. M. Mrs. Carpenter is a member of the Christian
Church. Dr. Carpenter is a successful, able and popular physician, and a
highly respected and valuable citizen.

F. M. FERREE.

F. M. Ferree was born in Franklin county, Pennsylvania, in the year
1821, and lived in that vicinity until he was nineteen years old. His
parents died when he was very young, and he was thrown upon his own

728 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

resources, in the world alone. At the age of thirteen years he began to
learn the carpenter's and joiner's trade, and, after finishing his apprentice-
ship, followed that avocation for about twenty-one years, and during the
last fifteen years of that time, carried on the business quite extensively.
In 1843 he went to Wayne county, Ohio, and spent about a year; then to
Tippecanoe county Indiana, where he lived about the same length of
time. From Indiana he removed to Monroe county, Michigan, and lived
there for the space of twenty years. In the spring of 1865, he moved
from Michigan to Seneca county, Ohio, and lived there until 1867, when
he came to Ray county, Missouri, and located at Morton. After remain-
ing at Morton for four years, he removed to Russellville, and lived there
during the same period of time as at Morton. In the month of Decem-
ber, 1874, he moved to his present location, section 16, township 53, range
26, where he has about eighty acres of fine farming land, nearly all in cul-
tivation and unusually well fenced. This farm is abundantly watered, hav-
ing seven good wells, besides running streams all the year. Mr. Ferree
has a comfortable house, a very convenient and large barn, an orchard of
choice fruit trees, and a vineyard. He owns, beside this home place, 190
acres of land, of which 160 acres are in cultivation. Mr. Ferree takes
great interest in bees, and has a large, handsome apiary, well filled with
hives. He is thoroughly acquainted with the business of handling bees,
having been engaged at it for thirty years. Some of his hives yield more
than one hundred pounds of honey in one season. He learned the wagon
making and blacksmithing trade, in 1859, and conducted a business of that
kind until two years ago. Mr. Ferree was married in the year 1848, to
Miss Deborah A. Watkins, a native of the state of New York. They
became the parents of nine children, seven of whom are now living:
Boyd W., Mary A., James E., Hall, Milton T., Guy and Anna; one son,
and an infant daughter are dead. Mr. Ferree is a worthy member of
Myrtle Lodge, of A. F. & A. M., at Millville. He is a successful, pros-
perous farmer, and a good citizen.

BOYD W. FERREE.

Boyd W. Ferree, son of F. M. Ferree, was born in the state of Michi-
gan on the 14th day of October, 1850. There he lived until he was four-
teen years of age, and then went with his parents to Seneca county, Ohio,
where they remained about two years. In the spring of 1867, he came to
Ray county, Missouri, and located temporarily, at the town of Morton.
Three years afterward he went to Russellville, Ray county, and there
engaged in blacksmithing. In January, 1878, he opened a shop on his
own account at Russellville, and has since conducted the blacksmithing
business in that place. He now owns a comfortable residence with a
small orchard, and is doing a good business at his shop. He also has sev-

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 729

eral other lots besides the one upon which his residence and shop are sit-
uated. Mr. Ferree was married in the year 1876, to Miss Nancy W.
Belcher, a native of Virginia. Mrs. Ferree is a consistent member of the
Christian Church. Mr. Ferree is a skillful workman and commands an
extensive patronage.

ABRAHAM POPE.

The subject of this article is a native of Boyle county, Kentucky. He
was born in the year 1835. He grew up on a farm, and followed the bus-
ines of farming in his native state, until the spring of 1857, when he came
to Missouri. He located in Ray county, upon the same farm where he
now lives, (section four, township fifty -three, range twenty-six). This
place was originally only two hundred and forty acres of land, but by sub-
sequent purchases Mr. Pope has extended it until now his possessions
embrace four hundred and seventy acres of excellent farming and pasture
lands, enclosed by good plank and rail fences, and improved with a fine
residence, good barn and orchard. Mr. Pope is engaged quite extensively
in raising and feeding cattle and hogs for market. He raises Berk-
shire and Poland China hogs exclusively. Mr. Pope was married
on the 16th day of December, 1856, to Miss Susan Bright, a native of
the state of Kentucky. They have seven children living, named as fol-
lows: Armstead H., Lydia A., Elizabeth, Mary F., Effie May and
George W. (twins), and Samuel Henry. The father of our subject, Mr.
George H. Pope, was also a native of Kentucky. He died in 1846, aged
fifty years. His mother, Mrs. Delilah (Bright) Pope, was born in the
same state as her husband. She died very recently, at the age of seventy-
five years. Both her mother and father were also natives of Kentucky.
Mr. Pope is a member of Myrtle Lodge, A. F. & A. M. at Millville.
He is a practical, successful farmer and stock-raiser, and a prominent and
valuable citizen of Grape Grove township.

JAMES T. CAMPBELL.

James T. Campbell was born in Lafayette county, Missouri, in the year
1844. When he was three years old his parents removed to Kentucky,
and lived there some six or seven years. At the expiration of that time
they came back to Missouri, and located in Ray county, and here our
subject has since resided. He began farming on his own account in the
year 1866. In the month of April, 1880, he removed to his present place,
section three, township fifty-three, range twenty-six^ where he owns eighty
acres of improved land, with residence, barn, and other buildings. The
farm is all inclosed with either rail, board, or hedge fences. Mr. Camp-
bell was married in the year 1864, to Miss Mollie A. Freeman, a native of
46

730 HISTORY OF RAY COUNT V

Missouri. The issue of this union was five children. Their names fol-
low: Dora, Alexander I., Stella, Thornton, and Emma. Mr. Campbell
enlisted in September, 1862, in company D, 35th Missouri volunteers,
Union infantry, and was engaged in the battle of Helena, Arkansas, and a
number of smaller engagements. He was discharged in July, 1865. His
father, Mr. A. R. Campbell, is a native of Pennsylvania, and his mother,
Matilda (Freeman) Campbell, is a native of the state of Kentucky. Both
his parents are now living in Ray county, Missouri. Mr. Campbell also
owns, in addition to the lands mentioned above, one hundred and fifteen
acres of farming, pasture, timber, and coal lands in another locality. He
is a leading farmer, and a valuable member of the community in which he
resides.

FRANKLIN McBEE.

Was born in Ray county Missouri, in the year 1840, and has lived here
ever since. He has been all his life engaged in farming, beginning on his
own account to do business in 1861. Five years afterward he settled upon
the farm where he now resides, section four, township fifty-three, range
twenty-six. Here he owns a valuable farm of one hundred and seventy
acres, in a tine state of cultivation and handsomely improved. He is turn-
ing his attention to stock-raising, and intends, in the near future, to make
it a specialty, as his farm is especially adapted to grass growing. Mr.
McBee was married in the year 1862, to Miss Susan F. Gentry, daughter
of B. B. and Narcissa Gentry, and born in Ray county, Missouri. Mr.
McBee and wife are the parents of seven children, named as follows:
Mary Jane, Martha Ellen, Benjamin F., Edward P., Nora F., Everett M.,
and Jessie E. In the autumn of 1864, to escape troubles growing out of
the civil war, Mr. McBee took refuge in Nebraska, and remained there
about eighteen months, until the war was over and peace restored, and
then returned to his home in Ray county. Mr. McBee, his wife and
their eldest daughter, are members of the M. E. Church South. His
father, Mr. Daniel McBee, was a native of Ohio. He died in 1846, aged
forty-seven years. His mother, Catherine, was born in Ohio. She is still
living in Ray county, Missouri. Mr. McBee is a leading, practical and
successful farmer and stock-raiser, and is greatly respected by the com-
munity in which he resides.

W. S. WOLLARD.

William S. Wollard was born in Ray county, near Richmond, in the
year 1847, and has lived all his life in this county. His father, Mr. John
Wollard, was a native of North Carolina. He came to Missouri when it
was a territory, and settling in Ray county, cleared and improved the
land where Richmond is situated. He afterward donated land to aid in

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 731

building up the town. John Wollard died in May, 1878, aged seventy-
seven years. Our subject began farming and stock-raising on his
own account in the spring of 1867, and the next year moved to his
present location, section 8, township 53, range 26. He continued living
on his farm until 1875, when he commenced a general merchandising bus-
iness at Russellville, and followed it until the year 1879. He then returned
to his farm, and has lived there ever since. This farm comprises 330
acres of very fertile land, the principal part of which is in cultivation and
well fenced and improved. In 1868, Mr. Wollard began with ninety acres
of land and a log cabin, and as the result of his enterprise, perseverance,
and industry he now has this fine large farm, with a dwelling house ele-
gantly appointed and conveniently arranged for comfort and ease, an
orchard of some three or four hundred bearing trees of the best varieties
of fruit, and his pastures filled with fine-bred stock, and his barns and
granaries full of the rich products of his fields. Mr. Wollard was mar-
ried in 1868, to Miss Maddie Barham, a native of the state of North Caro-
lina. The result of this union was seven children, all of whom are living,
named as follows: Nettie Frances, William F., Walter L., Ollie Belle,
Robert Jackson, Nannie E., and Henry A. Mr. Wollard is largely
engaged in raising, feeding and shipping live-stock. He handles only the
best classes of hogs and cattle. He is a member of the M. E. Church
South, and also belongs to Wakanda Grange No. 935, P. of H. He is a
prominent and very successful farmer, and a leading and influential
citizen.

JOHN L. BARHAM.

The subject of this article was born in North Carolina in the month of
December, 1820. He was educated in his native state, and pursued the
business of farming there, until he was about twenty-seven years of age.
In the spring of 1848 he came to Ray county, Missouri, and located on a
farm near Albany. After living there about six years, he came to his
present farm, section two, township fifty-three, range twenty-six, and has
lived there ever since. He owns two hundred and nineteen acres of
excellent land, well improved and watered, a fine orchard bearing an
abundance of choice fruit, and all under good fence. Mr. Barham is in a
highly prosperous condition, and has entirely recuperated the heavy dam-
ages and losses of property he sustained during the civil war. He was
married, in 1846, to Miss Elizabeth Frazer, a native of the state of North
Carolina. They have thirteen children: William F., Frances M., James
N., Balaam, John, Ann, Robert L., Joseph, Thomas, Elizabeth, Lutie,
Charles and George. Mr. Barham's father, Balaam Barham, was a
native of North Carolina. He died about the year 1850, aged sixty-three
years. His mother, Elizabeth, was a native of the same state. She died

732 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

at the age of seventy-four years, after coming with her son to Ray
county, Missouri. Ever since the year 1859, our subject has been devot-
ing especial attention and care to raising, feeding and shipping live stock.
He has made the business very successful and profitable. He is a mem-
ber of Myrtle Ledge No. 338, A. F. & A. M., at Millville, and also of
Cyrus Royal Arch Chapter, No. 36, at Richmond.

SILAS C. ROBINSON.

This gentleman is a native of Kentucky. He was born October 24,
1832. His father, Michael Robinson, was a native of Virginia. He was
born December 14, 1804, and died December 27, 1861. His mother, Mar-
garet Robinson, was born in Kentucky, on the 1st day of April, 1812, and
is still living in that state at this time — April, 18S1. Our subject lived in
Kentucky until after he had acquired his education, and attained man-
hood's estate. In the spring of 1854 he came to Missouri, and, locating
in Jackson county, remained there for about three years. He then went
back to Kentucky, but, remaining there only a few months, came to Ray
county, Missouri, in the spring of 1857, and bought land here. Soon after
he went again to Jackson county, Missouri, and lived there about eighteen
months. Returning to Ray county in 1860, he located upon his present
farm, section ten, township fifty-three, range twenty-six. Here he owns
two hundred and seventy acres of good land, two hundred and forty
acres of which is in cultivation, under good fences of rails and hedge.
The farm is well watered, having one running spring and a half dozen
wells. Mr. Robinson has a handsome and commodious dwelling house,
a good barn and other buildings; also, a fine bearing orchard, and an
abundance of small fruits and berries. He is devoting his attention largely
to raising and dealing in the best classes of live stock. Mr. Robinson was
married on the 17th day of January, 1861, to Miss Margaret J. Bright, a
native of Lincoln county, Kentucky. They have seven children, named
as follows: Lillian, WilliamF., John Bright, Mollie M., Lucy May, Lot-
tie Belle, and Charles Edgar. Mr. Robinson is a member of Wakanda
Grange, No. 935, P. of H. He is a successful, prosperous farmer and
stock-raiser, and a valuable citizen.

REUBEN VANTRUMP.

Is a native of Rockingham county, Virginia. He was born in the year
1826. He was reared and lived on a farm till he was twenty years old,
and then learned the blacksmithing trade, though he never pursued it, as
a business, in after life. In the year 1854, he went to Indiana, and engaged
in farming there for about six years, and then, in 1860, began operating a
saw-mill, and followed that business for eight years. He then sold his saw-
mill property and bought a farm, and lived upon it until the fall of 1875,

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 733

when he came to Missouri. He stopped the first winter after coming to the
state, in the town of Norborne, in Carroll county, but the next spring came
to Ray county, and settled where he now resides, section fifteen, township
fifty-three, range twenty-six. Mr. Vantrump was married, in the year 1848,
to Miss Diana Carnes, a native of Virginia. Mr. and Mrs. Vantrump have
three children living: John C, Americus V., and Medici Belle. John Van-
trump, father of our subject, was a native of Virginia; born in 1799; died
in 1870. He was a member of the German Reformed Church, for a
great number of years prior to his death. The grandfather of our subject
came across the Atlantic in the same ship with Peter Stuyvesant, the "last
and best governor" of New Amsterdam (now New York). Reuben Van-
trump's mother was a native of Rockingham county, Virginia, and was
born in 1806. She died in 1874. Mr. Vantrump is a member of the I.
O. O. F. He owns a valuable farm of very productive land, which he
manages very successfully. He is a good neighbor, and a very valuable
citizen.

BENJAMIN B. GENTRY.

Benjamin B. Gentry was born in Columbia, Boone county, Mo., in the
year 1828, and lived there until ten years of age, when his parents removed
with him to Monroe county, Missouri. There he received his education
and lived about twelve years. Mr. Gentry was married in the year 1847,
to Miss Narcissa E. Wallard. Three children were born of this union :
Susan F., Nancy Jane, Mary C. In the spring of 1850, he came to Ray
county, and leaving his wife at Richmond, started overland to California.
He was one of a large company, and they made the journey to the land of
gold, in just four months from the date of starting, reaching their destina-
tion on the 1st day of September. They had the good fortune to escape
the cholera which was raging at that time in a very virulent form through-
out the country, and especially on the route to the west. Mr. Gentry
remained in California, mining, for about fourteen months, and then
returned to Missouri by water, reaching Richmond Christmas night, 1851.
He soon after bought a farm just west of Russellville, and lived there
eighteen years, engaged in farming and stock-raising. He then moved to
his present location, section four, township fifty-three, range twenty-six,
where he owns five hundred and ten acres of excellent land, nearlv all in
one body, well watered and the principal part of it in cultivation, well
improved, handsome comfortable residence, two fine orchards, a very con-
venient, large roomy barn, other out-buildings, and everything necessarv
to the full equipment of a first-class modern farm. Mr. Gentry devotes a
great deal of attention to raising and feeding live stock, and has done so
for many years. His first wife died in 1858, and he afterwards married
Miss Sarah McKenzie, a native of Virginia. The result of this union was

734 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

nine children, named as follows: Alelia E., Benjamin Mc, James S.,
Alice Belle, David J., John S., William Edward, dead, Charles N., and
Effie Maud. Both Mr. and Mrs. Gentry are leading members of the
Christian Church. He is also a member of Myrtle Lodge, No. 338, A. F.
& A, M. at Millville, and of Wakanda Grange No. 935, P. of H. He is a
prominent farmer and an influential citizen.

CHARLES L. BOWEN.

Charles L. Bowen was born in Ohio, in the year 1830. He received a
liberal education in his youth, and continued to remain at home until the
commencement of the civil war. He enlisted about the first of June,
1863, and by the middle of the month was commissioned captain of com-
pany F, 7th Ohio volunteer infantry. In July following, he was promoted
to a lieutenant-colonelcy and assigned to the same regiment, and remained
with the 7th Ohio until their term of service expired. He was discharged
from the army in April, 1S64. He suffered an injury to his right eye
while in the service of the Union. At the close of the war he went back
to farming in Ohio, and continued that business there until the spring of
1869, when he came to Missouri, and first stopping for a few months in
Carroll county, settled permanently where he now resides, in Ray county
(section five, township fifty-three, range twenty-six). Here he owns a
good farm of one hundred and fifty-two acres of land, mostly in cultiva-
tion, with an orchard of about two hundred trees bearing choice vari-
eties of fruit. Charles L. Bowen was married in the year 1858, to Miss
Almina Slough, a native of Ohio. They have seven children, named as
follows: Annie A., wife of Armstead Waters.) Susan J., Ida May, Albert
Wilmot, Pauline M., Mary Almina, and Maud Bertha. Mr. Bowen's
father, Robert W. Bowen was a native of Maryland. He died in March,
1865, aged seventy-two years. His mother, Susan L., was also a native
of Maryland. She died in 1863, aged seventy-two years. The father of
Mrs. Bowen, Frederick Slough, was a native of Ohio. He died March
11, 1846. Her mother, Mary, was born in Ohio; died July 14, 1853, aged
forty-one years. Mr. Bowen's father was a soldier in the war of 1812,
and his grandfather served seven years under General George Washing-
ton, in the war for American independence. He was with the army on
their terrible march to Valley Forge. Our subject has been postmaster
at Willmott ever since the office was established, in 1874. He is a mem-
ber of the order of Odd Fellows.

REV. E. W. CATO.

This gentleman was born in Wayne county, Mississippi, in 1819.
When eight years old his father moved with him to the state of Alabama,
and there he was educated and grew up. He pursued farming and other

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 735

branches of business in Alabama for a number of years. In 1858 he
began working at the wagon-making trade, and continued that business,
but with some interruptions, until 1865. He enlisted in August, 1864, in
company — , 4th regiment of Alabama reserves, and served in the Con-
federate army until the close of the war. After the war he began work-
ing at his trade, and also conducted a farm in connection with it. In the
spring of 1868 he left Alabama, and came direct to Missouri. He stopped
first for a few months in St. Louis county, and then went to Lafayette
county, where he remained about a year, at the expiration of which time
he came to Ray county, and has made his home here ever since. In the
month of February, 1877, he removed to his present location, section
32, township 54, range 26. Mr. Cato has about two acres in orchard and
vineyard, and intends devoting his attention to grape-growing and wine-
making. He was married in the year 1840, to Miss S. A. Booker, a
native of Alabama. Both Mr. and Mrs. Cato are members of the Church
of Latter Day Saints, and he is a minister of that denomination. Mr.
Cato's father, Allen Cato, was a native of North Carolina. He died a
few years ago, aged eighty years. His mother has been dead for a long
while; she was a native of Mississippi. Mrs. Cato's father, Willis Booker,
was a native of North Carolina. He died in 1866, aged about seventy
years. Her mother, Sarah, died a few years ago, at the age of seventy-
six years. Mr. Cato is very popular as a preacher among his people, and
is much esteemed and respected.

GEORGE W. CLEMENS.

Was born in Rockingham county, Virginia, in the year r£45. He is
the son of Jeremiah and Elizabeth Clemens. His father was born in
Pennsylvania, and his mother in Kentucky. They are both yet living,
in the state of Illinois. At the age of nine years our subject left Virginia
with his parents, going to Madison county, Illinois, where he remained
until 1864, and then removed to Putnam county, Illinois. He began
farming on his own account in 1865, and continued it in Illinois, until the
year 1870, when he removed to Ray county, Missouri, and located upon
the farm where he now resides (section thirteen, township fifty-three,
range twenty-six.) This farm comprises four hundred and thirty-four
acres of rich land, improved with a comfortable residence and good barn,
and abundantly watered with good springs and wells, besides running
streams. The farm is enclosed by hedge fences chiefly. Mr. Clemens
is largely engaged in raising live stock, and has his farm principally in
pasture for that purpose. He intends in future to make a specialty of
raising fine-bred sheep. Mr. Clemens was married on the 8th day of Feb-
ruary, 1865, to Miss Elizabeth Larcher, a native of Ohio. They are the par-
ents of six children: Joseph, Mary Elizabeth (dead), Emma Jane John,

736 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

Wesley, Jeremiah and Matthias. Mrs. Clemens' father, Mr. Matthias
Larcher, is a native of Germany. He came to this country at an early
day. He and her mother, Elizabeth, are now living in the state of
Indiana, both at the advanced age of about seventy-one years. Both Mr.
and Mrs. Clemens are consistent and leading members of the German
Baptist Church.

S. V. ENDSLEY.

Son of John and Hannah Endsle}-, was born in Ray county, Missouri,
in the year 1836. His parents were both natives of North Carolina. His
father was born October 26, 1796, in Gilford county, North Carolina; died
September 26, 1874, aged almost seventy-eight years. His mother died
in March 1880, aged seventy-two years. Our subject was reared on a
farm and received the advantages of the district schools in acquiring an
education. He continued farming until the year 1859, when he went
to California, arriving in the month of September, after having been about
five months on the wray, and remained there and engaged in mining until
the month of March 1865, when he went to Nevada and remained in that
state eleven months. He then returned to California, but remaining only
a short time started to the Frazer river country in the north. He suc-
ceeding in getting only as far as Victoria, and returned to Portland,
Oregon. Thence he went to the Blackfoot country in Montana, and after
mining there for a time, returned to Missouri in October, 1868. Remain-
ing but a short time in this state, he returned to Montana, via New York
and San Francisco, and followed mining until the fall of 1869. He then
returned a^fain to Ray county, Missouri, and located permanently here.
Early in the spring of 1870, he removed to the place upon which he now
resides, section fifteen, township fifty-three, range twenty-six. Here he
owns five hundred and fifty-one acres of good farming pasture and timber
lands, well watered and under good fencing. He has a handsome and
comfortable residence, erected in 1876-7, at a cost of more than $2,500, a
good barn and other buildings, and also a fine thrifty bearing orchard. He
is devoting much attention to raising cattle and mules, and is also engaged
in feeding stock for market. Mr. Endsley was married in 1871, to Miss
Jennie Brown, a native of Carroll county, Missouri. Mrs. Endsley's father,
William Brown, was a native of Tennessee. He died October 17, 1880,
aged seventy years. Her mother, Sarah A., is a native of Salem, Stokes
county, North Carolina. She is now in her sixty-eighth year, and is living
with her daughter, Mrs. Endsley. Mr. Endsley is a very prosperous
farmer and a prominent citizen.

HISTORY OK RAY COUNTY. lo"

DANIEL H. STRATTON.

Daniel H. Stratton was born in Ray county, Missouri, in 1840. He is
the son of Daniel and Elizabeth Stratton. His father, a native of Ken-
tucky, died in the month of June, 1866. His mother, who was born in
Virginia, is yet living in Ray county. She is now seventy-two years of
age. Mr. Stratton was raised on a farm, and has followed that business
all his life. He commenced farming, on his own account, in 1861, and
removed to his present location, section twenty-three, township fifty-
three, range twenty-six, in the spring of the year 1868. He owns one
hundred and twenty acres of rich land, well improved and watered, and
in a fine state of cultivation. He is engaged, quite extensively, in raising
and feeding hogs and cattle for market. This branch of his business is
very profitable. Mr. Stratton was married in the year 1863, to Miss
Elizabeth C. Bowman, a native of Virginia, but reared, principally, in
Missouri. Seven children have been born of this union, named as fol-
lows: Joseph Jackson, Samuel D., (dead) Alice C, Annie E., Florence
R., Daniel H. and Sarah. Mr. Stratton holds the office of steward in Prai-
rie Grange No. 1084, P. of H. He is a successful farmer, and is highly
esteemed among his neighbors.

JOHN H. McCUISTION.

Was born in Ray county, Missouri, in the year 1847. He was edu-
cated and reared in his native county. In the spring of 1868, he com-
menced farming on his own account, and two years later removed to the
place where he now lives, section twenty-two, township fifty-4:hree, range
twenty-six. Here he owns two hundred acres of good, productive land,
well fenced and improved. His farm is nearly all sown in grass. Fortv
acres are in blue grass, and one hundred and twenty acres in timothy and
clover. Mr. McCuistion has, for some years, been engaged very exten-
sively in feeding and handling cattle. He feeds from one hundred and
fifty to two hundred head every year. In the spring of 1S65 he went to
Iowa, and, after remaining there for a short time, thence to Nebraska,
where he lived about three months. From Nebraska he moved to Salt
Lake City, Utah, and after staying there for a short time, returned to his
home in Ray county, Missouri. Mr. McCuistion was married on the
27th day of September, 1870, to Miss Mollie J. Wollard, a native of Ray
county, and the daughter of Thomas H. Wollard, Esq. The issue of
this union was three children, only two of whom, Blanche Leonora and
William Thomas, are now living. Mr. McCuistion is a good business
man, a successful farmer and stock dealer, and a valuable citizen.

%f6& HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

ADDISON HARPER.

Addison Harper is a native of Augusta county, Virginia. He was
born on the 15th day of September, 1809. While yet a child his parents
removed with him to Rockingham county, Virginia, where he lived for
some years. Between the age of twelve and fifteen years he lived at
Philadelphia, and then returning to Virginia, shipped as a sailor on the
United States ship Vandalia, Captain Gallagher. The afterwards cele-
brated Admiral Farragut was second lieutenant of the ship, and our sub-
ject became quite well acquainted with him. Mr. Harper remained on
ship board more than three years, and during that time sailed all along the
coast of South America, and visited many of the important sea-ports of
that country. At the expiration of his service as a sailor, he returned to
Virginia, and, subsequently, in the years 1849-50, represented Rocking-
ham county in the state legislature. During his residence in Virginia, he
met the distinguished French marquis and general, De La Fayette, on the
occasion of one of his visits to America. In the year 1839 Mr. Harper
engaged in merchandising, at Brock's Gap, Virginia, and followed that
business in connection with farming until the commencement of the civil
war. Enlisting in the Confederate army, in the month of May, 1861, Mr.
Harper recruited a company of volunteers, afterwards known as company
A, 7th Virginia cavalry. He was a captain in the same regiment with
Captain (afterwards general) Ashby. Colonel Mosby, then a private, was
also a member of same regiment. Mr. Harper was engaged in the bat-
tles of Manasas, Bull Run, Cross Keys, Port Republic and many others.
He was promoted to a colonelcy, but afterwards resigned, and, returning
home, engaged in the peaceful occupation of farming, until the month of
October, 1869, when he removed to Ray county, Missouri, and located
where he now resides, section 27, township 53, range 26. He owns 220
acres of good land, 200 acres of which is in cultivation and well improved.
Mr. Harper was married November 9, 1837, to Miss Susan A. Cottrell, a
native of Rockingham county, Virginia. They became the parents of
thirteen children, six of whom are living at present, named as follows:
Nancy B., Martha S., William A., Samuel M., Emma and Benjamin F,
Both Mr. and Mrs. Harper are members of the German Baptist Church,
and he is also an elder of that denomination.

JAMES M. PUGH.

This gentleman was born in Ray county, Missouri, in the year 1841.
His father, David Pugh, was a native of Davidson county, Tennessee.
He died in 1852, aged fifty years. His mother (Serena) is, also, a native
of the state of Tennessee. She is yet living in Vernon count}*, Missouri.
Our subject was reared and educated in this county and has lived, during

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 739

his entire life here. Locating where he now resides, (section 29, township
53, range 26), in 1869, he commencing the business of farming for himself.
He is the owner of three hundred and sixty acres of excellent land, under
good rail and hedge fences, and improved with a large, comfortable resi-
dence, a good frame barn, and other necessary buildings. During the
last four or five years, Mr. Pugh has been giving much attention to the
raising of live stock, especially cattle. James M. Pugh was married on
the 1st day of October, 1874, to Miss Huldah F. Wollard, a native of Kay
county, Missouri. They are the parents of two children, Laura Temple
and Thomas Wollard. Mr. Pugh is a member of Lodge No. 322, A. F*
& A. M., at Hardin. He is a good citizen and a practical, successful
farmer.

DAVID B. BOWMAN.

David B. Bowman is a native of Rockingham county, Virginia. He
was born April 22, 1817. He was raised on a farm, and, after he grew
up, pursued the business of farming in his native county until the year
1857. Early in the spring of that year he started to Missouri. He
traveled with teams as far as Wheeling, Virginia, and came from there by
river, landing at Lexington, Lafayette county, on the 4th day of May,
1857. Soon after he came to Ray county, and located upon his present
farm, in section thirty-two, township fifty-three, range twenty-six. He
owns here two hundred and forty acres of prairie land, in a fine state of
cultivation, well improved, and inclosed with hedge fences. He has, also,
an excellent orchard. Besides this homestead, Mr. Bowman owns one
hundred and thirty-one acres in Crooked river bottom, fifty acres of
it timber land, and under fence. Mr. Bowman is engaged, also, in raising
and feeding a superior grade of cattle for market. He was married in
1840, to Miss Anna Showalter, also a native of Rockingham county,
Virginia. They became the parents of twelve children, all now living
but one. Their names follow: John H., Elizabeth C, wife of D. H.
Stratton; Ann E., wife of J. Vantrump; Jacob F., Rebecca, wife of Oscar
Dana; Virginia F., David B., Benjamin D., Sarah M., Ida F.,and Emma.

Mrs. Bowman died January 23, 1878, at the age of about fifty-six years.
She was an estimable lady, greatly esteemed during life, and her death
was much lamented throughout a large circle of friends. Mr. Bowman
is a consistent member of the German Baptist Church, as was, also, his
wife.

JOHN H. EVANS.

Was born in Ray county, Missouri, in the year 1838. He received his
education in the district schools of his native county, after the manner
usual with other farmers' boys at that time. His father, Lorenzo D.

740 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

Evans, is a native of Tennessee. He immigrated to Missouri at an early
day, and is now living here at the advanced age of eighty-seven vears.
His mother, Susan, is also a native of Tennessee, and is yet living. After
our subject attained his majority, he engaged in farming in this county
until the outbreaking of the civil war. He enlisted June 4, 1861, in com-
pany F, 4th Missouri regiment of General Sterling Price's command. He
was engaged in the battles of Carthage, Wilson's Creek and Lexington.
Having taken sick, he was left at Rose Hill, Johnson county, Missouri,
where he remained until the time for which he enlisted had expired.
He was slightly wounded twice in battle. From Rose Hill after his
recover}', he came home to Ray county, but remaining only a short time
went to Illinois, and remained in that state about a year. Returning again
to his home, he resumed the business of farming, and in the month of
February, 1866, removed to his present location, section thirty-five, town-
ship fifty-three, range twenty-six. Here he owns one hundred and
four acres of farming and timber lands, well improved and watered by
running streams. Mr. Evans gives special attention to raising good breeds
of hogs and cattle. He has been twice married, first in February, 1866,
to Miss Mary A. Long, a native of Missouri. The issue of this marriage
was four children: Effie F., Robert S., Fannie E., and Susan Estella.
His wife died July 13, 1877, and Mr. Evans was again married November
3, 1878, to Miss Alice E. Chrisman. They have one child, Henry L.
Mrs. Evans is a member of the Missionary Baptist Church. Mr. Evans
has been, for three years past, secretarv of Prairie Grange, No. 1084,
P. of H.

DAVID B. RHODES.

The subject of this sketch was born in Rockingham county, Virginia,
in 1828. He received his education in the common schools, and grew up
in his native county. At the age of eighteen years he learned the carpen-
tering trade, and pursued that calling, constantly for ten years afterwards.
Mr. Rhodes was married in the year 1856, to Miss Sarah Zigler, a native
of Rockingham county, Virginia. In the year, 1858, he partly quit car-
pentering and engaged in farming, which business he followed, in his
native state until 1868. He then left Virginia, and came to his present
farm, (section 35, township 53, range 26), in Ray county, Missouri, where
he has ever since resided. He owns a neat place of ninety-six acres, of
good land, well watered by a running stream and spring. He has a com-
fortable residence, a conveniently arranged barn, and a fine young orchard.
He is engaged, also, in raising and feeding stock, chiefly cattle. During
the war, Mr. Rhodes was living in the " burnt district " of the Shenan-
doah valley, and in consequence, suffered considerable loss of property.
Mr. and Mrs. Rhodes became the parents of eight children: Minnie, wife

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 741

of Samuel A. Sandy; Emily F., wife of John Vantrump; Laura A., wife
of Samuel K. Rhodes; Lizzie A., wife of Samuel Hogan;John M., Sydney
A., Jacob S. and Iva May. Both Mr. Rhodes and wife, with three of
their daughters, are members of the German Baptist Church.

SAMUEL B. SHIRKY.

Was born in Rockingham county, Virginia, on the 1st day of Septem-
ber 1840. He attended the common schools of the neighborhood, and
after he grew up remained at home, working on the farm until the begin-
ning of the war between the states. He enlisted in the Confederate army
in August, 1861, company H, 10th Virginia cavalry, Hampton's brigade.
He was engaged in the battle of Gettysburg, the seven days fight around
Richmond and at Spottsylvania court house. He was paroled after the
surrender of General Lee, at Appomattox court house, and returning
home resumed the business of farming. In the spring of 1869, he came
to Missouri and located where he now resides, section twenty-six, town-
ship fifty-three, range twenty-six, in Ray county. He owns one hundred
and sixty acres of very productive land, all in a high state of cultivation
except about twenty acres of timber land. Upon this land is a large spring
affording water sufficient for hundreds of head of stock. He has two
thrifty young orchards, besides small fruits and grapes in great abundance.
He has a handsome commodious residence, and a barn unusually large,
well arranged and convenient for the accommodation of all his live stock,
hay, grain and agricultural implements. For the past four years Mr.
Shirky has been seeding his fields successfully in blue grass, timothy and
clover, in order to convert them into a stock farm exclusively. He now
handles all the live stock the size of his farm will allow. He has some
very fine graded cattle and is constantly improving his herd. Samuel B.
Shirky was married in the year 1865, to Miss Catharine Zigler, a native
of Rockingham county, Virginia. They are the parents of eight children,
six of whom are now living: John H., Anna C, Gideon E., Joseph B.,
Sallie V., and Emma F. Mr. Shirky and his wife are both members of
the German Baptist Church. His parents, David and Catharine Shirk}-,
are both natives of Rockingham county, Virginia, and both still living.
Mr. Shirky has a model farm, and he conducts it very successfully.

THOMAS H. WOLLARD.

Thomas H. Wollard was born in Ray county, Missouri, in the year
1827, upon the land whereon the town of Richmond is now situated. His
father, John Wollard, a native of the state of North Carolina, came to
Ray county when it was almost a wilderness, and pre-empted and
improved the land where Richmond now stands. He died in Ma)', 1877,
aged seventy-six years. Our subject's mother, Mrs. Nancy Wollard, was

742 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

a native of Tennessee, she died in 1873, aged seventy years. Thomas H.
Wollard grew up on a farm immediately east of Richmond, and lived
there until he enlisted in the army for the war against Mexico. He
started out in Captain Israel Henley's company, with Colonel Sterling
Price's regiment. They marched from Richmond to Sante Fe and
thence to El Paso, Chihuahua. In the meantime, however, the company
had been organized and placed under command of Captain Thomas
Hudson, and assigned to Colonel A. W. Doniphan's regiment. Mr. Wol-
lard engaged in the battles of Brazito and Sacramento, then marched to
Buena Vista and Monterey, thence to New Orleans, where he was dis-
charged from service. From Newr Orleans he returned home, in July,

1849. In the year 1849, he came to his present location, section 28,
township 53, range 26, and has lived there ever since. He owns more
than 1,300 acres of most excellent land in one body, besides other farms
adjacent, amounting in the aggregate to about 2,000 acres. His home place
is in a very fine state of cultivation, improved with excellent buildings, hand-
somely appointed for comfort and convenience. He has about 1,000
acres of blue grass and timothy, enclosed with good hedge fences, chiefly
in 40 acre fields. He has three large orchards bearing the best kinds
of fruit, and berries and the smaller fruits in almost endless \;ariety and
profusion. Mr. Wollard has, for twenty-five years, been making a
specialty of raising cattle and mules. At present he is giving his atten-
tion almost entirely to cattle. He was married in the month of January,

1850, to Miss N. C. Prichard, a native of Ray county, Missouri. They
are the parents of five children: Huldah F.. wrife of J. M. Pugh; Mary
J., wife of John H. McCuistion; John M., Laura I. and Thomas J. Mr.
Wollard is one of the best and most successful farmers, as well as one of
the most prominent and influential citizens of Ray county.

WILLIAM W. NELSON.

Was born in Lafayette county, Missouri, October, 1825. His father,
John Nelson, a native of East Tennessee, came to Missouri in a very early
day and settled in Lafayette county, before Lexington wras laid out. He
died about four years ago, aged eighty-four years. Our subject attended
the district schools and lived in Lafayette county until the beginning of
the war with Mexico. On the 6th day of June, 1846, he enlisted in com-
pany B, Captain William Walton, of Colonel Doniphan's regiment, and
marched from Lafayette county to the seat of war in Mexico. He was
engaged in the battles of Brazito and Sacramento, and, after doing much
hard marching, was discharged at New Orleans, about the 1st of July,
1847, and returned home. He staid in Lafayette county until the spring
of 1848, and then went again to Mexico. He remained only a short time
and came back to Missouri. In the month of August, 1849, he started

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 743

to California, by the southern route, and, after traveling nearly all winter,
reached there on the 22d of January, L850. He lived there, engaged in
mining for nearly four years, and then returned, by water, to Lafayette
county. After remaining one year longer in his native county, he came,
in 1855, to Ray county, and settled where he now lives, section thirty-
one, township fiftv-three, range twenty-six. He is the possessor of two
hundred and sixty acres of fertile land, in a fine state of cultivation,
improved with good buildings and well watered by living springs. Mr.
Nelson was married in the month of June, 1856, to Miss Keziah S. Grant,
a native of Daviess county, Missouri. The issue of this marriage was
nine children: John W., George C, Sterling P., Leonidas, Cora A.,
Lavina B., Franklin Y., Leila and Clarence. Mrs. Nelson is a member
of the Presbyterian Church.

MOODY MANSUR, M. D.

Dr. Moody Mansur was born in the township of Temple, Hillsboro
county, New Hampshire, on the 3d day of February, 1808. In the win-
ter of 1813, his parents removed to Windsor county, Vermont, where he
remained on a farm until the month of November, 1827. He then went
to Bostont Massachusetts, and engaged as clerk in a hotel with his older
brother, Stephen, where he remained about two years. In February,
1829, he engaged with his brother Alvah, and one Ransom Reed, in a
wholesale store, at Lowell, Massachusetts. Here he remained nearly
three years. From 1832 to 1835, during the scholastic year, he attended
an academy at Hampton, New Hampshire, making great advancement in
English literature and the classics. After leaving this school, he went to
Lowell and commenced the study of medicine with Dr. Elisha Bartlett,
as preceptor. He continued with Dr. Bartlett for three years, and in the
meantime attended three courses of lectures in Boston, at the medical
college of Harvard University. In August, 1836, he received his diploma
from this institution, conferring upon him the graduates' degree of Doctor
of Medicine, and entitling him to membership in the Massachusetts Med-
ical Society. He returned to Lowell and began the practice of his pro-
fession there, which he continued until September, 1837, and then went to
Philadelphia. From there he went out as physician and surgeon, to the
armv in the Florida war. So efficient were the services he rendered,
that not a man whom he treated died from sickness. The army was dis-
banded at New Orleans, and Dr. Mansur reported at Washington City
for settlement of his claim for professional services. In October, 1838, he
established himself in Jefferson City, Missouri, and the next year opened
a drug store in connection with his practice. He continued this business
there until 1841, and then went to Weston, in Platte county. There he
remained until the autumn of 1844. He suffered greatly from the flood

744 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

of that year, both in property and the health of his family. In the month
of November, the health of his family being sufficiently restored, he
removed to Liberty, Clay county, Missouri. Here he remained until the
spring of 1845, and then removed to Ray county and settled upon a part
of the lands he owns at present. In 1849, he went to California, over-
land, with an ox team. So great were the hardships he endured on this
trip, that his health was entirely destroyed, and he was prostrated with a
long spell of sickness after reaching San Francisco. He remained in
California until 1851, and his experiences there were varied and interest-
ing, but our space will not permit our recounting them here. In Febru-
ary, 1851, he started home by way of the Isthmus of Panama and New
Orleans. He spent forty days on an ocean sail vessel between San Fran-
cisco and the Isthmus. He crossed Panama on foot, and shipped in a
steamer for home via New Orleans, arriving in Ray county, in the month
of May. He soon after removed to his present location, section eighteen,
township fifty-three, range twenty-six, and has, ever since, lived there.
He owns two hundred and thirty-eight acres of good land, about half of
which is in a fine state of cultivation, well improved, with handsome,
comfortable residence, fine orchard and small fruits etc., of great variety
and abundance. Dr. Mansur was married in the month of June, 1839, at
Jefferson City, Missouri, to Miss Mary M. Basye, a native of the state of
Missouri, and the daughter of Major Alfred and Frances R. Basye. Her
father was a native of Kentucky, and her mother of South Carolina.
Eleven children have been born to Doctor and Mrs. Mansur. Seven of
them are now living, named as follows: Louisa Frances, wife of James
Tinsley; George G., Elismon, Basye Gertrude, David A., Richard H.,
and Edward A. In politics Dr. Mansur, for twenty-nine years prior to
the civil war, was a democrat. When the war broke out he sided with
the cause of the Union, and since that time, until 1876, he affiliated with
the republican party. Since 1876, he has been an active promulgator
and supporter of the principles of the greenback-labor party. In religion
Dr. Mansur is, and has been for fifty-four years, a member of the Baptist
Church. His wife, one daughter and two sons, belong to the Christian
Church.

LEONARD G. OSTER.

Was born in Richland county, Ohio, in October, 1838. When he was
but two years of age, his parents removed with him to Caldwell county,
Missouri. Here he was educated and grew up. In 1857 he went to the
state of Kansas, but, remaining only a short time, removed from there to
Santa Fe, New Mexico. From there he soon returned to Missouri, and
remained here until 1860, when he went to Colorado, and engaged
in mining for about six months. Then came back again to Mis-

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 745

souri, and remained here until the beginning of the civil war. About the
first of December, 1861, he enlisted in company K, 22d regiment of Mis-
souri volunteers, Union army. He was twice wounded and finally cap-
tured by the enemy, at the battle of Shiloh. After remaining a prisoner
in the hands of the Confederates for some days he was re-taken by the
Union troops. He was discharged, January 22d, 1863, at Benton bar-
racks, St. Louis, and immediately returned home. He joined the army
again, in 1864, and was engaged in the fight near Albany, Rav county.
Soon afterward he was discharged from the service, and returned to farm-
ing in Caldwell county, Missouri. In 1873 he made a trip to Arkansas,
and brought back with him a herd of cattle. In the year 1874 he sold his
property in Caldwell county, and removed to his present location in Ray
county (section thirty, township fifty-four, range twenty-six). He owns
three hundred and sixteen acres of productive land, improved with a hand-
some new residence and other buildings, also a thrifty orchard. In addi-
tion to farming he is engaged in raising, feeding, and shipping live-stock.
Mr. Oster was married, in the month of January, 1864, to Miss Rebecca
A. Phillips, a native of Indiana, but reared chiefly in the state of Illinois.
They have eight children living: Ada D., Anna M., Herbert U., Charles,
Daniel, Myrtle, Daisy, and Rosa B. Mr. Oster is a member of Myrtle
Lodge, No. 338, A. F. & A. M., at Millville. Mrs. Oster is a member of
the Christian Church.

JOHN A. ROSS.

The subject of this article was born in Kosciusko county, Ohio, on the
11th day of February, 1839. While he was in infancy his parents
removed with him to Brown county, Ohio, and there he lived until he was
nineteen years old. In the month of April, 1858, he came to Ray county,
Missouri. While at St. Louis, on his way from Ohio, he attended the
funeral of the distinguished Missouri senator and statesman, Thomas
H. Benton. He taught school for a short time soon after his arrival in
the county. In the spring of 1859 he started to Pike's Peak, Colorado,
but, on arriving at St. Joseph, changed his mind and went to Des Moines,
Iowa. After visiting several places in that state, he returned to Missouri,
and taught school for a short time in Mercer county. From that time
until the beginning of the civil war he traveled through western Mis-
souri, pursuing the business of sign writing. On the 1 9th day of June,
1861, he enlisted in company A, 1st Missouri battalion mounted infantry,
8th division, Missouri state guards, captain, David Boone; lieutenant-col-
onel, John W. Payne; division commander, General James Raines. He
was engaged in the battles of Dug Spring, Wilson's Creek, Dry Wood,
and Lexington. At the latter place, after the battle, the command was
47

746 HISTORY OF RAY COUNT Y.

re-organized, called the 6th cavalry, and placed under the command of
Colonel John T. Coffee. Mr. Ross was appointed ordnance master, in
which position he continued until he was discharged from the service. He
was engaged in the battles of Pea Ridge, Shiloh, and Farmington. Mr.
Ross was the first to reach and raise the Union general Lyon after he
was shot, at the battle of Wilson's Creek, early in the war. Having been
sick and unable to do duty, and, in consequence, committed to the hospital
at Mobile, Alabama, Mr. Ross was discharged from that institution in the
summer of 1863, and went to Fort Laramie, to Denver, and to Montana,
where he engaged for about two years in mining. From there he went
to Nevada, thence to California, from California to Mexico, and from
there to Central America, and thence into South America, where he
remained, in Quito, a short time; thence he came back to the coast, and
from the coast to the West Indies. Here he remained a short time, and
then sailed for New York. Arriving there, he spent some time in that
city. Then he came west, and stopped for a short time in Brown county,
Ohio. From there he came to Ray county, Missouri, arriving in the
month of March, 1866. The succeeding year he started again to Cali-
fornia, but being taken sick at Rock Bluff, he returned to Lafayette
county, Missouri, and remained there about three years. In the fall of
1869 he came to his present location in this county, section 22, township
54, range 26. He owns a fine, fertile farm of four hundred acres, all
inclosed by good fences, and well improved. Mr. Ross was married in
1876, to Miss Sarah I. Cato, a native 'of the state of Alabama. They
have three children: John A., Anna, and Samuel R. Mr. Ross is a mem-
ber of Dover Lodge No. 122, A. F. & A. M.

JACOB VANTRUMP.

Jacob Vantrump was born in Rockingham county, Virginia, in the
year 1845. He lived there on a farm until 1859, and then came to Ray
county, Missouri. In 1867 he moved to his present location, (section
23, township 53, range 26,) where he owns ninety acres of excellent
land, enclosed with good hedges, and well improved. He has a
very fine orchard, two good wells, and an unfailing spring. He enlisted
August 1, 1864, in company F, 44th Missouri infantry, Union arm v. He
participated in the battle of Mobile, Alabama. In November, 1864, he was
attacked by sickness, and lay in the hospital for several months. He was
discharged from the army August 1, 1865, at St. Louis, and at once
returned home to Ray county. Mr. Vantrump was married June 10,
1866, to Miss Eliza Ann Bowman, a native of Rockingham county, Vir-
ginia. They became the parents of six children, named as follows:
Mary E., John H., Sarah A., Rebecca F., Temperance M., and Madissa

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 74.

Belle. Both Mr. and Mrs. Vantrump are members of the German Bap-
tist Church. He is a valuable citizen, and an enterprising and prosperous
farmer.

W. T. WILSON.

This gentleman was born in Fleming county, Kentucky, on the loth
day of July, 1822. There he was educated, and lived upon a farm until
he was twenty years old. In 1842 he came to Ray county, Missouri, and
settled on a farm about two miles south of Richmond. He was living
there during the flood of 1844, and sustained great damage from the
overflow of the river. In the month of March, 1855, he moved to his
present farm, section thirty-four, township fifty-three, range twenty-six,
and has continued to live there ever since. He owns one hundred and
fifty-seven acres of good land, well fenced and improved. It is watered
by the Wakanda. He has a large orchard of some seven hundred bear-
ing trees. This orchard yields an immense and valuable crop. Mr. Wil-
son was married July 4, 1844, to Miss Nancy E. Pritchard, a native of the
state of Tennessee, but came to Missouri early in life. They became the
parents of seven children: Sarah J., Robert (died in 1872, aged twenty-
five years), Virginia F., the wife of George W. Temple; Mary E. (died
in May, 1878), Ida, Lee, and Oleita. Both Mr. Wilson and his wife are
leading members of the Christian Church, and he is also lecturer of
Prairie Grange, No. 1084, P. of H. Mr. Wilson's farm is particularly
well adapted to raising tobacco and hemp. He has produced some as
large crops of these commodities as have ever been grown in the countv.
Mr. Wilson is a leading, prosperous farmer, and an influential and valua-
ble citizen of Grape Grove township.

HENRY RENFRO.

Henry Renfro is a native of Ray county, Missouri. He was born on
the 5th day of February, 1835. His father, Mr. John Renfro, came from
Kentucky in 1833, and settled on a farm about four miles north of Mill-
ville. When our subject was fifteen years old, his father sold this place,
and removed upon the one he now owns, a mile or two east of the former
place. Here Henry attended school in his youth, and worked on the
farm until he was twenty-two years old, and then went to Chillicothe,
Missouri, where he spent a year. Returning home, he took entire man-
agement of his father's place, and conducted the farm for two years. He
then went to Colorado, and, after spending six months, mining for gold
there, he returned home in the autumn of 1859. The following winter
he was married, at the age of twenty-five years, to Miss Martha McCuis-
tion. After his marriage he was engaged in farming until the beginning
of the civil war. Leaving his young wife and infant daughter in the care

748 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

of his father-in-law, Mr. Renfro joined his fortunes with the cause of the
south, and enlisted for three years in the Confederate army, company C,
Colonel Reeves' 3d Missouri volunteers. Before the expiration of the
time for which he had entered the army he enlisted for the whole war.
His experiences were interesting and varied, but the scope of this work
will not admit of following him through them all. At the siege of Vicks-
burg, Mississippi, he received a wound, which necessitated the amputa-
tion of his left leg below the knee. After the surrender he was paroled,
June 26, 1865, and returned home to Ray county, arriving July 19, 1865.
His wife had managed to save about five hundred dollars from the wreck
of his property by the war, and on this amount he again began the life of
a peaceful, law-abiding citizen. During the first three years after his return
from the war he farmed, and then, going to Miliville, entered the drug
trade with Doctor W. M. Quarles. In 1873 he bought Doctor Quarles*
interest in the business and has ever since conducted the business very
successfully alone. Mr. and Mrs. Renfro are the parents of nine children,
seven girls and two boys, all living at home with their parents. Mr.
Renfro is a worthy member of the Christian Church, at Miliville.

JAMES B. NOEL.

This gentleman is a native of Monroe county, Missouri. He was born
on the 1st day of March, 1840, and spent the first twenty years of his life
in that county, at home with his parents, in the manner usual with the
sons of farmers. In 1.861 he enlisted, at Governor Jackson's first call, in
the army of the Confederacy, joining the company of Captain James John-
son, who had been a soldier in the war with Mexico. After the battle of
Springfield, Missouri, the term of service for which he had enlisted having
expired, Mr. Noel returned to his home, but was compelled to flee the
same night of his arrival at home, to escape being killed by bitter partisans
of the other side. He went to Arkansas and enlisted in the state guards.
He subsequently left Arkansas, and during the remainder of the war,
lived a " life on the wing," going from point to point in the Jtates of Mis-
souri, Iowa and Nebraska. He was compelled to live in this migratory
manner to avoid entering the Union service. After the war was over he
kept a feed and sale stable one year at Nebraska City. He has been
engaged, at different times in life, in a variety of employments. The most
profitable of these was freighting goods between Canon City and Lead-
ville, Colorado, soon after the opening of the latter place. Mr. Noel had
previously (1862) made his home in Ray county, and he returned here in
the autumn of 1879, and has since that time been engaged here in farming,
trading and freighting. He was first married in the spring of 1863, in
Ray county, to Miss Alice Davis, daughter of Mr. Van. Davis. Three
children were born of this marriage, but only one, Hiram Tucker, is now

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 749

living. Mrs. Noel died in April, 1870, and Mr. Noel was married again
in September, 1872, to Miss Sarah Risley, of Ray county. The issue of
this union was three children, two boys and a girl, all now living. Mr.
Noel is now (April, 1881,) proprietor of the only hotel at Millville.

RICHARD C. CRAVEN.

Richard C. Craven was born in Ray county, on the 21st day of August,
1843. His father, Solomon Craven, was an earl}- settler of that county,
having come from Tennessee here in 1829, and settled upon a farm near
Knoxville, where our subject was born, and where he lived until twenty-
two years of age. He attended the district schools of his father's neigh-
borhood during the winter season, and assisted with the farm work in
summer. In 1865 he went to Colorado, and was there occupied in min-
ing for about three years in the locality of Central City. He then removed
to a ranch, in the southern part of Colorado, and lived there for one year.
After spending the succeeding summer in the Indian Territory, he returned
to Ray county, Missouri, and engaged in farming for three years. He
then, in 1873, began merchandising at Millville, in partnership with Mr.
Graham Fletcher. They continued in the business together, until the
month of May, 1880, when Mr. Fletcher sold his interest to W. R. Cra-
ven, and the brothers have since conducted the business together, under
the title of R. C. & W. R. Craven. Mr. Craven was married on the 9th
day of January, 1870, to Miss Emma Wood, daughter of Robert A.
Wood, who resides near Millville. They became the parents of seven
children, two of whom died in infancy. The others are now living Mr.
Craven became a member of the M. E. Church South, in 1871, and is also
a member of the Masonic order. He was, for six years prior to 1880,
master of lodge No. 338, at Millville. He joined the I. O. G. T. lodge
when it was organized in 1879. He is a prosperous business man and a
good citizen.

J. F. CRAMER.

Is a native of Ray county, Missouri. He was born on the 4th day of
March, 1856. He worked on his father's farm in summer, and attended
school in the winter, until he had completed the course usually taught in
the common schools. He then entered Central College at Fayette, Mis-
souri, and remained a student in that excellent institution for two years.
After returning home from college, he began merchandising, in 1878, with
his brother-in-law, Mr. John P. Grimes, under the firm name of Grimes &
Cramer, at Millville, Ray county, Missouri. In this business, Mr. Cramer
is, at present engaged. He was enumerator, in his locality, of the tenth
United States census. He is a gentleman of steady business habits, and a
member of the Good Templar lodge at Millville. Grimes & Cramer are
very popular, and they are doing a lively and prosperous business.

750 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

JOHN P. GRIMES.

Was born in Campbell county, East Tennessee, June 3, 1838. His
father, Henry C. Grimes, was a farmer, and raised a family of seven
children, of whom our subject was the third in order of birth, and the first
son. His father first came to Ray county, Missouri, in 1836, but remain-
ing only one year, went back to Tennessee and remained there live years
longer. He came back to Missouri, and settled in Ray county, in the
year 1851. John was then in his fourteenth year, and he spent the suc-
ceeding eleven years on the farm, with his father, about ten miles from
Richmond. The principal part of his education he obtained in Tennessee,
though he attended school after coming to this county until he was
grown. In the spring of 1864, he bought a farm ab«ut seven miles north-
west of Knoxville, and lived there four years. He then sold this farm and
began merchandising at Knoxville, and continued the business until Feb-
ruary, 1870, when he traded his stock of goods for a farm near Millville,
and lived there, until the following August, raising one crop. He then
bought the store of Carter & Davis, at Millville, and removed thither with
his family. In August, 1878, J. F. Cramer became a partner in the busi-
ness, and the firm is styled Grimes & Cramer. They continue to do a
thriving business at Millville. Mr. Grimes was married in the month of
October, 1S60, to Miss Mary E. Cramer, daughter of Judge David
Cramer, of Ray county. Seven children have been born of this union, all
now living at home with their parents. Mr. Grimes is a member of the
Masonic lodge at Millville, and has several times served his lodge in an
official capacity. He is also a Good Templar, having been a charter
member of the lodge where he lives. He has belonged to the Methodist
Episcopal Church South since 1868. He has frequently represented his
church as a delegate to conference, etc.

J. M. CARTER.

The subject of this sketch was born in St. Lawrence county, New
York, January 3, 1830. His father, Mr. Ira Carter, was a farmer and
stock-raiser of that county, and the possessor of considerable property.
Ira Carter removed with his family to the state of Illinois, and there our
subject was educated. His father died when James was sixteen years of
age, and the next year he came to Richmond, Ray county, Missouri, and
began clerking in the general merchandise store of Carter & McGhee.
The senior partner of this firm was his half-brother. After remaining in
this position for about eighteen months, he went, at the heat of the gold
excitement in 1849, to California, where he spent a year at mining, and
then went to Oregon, and engaged in the lumber business. This enter-
prise was very successful, and in 1852 Mr. Carter returned to Missouri.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 751

Me located at Albany, Ray county, and engaged in merchandising and
milling with his brother, Mr. Eli Carter. He continued the business until
1859, when J. M. Carter sold his interest to his brother and others, and
bought, in partnership with Mr. W. R. Shotwell, the mill located at the
town of Millville. They operated this mill together until Mr. Carter
went to Colorado, in 1860. In Colorado, Mr. Carter operated a saw-mill
for another party, for about one year, and then came for his family, and
took them to Colorado with him, leaving Mr. Shotwell again in charge
of the mill they owned in partnership. During the time he was in the
state of Colorado Mr. Carter engaged in farming and stock-raising, and
by his industry and enterprise made the business very successful. He
returned to Millville, Ray county, Missouri, in the autumn of 1865. Mr.
Carter was married on the 1th day of May, 1854, to Miss Susan R. Har-
rison. They became the parents of seven children, two sons and five
daughters, all now living. One daughter, Ida B., is the wife of Mr. John
A. Fletcher. The others are at home with their parents. Mr. Carter
resides at Millville, where he owns and operates a large flouring-mill. He
is a leading member of the M. E. Church South, and belongs to the
Masonic lodge at Millville. His business is very prosperous, and he has
a handsome home, surrounded by modern conveniences and comforts.
As a man and a citizen he is highly esteemed and respected by all who
know him.

W. M. QUARLES, M. D.

William M, Quarles was born in Wilson county, Tennessee, on the 19th
day of September, 1810, and lived there until he was eleven years of age.
He then came with his father in March, 1851, to Ray county, Missouri,
and has lived here ever since. His father received the appointment of
postmaster at Richmond, and lived there until the outbreak of the civil
war, conducting a small farm half a mile from town, in connection with
the postoffice. Our subject worked on this farm during summer, and
attended Richmond College in winter. He received the greater part of
his education at this school. In the year 1856, he began clerking in the
dry goods store of Hughes, Wasson & Stewart, at Richmond, and con-
tinued with them for two years. Becoming imbued with the determina-
tion to fit himself for the practice of medicine, he entered the drug store
of Dr. Mosby, and remaining with him two years, devoted the time to
studying his chosen profession. At the beginning of the civil war he
espoused the cause of the south, and responded promptly to Governor
Jackson's call for volunteers by enlisting in the 1st Missouri cavalry. At
the expiration of the time, six months, for which he had enlisted in the
state guards, he entered the regular Confederate service for three years,
in Colonel Reeves' 3d Missouri regiment of volunteers. In the spring of

752 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

1862 he was sergeant and ensign, and afterwards was promoted to a first
lieutenantcy. He served with great credit throughout the entire war, and
was paroled after the surrender, on the 16th day of May, 1865. He at
once returned to his home in Richmond, Missouri, and again entered Dr.
Mosby's drug store as clerk, and resumed the study of medicine. By
close economy he after awhile, saved money enough from his salary to
defray the expense of a course of lectures. He accordingly entered the
St. Louis Medical College for the term of 1866-7. At the expiration of
the lecture course in the spring of 1867, he went to Millville, Ray county,
and began the practice of his profession with such success that in about a
year and a half he had secured means enough to return to college, which
he did, graduating in the spring of 1869, from the St. Louis Medical Col-
lege with the degree of Doctor of Medicine. Dr. Quarles was married on
the 17th day of March, 1868, to Miss Octavia Fowler, daughter of T. B.
Fowler, Esq. Five children have been born of this union, two sons and
three daughters. Their first son and one daughter, died in infancy, the
others are living at this time, April, 1881. In 1874 Dr. Quarles engaged
in partnership with his father-in-law, in the dry goods business at Mill-
ville. He employed a clerk in the store to enable him to give his indivi-
dual attention to his professional labors. Mr. Fowler was soon after
elected to the office of county collector, and they sold the dry goods store
to John P. Grimes. Dr. Quarles then went to Richmond, and engaged in
the drug business with Dr. Holman, in connection with the practice of his
profession. This partnership was broken up by the election of Dr. Hol-
man county treasurer, and Dr. Quarles returned to Millville. Here he
now enjoys a large and remunerative practice.

AMI HUGHES.

The gentleman whose name heads this sketch is a native of Ray
county, Missouri, and was born on the old homestead of the Hughes fam-
ily, June 5, 1857. He laid the foundation of his education in the common
schools of his neighborhood, and then entered Richmond College, from
which institution he graduated, with the degree of Bachelor of Arts, on
his birthday, 1877. He spent the first year after leaving college, at home
with his father, in Richmond, occasionally assisting with work on the
farm in the county. In March, 1879, then in his twenty-second year, was
given the entire management and control of the large farm owned by his
father, Mr. James S. Hughes, of Richmond. He conducted the business
of this place alone, until his brother, Allen, who had been doing busines
in St. Louis, came to his assistance, and they now operate the farm
together. This place, consisting of 880 acres of excellent land, is situ-
ated eight miles northeast of the town of Richmond. In fertility of soil*
abundance of water, woodland and pasture, it is not surpassed by any in

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 753

the county. It is well improved, having a commodious and handsome
brick, dwelling house, a large, roomy and conveniently constructed barn,
and a fine, thrifty bearing orchard. Mr. Hughes and his brother are
devoting special attention to stock raising, and have now some of the best
varieties of fine-bred stock upon their farm. Mr. Hughes, though young
in years, is a practical farmer, and bids fair to gain, in after years, wealth,
and a position of great usefulness in the community. He is a courteous,
affable gentleman, and highly esteemed by all who know him, for his
many excellent qualities of head and heart.

JULIUS A. MADDUX.

Julius Augustus Maddux was born in Ray county, Missouri, three
miles southeast of Millville. His father had been a farmer in Ray
county some forty-four years at the time of his death. Mr. Maddux was
educated in the district schools and grew up on his father's farm, and has
ever since followed the business of farming. He was married in the
year 1860, to Miss Mary Fields. The issue of this union was one child^
Nancy W., now the wife of Mr. John Manley. Mrs. Maddux died when
her child was but ten days old, and, in the spring of 1863, Mr. Maddux
was married to Martha J. Turnadge, daughter of John Turnadge.
They became the parents of seven children, five of whom, one girl and
four boys, are living at this time, April, 1881. Four years after his mar-
riage, Mr. Maddux bought a farm on Crooked river, and lived upon it
three years. He then traded it for a place near where he was born.
After living there for about three years, he removed to his present loca-
tion, sections fifteen and twenty-two, township fifty-three, range twenty-
eight. Mr. Maddux is a member of Charter Oak Grange, Patrons of
Husbandry, and also of the Farmers' Club. He is a practical farmer,
and takes great interest in everything pertaining to agriculture.

R. B. ELLIS, M. D.

Robert B. Ellis was born in Sussex county, Virginia, December 4,
1812. When but six years old his father removed with him to Kentucky.
Here he was educated, chiefly in Transylvania University, at Lexington,
from the literary and classical department of which institution he gradu-
ated with high honor. After leaving college he began the study of medi-
cine, with the distinguished Doctor Benjamin Dudley for preceptor. He
subsequently went through the usual course of instruction, and received
the degree of doctor of medicine from the Pennsylvania Medical College.
He soon after began to practice the healing art. Doctor Ellis came'to
Ray county in the year 1837, and, locating at Richmond, opened his doc-
tor's office there. Here he soon made a host of friends, and rapidly built
up a good practice. His success as a physician was such that he gained

754 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

the confidence of the people all over the county, and his services were in
almost constant demand. He possessed the happy faculty of making
himself pleasant and agreeable to all classes, and rapidly rose in the popu-
lar esteem in consequence. His fame as a physician spread throughout
the state, and the extent of his practice was not excelled, perhaps, by that
of any physician, at that time, in Missouri. After staying at Richmond
for four years, Doctor Ellis removed to the suburbs of the town of Galla-
tin, Missouri, at that time just being built up, and improving a fine farm,
established his home upon it, and always afterward, during his residence
in northwest Missouri, though frequently away traveling with his wife for
the benefit of her health, he kept his home upon this farm. Doctor Ellis
was twice elected to the higher branch of the general assembly of Mis-
souri, and was a member of the national democratic convention that nom-
inated James K. Polk for the presidency, at Baltimore, in 1844. His first
wife died at Jefferson City, in 1842, whither she had accompanied her
husband, who was there in attendance, as a member, upon the session of
the state senate. During his second term as state senator, Doctor Ellis
was married again, at Jefferson City. The lady becoming his wife this
time, was a daughter of Hiram P. Goodrich, D. D., a distinguished
educator and divine of Missouri. After the expiration of the senatorial
session, Dr. Ellis returned, with his bride, to his home at Gallatin. Here
he remained for one year, and then moved to St. Louis, and practiced his
profession in that city for some time. During his residence there, he
delivered a course of lectures to the students of the McDowell Medical
College, upon "Cholera; its Origin, Progress, and Treatment," with partic-
ular reference to its ravages, at that time, in this country. These lectures
were delivered during the years 1848-9. As an evidence of appreciation
of his valuable services, the college conferred the honorary degree of M. D.
upon Doctor E., already a graduate of two popular institutions. In 1849 he
went to California, and pursued the practice of medicine at the city of Sacra-
mento. Here the second Mrs. Ellis died. The doctor remained at Sacra-
mento until about the year 1860. During this time he was married again,
to Miss Sarah J. Buckner. About the year 1860, Doctor Ellis removed
from Sacramento to Carson City, Nevada. Here, eight years after her
marriage, the third Mrs. Ellis died, and her husband was again left alone, and
remained unmarried until his death. He was a member of the California
legislature, and, at one time, was president of the medical university of
that state. The issue of his first marriage was three children: Robert H.,
Mar}r E., and Adrian C; of his second, two: Sallie and Rosa G.; and of
the third, four: Paris B., Ada M., John G., and William W. Dr. R. B.
Ellis died at Carson City, Nevada, in the month of January, 1873, and was
buried with Masonic honors, and the legislature adjourned out of respect

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 755

to the memory of the man who had figured so prominently in the affairs
of the state, and attended the funeral in a body.

ROBERT H. ELLIS.

Is the eldest son of Doctor R. B. Ellis, whose biography appears in
this work, and was born near Paris, in Bourbon count}-, Kentucky, Janu-
ary 8, 1836. His father removed with him to Missouri in 1837, and he
received his early education at the towns of Richmond and Gallatin.
When his father went to live in St. Louis, he was placed under the charge
and instruction of Doctor Goodrich, then a prominent educator of that
city. In 1850 he accompanied his father to California, and there finished
his education. After spending seven years in the state of California, he
returned to Richmond, Missouri, and engaged in merchandising until the
war began, in 1861. He enlisted under the first call of Governor C. F.
Jackson, and remained as long as General Sterling Price was in Missouri,
though he did not, after the state guard was disbanded enter the regular
Confederate service. In 1860 Captain Ellis was a candidate on the Breck-
enridge democratic ticket for representative of Ray county in the general
assembly, and was defeated by a majority of only thirty-five votes.
Except four years spent in the state of California, Mr. Ellis has lived con-
tinuously, since the war, in Ray county. In 1860 he was married to Miss
Emma Mansur, daughter of Charles Mansur, Esq., of Ray county. Five
children are the result of this union, all of whom are now living. Mr.
Ellis was admitted to practice law at the bar of Richmond in 1867, and
pursued the legal calling for about two years, but preferring a farmer's
life, he quit the law and became a tiller of the soil. Captain Ellis is des-
cended from one of the best of old Virginia's families, and is a gentleman
in every way worthy of his ancestry.

LEONIDAS DUVALL.

Is descended from the early French settlers of the "Old Dominion state."
He was born in Culpepper county, Virginia, on the 26th day of September,
1838. His father, Isaac Duvall, removed with him to Ray county, Mis-
souri, in the fall of 1814. He received his early education at the common
schools, attending, as was the custom of the boys of the neighborhood,
during the winter months, and assisting his father on the farm through the
summer. In 1859, he entered the new college at the town of Richmond,
and here completed his education. Mr. Duvall was married on the 26th
day of November, 1865, to Mrs. Mary Gross, a widow lady, whose
maiden name was Nuckols. She only lived about a year, and in Septem-
ber, 1871, Mr. Duvall was again married to Miss Virginia M. Payne, of
Clinton county, Missouri. Of this union two children, twins, were born,
on the 9th day of February, 1877. They were named respectively:

756 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

Albert Payne and Willie Payne, in honor of their grandfather. Mr.
Duvall owns a fine farm of 200 acres of good, fertile, land, chiefly devoted
to growing grass, and raising cattle and fine stock. He has been a
trader in mules since 1860, and in this business has accumulated the prin-
cipal part of his property. He owns the fine draft stallion, Loch Fergus
Chief, of the celebrated Clydesdale stock, imported from Scotland in 1879,
at a cost of more than a thousand dollars, and also is the owner of the
large black jack, Bourbon Chief, purchased in Kentucky, at a cost of one
thousand dollars. Mr. Duvall is making laudable efforts for the improve-
ment of the live stock of the county. Mr. DuvalPs farm lies near the
old oil wells of the St. Louis Petroleum Company, and the entire place
and adjacent lands were pronounced by Prof. Swallow, then state geolo-
gist, to be underlaid with coal. He is a member in good standing of the
Richmpnd Lodge, of the order of Free Masons, and one of Ray's most
progressive, practical and successful farmers, and occupies an enviable
position in the respect of the good people of the section in which he
resides.

J. F. DUVALL.

Was born in Culpepper county, Virginia, on the 20th day of February,
1840. He came to Missouri with his father who immigrated to Ray
county in the year 1844. Mr. Duvall obtained the greater part of his
education in the common schools of his neighborhood; he did, however,
attend the college at Richmond for the space of eighteen months. After
leaving this institution, Mr. Duvall began working at the saddle-maker's
trade at Richmond, and continued in this work for four years. At the
outbreak of the great civil war, he responded to the first call of Gov-
ernor Jackson for volunteers, and when the six months for which he
joined the state guards had expired, he entered the regular Confederate
army for the war, in the Third regiment of Missouri infantry. He
fought in every battle in which his regiment was engaged, except two.
After the surrender of the Confederate army in 1865, Mr. Duvall
returned to Ray county and resumed work on the farm with his father,
until he was married. His marriage to Miss Kate Forbes, daughter of
John Forbes, Esq., of Ray county, Missouri, took place on the 20th of
February, 1873. Of this union three children, Isaac, Fannie and Bettie,
have been born to them. Mr. Duvall occupies and owns a farm of one
hundred and twenty acres, all in an excellent state of cultivation,
except about twenty acres of woodland. He is also a stock raiser and
takes great pride in his good breed of live stock, more especially of hogs
and cattle. He is not a member of any religious denomination, but he
belongs to the brotherhood of A. F. & A. M. He has held the position
of worshipful master of his lodge at Millville for some years. Mrs. Duvall

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 757

belongs to the congregation of the Mount Hope M. E. Church. Mr.
Duvall is a prosperous farmer, a highly respected citizen, a kind neigh-
bor and an honorable gentleman.

ANDREW WELLS.

A native of Ray county, Missouri, was born six miles south of the
town of Richmond, on the 10th day of November, 1833. He lived here
and continued at work on the farm with his father until the outbreak of
the gold fever, and consequent rush to California. Our subject left home
in 1853, and went to the gold fields of the great west. In California, Mr.
Wells was chiefly engaged in mining, though he also operated a saw mill
and possessed a hog ranch while there. He returned home in 1857, hav-
ing been so successful in his quest of wealth as to enable him to buy a
comfortable home. On the 9th day of December of the same year, he
was married to Miss Susan F. Endsley, a daughter of Mr. John Endsley,
of Ray county. Mr. Wells remained on his farm in Ray county until
1864, when he removed to Virginia City, Montana territory. While
there he engaged in a trade in flour during the winter season, and mined
in summer. Mrs. Wells accompanied him in his travels through the west,
and they finally returned to Ray county and spent some months at the
home of her father, after which they again took possession of their old
home near Millville. Mr. Wells has been a member of the A. F. & A.
M. Lodge at Millville since 1870. He is a highly respected citizen, and a
good, practical farmer.

J. H. HAYNES.

J. H. Haynes was born in Ray county, Missouri, five miles north of
Richmond, August 29, 1849. He is a son of J. P. Haynes, Esq., whose
biography we give elsewhere in this work. Mr. Haynes received his
education, chiefly, in the common schools of his native county. In 1872,
Mr. Haynes was married to Miss Sophronia E. McCuistion, daughter of
William McCuistion, Esq., of Ray county. She was born upon the place
where they now reside, in 1856. Their union has been blessed by the
birth of two children : Bessie Ethel and William Elbert. Mr. Haynes is
a member of Crooked River Grange, No. 1005, Patrons of Husbandry,
and has given his lifelong attention to agricultural pursuits. He is
engaged to a considerable extent in raising fine stock. He feeds and ships
to market large numbers of hogs and cattle. Mrs. Haynes is a consistent
member of the Christian Church, and of the order of Patrons of Hus-
bandry. She was elected to the office of " Ceres " in the grange to which
she belongs, a year ago, and yet, April, 1881, occupies that position. Mr.
Haynes has been very fortunate and successful in his business affairs, and

758 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

to-day is in a highly prosperous condition. His excellent farm is well
supplied with everything necessary to his comfort and happiness, and he
is highly respected and esteemed by his fellow citizens.

H. C. SMITH.

Henry Clay Smith is a native of Kentucky, born in Woodford county,
on the 14th day of October, 1820. His father emigrated from Maryland
to Kentucky at an early day. He died soon after the birth of our sub-
ject, leaving his widow, with seven young children, in very straitened
circumstances. Henry's advantages for obtaining an education were, in
consequence of his father's death and the family's poverty, quite limited.
He remained with his mother, working for the common support of the
family, until his twenty-first year, when the whole family removed to
Ray county, Missouri, and stopped for about a year on a farm near Rich-
mond. This was in 1841. In 1842 Mr. Smith and his brother, B. F.,
bought a tract of land near the town of Millville. This land was in a
wild state, covered with dense forest and underbrush. # By their indomit-
able industry the brothers cleared and improved this place, and made
a living for themselves and their mother's family. They continued to
clear and improve the place until, in 1849, Henry bought out the interest
of his brother, and thus gained entire control of the place. His mother
continued to reside with him until her death, which occurred in 1859.
Mr. Smith was married in the autumn of 1870 to Miss Cynthia A. Smith,
daughter of Peyton T. Smith, a prominent farmer of Ray county.
Though their names were the same, they are not in anyway related to
one another by ties of consanguinity. Two children were born of this
union: Nora Belle and Lucy Rachel. Mr. Smith still resides on the
farm which himself and brother improved. He has added to it from
time to time until it now comprises some four hundred and forty acres.
His residence, a large and handsome frame building, occupies a conspicu-
ous location near the point where the Richmond, Russellville, Millville,
and Tinney's Point roads intersect one another. Since the wrar Mr.
Smith has turned his attention mostly to the raising of stock. Mrs. Smith
is a member of the Millville M. E. Church. Mr. Smith is a self-made
man, and one of the most properous and successful farmers in the county.

J. S. MATHENA.

Jeptha S. Mathena was born in Ray county, Missouri, on the 17th of
September, 1847. His father was Robert Mathena, a native of Ken-
tucky, who had emigrated to Missouri in the early history of Ray county.
Our subject was educated in the common schools of Ray county. Mr.
Mathena was married on the eighth day of February, 1877, to Miss Mol-
lie Hutchinson, daughter of William J. Hutchinson, of Ray county. The

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 759

issue of this union is one child, Eva, born November 25, 1878. He is not
a member of any church or secret organization except the Patrons of
Husbandry, which order he joined in January, 1874. Mrs. Mathena is a
member of the Missionary Baptist Church, which worships at Liberty
school house. Mr. Mathena is a thriving, prosperous young farmer, and
contemplates soon the purchase of an addition to his already valuable
farm, from a neighbor. He is a good, kind-hearted, accommodating
neighbor, and a highly esteemed citizen of Grape Grove township.

JOHN GUY.

This gentleman, one of the most successful farmers and stock-raisers of
his neighborhood, was born in Anderson county, Kentucky, in the year
1829. When he was but ten years old his father moved to Missouri, and
settled in Ray county, and two years later died, leaving a widow and
seven children. John continued living with his mother for about two
3rears after his father's death, and then he began to work for one John
McGhee, for the purpose of learning the tinner's trade. McGhee subse-
quently failed, and young Guy was thrown out of work. In his nineteenth
year he commenced to learn the trade of a blacksmith, under John Light-
ner, at Richmond. He mastered this trade, and in the year 1850, went with
Mr. Lightner to the state of California. Here Mr. Guy mined for a short
time, and then, going to Sacramento City, he again engaged at his trade,
and continued it during the remainder of his sojourn in the Golden State.
Having accumulated some money, he returned in 1858, to Richmond, Rav
county, and entered the seminary to finish his education. Leaving school
he opened a shop in the town of Richmond, and worked at his trade for
about a year. He then moved upon a farm in the county, near Liberty
school house, and erecting a shop continued the work of a neighborhood
blacksmith, with farming. Here he lived until 1863, when, to avoid the
war troubles with which the country was at that time rife, he went to
Colorado, where he worked for a while at his trade, and then commenced
freighting with wagons between Atchison, Kansas, and Denver, Colorado.
This business was very remunerative, but Mr. Guy was compelled to
abandon it on account of the hostility of Indians. He sold his wagons and
teams at a very handsome profit over the amount paid for them, and
returning to Ray county, bought a farm with the proceeds of his labors
in the west. Mr. Guy was married in the month of March, 1853, to Miss
Susan B. Mizner, daughter of Jerry Mizner, Esq., formerly of Ray county,
now deceased. Nine children were born of this union, seven of whom
are still living. Mrs. Guy died from the result of injuries received by a
fall through a bridge over a small stream near Millville. Mrs. Guy was
in a wagon with seven other persons, and as they were crossing the
bridge, it gave way, precipitating the wagon and its load of human

760 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

freight to the bottom of the stream. Several of the party were severely
injured, though none mortally but the wife of Mr. Guy. This accident
occurred on the 4th of August, 1874. Mr. Guy was married again, April
. 30, 1878, to Miss Susan C. Mathena. By her he has one child, an infant
son. Mr. Guy has been a consistent member of the M. E. Church
South, for about six years, and the present Mrs. Guy for twelve years.
Mr. Guy has a good farm, and is pleasantly and happily situated to enjoy a
long life and green old age.

W. H. BRIGHT.

William H. Bright was born in Lincoln county, Kentucky, October 10,
1839. His father was a farmer, and young Bright was reared on a farm
and taught to work. His education was acquired in the manner common
with so man)' farmers' sons, by attending school during the winter and
working on the farm in the summer. When he reached his twenty-first
year, Mr. Bright left Kentucky, in company with two brothers and a
number of other persons, to come to Missouri. They came overland
with a train of wagons direct to Ray county, and here our subject com-
menced farming for himself. Mr. Bright was not engaged on either side
during the war of the rebellion. He was drafted for the Union service
just before the close of the war, but was never ordered out for duty. He
was married in the year 1864, to Miss Nannie Frazier, daughter of Mr.
James Frazier, a resident of Ray count}-. The issue of this union was
seven children, five of whom, four girls and one boy, are now living. Mr.
Bright and his excellent lady are both worthy members, and have been
for many years, of the Christian Church. Mr. Bright is a good, prac-
tical, intelligent, and industrious farmer, and has done much toward the
improvement of that branch of industry to which he belongs.

ISAIAH MANSUR.

This gentleman is one of the largest land owners, and was one of the
earliest settlers of this county. He was born in Ludlow, Windsor county,
Vermont, February 19, 1815. His father, Stephen Mansur, was a native
of New Hampshire, born December 18, 1773. The grandfather of our
subject was a soldier in the old French and Indian wars, and also the war
of the Revolution, entering the latter war with the battle of Lexington,
and fighting until peace was declared and the freedom of the American
states established. The maiden name of Isaiah Mansur's mother was
Miss Hannah Felt. His parents were of Scotch-English descent, and
their family consisted of eight sons and four daughters, whose names with
dates of birth follow: Stephen, born August 25, 1799; Alvah, born
March 25, 1801; J. T. Gilman, March 12, 1803; Charles, November 24,
1805, Moody, February 3, 1808; Harriet Augusta, May 22, 1811; Isaiah,

PUBLIC LIB"*

HISTORY OK RAY COUNTY. 761

February 19, 1815; Mary Catherine, June 12, 1817; Stilman January 17,
1820; Porter, April 4, 1822, and Harriet Newell, August 17, 1826. Five
only of these are now (April, 1881) living, of whom Dr. Moody Mansur is the
oldest. Isaiah Mansur received his education in the country schools of
Vermont and New Hampshire. He removed to St. Louis, Missouri, in
1836, and for about one year was in charge of his brother Charles' drug
store there. This was the first drug store opened on Third street, in that
city. The business was very prosperous under Mr. Mansur's manage-
ment, but the brothers, preferring life in the country, sold out their busi-
ness in St. Louis, and removing to Ray county, began merchandising in a
country store, located upon what is now known as the " old Nuckols
place. " The brothers continued this business till 1 842, when they dis-
solved partnership, and divided the lands, which they had entered, and
purchased during their association in business. To Isaiah's share, fell
chiefly, the unimproved lands, and he was compelled to clear the timber
and brush away, in order to make fields, and build a home. Mr. Mansur
farmed until about the year 1849, when he again opened a store on the
farm now owned by Mr. R. H. Ellis. He conducted this store until 1852
when he built a store house in the town of Millville, and removed his
stock of goods to it. This store he operated until the war, keeping a
clerk in the store, while he remained on the farm. During the war, Mr.
Mansur was a Union man, and voted for delegates to the Union conven-
tion held at Jefferson City. Though strongly opposed to the rebellion, he
took no active part in the war, and did all in his power to preserve peace
and harmony among his neighbors and friends, and keep them out of diffi-
culties arising from their strong partisans feelings and sentiments. Mr.
Mansur was married, first, in the year 1844, in Ray county, Missouri, to
Miss Susan Smith. They became the parents of seven children, four sons
and three daughters, six of whom are still living, and all but one married.
Mrs. Mansur died on the first day of June, 1856, and Mr. Mansur was
married again, on the 3d day of January, 1871, to Miss Mary E. Lane, of
Atchison, Kansas. By her he is the father of three children, Julia, Har-
riet and Isaiah. Mr. Mansur has been a member of the Methodist Epis-
copal Church for the space of thirty-five years. His first wife also
belonged to that church. The present Mrs. Mansur belongs to the
Episcopal Church. Mr. Mansur is a prominent citizen of his community,
a successful business man, and is highlv esteemed for his good qualities as
a neighbor and a gentleman.

762 HISTORY OF RAY COUNT!

RALPH OLIPHANT.

A native of Ray county, Missouri, was born on the 20th day of Septem-
ber, 1840. He is of Scotch-Irish extraction, his father having been born in
Scotland and his mother in Ireland. His father, Alexander Oliphant, came
to Rav county in the year 1838. His business in the Old World not pay-
ing as he desired, he resolved to emigrate to the United States. Land-
ing at New Orleans, he at once turned his face toward the great north-
west, and coming to Ray county bought the farm upon which our subject
at this time resides. Here he planted a vineyard which was the second in
the county, only one having been previously planted within its borders
Upon this farm Mr. Alexander Oliphant died, in the year 1878, and his
son, Ralph, who had finished his education and been for some vears in
charge of the place, succeeded him as its owner. Here he still continues
to reside, cultivating and improving his fine place of four hundred acres.
Mr. Oliphant was married on the 7th day of December, 1869, to Miss
Catharine Mansur, daughter of Isaiah Mansur, a prominent farmer of the
county. The result of this marriage has been four children, two boys and
two girls. Their parents take great pride in these children, and intend
having them well educated and trained, especiallv in that much neglected
accomplishment, the knowledge of music. Mr. Oliphant's aged mother
resides with her son upon the old homestead. He is one of Ray's most
sterling citizens, and a successful, prosperous farmer, blessed with a prom-
ising happy family, and a handsome, comfortable home.

MICHAEL W. CRISPIN.

Was born in Fayette county, Ohio, September 4, 1844. His father
removed, when he was five years of age, to Highland county, in the same
state, and engaged there in farming and operating a distillery. In this
part of the state Mr. Crispin acquired his education in the common
schools. At the age of fifteen years our subject began the battle of life
for himself, working for various farmers until the beginning of the war of
the rebellion. In 1863 he enlisted in the 2d Ohio regiment of Union
troops, Colonel Gibson commanding, and served until after the surrender
of the Confederate armies. After the war he again returned to Ohio,
and continued farming. Mr. Crispin was married on the 14th day of
February, 1867, to Miss Eliza E. White, daughter of Mr. Joseph L.
White, of Highland county, Ohio. Determined to try his fortune in the
new country west of the Mississippi river, Mr. Crispin, immediately after
his marriage, started with his bride to Missouri. He landed from a steamboat
at Lexington, Missouri, and rented a farm about seven miles northeast of
Richmond, in Ray county. The following summer he bought land on
the road from Richmond to Utica, which he soon after sold and purchased

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 763

the place upon which he now resides, two and a half miles southeast of
the town of Millville. This place Mr. Crispin has improved until it is
one of the best farms and most pleasant and comfortable homes in the
county. Six children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Crispin, three of
each sex, all now living. Mr. Crispin was one of the charter members of
the Ray Grange, P. of H., which was afterward consolidated with
Crooked River and Morton Granges. Mrs. Crispin is a worth v member
of the M. E. Church. Mr. Crispin owns three hundred acres of well-
improved land, and is one of the most energetic, industrious, and success-
ful farmers and stock-raisers in Grape Grove township. He is also a
practical and experienced trader and dealer in live stock.

CHARLES F. BATES, SR.

The subject of the following sketch was born in Halifax county, Vir-
ginia, on the 6th day of June, 1830. His father died when Charles was
but four years of age, and in 1838, the whole family removed Missouri, set-
tling in Ray county, where his mother purchased a farm, three and a
half miles west of Richmond. This farm young Charles and his brothers
worked, maintaining the family. Their mother died here about 1847,
and the brothers continued to conduct the place and support the family
for about two years longer, when our subject went to live with a brother-
in-law. Himself and this brother-in-law, Mr. Henry E. Owen, pur-
chased the old homestead and farmed there, in partnership, until Mr.
Bates was married. His marriage took place November IS, 1852,
Miss Melissa A. Elliott, daughter of Richard S. Elliott, of Ray county,
becoming his bride. He remained on the old homestead one year after
marriage, and then selling his interest to Mr. Owen, he rented a farm for
one year. At the expiration of this time he purchased and improved the
place upon which he has since lived. This farm is seven miles north of
Richmond. Mrs. Bates, after becoming the mother of three children,
died in 1868, and Mr. Bates was subsequently married to Miss Mary V.
Lamar, by whom he is the father of three children. Mr. and Mrs. Bates
are both members of the M. E. Church South. When he was nineteen
years old Mr. Bates gave ten dollars, half of all he had in the world, to
help in building Todd's Chapel. Mr. Bates has been a hard worker, and
justly merits the success in his business that he has achieved. He is a
kind husband and an indulgent parent, greatly interested in the educa-
tion of his children, to whom it is his chief desire to leave the priceless
inheritance of a thorough education.

764 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

KEDAR WALL.

An old settler and prominent farmer of Ray county. Was born in
Anderson county, Kentucky, on the 26th of July, 1830. His father, who
was a farmer, sold his property and removed to Ray county, Missouri, in
1833, and settled on a farm two miles and a half northeast of Richmond.
Here he lived for about two years, and then removed to the farm upon
which Kedar Wall now lives, seven miles northeast of Richmond. Mr.
Wall enjoyed such opportunities as the schools of the neighborhood at
that time afforded, for acquiring an education. He inherited the old
homestead at his mother's death, and has worked industriously to improve
it, and to enhance its value. The original tract contained about fwo hun-
dred and forty acres, but he has continued to extend it by purchasing
additional land from time to time,. and it now comprises about four hun-
dred acres of most excellent farming lands. In December, 1855, .Mr.
Wall was married to Miss Sarah E. Pugh, a daughter of Henry H.
Pugh, Esq., of Ray county. Of this union eleven children have been
born, only seven of whom are now living. The eldest child, Henry, is
now in his twenty-third year Mr. Wall was one of the charter mem-
bers of the Millville Lodge, No. 338, of the order of A. F. and A. M.
Mrs. Wall is a very worthy member of the M. E. Church South, and
worships with the congregation at Liberty school house. Mr. Wall has
never taken much interest or a prominent part in politics, preferring to
live quietly in the discharge of his domestic duties.

. AMBROSE YOUNG.

Ambrose Young was born in Ray county, Missouri, on the 16th day
of May, 1831, and has always been a resident of his native county. He
was educated in the common schools, often walking the distance of four
or five miles to reach the school-house, and frequently not reaching home
on his return until long after dark. Mr. Young lived on the place that his
father settled until his marriage. He was married on the 29th day of
September, 1853, to Miss Frances Graham, daughter of William Graham,
Esq., a resident of Carroll county. Five children were born to bless this
union; three boys and one girl are yet living. Odus G. Young, the eldest
son, is a practicing attorney-at-law in Carrollton, Missouri, and Alonzo F.,
the second son, is in charge of his father's farm, both doing well. Mr.
Young is a member- of the A. F. & A. M. Lodge at Millville, and both
himself and his wife are members of the M. E. Church South at that
place. He was for three years postmaster at Millville, and was also,
during the same time, engaged with Fletcher Graham in- merchandising
there. His fine farm of three hundred acres of good land lies two and a
half miles south of Millville, on the Richmond road.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 765

SEBRON S. YOUNG.

This gentleman was born in Ray county, Missouri, on the Sth day of
February, 1829, about two miles from the present town of Morton. Soon
after his birth his father entered a large tract of land, something over
eleven hundred acres, eight miles north of the town of Richmond, and
moved upon it. Mr. Young received his education in the log school-
houses of that primitive time in the manner common with the sons of
farmers. He spent about sixteen years on the farm with his father, and
then went to Richmond and began clerking in the dry goods store of J.
S. Lightner. He remained in this position about three years, and then, in
1849, he went with a party of gold hunters to California. He lived in
California only about a year, and then returned home to Ray county. His
father and Isaiah Mansur formed apartnership about this time, and began
selling goods at Millville, and he was employed as clerk in their store.
At this business he continued for about three years, and until the death of
his father, when he gave his attention to farming, and this has been his
principal occupation ever since. He has taught school some during the
winter in connection with his farming. Mr. Young was married on the
16th of November, 1851, at Millville, to Miss Catherine C. Rainwater,
daughter of Rev. Moses F. Rainwater, now of St. Louis. They became
the parents of ten children, all but one of whom still live. He is a mem-
ber of the order of Free Masons, and both himself and Mrs. Young
belong to the M. E. Church South, at Millville. In 1862 he took the
contract for carrying the mails between Richmond and Utica, which was,
on account of the war troubles, a perilous undertaking, but Mr. Young
accomplished the task, and discharged every duty in a manner highly sat-
isfactory to the officials of the national postal service. Since the war Mr.
Young has given his undivided attention to farming, and is to-day a pros-
perous business man and a useful citizen.

JOHN TAYLOR YOUNG.

•

Although the gentleman whose name heads this page has been dead
for nearlv twentv-seven years, the part that he so well performed in the
early settlement and improvement of the county, justly claims a place in
her history. John Taylor Young was born in Fayette county, Kentucky,
January 12, 1800, and lived in his native state until he was about twenty-
seven years of age, when he resolved to seek a home in Missouri, at that
time comparatively a new state. He rirst came to Independence, in Jackson
county, and remained there for about a year, when he removed to the Ray
county bottom, and entering a small body of land, improved it and estab-
lished his home, for a short time, upon it, In 1829, he removed about
eight miles north of Richmond to a tract of about eleven hundred and

766 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

sixty acres of land which he had acquired by entry and purchase. Here,
after greatly improving his farm, Mr. Young continued to reside until the
time of his death. He was married on the 10th day of May, 1828, to
Miss Louisa, daughter of John Sneed, Esq., of Clay county. Eight chil-
dren were born to them, but only four are now living: Sebron, Ambrose,
Eliza, wife of H. C. Kell, and Warren, who lives with his family on the
old homestead. Mr. Young was, for a number of years prior to his
death, a consistent and worthy member of the Methodist Episcopal
Church. He died on the 7th of August, 1851, loved and honored by his
children, and respected by his neighbors and friends.

MARION M. CRITHFIELD.

Is a native of Tennessee, born in Claiborne county, on the hth day of
August, 1827. His father, Joshua Crithfield, removed to Ray county,
Missouri, in the year 1844, and settled on a farm about three miles west of
Millville. Mr. Crithfield received only limited opportunities for obtaining
an education, being compelled, as soon as he was large enough, to work
upon the farm. When the storm of civil war broke over the land Mr.
Crithfield left home to espouse the cause of the land of his birth. He
enlisted in the 11th Missouri regiment of Confederate infantry, and
fought throughout the entire war. After peace was declared he returned
to his old home in Ray county. In the month of February, 1870, Mr.
Crithfield was married to Miss Lizzie J. Hanna. Three children were
born from this union, only one of whom, a bright little girl of eight years,
named Ruth Ezzado, now lives. Immediately after his marriage Mr.
Crithfield removed with his bride to a place he had purchased, one mile
from Millville, and here he has made his home ever since. Mrs. Crith-
field lived only five years after her marriage, dying May 12, 1875, and
Mr. Crithfield has never married again. His sister, Mrs. Schooler, lives
with and keeps house for him. She and her brother are both members
of the M. E. Church South. Mr. Crithfield, like many another of Ray's
best citizens, has, by his own efforts and industry, acquired a good home,
and everything necessary to spending his life in comfort, and with the
esteem and respect of his neighbors.

NATHAN H. SCHOOLER.

A prominent farmer and old settler of this county. Was born in Bed-
ford count v, Tennessee, on the 31st day of March, 1828. Eight years
afterward his father, Nathan H. Schooler, Sr., emigrated from Tennessee
to Missouri, locating on a farm one mile and a half west of Millville, Ray
county. Upon this farm our subject spent the time until the year 1850,
when, fired by the gold excitement, he went to California. Here and in

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 767

Oregon, together, he spent about two years, and then returned to his
father's farm in Ray county, where he lived until the death of his father,
which occurred in the month of July, 1854. In November, of the
same year, Mr. Schooler was united in marriage with Miss Sarah, daugh-
ter of Henry F. Graham, Esq., of Ray county. The issue of this mar-
riage was four children : Luther Scott, Altie, Addie, and Ella. The last
named died in infancy. The others are yet living, and all of them are
married. Mrs. Schooler died on the 17th of July, 1861, and the war being
then in progress, Mr. Schooler determined to drown the poignancy of his
grief for her loss in the activity and excitement of the soldier's life. He
joined the Confederate army, and remained in the war until its close,
receiving a wound, the effects of which he stiil feels at times. After the
surrender of the southern forces Mr. Schooler returned to Ray county,
and resumed the management of his farm. Mr. Schooler is a member of
the order of Patrons of Husbandry, and also a Good Templar. He con-
tinues to reside upon and superintend operations upon his farm, which he
has finely improved and stocked with everything necessary to successful
farming. He enjoys the esteem and respect of his neighbors, and is a
good citizen, and an honorable, upright gentleman.

WARREN YOUNG.

Warren Young is the youngest living son of John T. Young, a pioneer
settler of Ray county, whose biography is given upon another page of
this work. He was born in Ray county, Missouri, on the 22d day of
September, 1838, and received such an education as the schools of the
times afforded. He early began work on his father's large farm, about
eight miles north of Richmond, and has been all his life engaged in the
same occupation. Mr. Young was married November 26, 1865, to Miss
Harriet, daughter of Mr. William Foushee, now a resident of Richmond.
The issue of this marriage was seven children, all of whom are now,
April, 1881, living. Mr. Young's mother, now quite old, resides with her
son on the old homestead, which he inherited from his father's estate.
Mr. Young has been in every way successful in the management of his
business affairs, and is doing a good work for the advancement and
improvement of the agricultural interests of the grand old county of Ray.

ROBERT A. WOOD.

The subject of this sketch is a Kentuckian. He was born in Woodford
county on the 26th da)' of September, L821. I lis father was Edward B.
Wood, an extensive farmer and slave owner, who had emigrated from
Virginia to Kentucky. He acquired his education in the schools of his
native state. His father died while he was a small boy, and after his
death our subject resided upon the plantation, assisting his mother in its

768 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

management until her death in 1836. Then when but seventeen years of
age, with the consent of his guardian and his relatives who were inter-
ested, he rented the homestead from the other heirs, and began its man-
agement for himself. When he attained his majority, Mr. Wood purchased
several of the interests of his brothers and sisters, and thus gained control
of the estate and greatly improved and beautified his home. Mr. Wood
inherited a number of slaves from his father's estate, and purchased others
whom he brought with him when he came to Missouri, and of course lost
them, with the exception of a few who died, and some sold under the
amnesty proclamation of 1863. Mr. Wood was married on the loth day
of October, 1844, to Miss Sarah A., daughter of James L. Keas, Esq., of
Clark county, Kentucky. Twelve children were born of this marriage,
five sons and seven daughters, all now living. Four daughters and two
sons are married, and Mr. Wood is the happy grandfather of some twelve
children, the issue of their marriages. In the spring of 1852, Mr. Wood
came to Missouri on a visit and prospecting tour, and he was so well
pleased with what he saw of the country, especially of Ray count}-, that
on his return to Kentucky he closed up his business there, and the follow-
ing summer removed with his family and slaves to this county. He rented
land when he first came while looking around for a suitable and available
place to buy. His wife's health failing she grew dissatisfied and despon-
dent, and longed for a return to the old Kentucky home, and Mr. Wood
after having been but about a year here, returned to Kentucky. But his
heart was fixed upon making his home in Missouri, and in the autumn
following his return to Kentucky, Mrs. Wood having recovered her
wonted health and strength, Mr. Wood came again with his family
to Ray county, and purchased the farm upon which he has ever since
resided. This farm approaches within less than a mile of Millville on the
west, and comprises five hundred and eighty acres, all inone body, of as
fine, fertile, rolling upland as can be found any where else in the county.
Since losing his slaves, Mr. Wood has turned his attention chiefly to stock-
raising, and has converted his farm mostly into pasture lands. Mr. Wood
is assisted in the management and direction of his large estate by his
eldest son, James E., a well educated and intelligent young gentleman.
Mr. Wood made a trip to the state of Texas, in 1879, on business con-
nected with some land which his brother, Edward B., formerly a soldier of
the Mexican war, now a prominent lawyer of Kentucky, possessed there.
Both Mr. and Mrs. Woods were members of the Methodist Episcopal
Church South, before leaving Kentucky, and although they have never
transferred their membership to any church here, they still cling firmly to
the tenets of that denomination. Mr. Wood is one of the largest and most
successful farmers and stock raisers in the county. Untiring industry and

HISTORY OK RAY COUNTY. 789

energy, unimpeachable honesty and veracity, boundless hospitality and gen-
erosity, have characterized his life and made the name of John A. Wood
to be honored among his fellow men.

JACOB STANLEY.

Jacob Stanley was born in Campbell county, East Tennessee, September
15, 1806, and was educated in the schools of that state. His occupation has
always been farming. Mr. Stanley was married in his native state, in his
twenty-fifth year, to Miss Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Moad, Esq., a near
neighbor of Mr. Stanley's father. Soon after his marriage, our subject, in
company with his father and father-in-law's families, removed to Ray
county, Missouri, first stopping during the summer about two miles west
of Richmond. Then he removed to a small farm two miles southwest of
Millville. He has since greatly improved and extended his place by entry
and purchase, until it now numbers some five hundred ?and twenty acres.
Upon this farm Mr. Stanley lived until the day of his death, June 22,
1879. Eleven children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Stanley, six sons
and five daughters, who are all living except one son, the eldest, and two
daughters; and all but Thomas M. and Henry J. are married. Thomas
M., the elder of the unmarried sons, has the management of the old
homestead, and lives upon it with his mother. Mr. Stanley, at the time
of his death, had been twenty-two years a consistent member of the
M. E. Church South. He was a kind-hearted man, a good neighbor, and
an upright, fair-minded, honest man.

JOHN S. FLOURNOY.

Well and prominently known throughout Ray county. Is of Scotch-
Irish descent, his ancestors having emigrated from Scotland to America
at a very early day. His father, James Flournoy, was a native of Mer-
cer county, Kentucky, and a large farmer and slave-owner of that state.
John S. Flournoy was born in Washington county, Kentucky, April 25,
1823. The foundation of his education was laid in the common schools of
his father's neighborhood, though he afterwards received the advantages
of the more extended course taught at St. Mary's College, a Catholic
institutition of Marion county. Mr. Flournoy's mind was early trained
to receive the Protestant faith and religion, and he imbibed no Casholic doc-
trines from his attendance upon their school. Mr. Flournoy's mother,
whose maiden name was Martha O. Halloway, was a native of Jessamine
county, Kentucky. She had been, at the time of her death, a devout
Methodist for half a century. This excellent lady, who lived to the
advanced age of eighty years, always exercised the greatest care in the
intellectual and moral training of her children. To this early training of
his mother, John S. Flournoy is indebted for the foundation of that ster-

770 HISTORY OK RAY COUNTY.

ling character, which, in after years, won for him the respect and support
of his fellow citizens. After leaving college, Mr. F. taught school for
several years during the winter months, and assisted upon the farm in
summer. On the 28th day of February, 1851, John S. Flournoy was
united in marriage to Miss Nancy C. M., daughter of Mr. James Keel, of
Warren county, Kentucky, a lady of intelligence, culture and elegant
taste. Two months after his marriage Mr. Flournoy removed, with his
father-in-law, to Missouri, stopping temporarily in Clay county, but in the
following October came to Ray county, and, in partnership with his
brother-in-law, Mr. H. C. Keel, purchased what was known as Carpen-
ter's mill, and farm consisting of 360 acres of land, situated on the east
fork of Crooked river. Mr. Flournoy soon became possessed of the
whole tract, by the purchase of his brother-in-law's interest, and subse-
quently selling 100 acres of the north part of the farm, reduced its size to
260 acres, which he soon improved into a productive and valuable farm,
where he has since made his home. In 1858 Mr. Flournoy was appointed
by the county court of Ray county, to assess range No. 27. This duty
he discharged in a very acceptable manner, and also made a perfect plat
of the congressional townships in his territory, range 27. Mr. A. Spen-
cer appointed him deputy assessor, and he assessed and made a plat, the
first of the entire county. He afterwards served as deputy assessor for
Lilburn McLaughlin, and also for A. P. Craven. In 1S71 he was a can-
didate before the democratic convention for the office of county assessor,
but was defeated by Mr. Craven. Nothing daunted he ran again in 1876,
and was elected. Bringing years of ripe experience to the discharge of
the duties of the office, his official service met with universal satisfaction
and approbation from his constituents and he was re-elected by a large
majority. At the close of his second term the county official newspaper
closed a very complimentary article upon him and his services with these
words: " He retires with honors justly deserved." Mr. and Mrs. Flour-
noy became the parents of ten children, all living but one, who died in
infancy. Their son, Thomas M. is now, April, 1881, deputy county clerk,
in the office at Richmond. Two daughters and the oldest son are mar-
ried. John S. Flournoy is a model farmer, a devoted father, a firm friend
and a highly respected and valuable citizen.

ALEXANDER MAITLAND.

Was born in Toronto, now Ontario, Canada, June 13, 1839. He is of
Scotch extraction, both of his parents being natives of Scotland. His
father, Alexander, sen., came first to the United States in the year 1835,
but remaining only two years, returned to Canada. Here he was mar-
ried to Miss Helen Skirring, about the year 1830. Our subject was the
second child and oldest son of this union. He received his education in

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. ,71

the excellent schools of Canada, finishing at Knox College, Toronto, with
the exception of a short time he attended school at St. Louis, after coming
to Missouri. In 1852 Mr. Maitland accompanied his father to the United
States, and made his home for about a year in the city of St. Louis, Mis-
souri. The next year his father moved to Ray county, and was employed
for a year as business manager by Colonel William Moore. Colonel
Moore died in 1854, and Mr. Maitland and J. Lightner, of Lexington,
Missouri, rented his property and continued the business for another year.
He then rented a farm in the Ray county bottom, upon which he resided
with his family until the year 1860. In that year Alexander, Jr., left home
and began life for himself. Going to the mountains of Colorado, he
engaged in gold mining for about six months, but not meeting with
encouraging "luck," he left off mining and returned to Ray county. Not
having been naturalized, he was yet a British subject, and in consequence,
did not suffer molestation from any source during the stormy times
after his return, until 1865. On the 4th day of March, 1865, Mr.
Maitland was married to Miss Mary G. Oliphant, daughter of Alexander
Oliphant, deceased, formerly of Ray county. Mr. Maitland continued the
occupation of farming after his marriage, and has not since engaged in
any other business. In 1867 he built a house upon a tract of land belong-
ing to his wife, and, improving it also otherwise, made his residence upon
it. To this tract he has continued to add purchases from time to time,
until now his farm includes three hundred and twentv acres of excellent
and very valuable land. Mr. Maitland is one of the leading stockmen of
his section of the county, paying considerable attention to the breed-
ing and raising of the better grades of live stock. He has some very
fine pedigreed young heifers, and his Cotswold sheep are among the
best in that locality. Mr. Maitland and wife have seven children, the eldest,
a boy of fifteen years, the youngest an infant. All are bright, intelligent
and promising children, and their parents are exercising great care and
pains to have them properly and well educated. Though raised a Pres-
byterian, Mr. Maitland is now a Methodist in religious belief. He is a
genial, courteous, hospitable gentleman, a successful, prosperous business
man and a good citizen.

DANIEL CRAMER.

A native of Germany, was born near the village of Geharde, in Hano-
ver, May 16, 1817. His father was a farmer of that province and with
him our subject lived, working on the farm, until he was about eighteen
years of age. A short time previous his brother had gone to America,
and wrote back such glowing accounts of the new world beyond the
great waters, that young Daniel determined to go and try his fortune
there, and at the same time escape military service in his native country.

772 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

He sailed from Bremen in the month of April, 1835, and the following June
landed on the American shore at Baltimore, where he worked in a cotton
factory for two years. He then went to Pennsylvania and was employed
on a boat plying the Schuylkill river, until the year 1S44. In the spring
of that }rear he came to Ray county, Missouri, and entering one hundred
and sixty acres, two miles northwest of Millville, established his home
there and has never removed from it, but has bought and improved more
land, from time to time, until now he has a large farm of four hundred
acres of very fertile land. Mr. Cramer was married in Pennsylvania, on
the 19th day of December, 1841, to Miss Louisa Litzenger. They
became the parents of five children, three girls and two boys. All are
married except Frank, the youngest, now business partner of J. P.
Grimes, at Millville. The voungest daughter, who was the wife of Mr.
Owen, is dead, and her three boys live with their grandfather, Mr. Cramer.
Our subject took no part in the war of the rebellion, and was bitterly
opposed to it. He has always been a good, loyal citizen of his adopted
country. In 1864 Mr. Cramer was appointed justice of the peace by the
county court, and served till 1866, when he was elected to that office,
and discharged its duties until 1868, when he resigned to qualify for the
office of judge of the countv court, to which he had been elected by
his fellow citizens. Mr. Cramer was reared in the faith of the Lutheran
Church, but as there has been no organization of that denomination in
his locality, has never connected himself with the church here. Mrs.
Cramer is a worthy member of the M. E. Church at Millville. Mr.
Cramer is a prosperous farmer, a good neighbor, and an honorable and a
valuable citizen of his adopted county.

JAMES VANBEBBER.

This gentleman was born in East Tennessee, and spent the earlier part
of his life in that state. Here he was engaged extensively in farming, and
that was his lifelong occupation. When about twenty-five years of age
he was married to Miss Elizabeth Yocum, daughter of Isaac Yocum,
Esq., of Tennessee. Ten children, five of each sex, were born of this
union. Eight of them are now living. In the vear 1834, Mr. Vanbebber
moved from Tennessee to Missouri, and settled in Ray county, in the
river bottom near the present town of Hardin. Here he lived for about
two years, and then buying and entering some two hundred acres of land
thirteen miles north of Richmond, removed with his family to it, and lived
there for the space of twenty-five years. He then sold his farm and
removed to Caldwell county, Missouri, where he died in 1874. His widow
is still living with her son in Caldwell county. The oldest son, William
H. Vanbebber, is now living a short distance south of the place his father
settled in Ray county. He has a good farm, a neat residence, and is

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 773

doing well. He is the father of three promising boys. Himself and his
excellent lady are both members of the Methodist Church at Millville.

RICHIE KINCAID.

Was born in Ray county, Missouri, on the 15th day of March, 1839.
He was educated in the common schools of his native county, and has
always been, since leaving school, engaged in farming. He was married
first on the 16th day of December, 1860. His wife, after becoming the
mother of nine children, six boys and three girls, died August 4, 1879.
Mr. Kincaid was married the second time, October 13, 1880, to Mrs. Eliz-
abeth Wild, widow of Henry W. Wild, deceased. The present Mrs.
Kincaid is a member of the Christian Church. The former wife was a
Methodist. Mr. Kincaid owns a good farm of one hundred and four
acres, with a neat, comfortable home, and is doing well in his business.

JAMES KINCAID.

James Kincaid was born in Greenbrier county, Virginia, on the 28th
day of August, 1804. His father removed to Campbell county, East
Tennessee, when he was but eight years old. Here he was educated,
and worked with his father on the farm until he was twenty-four years of
age. In the year 1828 he was married to Miss Sarah Craven, daughter
of Richard Craven, Sr., and two years later he removed to Missouri, and
settled in Ray county, four miles west of the town of Richmond. Enter-
ing one hundred and sixty acres, eleven miles north of Richmond, he
removed upon it the next year, and lived there until the time of his death.
He subsequently purchased more land, and increased the size of his place
to six hundred and forty acres. Grain and hemp were the principal pro-
ducts of his farm. He lost several valuable slaves by the war. Mr. and
Mrs. Kincaid were the parents of fourteen children, nine of whom,
eight boys and one girl, are yet living. Mr. Kincaid, in religious belief,
inclined to Methodism, though he was not a member of any church. He
died December 14, 1868, deeply lamented by his family, and respected by
all who had known him.

ALFRED C. KINCAID.

Was born in Ray county, Missouri, December 31, 1843, and educated
and reared here. He began work on his father's farm early in life, and
has followed farming ever since as the chosen calling of his life. He
served thirteen months in the Federal army during the civil war, under
compulsion, having been drafted. Alfred C. Kincaid was married on the
16th day of April, 1866, to Miss Rachel Grimes. They became the
parents of six children, only two. of whom, both girls, are now living.

774 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

Both Mr. and Mrs. Kincaid are members of the Methodist Episcopal
Church South, at Millville. He is also a member of the King Hiram
Lod^e. A. F. & A. M., at Knoxville.

JAMES N. GRIMES.

This gentleman is the son of Henry C. Grimes, and brother of J. P.
Grimes, of Millville. He was born in Campbell county, Tennessee. He
left his native state when eleven years old, and came to Ray county, Mis-
souri, where he was married, on the 2d day of September, 1862, to Miss
Abigail Stemley. The issue of this union was live children. Ten years
after her marriage Mrs. Grimes died, and Mr. Grimes was married again,
in January, 1873, to Miss Sophronia Magill, of Ray county. By her he
has three children. Mr. Grimes belongs to the M. E. Church South, as
did his former wife, and also his present lady. He is also a member of
the Millville Lodge, A. F. & A. M. He was engaged for two years,
1873-4, in merchandising, at Millville. Mr. Grimes has always been a
farmer, in which occupation he has been very successful.

JOSEPH PETTUS.

Was born in the state of Virginia. When still a small boy, his parents
removed to Lincoln county, Kentucky, and here Joseph grew up, work-
ing on his father's farm. He was married in the month of October, 1829,
to Miss Mar)' Ann Hamilton, daughter of Thomas Hamilton, Esq., now
deceased. They became the parents of sixteen children, ten sons and six
daughters, fourteen of them, nine sons and five daughters, still survive.
In October, 1833, Mr. Pettus left Kentucky and came to Ray county,
Missouri, settling one and a half miles southeast of Elkhorn, in the then
almost unbroken wilderness, where he had entered three hundred and
sixty acres of land. He afterward bought eighty acres more, making in
all four hundred and forty acres of rich land. Here he lived until the
time of his death, 1857. He was occupied with his business, and took no
active part in politics. In religion, both himself and his wife were what
have been termed Kellyites. Mr. Pettus' remains were interred upon his
farm. He was successful with his business, because he was industrious
and economical. All that he acquired of wealth he made by his own
indomitable pluck, perseverance, and unremitting labor. His efforts were
accredited their due measure of approbation, and he was greatly respected
by his neighbors.

JOHN H. CRAMER.

This gentleman was born near the town of Geharde, in the province of
Hanover, Germany, on the 15th day of May, 1810. He was educated at
the schools of Geharde. His father was a farmer, and in the choice of a

HISTORY OF RAV COUNTY. 775

calling, the son followed his example. In 1834 our subject immigrated to
the United States, landing at the port of Baltimore, in the month of May.
In this city he remained eleven years, employed in a commission house.
Here he was married the same year of his arrival, to Miss Ann A. Strodt-
mann. Of this union one son was born, John Henry, now a practicing
physician of Mandeville, in Carroll count)-, Missouri. Mr. Cramer came
to Ray county in June, 1845, first landing at the town of Camden. Ten
days after his arrival he bought the same farm upon which he now lives,
except that he has since enlarged it by additional purchases. It numbers
now five hundred and forty acres, with good, comfortable, and rooms-
house, large, substantial barn, and other necessary out-buildings, and a tine
orchard. Mrs. Cramer died June 18, 1858, and Mr. Cramer was subse-
quently married to Miss Ruth E. Crithtield. Six children were the result
of this union, but three of whom are now living with their father, the
others having died. In religion, Mr. Cramer is a Lutheran, but as there
has been no church convenient, he has never connected himself with his
brethren in this county. Mrs. Cramer is a member of the M. E. Church
South, at Knoxville. All his children are educated in English, and his eldest
son, Doctor Cramer, in both German and English. Mr. Cramer is a suc-
cessful farmer, a kind-hearted neighbor, and a good citizen of the countv
of Ray.

WILLIAM M. SCHOOLER.

Was born in the state of Tennessee, on the 2d day of January, 1818.
During his infancy his parents removed to Madison county, Kentucky.
Here our subject received his education, and learned the carpentering
trade. In the year 1843 our subject made a tour of inspection through
the state of Missouri, in search of a place to make his home. While in
Chariton, Missouri, he met and wooed and won for his bride Miss Mildred
Gooch, daughter of Gideon Gooch, Esq., a resident of that place. They
were married, and Mr. Schooler took his bride back with him to Ken-
tucky. But he was so well pleased with what he had seen of Missouri
that he could not content himself to remain in Kentucky, and his wife
was continually pining for her Missouri home. So, the very next year,
Mr. Schooler removed to Missouri, settling, when he first came, in Linn
county, about nine miles from the town of Linneus, on the Chillieotlu-
road. Here he continued to reside until the year 1847, when he came to
Ray county, and located on a place about three miles west of Millville.
Here Mr. Schooler continued to reside until his death. Thirteen children
were born to Mr. Schooler and wife. Nine of them are now living, and
five are married. Mr. John A. Schooler, who is yet unmarried, conducts
the old homestead for his mother, the widow of our subject. Mrs. Cramer
is a consistent and worthy member of the Christian Church, and most of

776 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

the children belong to that church. One of the daughters is a regular
Baptist. Mr. Cramer died January 22, 1869, and is buried in the ceme-
tery near his old home, and men remember him as an upright, honorable
man, a good neighbor, and an orderly citizen.

REV. JAMES DUVAL.

James Duval was born in Culpepper county, Virginia, on the 8th day
of March, 1804. He was the second son and fourth child of a large
family. He was educated in the schools of his native state, and was an
apt and industrious pupil. Always passionately fond of books, and of
research for knowledge, he never ceased, to the day of his death, being
a hard student. Early in life Mr. Duval was converted to the Christian
religion, and connected himself with the Old School Baptist Church.
The conviction that it was his duty to "go into all the world and preach
the gospel," was so strong upon him, that he, soon after his conversion,
was ordained to the work of the gospel ministry, and gave his lifelong
service to it. Mr. Duval was married in the month of November, 1836,
to Miss Lydia Russell, of Frederick county, Virginia, and in the autumn
of 1848, removed with his family to Missouri. He located in Ray county,
six miles north of Richmond, where he purchased, and entered together,
more than seven hundred acres of land, and when not engaged in his
ministerial labors, Mr. Duval devoted his time to the successful manage-
ment of his large farm. Mr. Duval was an inveterate reader, and pos-
sessed a remarkable memory. He never forgot what he read, and was
regarded as the best informed man in his section of the county. Eight
children were born of his union with Miss Russell, seven sons and one
daughter. Three sons were killed in battling for the south. Lieutenant
William Duval was killed at Corinth, Mississippi, while gallantly planting
the Confederate flag on the Union breastworks. He was the third man
killed while trying to plant the southern colors on the defenses of the
"boys in blue" in that sanguinary struggle. Thomas and Henderson
were killed at the battle of Baker's Creek, Mississippi. Mr. Duval lost
his wife in September, 1874. She was an excellent lady, and a fitting
companion for her husband. Her death was deeply mourned by her
many friends. James Duval died on the 6th day of April, 1881, after
having been pastor of Marion Church, near Knoxville, for more than
thirty years. His loss was greatly lamented by his congregation, and his
memory is honored and revered by the entire community. He was a
kind-hearted, modest, pious and godly man, generous and charitable to
the erring. His death leaves a void in the ministry and in the community
not easy to be filled.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 777

ISAAC DUVAL.

Was a native of Virginia. He was born in Culpepper county, that
state, July 16, 1806. Received the advantages of such schools as the
times afforded, and was reared to be a farmer, and always pursued that
calling. Isaac Duval was married in his native county, on the 6th day of
November, 1837, to Miss Sarah M. Jeffreys. The issue of this marriage
was three boys and one girl. He moved to Ray county, Missouri, in the
vear 1844, and settled in Richmond township. His wife died July 3,
1S45, and he was was afterwards married to Mrs. Rebecca Mausur, relict
of Charles Mausur, Senior. Mr. Duval removed about the year 1849, to
Grape Grove township, and purchased the farm upon which he lived at
the time of his death. He was inclined to Lutheranism in religious
views, though he was not a member of any denomination. He was a
member of the Millville Lodge of A. F. & A. M. Isaac Duval died,
November 17, 1879, highly respected by all who knew him. A good
man and valuable citizen is gone.

HIRAM P. SETTLE.

Is a Virginian. He was born in Fauquier county, Virginia. When he
was three months old his father died. His mother subsequently married
and went to Ohio, and he was left to the care of his grandfather's family,
by whom he was raised. After leaving school, at the age of about four-
teen years, he began to learn the trade of a tailor, at Fairfax, in Culpep-
per county. He served out his apprenticeship, and at the age of twenty-
one commenced business for himself, and continued for a year or so work-
ing at his trade, and then gave up tailoring for the more congenial occu-
pation of farming, and has never since engaged in any other calling.
Hiram P. Settle was married in the year 1834, to Miss Juliet A. DuvaL
They became the parents of seven children, three only of whom, two
sons and a daughter, survive. The latter, Elizabeth S., is now the wife
of D. C. Allen, Esq., of Liberty, Missouri. In the year 1844 Mr. Settle
came to Missouri in company with Isaac Duval, Esq. He first located
near Richmond, and remained there about one year. In the month of
March, 1846, he purchased part of the farm where he now lives, six miles
northeast from Richmond, and moved his family to it. He extended this
farm by entry and purchase, from time to time, until now it comprises five
hundred and twenty acres of excellent land in a high state of cultivation,
and well improved. Mr. Settle is in the front ranks of successful, prom-
inent farmers and stock-raisers of Ray county. He claims to have raised
the fastest horse ever bred in the county. This horse was sold and taken
to New Mexico in the year 1878. Mr. Settle has now (April, 1881,) as
fine a herd of blooded cattle as can be found in the county. Red Duke,
49

778 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

a thoroughbred bull, stands at the head of the herd. He is also largely
engaged in breeding fine hogs and sheep. Of the latter he keeps the long
wool Cotswold and Southdown varieties. His hogs are mostly of the
Poland-China breed. For the trouble and expense he incurs in his laud-
able efforts to improve the stock of the county, great credit is due Mr.
Settle. Hiram P. Settle is truly a self-made man. When he began life
he had nothing, now he is the possessor of a competence, and continually
growing wealthier. By his untiring energy and industry he has accom-
plished it all. His example should be a valuable lesson to the youth of
the land. For ten years prior to the civil war, Mr. Settle was one of the
board of directors of the Ray county agricultural and mechanical asso-
ciation. He is a member of the Richmond Lodge of A. F. & A. M. As
a citizen and a farmer, Hiram P. Settle stands among the foremost of
those interested in the development and progress of Ray county. He,
the architect of his own fortune and character, truly builded well.

DAVID A. THOMPSON.

Was born in Russell county, Virginia, on the 25th day of February,
1821. He was the voungest son of a family of nine children. His father,
Richard Thompson, was an extensive property holder and farmer of his
native county. But before our subject was grown his father was entirely
ruined financially, bv the payment of large sums of money to discharge
debts of some friends for whom he was security. When young Thomp-
son was eighteen years old, his father removed from Virginia with the
hope of reviving his shattered fortunes in Missouri. He settled in Ray
county, where he entered a tract of land. David A. Thompson soon after
left home and began for himself the hard struggle of a poor boy for a
livelihood. He first hired to chop wood in the river bottom opposite Lex-
ington. He was economical and saved his wages so well that when he
arrived at the age of twenty-two years, he had the neat sum of two hun-
dred dollars. Young calves were cheap and Mr. Thompson invested the
whole sum in them, buying fifty-two. He placed his calves upon good
pasturage and allowed them to grow until they were three years old, and
then sold them at a large profit and invested the proceeds of their sale in
land. He continued at intervals to enter land until his farm now includes
three hundred and seventy-four acres of valuable land. Mr. Thompson's
early history teaches practically, how important it is to economize in small
matters, and what good results may come from the judicious investment of
even a small sum of money. David A. Thompson was married in the
year 1854, to Miss Eveline Mayberry, of Ray county. Of this union one
son was born: George W., yet living. Mrs. Thompson died about three
years after her marriage, and Mr. Thompson was afterward married to
Miss M. J. Lozier, of Ray county. By her he became the father of eleven

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 770

children, seven boys and four girls. Two, George W., and David R.,
are married. Mr. Thompson is a worthy member of the Old School Bap-
tist Church, as is the present Mrs. T.; his former wife was a Presbyterian.
David A. Thompson has made all that he has, arid accomplished all that
he is, by his own efforts. Iron will, indomitable pluck, and ceaseless indus-
try, have characterized his life work. He is highly respected for his many
excellent qualities by his fellow citizens.

LORENZO S. MAGILL.

Son of Judge L. H. Magill, was born April 2, 1856, and raised in Ray
county, Missouri, near the town of Knoxville, on his father's farm. He
finished his education at the Richmond College, and at the age of eigh-
teen years engaged in teaching school for about three years, after which
he went to farming. Mr. Magill was married on the 5th day of October,
1880, to Miss Emma Dale, daughter of M. G. Dale, of Ray count)'. She
was born in October, 1863. He and his father-in-law have recently pur-
chased a farm of one hundred and seventy acres, about eight miles north
of Richmond, and known as the Anderson place. Here Mr. Magill has
established himself with his fair young bride, and here he will doubtless
make a successful farmer and a valuable citizen, c

J. W. C. WILSON, Sr.

James W. C. Wilson, Sr., was born in Campbell county, Tennessee, on
the 16th day of February, 1808. His father, Levi Wilson, Esq., was a
prominent farmer and large land owner of that state. Mr. Isaac Wilson,
uncle of our subject, was one of Ray county's earliest pioneers, having
come to the county more than sixty years ago. The subject of this arti-
cle was reared and educated in his native state. In the year 1829, his
father removed to Ray county, Missouri, but remaining then only tempo-
rarily, went to Clay county and remained there for about four years. He
then returned to Ray county and lived here, the remainder of his life.
Mr. James W. C. Wilson has never had his home changed from Ray
county since he first came here, at the age of twenty-two years, except
during the year 1830, when he lived in Clay county, Missouri. When
Mr. Wilson commenced life for himself, he had not a dollar in the world.
He hired to work on the farm of William Carlisle, of Ray county, for
ten dollars per month; at that time considered high wages, and only paid
to the very best farm hands. At the end of two years Mr. Wilson had
saved from his wages the sum of one hundred and one dollars. Of
this sum he paid one hundred dollars, half its price, for a farm of eighty
acres, for which he had bargained, the remaining one hundred dollars of
the price of the farm, to be paid in less than eleven months from the time

780 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY

of the first payment. He now had just one dollar left. He possessed
besides, five acres of corn, which he had grown in Clay county, and from
the sale of it realized the sum of fifty dollars, selling at seventeen and a
half cents per bushel of corn and fifty cents per hundred bundles for the
fodder. This sum he also paid upon the price of the farm, and in consid-
eration of paying in advance, of the stipulated time, received credit for
sixty instead of fifty dollars. Mr. Wilson worked until he had the
remaining forty dollars, and then paying the balance due on the place,
received a deed to it. Thus he first became a land-holder, and laid the
foundation for his future success and usefulness. He now owns a farm of
895 acres, ten miles north of Richmond, on the Kingston road; 800 acres
of this place are under fence, about 340 acres of pasture lands, and
4-60 acres in a high state of cultivation. This is the largest and most
valuable farm in the township. Mr. Wilson has always been a Benton
democrat, and formerly took considerable interest in politics. He has
repeatedly been a delegate to the democratic convention of his county and
congressional district. He has never sought or desired office at the hands
of his party, though he has never failed to support the nominees of both
state and national conventions, except the nomination of Horace Greeley
for the presidency, in 1872. Mr. Wilson did not regard him as a proper
choice for a democratic convention to make, and did not support him. Mr.
Wilson has never married, and his mother, now ninety -four years of age, lives
with him, and despite her son's efforts to restrain her from attempting any
household cares, she insists still upon superintending the domestic affairs
of the house. Her health is good, and for one so old, she is remarkably
strong and active. Mr. Wilson is one of Ray county's most substantial
farmers and best citizens, and the perusal of his life's history should
inspire the poor youth of the county to emulate his example in the acqui-
sition of property.

JOHN C. GARNER.

John Campbell Garner was born in Clarke county, Kentucky, January
21, 1811. His father, Colonel Jesse W. Garner, was a carpenter, archi-
tect and draughtsman, and is known here as the original contractor and
builder of the Missouri penitentiary at Jefferson City. His father came
to Missouri some years before the subject of this article, and young John
was reared by his uncle, John Campbell, after whom he was named.
John Campbell was a revolutionary soldier and served through the
entire war. He held the rank of lieutenant. Mr. Garner's uncle left his
nephew, at his death, a handsome legacy, by will, of one hundred and
sixty acres of land, and two valuable slaves. After the death of his uncle
he took charge of the farm for his aunt. This aunt was the sister of
Governor Clark, of Kentucky. Mr. Garner never married, and his aunt

HISTORY OF RAV COUNTY. 781

and a cousin were his housekeepers, until 1854, when the former died.
He then sold his farm for seventy-five dollars per acre, and the next year
came to Missouri. He had been very successful in dealing in horses,
mules and cattle, in Kentuckv, and he brought about twenty-five thou-
sand dollars away with him from that state. After coming to Missouri
he first stopped near Morton, in Ray count)-, but remaining there only a
few months, he removed, in March, 1857, to the place where he now
resides, on the Kingston road, nine miles north of Richmond. Here he
purchased six hundred and fort}' acres of land, and at once began
improving it by fencing and building a dwelling house and barn. Mr.
Garner had just gotten his place improved, and was ready to commence
business in earnest, when the war came and his slaves were taken from
him. Mr. Garner spent most of his time during the war in Richmond.
He has never engaged in any but agricultural pursuits, and owns now
about nine hundred and thirty-eight acres of excellent land, all lying near
his homestead. Though Mr. Garner has never been a candidate for
office, he has always taken a great interest, and kept himself well
informed in political affairs. While he was living in Kentucky he
organized the second Know-nothing council in Clarke county. Formerly
he was a whig, but since dissolution of that party he has acted with the
democracy. He has been, for a number of years, a member of the M.
E. Church South, at Richmond. Although Mr. Garner did not enjoy
many advantages for getting an education in his youth, he has read so
much and so diligently and attentively, that his vigorous and retentive
memory is well stored with valuable knowledge. His health has not
been good for some time, and he is kept much indoors. This gives him
a better opportunity to indulge his taste for reading. Mrs. Smith, his
sister, keeps house for him. John C. Garner has been very successful as
a farmer and stock raiser; he is an obliging neighbor, an honorable gen-
tleman, and a highly respected citizen of the county of Ray.

A. D. CLARK, M.D.

The subject of this sketch was born in Clay county, Kentucky, on the
7th day of February, 1827. When he was four years of age his father
removed to Ray county, Missouri, and he received his education partly
in the common schools and partly at Richmond College. He began the
study cf medicine in the office of his father, Doctor Hiram Clark, at the
age of nineteen years. Four years later, 1851, at the age of twenty-
three, he began to practice his profession in Knoxville township. The
next year he bought a farm of one hundred and sixty acres, about a mile
and three-quarters north of Knoxville, where he resided until 1859. Then
he moved a short distance south of his former home, to a farm he had
purchased, and there he has since resided. This farm now comprises 420

782 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

acres. Dr. Clark was married in August, 1852, to Miss Amanda Jones,
daughter of Solomon Jones, Esq., of Ray county. The issue of this
union was seven children, only three of whom, one son and two daugh-
ters, are now living. The son and one daughter are mar.ried; the other
still lives with her father. Mrs. Clark is a member of the M. E. Church
South, at Knoxville. Doctor Clark is a member of the order of A. F. &
A. M., and was one ot the charter members of King Hiram Lodge No.
309, of Knoxville. He continues to live upon his farm and superintend
its management in connection with the practice of his profession. He is
a very successful and popular physician, and enjoys a large practice.

HIRAM J. CLARK.

Was born in Ray county, Missouri, on the farm where he now resides
in the year 1813. His father wras Dr. Hiram Clark, a practicing physi-
cian of Knoxville, and the father of a family of five children, of whom our
subject is the youngest. Mr. Clark received his education in the schools
of Ray county. His father having died, he bought the interests of the
other heirs, and became the sole possessor of the old homestead at the
age of nineteen years. Soon after, in 1862, he started west and went to
Oregon, where he remained about five months, and then came back as
far as Idaho territory. Here he lived about the same length of time as in
Oregon, and then returned to Ray county. During the first year after
his return he was engaged very profitably, trading in cattle. The next
year he took possession of his farm, and has made his home there ever
since. Mr. Clark was married on the 28th day of June, 1865, to Miss
Elizabeth Thomas, daughter of Mr. John Thomas, a resident of Rav
county. Seven children were bore to them, five boys and two girls, all
now living. Since the war, Mr. Clark has prospered greatly with his
farming, and has extended his landed possessions, until now he is the
owner of the north half of section one, township 53, range twenty-eight,
He is a member ot the old school Baptist Church, and also of lodge No.
309, A. F. & A. M., at Knoxville.

JACOB T. CRAVEN.

Is a native of North Carolina. He was born in Randolph county, that
state, in the month of May, 1831. He was educated in the district schools
of his father's neighborhood, and, after leaving school, began the work of
farming, and this has been his chief occupation. In 1853 Mr. Craven was
married to Miss Sarah Wright, also of Randolph county, North Carolina.
They became the parents of four children, all now living, and two mar-
ried. Three years after his marriage he removed to Nodaway county,
Missouri, and entering and improving & farm there, lived upon it till the
outbreak of the great civil war. Mr. Craven was among the first to

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. . v '■',

respond to Governor Jackson's call for state troops, and, when the time
for which he had enlisted in the Missouri guard had expired, he joined
the regular Confederate army, and went to the war with Colonel Gates'
first regiment of Missouri cavalry. He was in every battle and skir-
mish in which his regiment was engaged, till he was wounded at the
battle of Peach Tree Creek, in 1803. After the fight of Pea Ridge his
brigade was transferred to the department of war east of the Mississippi,
and here Mr. Craven followed all the movements of the army. He was
twice wounded and once taken prisoner. When the war was over, Mr.
Craven went to the state of Illinois, where his wife joined him, and lived
there for four years. In 1869, having sold his farm in Nodaway count)',
Missouri, he came to Ray county, and has ever since lived here, upon a
farm he bought, south of the town of Knoxville. Mr. Craven is a mem-
ber of Marion (Baptist) Church, and also a member of the Masonic
Lodge, at Knoxville, which he joined by demit from the lodge of which
he had been a member, in North Carolina. Mr. Craven was a brave sol-
dier, has been a successful farmer, and is now a useful and highly
respected citizen of the community in which he lives.

JEREMIAH CAMPBELL.

Was born in Campbell county, Tennessee, in the year 1802. He
received the advantages of such schools as his native county at that time
afforded. He was married at about the age of twenty-two years, to Miss
Elizabeth Vanderpool. Eight children were born to them as the result of
this union, four of each sex. Five of them are still living. Jeremiah
Campbell was a soldier in the Black Hawk war. He removed from Ten-
nessee to Ray county, Missouri, in the year, 1836, and settled about ten
miles northeast of Richmond. Both Mr. and Mrs. Campbell were con-
sistent members of the "old school" Baptist Church. Mr. Campbell died
in July, 1875. In life he was greatly respected by all who knew him.

JAMES G. COLLIER.

J. G. Collier was born in Bourbon county, Kentucky, March ♦>, 1841.
Here he received the principal part of his education. When he was four-
teen years of age, his parents came to Missouri and located, for a time, in
Saline county, where he engaged in farming. He went into the Confed-
erate army from Saline county, with General Marmaduke, in the autumn
of 1864. He was at the battle of Independence, Missouri, and also
engaged in several minor battles during the war. He received his dis-
charge from the army at Shreveport, Louisiana, and returned to farming,
in Saline county, Missouri. He was, at one time, the owner of the
" Bruce farm, " one of the best in the county of Saline. Moved to Car-
roll county, in 1876, and remained one year there. Then he came to Ray

784 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

county, and has ever since lived here. Mr. Collier was married on the
14th day of May, 1871, to Miss Kate Miles, of Ray county. They
became the parents of four children, John U., William K., Lizzie and an
infant, which has not yet (April, 1881) been named. He owns a fine
farm, of rich land, well improved. His residence is a brick house, dis-
tinguished from the fact of its being the only one of that character in
Crooked River township. He is a practical, successful farmer, and an
intelligent and prominent citizen of his community.

EPHRAIM D. FERREE.

Is a blacksmith and wagon-maker, and was born on the 10th day of
April, 1S27, in Franklin county, Pennsylvania. He received the privileges
of the public schools of his native state, and in them acquired his educa-
tion. He served an apprenticeship of two years and a half in the shop of
his brother, in Franklin county, three miles west of Greencastle, Pa. At
the expiration of this time he immigrated to Missouri, arriving at Lexing-
ton, Lafayette count)-, on the 20th day of October, 1846. Here he went
to work at his trade and remained five years. He then came to Rich-
mond, Ray county, and continued the business of blacksmithing and
wagon-making. In the spring of 1857 he went to Daviess county, Mis-
souri, but the following year came back to Ray county and located at
what was then called " Shaw's Shop," now the enterprising town of Mor-
ton. Mr. Ferree was married in December, of the year 1850, to Miss
Mary A. Griffin, of Lafayette county, a native of the state of Kentucky.
The issue of this union is six children: William W., Margaret A.,
Charles W., John W., Frank Y., and George C, now living. Mr. Ferree
is a most excellent workman in his branch of business, and is the recipi-
ent of a large and lucrative custom. He is a good and substantial citi-
zen, and one that the people of Morton and vicinity would be very sorry
to lose from their midst.

JAMES JOHNSON.

The subject of this sketch was born two miles north of the town of
Richmond, in Ray county, Missouri, in the year 1833. He received his
education in the common schools, and after leaving school began work on
his father's farm. He purchased the farm upon which he now lives, in 1861.
This land was originally entered for twelve and a half cents per acre. It is
now worth at least forty dollars per acre. Mr. Johnson spent most of the
time during the civil war in the state of Illinois. He was married on the
3d day of March, 1861. to Miss Mollie Pugh, an excellent lady and a
good wife. He has travelled extensively through the south and west, and
visited almost every point of interest in these sections of the country.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 785

Mr. Johnson owns a farm of one hundred and ninety acres, which, in the
quality and value of the land is absolutely unsurpassed by any in the
county.

SAMUEL O. McGUIRE.

A native of Kentucky, was born in Anderson county, January 22, 1843,
and received his education there. He was employed as a clerk at Law-
renceburg, Kentucky, after leaving school for two years. He left Ken-
tucky in 1801, and came to Ray county, Missouri, and in the month of
June, the same year, he enlisted under Colonel Reeves in the Confederate
army. He was at the battles of Carthage, Wilson's Creek, Pea Ridge,
luka, Corinth, Champion Hills and Big Black River. At the last men-
tioned fight he was captured by the enemy and taken to Ft. Delaware
and thence to Point Lookout, Maryland. Here he was kept six months,
and then having been exchanged, he again entered the regular service.
He made the trip from Independence, Missouri, to the Red River of the
south, in 1804, with neither salt nor bread with his rations. Mr. McGuire
was paroled at Alexandria, Louisiana, in July, 1805. After the war he
went out on the plains of Nebraska and Dakota, and engaged at teaming
for four years. He was in a battle with the Indians in Dakota. Four hun-
dred of the savages surrounding the party's camp to which Mr. McGuire
belonged, setting fire to the long dry prairie grass, attacked the train and
killed four of his comrades, besides wounding and killing stock. Mr. Mc-
Guire fortunately escaped without a scratch, and returned to Missouri.
He stopped in Kansas City for about a year, and then going to Vernon
county, Missouri, was employed herding cattle for about eighteen months.
At the expiration of that time he returned to Ray county, Missouri, and
has made his home here ever since. Mr. McGuire was married Decem-
ber 22, 1870, to Miss Frances Wall, of Ray county, Missouri. They have
two children living: James B. and Claude O. Mr. McGuire has mingled
much with the world, and is an intelligent, practical minded man, a sub-
stantial farmer and an influential citizen.

JEREMIAH H. BRYAN.

Jeremiah H. Bryan is a native of Virginia. He was born in Green
county, on the 18th day of December, 18-10, and received his education in
the schools of Rockingham county, near Harrisburg. He followed farm-
ing for awhile, and also taught school for about three years in Virginia.
He then learned the carpentering trade, at which he still works at inter-
vals. He was a soldier in the army of Virginia, under General Stonewall
Jackson, and participated in the following named battles: Second Man-
assas, Gettysburg, Antietam, Chancellorsville, Port Republic, Cross Keys,

786 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

Seven Pines, Petersburg, Hatcher's Run, Richmond, and Appomattox,
besides many other minor engagements. Mr. Bryan was wounded at
the battle of Jourdan Ridge. He surrendered with the army oi Virginia
at Appomattox court house, April 9, 1865, having served bravely
and well in defense of the cause he believed to be just and right. Per-
haps no other man now living in this section of the country was in so
many of the principal and hard-fought battles of the war, and followed
so closely the fortunes of the side he had espoused. When the banner of
" stars and bars " he had followed to so many battle-fields, and learned to
love so well, was " furled forever," Mr. Bryan returned to the quiet walks
of peaceful life, and resumed the cultivation of his farm. He was mar-
ried in the month of April, 1867, to Miss Fannie Fridley, of Rockingham
county, Virginia. Three children were the issue of this marriage, but
one of whom, Birdie, is now living. Mr. Bryan owns a fine farm of one
hundred acres in Crooked River township, Ray county. He is a sub-
stantial and prosperous farmer, and enjoys the universal esteem and
respect of all who know him.

JOHN F. CUNNINGHAM.

The gentleman whose history follows is a native of Muskingum county,
Ohio, and was born on the 14th day of March, 1848. His parents immi-
grated to Missouri in 1854, stopping in Chariton county, where he made
his home until 1879. His educational advantages were unusually good,
being given a five years' course in the literary department of the Wes-
leyan University of Ohio. After leaving school he returned to Chariton
county, Missouri, and entered the drug business. He was also engaged
at the railroad business for about twelve years, being station agent and
telegraph operator at different points. He was operator in the office at
Hardin for about a year, and then established the drug and grocery trade,
in which he is now engaged. He entered the Union army from Chariton
county, in 1861, and was with General Grant at the battle of Shiloh,
where he was so severely wounded as to necessitate his discharge from
the service. This was in April, 1862. He came home, and, recovering
from the effects of his injury, joined the state militia, and participated in
several skirmishes. He was discharged with the 35th regiment of Mis-
souri volunteers, at Laclede, Missouri, and returning home again, resumed
the business that was broken oft' by his going to the war. Mr. Cunning-
ham was married, June 14, 1868, at Keytesville, Chariton county, Mis-
souri, to Miss Bettie L. Grubbs. Their union is blessed by four children:
Arthur W., Jennie E., John F., Jr., and an infant. Mr. Cunningham's
father, a native of New York, is yet living in Chariton county, Missouri.
He, too, is a druggist, as well as an extensive land owner there. In poli-
tics, our subject is a prominent republican, and raised the first republican

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 787

banner in the county after the war. He is a leading member of the I. O.
O. F., Lodge No. 134, Brunswick, and also of the Encampment. He is
highly respected by the good citizens of Hardin, among whom he lives,
and is well and favorably known throughout the county.

L. B. WRIGHT.

Few indeed, are those who accord to the man who spends his life in the
cause of common education, his due measure of credit and praise. L. B.
Wright was born in Owen county, Kentucky, December 5, 1838, about
twenty miles northeast of Frankfort. His parents came to Missouri, in
1849, and settled in Lafayette county. Here he finished the course
taught in the neighboring schools, and then entering Nelson's Commercial
College at Cincinnati, graduated in 1864. He returned home, and lived
with his parents until his 21st year. Since then he has been engaged in
teaching, and other branches of work connected with schools. He was
commissioner of public schools of Ray county for four years. He has
taught during almost every winter, for twenty-two years, engaging in

" That delightful task, to rear the tender thoughts,
To teach the young idea how to shoot,
And pour fresh instructions o'er the mind,"

from four to nine months in each year. He has taught in Lafayette, Carroll
and Ray counties, and also in Kentucky. Taught five years in the schools of
Morton. During the civil war he was attending commercial schools at
Cincinnati, Ohio, and was in consequence, engaged but a short time in the
Confederate service. After he left school there he was book-keeper for a
time in the establishment of Messrs. Smith & Shaw, wholesale grocers, of
Cincinnati. He left that city in April, 1866, and spent the following sum-
mer traveling, principally on the Missouri and Mississippi rivers. Mr.
Wright came from Lafayette county to Ray, in the fall of 1869, and has
had his home here since that time. He was married October 11, 1868, to
Miss Kittie Renick, of Lafayette county. They became the parents of
four promising children: James S., Kate R., John A. and Ora E. Mr.
Wright enlisted under General Sterling Price, in the Confederate army,
injury, 1862, and belonged to General Raines' division. He was taken
prisoner at the battle of Lexington, Missouri, and placed at the disposal
of General Lane, who banished him to Indiana, from whence, having
obtained a pass from the governor, he went to Cincinnati, Ohio, until after
the cessation of hostilities, when he returned home to Missouri. Mr.
Wright owns and conducts a good farm in conjunction with his teaching*
He has done a good work for the upbuilding of schools, and educational
advancement in this, the county of his adoption.

788 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

JOHN H. BOWMAN.

Was born in Rockingham county, Virginia, on the 8th day of April,
1845. His father left Virginia in 1857, coming directly to Ray county,
Missouri. He was principally educated in the schools of his native state.
He is now, and always has been, a farmer. In 1864, he enlisted in the
Union army, under General Smith, from Ray county, and engaged in the
battles of Franklin and Nashville, Tennessee, and Mobile, Alabama. He
was discharged from the service at St. Louis, Missouri, August 15, 1865.
Miss Fannie Vantrump, of Ray county, a native of Rockingham county,
Virginia, became the wife of Mr. Bowman, on the 3d dav of June, 1866.
She is the mother of three children: Joseph F., John D. and Ida Virginia.
Mr. Bowman owns a good farm of ninety acres, well improved, a fine
residence, good outbuildings and fences, and a young and thrifty orchard
of bearing trees. His farm is in a most excellent state of cultivation.
Mr. Bowman is a good man and a worthy citizen.

THOMAS H. KEYES.

The subject of this sketch was born in Ray county, Missouri, in the
year 1849, and educated in the schools of his native county. Since he
attained to manhood's estate, his occupation for the greater part of the
time has been farming and stock-raising. During two years he was
engaged in the nursery business. Mr. Keyes owns a farm of one hun-
dred and twenty acres of excellent land, well improved and cultivated,
with a neat, comfortable dwelling house, good barn and thrifty orchard.
He was married, in the month of November, 1870, to Miss Sarah C. King,
of this county. They have four children, named as follows, viz: Thomas
A., John C, Laertis B. and Allen T. Mr. Keyes is a leading member
of the Masonic Lodge at Hardin, and is a highly respected and valuable
citizen.

ISAIAH METTS.

Isaiah Metts was born in the year 1822, in Champaign county, Ohio.
He attended the district schools of his father's neighborhood, and after
leaving school engaged in farming in his native state, until 1868, when he
came to Missouri and settled in Ray county, where he has ever since
resided, occupied in the avocation of farming and stock-raising. Mr.
Metts owns a neat, comfortable homestead on Crooked river, and is doing
well in business. He was married in Ohio, in the month of August, 1847,
to Miss Elizabeth Boothe, a native of Virginia. Mr. and Mrs. Metts
have eight children, viz: Laurette, Sarah C, Samantha I., Jeanette,
Lemuel, Mary E., Ara and Martha H. Mr. Metts is an industrious man
of steady habits and good morals, and is much esteemed by his neighbors.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 7^!»

JOHN T. BANKSTON.

John T. Bankston was born in the state of Tennessee, January 26, 1835.
At the age of sixteen years he came to Missouri, and settled near the town
of Carthage, where he lived during seven years, engaged in farming. In
1859 he went to Jackson county, Missouri, and lived there on a farm until
1863, and then came to this county. The first year, after coming to Ray
county, he lived in the city of Richmond; the next three years on a farm
about two miles northeast of that place. At the expiration of that time he
purchased and removed to his present place, where he has since resided,
occupied ^in farming and stock-raising. Mr. Bankston was married in
Jasper county, Missouri, in 1854, to Miss Mary M. Peak. The issue of
this union has been eleven children: George N., Giles B., Sarah E., John S.,
Hettie A., Austin G., James P., Charles A., Mary E., William F., Emily
P. Mr. Bankston owns a good farm and is a prosperous, well-to-do
farmer, and a useful citizen.

H. J. SITTERMAN.

Henry J. Sitterman is a native of Franklin county, Missouri, and was
born on the 5th day of March, 1850. In 1865 he went to St. Louis, and
learned the trade of carriage making, which business he still follows to
some extent. He staid in the city of St. Louis until 1873, and then went
to Kansas City, Missouri, and thence to Johnson county, working all the
time at his trade. From Johnson county he came to this county, and
engaged in the Sharondale mills, at Richmond and Lexington Junction of
the Wabash railroad, and continued in the milling business until the year
1878, since which time he has been actively occupied in buying and ship-
ping grain. This business he has made very successful and profitable by
his sound judgment and good management. Mr. Sitterman was married
October 14, 1873, to Miss Minnie Voss, of Wyandotte, Kansas, a native
of Franklin county, Missouri. They have two children: Ida K. and John
H. Mr. Sitterman's parents are natives of Germany. They are both yet
living in Franklin county, Missouri. His father was born February 7,
1800, and is now the oldest settler living in Franklin county. Mr. Sitter-
man is a good business man and a valuable citizen.

W. A. WILLIAMS.

The subject of this sketch is a native of Ray county, Missouri. He
was born in the town of Camden, August 16, 1856. He received his
education here, and has resided all his life in this county. He was reared
on a farm, and spent the earlier part of his life in farming. In the year
1874 he entered the drug trade at the town of Hardin, and continued it
there until 1879, when he removed to R. &. L. Junction. He has been

790 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

conducting a drug store very successfully, in that place ever since. His
is the only business of its character at the junction, and he receives all the
patronage that comes to the town. Mr. Williams is an intelligent, active,
young gentleman, and the outlook for him is one of great promise.

R. H. GEORGE.

Reuben H. George was born in Iredell county, North Carolina, June
16, 1847. His parents were natives of North Carolina, and his father
represented Iredell county in the general assembly during two terms of
office, and was also a member of the state constitutional convention after
the war. The subject of this sketch was reared on a farm, and received
his education in his native county. In the year 1867, he engaged in mef*-
cantile business in the town of Wilkesborough, Wilkes county, North
Carolina, and remained in that place until 1869, when he immigrated to
Missouri, and settled in Ray county, where he has since resided. He
engaged at R. & L. Junction in merchandising, in company with Mr.
Chenault, during two years, and then his partner having withdrawn, he
continued the business for a number of years alone. Mr. Chenault attain
entered the business and they now conduct the store in partnership, and
do a line business. Mr. George was married in the month of July, 1872,
to Miss Lucy Campbell, of Ray county. They have three children;
William Everett, Joseph Clinton, Julia. Mr. George is a rising young
merchant, a good business man, and a popular gentleman.

ALEXANDER STARR.

Was born December 15, 1823, in Highland county, Ohio, and received
his education there. He early began the work of a farmer, and has
always followed that calling. - He removed from Ohio to Illinois, and
lived there for about sixteen years. He came from Illinois to Missouri in
1865, and settled in Ray county, where he has always since lived. He
was married in the year 1842, to Miss Isabella A. Campbell, a native of
the state of Pennsylvania. They became the parents of six children, now
living: James C, John A., Marilla J., Rebecca A., Mattie, and Anna
Belle. Mr. Starr took no active part in the civil war, preferring to remain
quietly at home in the discharge of his domestic duties. His oldest sonr.
James C, was in the Union army for about eighteen months. Mr. Starr
owns a comfortable home of seventy acres, well improved and stocked
with good breeds of the different varieties of live stock. He is a good
citizen, and a highly respected man.

HISTORV OF RAY COUNT V. T'.'l

JOHN A. STARR.

Is a native of Illinois. He was born in Knox county, that state, on the
8th day of December, 1857. His father, Alexander Starr, removed to
Ray county before he was ten years old, and in the excellent public
schools of this county he received his education. Mr. Starr is now (April,
1881), engaged at work on his father's farm. He is a very intelligent and
promising young man.

F. J. WALKER.

F. J. Walker was born in Woodford county, Kentuckv, on the 25th
day of September, 1843. His father removed to Missouri, when he was
but twelve years old, stopping for a time in Clay county, but afterwards
settling permanently in Ray county. Here he received his education,
and has since made his home. He enlisted in the Confederate armv at
Lexington, Missouri, December 10, 1861, and was with General Price for
nearly two vears, then crossing the Mississippi he was engaged, under
General Van Dorn and others, in the battles of the eastern campaign.
Mr. Walker participated in the battles of Elkhorn, Corinth, Iuka,
Baker's Creek and Grand Gulf Mississippi, at Farmington and many
other points. He was engaged for three months in the closely contested
campaign of Georgia. Received a severe wound at Corinth, Mississippi,
in 1862. He was discharged, when the war was over, at Meridian,
Mississippi, May 4, 1865, and returned home to Ray count)-, Missouri,
where he has ever since made his home and occupied his time in farming
and stock raising. Mr. F. J. Walker was married on the 9th dav of
February, 1870, to Miss Martha J. Hudson, of Ray county. Their chil-
dren are three: Albert Curry, Emma Lelia and Alice. This gentleman
is the owner of one hundred and eighty acres of good land, has a com-
fortable home, is a very successful and prosperous farmer, and a pro-
gressive, spirited and highly respected citizen.

JOHN R. GOSNEY.

Is a Kentuckian, born ~in the year 1841, in Kenton count}-. He
received a common school education in the neighborhood of his birth.
Soon after leaving school he entered the Confederate army for the great
civil war, enlisting in September, 1862, under General Buckner. This
division of the Confederate forces was ordered east to West Virginia,
and was chiefly occupied with operations in that state. Mr. Gosney was
engaged in the battles of Chicamauga, Blountsville, Jonesville, and a great
many minor engagements, sometimes skirmishing for many days. He
was a member of company C, Third Kentucky cavalry, and was
paroled at Mt. Sterling, Kentucky, in the month of April, 1S65. Imme-

792 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

diately he returned to Kenton county and began to farm, in which occu-
pation he continued there for about four years. In the fall of 1869, he
immigrated to Lafayette county, Missouri, and soon after to Ray, loca-
ting about one mile from the town of Hardin, where he lived for ten
years. He then moved into Hardin and yet lives there. In the year
1865, Mr. Gosney was married to Miss Arabella Daugherty, a native of
Kenton county, Kentucky. The progeny of this union is three children,
living: Olive May, Franklin R. and Charles. Mr. Gosney is the happy
possessor of a fine, fertile farm of two hundred and forty acres, well
improved and stocked, and is one of the best and most substantial men of
his community.

GEORGE W. LAVELOCK.

Was born in Ray county, Missouri, on the 15th day of January, 1860.
He attended the common schools of his native county until he completed
the course usually taught in them, and then entered the State University
at Columbia, Missouri. He is now a member of the class of 1882, in the
law department of that excellent institution. When he has finished his
legal studies he will enter the office of his brother, F. M. Lavelock, Esq.,
who is a prominent attorney of Richmond. Mr. Lavelock is an intelligent
industrious student, and his future is bright and promising. No doubt he
will rise to a position of distinction in his chosen profession, and be a credit
and honor to his family and to his county in the years to come.

WILLIAM W. FERREE.

Was born in Lafayette county, Missouri, November 18, 1851. His
parents came to Richmond, Ray county, when he was yet a small child.
They lived at Richmond for about five years, and then moved to Daviess
county, Missouri, where they remained for two years. They then came
again to Ray county and located in the town of Morton, then known as
Shaw's Shop, where Mr. Ferree was educated. After leaving school he
learned the trade of blacksmithing, and has always worked at that busi-
ness since. Mr. Ferree was married on the 3d day of February, 1876, to
Miss Louise J. Weeks, a resident of Caldwell county, Missouri, and a
native of Virginia. The offspring of this marriage is two children: Fred
W., and Urah Pearl. Mr. Ferree is an excellent mechanic, and enjoys the
proceeds of a large and constantly increasing patronage. He also con-
ducts a wagon manufactory in connection with his blacksmith shop. He
is a good citizen, and an indispensable adjunct to the town of Morton.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 793

OLIVER S. CUNNINGHAM.

This gentleman is one of Missouri's sons, born in Clay county, on the
30th day of October, 1845. He finished his education at the schools of
Richmond, Ray county, Missouri, and after leaving there, taught school
for three years. In the year 1866 he began the work of a farmer, and has
ever since devoted his time to that branch of industry. He was married
in December, 1865, to Miss Martha L. Martin, of Ray count v. The
issue of this marriage is one child, living: William Edward. In 1881
Mr. Cunningham purchased the farm upon which he has established a
comfortable home, and is prospering finely. He is a rising farmer, and a
valuable accession to the reliable, industrious and substantial men of the
neighborhood.

AUSTIN THOMPSON.

Was born in Fleming county, Kentucky, in the month of November,
1836, and received his education there in the common schools. After
growing up he was, for some time, a trader in live stock. Leaving his
native state, he spent about six months in Richmond, Virginia. He came
to Missouri in November, 1856, landing at Lexington, Lafavette county.
He engaged with Thomas A. Brown, of Ray county, as an overseer of
negroes and general farm manager for two years, after which he pur-
chased the place upon which he has since been engaged in farming. Mr.
Thompson was in the Missouri state guard, under command of General
Sterling Price, for six months, at the beginning of the rebellion. During
this time he participated in the battles of Carthage, Wilson's Creek and
Dry Wood. He was discharged at Osceola, Missouri, in the fall of 1861,
having served the time for which he enlisted. Austin Thompson was
married on the 2d day of November, 1861, to Miss Adelia T. Hudson, of
Ray county. The issue of this union is three children: Leonora, Wil-
liam K. and Lula M. Mr. Thompson traveled extensively through the
west, in the years 1864 and 1865. He was, during this time, "boss " of
several large wagon trains. He now owns a farm of 200 acres of rich,
productive soil in Crooked River township, in this county, and is in a
very prosperous condition. He is well esteemed and respected among his
fellow men.

NATHAN A. LENTZ.

Is a farmer and stock-raiser. He was born in May, L836, in Bedford
county, Tennessee, and was educated in the common schools, and trained
to the farmer's vocation. His parents removed from Tennessee to Ray
county, Missouri, in the year 1850, and settled the homestead now owned
and occupied by our subject. Mr. Lentz continued his farming until the
50

7(Jl HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

summer of 1861, when he entered the Confederate army under Colonel
Slack, who was commanding at that time a regiment of state troops. Mr.
L. was at the battles of Carthage, Springfield, and Lexington, and then,
the six months for which he had enlisted having expired, he was dis-
charged at Osceola, Missouri. Going south to Fort Smith, he volunteered
for the war, entering General Parsons' division of the regular Confederate
army. This was in June, 1862. He was engaged at the siege of Little
Rock, Arkansas, in the autumn of 1863; at Mansfield, Pleasant Hill, and
at Jenkins' Ferry. At the latter battle he suffered an accident which dis-
abled and rendered him unfit for active service with the army. He was,
in consequence, given work in the blacksmithing department of the mili-
tary laboratory near Marshall, Texas. Recovering his wonted strength,
he returned to the army. The division to which Mr. Lentz belonged
gave up their arms to the Union commander at Shreveport, Louisiana,
and were ordered to report at Alexandria, Louisiana, where the con-
ditions of their surrender were entered into June, 1865. He took the
oath of allegiance to the Union at St. Louis, Missouri, and returned home
to Ray county. Mr. Lentz was married on the 16th da}- of January,
1860, to Miss Mildred Cox, daughter of Mr. L. Cox, of Ray county.
They have four children living: May, Minnie, Ella, and Neva. Since
returning from the war, Mr. Lentz has devoted himself to his farming,
and is now the owner of a farm of one hundred and eight acres, with a
nice residence, good fences, and other valuable improvements. He is one
of the most substantial farmers and oldest citizens of his community.

MARSHALL M. SPURLOCK,

A prominent farmer of Ray count}-, was born in Cabell county, Vir-
ginia (now West Virginia), in the year, 18*26. He was educated in the
common schools of his father's neighborhood, and s'pent his vacations
working on the farm. In 1833 both his father and mother died, with
cholera, which was, at that time, sweeping through the country, carrying
death and desolation to many a happy home. Six years afterward he left
Virginia, with his brother-in-law's family, and came to Ray county, Mis-
souri, where he has, all the time since, been engaged in farming, with the
exception of a few years given to merchandising, in the town of Morton.
Mr. Spurlock was first married, in 1845, to Miss Eliza Bates, then liv-
ing in Ray county, Missouri, but who had been reared and educated in
the state of Kentucky. They became the parents o{ four children: John
W., James H., Onysky, and Urmanella, all of whom are still living except
John W., who died on the 17th day of April, 1881. He had been circuit
clerk of Ray county for the space of six years, and his memory is held in
universal respect and honor by all who knew him. Mrs. Eliza Spurlock
died, deeply lamented by a large circle of relatives and friends, and Mr. S.

HISTORY OF R.AV COUNTY. . 95

was again married, in 1856. The lady becoming his bride this time, was
Miss Margaret Morris, a native of Ray county. By her he became the
father of five children. Their names are: Kate, Mattie, Virginia, Lucy,
and Benjamin. Mr. Spurlock owns a good farm of two hundred acres of
very productive land, with a fine residence and other substantial improve-
ments. He also deals quite extensively in live stock. He is one of Ray's
most enterprising men and best citizens.

JAMES F. BATES.

Was born in Ray county, Missouri, in the year 1851. He attended the
public schools of his native count)-, and in them received his education.
His father owned a large farm, the same upon which Mr. Bates now lives,
and after leaving school he commenced work on his father's farm, in
which business he has ever since continued. He was married in 1876, to
Miss Ella Morrison, a native of Ray county, and a most excellent young
lady. The issue of this marriage is two children: Edward T. and Emily
V. Mr. Bates owns one of the very best farms in the county of Ray,
comprising four hundred acres of most excellent land, highly improved,
having a handsome, commodious dwelling house, a good roomy barn, a
fine orchard, and all in a fine state of cultivation, under good and substan-
tial fencing. He is also extensively engaged in breeding and raising fine
stock, and yearly feeds and ships large numbers of cattle and hogs to the
eastern markets. Mr. Bates is highly esteemed in the community in
which he lives, for his many excellent qualities as a neighbor and a citi-
zen. He has done a good work tor the improvement and advancement
of the agricultural interests of the county.

JAMES T. YATES.

The subject of this article is a Kentuckian, having been born at Shelby-
ville, in that state, on the 15th day of November, 1851. His parents
removed from Shelby county to Scott county, when he was quite voung.
He attended school for a time at Stamping Ground, in his native state.
Then his parents immigrated to Ray county, Missouri, and located upon
the same farm where Mr. Yates now resides. He has been a farmer all
his life, and is now the owner of a fine and very valuable farm upon which
he is at present making great improvements, which will add much to the
beaut)' and comfort of his home, as well as very greatly enhancing its
value. James T. Yates was married on the 8th day of February, 187*5,
to Miss Janie Richardson, a native of Hart county, Kentucky. This
union is blessed with two promising children: William F. and Marv E.
Mr. Yates is a brother of Doctor Yates, of this county, and is rapidly
advancing to the front ranks among the substantial farmers and promi-
nent citizens of his adopted county.

796 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

JOHN C. PORTER.

John C. Porter is a native of Lexington, Lafayette county, Missouri,
where he was born on the 12th dav of December, 1854. He had the
advantages of the excellent public schools of his native state for the
acquirement of an education. He entered upon the work of farming,
and, after some time spent in pursuit of this calling, he went west with the
tide of emigration in 1874, and was engaged for about two years in the
cattle business in Colorado. He afterward returned to Missouri, to the
county of his birth, and, becoming the possessor of a fine farm, again
went to farming, in Clay township, near Wellington. He removed to Ray
county in 1880, and has since made his home and been engaged in farm-
ing here. Mr. Porter was married on the 23d day of September, 1880,
to Miss Mary D. Mallory. He is a rising, prosperous young farmer, an
industrious and honorable man, well thought of and popular among his
friends, of whom he has scores.

ROSS P. BELL.

The gentleman whose name heads this article is a native of the Old
Dominion state. He was born at Harper's Ferry, Jefferson county, Vir-
ginia, in the year 1852. His parents removed with him to Ray county,
Missouri, in 1860, and here he acquired his education in the public schools.
After attaining his majority he was occupied for a considerable time in
farming. Then he went to Texas, and, during the years 1872-'73 and '74,
was engaged in the cattle trade in that state. Returning to Rav county,
he again devoted his time and attention to farming for the space of about
two years. Subsequently he went into the mercantile business in the
town of Hardin, where he is yet engaged in a prosperous and lucrative
trade. Mr. Bell was married to Miss Ella Johnson, a native of Ray
county, on the 24th day of February, 1879. They have two children,
Frank and Susan, who are twins. He is a rising, public-spirited, and pop-
ular young man.

JOHN H. GROVE.

John H. Grove is a farmer and stock-raiser. He was born in Highland
county, Ohio, in the year 1839. He received the advantages of a com-
mon school education in his youth, at home, and was reared in the man
ner usual with the sons of farmers in those days; and followed in after-
life, of choice, the avocation to which he had been reared. He owned a
fine, well-stocked farm in Ohio, and was also engaged for a number of
years as a stock-dealer. Mr. Grove was married in the year 1859, to
Miss Lydia R. Cowman, also a native of Ohio. They became the happy
parents of six children: Laura V., Eva M., Charles Grant, Maggie,

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 797

Mattie, and John, who are at present living. He removed to Ray county,
Missouri, in 1871, purchased land, improved and beautified his home, and
has lived here ever since in the enjoyment of the fruits of his industry,
surrounded by a happy familv and many warm friends. Mr. Grove has
been justice of the peace for several years, and yet holds that office in his
township. He is one of Ray's best and most substantial farmers.

GEORGE H. BUSH.

A native of the state of Kentucky. Was born in the month of Sep-
tember, 18-17, in Hart county. He attended the schools of his father's
neighborhood, and in them received his education. After he was grown
he devoted his time to farming in his native state until about the year
1864. In the month of October of that year he emigrated from Kentucky
to Missouri, and established his home in Ray county, since which time he
has been engaged in his favorite avocation of farming. Miss Amy D.
Lentz, of Ray county, became the wife of Mr. Bush on the 27th day of
September, 1866. The result of this union is nine children, still living.
Their names are as follows: Mary L., James H., George E., Elmer N.,
Myrtie A., Charles T., Philip W., Houston A., and Monroe P. Mr.
Bush received the substantial evidence of his popularity among the peo-
ple of his township by receiving their almost unanimous support for the
office of constable, which position he now holds. Mr. Bush has a good,
comfortable, and handsome home, a tine productive farm, and is highly
regarded by his friends and neighbors.

GEORGE B. HINMAN.

George B. Hinman is a native of the state of Illinois, born in Pike
county, in the year 1839. His early education was received in the district
schools, and in the schools of Quincy, and finished by a commercial
course in one of the best business colleges of Chicago. After leaving
school he was occupied for some time in buying and shipping stock from
Pike county, Illinois, to St. Louis. Subsequently he came to Ray county
and bought the farm where he now lives, and where he has been engaged
since, in tilling the soil, and in feeding and shipping live stock to market.
Mr. Hinman was married on the 9th day of April, 1863, to Miss Arabella
Lindsay, of Elizabethtown, Hardin county, Kentucky. The issue of this
marriage was seven children: Arthur B., Anna M., George W., Fred L.,
Lena B., Ella M. and Mary F., now living. Mr. Hinman owns one of
the largest, best, and most desirable farms in Ray county. It is well sit-
uated, high, rolling and fertile, in a healthful section of the country, with
a fine large residence, and other necessary improvements upon it. He is
a good neighbor, an honorable man, and a good citizen.

'US HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

THOMAS M. DEACY.

The subject of this sketch is a public school teacher, and a native of
Ray county, Missouri. He was born on the 3d day of March, 1851.
The foundation of his education was laid in the common schools of this
county, where he early evinced a fondness for books, and established a
reputation for studious habits. After leaving school he entered the pro-
fession of teaching and continued his studies unaided by teacher, during
the evenings and such leisure times as he could find to devote to them.
He has ever since, engaged almost constantly, at his chosen profession in
his native county. The fact that he has taught school almost interrupt-
edly, in one district for eight years, and is now engaged for the succeed-
ing year, is a strong proof of his popularity and efficiency as a teacher.
He was, in 1877, elected to the honorable and responsible office of com-
missioner of public schools for Ray county, and discharged the duties so
well and so acceptably that he was re-elected in 1879, and again, by a
handsome majority, in 1881. Mr. Deacy was married December 23,
1875, to Miss E. .Hawkins, a native of Ray county, and a lady in
every way worthy of her excellent husband. They are the parents of
one child, named James M. Mr. Deacy is a rising, justly popular, and
highly esteemed young man, with a bright future ahead of him.

WM. H. FLOURNOY.

Was born on the 23d day of December, 1824, in Washington county,
Kentuckv. He received his education at Springfield Seminary, and spent
his youth and early manhood in his native state. In the spring 1843 he
immigrated to Missouri, settled in Ray county, and engaged in the pursuit
of farming- About two vears and a half afterwards he returned to Ken-
tucky and remained there for some time. Again in 1846, he left Kentucky
and came back to Ray county, Missouri. In the summer of the same
year, he volunteered under Colonel Price, in the American army for the
war against Mexico. After arriving in Mexico, General Price ordered a
detail of one hundred men as escort to conduct him to conference with
General Wool, supposed to be at that time quartered at Chihuahua.
Ten of these men were from the company to which Mr. Flournoy
belonged, and he himself was one of them. This little band met with
General Doniphan, then their commander-in-chief, one hundred and fifty
miles south of Santa Fe, who ordered them to halt and wrait for him to
finish preparations to join them. Proceeding on with Doniphan they
fought two battles, one at Brazito, near El Paso, and the other at Sacra-
mento, near Chihuahua. When they reached the last named place, they
found that General Wool had not arrived there, and sent to General Tay-
lor at Monterey, for further orders, which when received, were found to

HISTORY OP' RAY COUNTY. 799

the effect that they should report as soon as possible to him at that place.
From there Mr. F.'s company was sent to New Orleans, Louisiana, and
discharged. Chartering Captain Chamber's boat, they came up the Mis-
sissippi to St. Louis, and thence Mr. Flournoy returned to Ray countv by
river. The company to which he belonged captured nine peices of artil-
lery at the battle of Chihuahua, which were afterwards distributed to dif-
ferent points on the Missouri river. One of them, a nine pound gun, was
bored out and made a twelve pounder for use in the civil war. It was
called the Sacramento, from the name of the place where it was captured.
One of the ingredients in its composition was $8,000 worth of silver. It
was cast in Spain more than 300 years ago. To prevent the enemy from
capturing it at the battle of Corinth, the Confederates, then its owners,
dismounted and sunk it in the river, and it has never been recovered. Mr.
Flournoy was married in the year 1849, to Miss Malinda Clark, a niece of
the late General John B. Clark; two children, the result of this union, are
yet living: Matthias and Hugh C. After the Mexican war Mr. Flournoy
was engaged in farming until the breaking out of the rebellion in 1861,
when he volunteered under the "stars and bars," entering General Price's
army to battle for the cause of the south. His health failing, he was not
kept regularly on duty, but engaged in some battles, and remained in the
service to the end of the war, being discharged at St. Louis, Missouri, in
1865. Returning home to Ray county, he found his house had been
burned, and his fine farm of three hundred and sixty acres, confiscated.
He then went west and spent one year upon the plains of Nebraska, after
which he came back to Ray county, and has been farming here ever since.
He was married the second time, in 1868, to Mrs. Louisa Hawkins, of Ray
county. They have one child: Nannie F. Mr. Flournoy now owns a
fine farm, and is in a highly prosperous condition.

HENRY BOGGESS.

A native of Kentucky, was born twelve miles southwest of Frankfort,
Anderson county, on the 23d day of February, 1805. His advantages for
early education were limited to the common schools, but being possessed
of a strong intellect, a practical turn of mind, and gifted with the faculty
of imbibing knowledge from passing events, from mingling with men and
intercourse with the world, Mr. Boggess has become more thoroughly
educated than would have been possible, perhaps, by the superficial
course usually taught in our high schools and colleges. He followed the
business of farming, to which he was reared, and in the year 1833, came
to Ray county, Missouri, where, purchasing a farm, he settled, and has
continued ever since to live, except one year he spent in the state of Illi-
nois. Mr. Boggess was married before leaving Kentucky, in the year
1830, to Miss Lucinda Wall, also a native of Anderson county, that slate.

800 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

Five children came to biess this union, Wade, Thomas A., William \\,
Nancy and Sallie. Mr. B. lived for twenty-one years in the river bottom,
seven miles below Lexington, occupying the farm now owned by Mr. G.
Frazier. He owned eight hundred and seventy acres of land, in township
54, range 27, upon which the great oil well was situated. Mr. Boggess
is one of the oldest and best farmers in his section of the county, and
owns one of the best and most highly improved farms in the county.
Although now advanced in years, he is still strong and active, and his
memory remarkably good. He yet retains a vivid recollection of many
incidents of interest connected with the war of 1812. In politics Mr.
Boggess is a staunch and life long democrat. He voted for General
Jackson both times he was a candidate, and was elected to the presidency
of the United States. He is highly esteemed, and regarded for his
* excellent qualities of head and heart, " by all who know him.

LOUIS C. BOHANNON.

Louis C. Bohannon was born October 24, 1812, in Green count)-, Ken-
tucky, but his father removing to Woodford county when he was quite
young, the greater part of his early life was spent in the latter county.
He received his education chiefly at Pisgah, which was the oldest high
school in the state of Kentuckv, afterwards called Transvlvania Univer-
ty, and now located at Lexington. He afterwards began a course of
study with the view of entering the legal profession, but, becoming dis-
gusted with some forms of malpractice that came under his observation,
he renounced all connection with the practice of law, and determined to
become a farmer. He at once threw away his law books, and turned his
attention to farming, and salt making. This business he followed for a
number of years, and was also, during this time, justice of the peace.
He was afterwards appointed, by the governor, brigadier general of the
18th brigade of Kentucky militia; raised a regiment for the Mexican war,
and, reporting with them for duty, was informed that the requisition had
been tilled bv the call for twelve months men. The governor bade him
hold his regiment in order, and at the next call he should have preference.
The next proclamation was issued for volunteers for three years, and as Mr.
Bohannon's regiment had only enlisted for twelve months he could not, of
course, force them into three years service, so he did not go to the war at
all. Colonel Bohannon was married in 1833, to Miss Cynthia Haddix, of
Kentucky. From this union seven children were born, five of whom,
Sarah A., Mary D., Nancy D., Simeon and Susan, are now living. In the
year 1847 he removed to Missouri, stopping for a short time in Pettis
county, but in the latter part of the same year settling in Ray county, upon
the farm where he now resides. He has been three times elected to rep-
resent Kay county in the state legislature. In the political canvass of his

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 801

adopted county, he has been very successful, once beating the distin-
guished Governor King for representative. He served through six ses-
sions of the legislature, one adjourned and two called sessions in addition
to the regular work of the legislature. When the troubles of 1861 came,
he joined his fortunes with the cause of the south, entering the Confeder-
ate service in the Missouri state guard, with the rank of captain. He
was soon promoted to lieutenant-colonel, and when the time for which he
first enlisted, six months, had expired, he entered the regular service as
colonel, and remained to the close of the war. He was engaged in many
battles, the hardest fought being those at Independence and Lone Jack.
Subsequently he was sent from Arkansas as one of a party of six recruit-
ing officers, to Missouri, four of whom, Colonel J. T. Hughes, Major
Hart, Colonel Boyd and Captain Clark, were killed; and one, Colonel
Thompson, wounded; Colonel Bohannon himself being the only one of
the party to escape unhurt. Finally he was wrounded in an engagement
in Arkansas, and was, in consequence, discharged at Little Rock, from
the service. He went from there to Texas until after the surrender and
restoration of the country to peace, when he came back home to Ray
county, and has ever since occupied and tilled his farm here. Colonel
Bohannon owns about 440 acres of excellent land, a finely improved home,
and is one of the oldest and most highly influential and respected citizens
of Ray county, and has done much to assist in her upbuilding and
advancement.

CHARLES W. BROWN.

Was born in Carroll county, Missouri, on the 9th day of January, 1831.
He received his education in the district schools of his native state, and
early began the occupation of farming with his father, then a prominent
farmer of Carroll county. This vocation he followed for some years.
He removed to Breckenridge, Caldwell county, Missouri, in 1875, and
engaged in merchandising with Messrs. McWilliams & Russell. Three
years later he left Caldwell county, going to Kansas City, and entered the
wholesale hat and cap business, with McWilliams, Crook & Co. He
afterwards bought Defevers & Sons' dry goods store in the town of
Morton, four miles north of the line of the Wabash, St. Louis and
Pacific Railroad, and has ever since conducted that branch of business
there. Mr. Brown was married on the 24th of February, 1881, to Miss
Rosie E. Keyes, of Ray county, Missouri. Mr. Brown is doing a large
and lucrative business at Morton, and is highly respected for the fair,
honorable and impartial treatment he gives to all alike, and for his many
good qualities as a man.

802 HISTORY OF RAY COUNT V

ROBERT V. WALL.

The subject of this sketch is a native Missourian. He was born July
1, 1849, in Ray county. His father owned a large farm four miles north of
Morton, where the son was raised with the advantages of the schools of
the neighborhood for getting an education. Here he worked on the
farm for a number of years. In the month of June, 1874, he came to
Morton and entered the drug business, in which he is at present engaged.
Mr. Wall owns the only drug store in the town of Morton, and is doing
a flourishing business. He was married in September of the year of
1876, to Miss Ella B. Yates, daughter of Dr. Yates. This union has
been blessed by the birth of one child, Donald Leslie by name. Mr.
Wall holds the position of postmaster at Morton, the duties of which
office he has discharged very efficiently and satisfactorily for the last
seven years. He has always been a resident of Ray county, and by his
industry and close attention to business, has built up a good and lucrative
trade. He is one of the prominent and influential citizens of his section
of the count}-.

WM. F. YATES.

To the honest, efficient, able, and thoroughly qualified man, of what-
ever profession, the respect and gratitude of the people of the commu-
nity in which he moves, is due. This is particularly true of the physician,
and of none more so than of Wm. F. Yates, who is a native of the state
of Kentucky, and was born on the 5th day of March, 1833. He received
an academic education at Shelbyville, in his native state, and then began
the study of medicine with Dr. George S. Burbridge, of Scott county,
Kentucky, for his preceptor. Entering the Louisville College of Medicine,
he finished the course, graduating with honor in 1854, when not yet quite
twenty-one years of age. After leaving college he practiced his profes-
sion some two or three years in Kentucky, then came to Missouri and
established himself where he now resides, in Ray county. Dr. Yates was
married the first time, on the 13th day of December, 1856, to Miss Susan
J. Nelson, a native of Kentucky. Of this union were born three chil-
dren: Ella B., Maggie B., and Flora C, who are still living. Mrs.
Yates died, greatly lamented by her numerous friends, and the doctor was
subsequently married, November 1, 1876, to Mrs. Mary R. Mayfield,
a very estimable, intelligent, and accomplished lady of St. Joseph, Mis-
souri. Dr. Yates owns a fine farm near Morton, and upon it has erected a
large, commodious and beautiful residence. His farm is in a high state of
cultivation, finely improved, well stocked with horses, cattle, hogs, and
sheep, of the best breeds, and equipped with all necessary machinery of
approved and modern kind. He devotes his attention chiefly to the prac-

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 803

tice of his profession, in which he is so successful and popular that his
constant efforts can hardly meet the demand for his services. The doc-
tor is just in the prime of life now, and his active outdoor exercise and
horseback riding, in going about among his patients, joined with a natu-
rally strong and robust constitution, will, no doubt, prolong his life even
past the three score and ten years allotted to man to live, and give the
benefits and blessings of his professional skill and experience to the sick
of his commnnity. Dr. Yates is one of the very best physicians in Ray
county, and well and favorably known far and wide. As a man and a
citizen his character is irreproachable.

RILEY V. SEWARD.

The subject of this sketch is a native of Indiana, having been born in
Mt. Vernon, Posey county, in the year 1850. His parents immigrated to
Missouri when he was but three years old. After growing up he was
engaged in farming until 1873, when he entered the State Normal School
at Kirksville, in which excellent institution he spent two consecutive years.
At the end of that time he was, like many another worthy young man
has been, compelled to leave and teach school to secure the money neces-
sary to finish his education. He taught for a year, and then return-
ing to Kirksville, graduated in 1877, with honor. Afterwards he went
to California, and was for two years principal of the graded school
in Trinity countv, that state. Returning to Missouri, he settled at Har-
din, in Ray county, and opened a drug store. Here, by strict attention to
business, polite, gentlemanly bearing, and fair and honorable dealing withal,
his business has rapidly grown in extent, and he, to-day, though yet a
young man, is one of the leading business men of the county, and highly
esteemed for his many excellent qualities as a citizen and a man. Mr.
Seward may properly be termed a self-made man, and with the enviable
position he has already won for himself, his future can be but pregnant
with abundant success.

JAMES H. LENTZ.

A native of Ray county, Missouri. Was born October 21, 1850. He
was reared on a farm, and, until he attained his majority, was engaged in
the performance of the duties common to the sons of farmers. He was
educated at Carrollton, and, after leaving school, taught for four years in
the common schools of Ray county, receiving a salary of fifty dollars per
month. After serving an apprenticeship with Rogers & Co., apothe-
caries, of Carrollton, he became a retailer of dry goods for two years.
He then entered the drug business at Hardin, Ray countv, where he still
conducts a drug store. Mr. Lentz was united in marriage to Miss Katie

804 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

E. Sinclair, of Ray county, February 18, 1877. Two children, Myrtle
and Hale, have been sent to bless their lives, both of whom still live. Mr.
L,entz is rapidly winning a position in the front ranks of the staunch busi-
ness men and respected citizens of his native county.

JOHN S. KING.

John S. King was born in Ray countv, Missouri, September 5, 1852.
His early life was spent on a farm, and his education acquired in the dis-
trict schools of his father's neighborhood. He followed farming for some
time, and then turned his attention to buying and selling grain. Later he
entered the dry goods and general merchandise trade at Hardin, in which
he is now engaged. Mr. King was married in the year 1876, to Miss
Theodosia Happy. One child, named Ford, is the result of this union.
The subject of this article is one of the first business men of the town of
Hardin, and is held in high esteem for his many good qualities by those
who know him. He is comparatively a young man, and his past achieve-
ments show that he will fight well and truly the battle of life, which opens
before him.

ROBERT A. KING.

This gentleman is a native of Missouri, born in Ray county, July 22,
1854, where he has ever since resided. Mr. King early displayed a taste
for books, and rapidly progressed with his studies when at school. After
finishing the course as usually taught in the common schools of the
county, he continued his studies without the aid of a teacher, and in this
way acquired a good, practical education. He has taught school at Mor-
ton, Hardin, and various other places in the county. Mr. King is now
connected with his brother in running a grocery store at Hardin, under
the firm name of King Bros. Mr. King, being engaged in the high and
honorable vocation of teaching, is one of Ray's most worthy sons, and in
future years will, no doubt, win for himself, by his energy and industry, a
high position among her citizens.

JAMES B. PROCTOR.

In the year 1843, this gentleman was born, in Hendricks county,
Indiana. He was educated at the Northwestern Christian University at
Indianapolis. When the great civil war commenced, in 1861, Mr. Proc-
tor enlisted under the "stars and stripes" to do battle for the Union. He
was assigned to duty in Colonel A. D. Streight's regiment, which was
engaged at Murfreesboro and Chattanooga, Tennessee, as well as in
several other battles. He was finallv taken prisoner at Rome, Georgia,
by Generals Forrest and Roudv, the 3d of Mav, 1863. From there he

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 805

was taken to Atlanta, Georgia, thence to Belle Island, and from there to
Annapolis, Maryland, where he was exchanged. He then embarked for
Baltimore, and from that point he went to Columbus, Ohio, whence he
soon returned home to Indiana. From there he was ordered south, first
to Nashville, Tennessee, then to New Orleans, and from there to the
state of Texas. After the return of his regiment from the south, he was
discharged at Indianapolis, Indiana. Mr. Proctor was married on the
19th of May, J 868, to Miss Jennie Voorhees, a cousin of the distinguished
United States Senator Voorhees, of Indiana. Our subject, soon after his
marriage, immigrated with his young bride, to Missouri, settling in Ray
county, where he has ever since resided. For a number of years he
farmed, then entered the drug business, in which he is at present engaged.
He is also postmaster at Hardin, the village where he lives. Mr. Proctor
is a prominent citizen, ripe in experience and in years, and highly esteemed
and honored by all.

WILLIAM J. ROACH.

Is a native of England, having been born in London, in the year 1841.
He left home at the early age of nine years, immigrating to the new
world, and settling in Canada. Here he lived to his eighteenth year.
Then, crossing into the United States, he remained for a time in Michi-
gan. Leaving there, he came to Ray county, Missouri, 1870, where he
has since made his home. His occupation is that of a shoemaker, and at
his present location, Hardin, he finds his trade sufficiently lucrative to
support his family in comfortable style. Mr. Roach was educated in the
schools of London, England. He is a prominent member of the Masonic
fraternity, being at present secretary of his lodge. He was married in
1870, to Miss Margaret Wilson. They have four children: Elizabeth
A., Margaret M., William C, and James A., all of whom still live. Mr.
Roach is a very industrious man, a good citizen, and a credit to the town
in which he lives.

JOHN W. HALL,

Is a Virginian. He was born in Rockingham county, October 21,
1832. His education was" limited to the advantages to be derived from
the common schools of his native state. His father owned an extensive
farm in the Blue Ridge mountains, and the son was early trained to that
vocation. Our subject immigrated to Ray county, Missouri, in the year
1857. He was married, in the autumn of 1859, to Miss Mary C. Ware.
Their union has resulted in the birth of nine children. In 1879 Mrs. Hall
died, leaving this large family to mourn the loss of a kind and loving
mother. Mr. Hall has followed his favorite occupation, that of farming,

806 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

ever since he has been in Ray county. He owns a good farm and com-
fortable home, about a mile and a half west of the town of Hardin. He
is one of the best and most substantial farmers of the county.

B. B. BABCOCK.

An enterprising and progressive man is respected and honored in what-
ever sphere or walk of life he may be found. B. B. Babcock was born in
Ohio, in March, 1832. Educated at Woodward College, Cincinnati. He
was married to Miss Lucetta V. Fillmore, whose father was a cousin of
Millard Fillmore, at Cincinnati, in the year 1858. Mrs. Babcock is the
mother of six children, only three of whom, Elizabeth J., Mattie F., and
Lucetta V., survive to bless the declining years of their parents' lives.
Mr. B. immigrated to Illinois in 1859, and followed the trade of a carpen-
ter for awhile, and afterward, he was for three years in charge of Reed
& Mann's extensive foundry and machine shops, at Cairo, Illinois. From
there he went to Decatur, in the same state, where he was engaged for
ten years in the Union Iron Works. From 1875 to 1880, he was travel-
ing contractor for the last named firm, for mills and elevators, taking ten
contracts in Missouri, and three in Illinois, during four months in the fall
of 1880. This is a strong evidence of his industry and enterprise. Mr.
Babcock came to Ray county, Missouri, in June, 1880, buying the eleva-
tor and other property at Hardin, where he is now in business as a grain
dealer. He ships on an average ten thousand bushels of wheat per month,
and corn and other grains in proportion. Since he has taken charge he
has made some very valuable and permanent improvements in the eleva-
vator and other property at Hardin. He contemplates making other and
extensive improvements at an early day, which, when done, will make
him the owner of the model elevator on the Wabash road. Mr. B. favors
improvement and progression, and leaves nothing in his power undone in
favor of their furtherance. He has done as much, perhaps, as any other
man, for the improvement of the locality in which he lives.

THOMAS J. PORTERFIELD.

Has been a life-long farmer. • He was born on the 8th day of February,
18-14, in Jackson county, Missouri. He was afforded no other advantages
for getting an education than those of the district schools in his native
county. He was born and reared on a farm, and became, when quite
young, so much attached to that kind of life that no other calling has ever
had any attractions for him. He removed to Ray county in 1862, and has
never changed his home from that time to the present (April, 18S1).
Loving peace rather than war, he remained quietly on his farm, and took
no active part in the civil war. Mr. Porterfield was married, in 1867, to

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. - .

Miss Mary E. Johnson, of Lafayette county, Missouri. They became the
parents of four children, only two of whom are yet alive: Thomas E.
and Any B. He owns a fine farm, one mile south of Hardin, and is one
of the best farmers of Ray county.

HENRY C. BOGGESS.

A native of the state of Kentucky, was born in December, of the year

1835. When he was but three years old his father moved to Ray county,
Missouri, and purchased a farm. His grandfather, Bilas Boggess, also
purchased a farm of four hundred acres in Ray county, the same year,
1838. A part of this same tract is now owned by the subject of thi>
sketch. Mr. Boggess received the advantages of a common school edu-
cation, and followed the vocation of farming. In 1867, he was married
to Miss Laurinda Frazier, of Ray county, a daughter of Mr. George
Frazier, and a most estimable lady. They have but one child, Yirgie,
who is yet living. Mr. Boggess has always had his home in Ray county,
and been constantly engaged in his favorite occupation of farming. He
took no active part in the late civil war. By strict attention to business,
proverbial honesty and hospitality, and confirmed habits of industry and
economy, he has become justly popular, and has surrounded his home
with comforts and conveniences. He is a highly influential and substan-
tial citizen in his neighborhood.

WILLIAM B. CREER.

A native of Liverpool, England, was born the 9th day of February,

1836. He received a good education in his native country. He left home
for the west, landing at New Orleans, when seventeen years of age.
From there he came to St. Louis, Missouri, by boat, and was employed
with Messrs. Stone & Boomer, who were at that time engaged in build-
ing bridges for various railroads. In this work he continued for three
years. He then went for a short time to Lafayette county, thence to
Carroll county, and from there came to Ray county, in the spring of
1856, working in these various localities, all the time at his occupation,
which is that of carpentering. At the breaking out of the late civil war,
he was enrolled in the Missouri state guard for six months, at the expira-
tion of which time he enlisted under General Sterling Price, and fought,
throughout the war, the battles of the south. In Missouri he was engaged
in the battles of Carthage, Wilson's Creek, Dry Wood and Lexington.
In 1862, under Van Horn, he fought at Pea Ridge, Arkansas, Bruett,
Iuka and Corinth, Mississippi. Again in 1S63, on the 7th of March, at
Thompson Station, Middle Tennessee. On the 26th of April, he engaged
with the Federal gunboats, in command of General Elliott, on the Ten-
nessee river. Then with General Johnson, at Jackson, Mississippi. After

808 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

the fall of Vicksburg and the siege of Jackson, fought Sherman from
Jackson to Brandon. The next engagement was in the celebrated raid
across the state, in the month of August, against General Sherman. He
was then sent to Dalton, Georgia. He fought through the campaign in
that state, with General Johnson. He was then transferred to the com-
mand of General Hood, and did meritorious service and hard fighting at
the siege of Atlanta. Was with General Hardee at the battle of Jones-
boro, where the army fell back to Lovejoy, and were, in the words of Mr.
Creer himself, " knocked about like a ship in a storm." The next and
last battle of importance in which Mr. Creer was engaged, was with
General Forrest at Egypt Station, on the Ohio & Mobile railroad, in Jan-
uary, 1865. After this engagement Mr. C. was given a furlough for
ninety days. Before his leave expired, the war had ended, and peace was
declared. Mr. Creer was paroled with General Dick Taylor's command,
by General Canby, at Jackson, Mississippi. It is worthy of remark that
though Mr. Creer was in the war from its very beginning to the last,
and was in the thickest of the fight on some of the most closely con-
tested and bloody battle fields, he came out of it without a wound. Per-
haps his experience in this respect is without a parallel. In the army Mr.
Creer held the rank of sergeant. He was married on the 4th of Decem-
ber, 1870, to Miss Sarah M. Mallory. The result of this union has been
five children, four of whom are living. Their names are as follows: Wal-
ter I., Hugh E., Paul C. and Ralph E. Mr. C. has been in Ray county
ever since the war, except during the time of a visit to Colorado in 1879.
He is the best carpenter in his section of the country, a highly respected
gentleman and a good citizen.

JOHN F. BRUMFIELD.

Is a native Missourian, born in Pulaski county, on the 14th day of
December, 1854. His parents came to Ray county, when he was but
two years old. Mr. Brumfield received a good education in the district
schools of his father's neighborhood, and since leaving school has been
occupied entirely in milling. He was engaged for four years in the Egypt
mills at Norborne, Carroll county, Missouri. Returning to Ray county
he formed a partnership with Mr. Moore, and they became the proprie-
tors of the Telegraph mills at Hardin, under the firm name of Brumfield
& Moore. Mr. Brumfield is universally popular, a very good miller,
especially for so young a man, and an excellent citizen.

JOHN J. MOORE.

Is a Virginian, having been born in Washington county, in May, 1834.
He was educated in the common schools. By occupation he is a carpen-
ter and miller. On leaving Virginia he went, first, to Alabama, in the

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. SI.W

year 1857, and remained four years, engaged in milling. In L861 he came
to Missouri, and settled in Ray county, where he immediately engaged in
his customary occupation of milling. His home has been here ever since,
though he spent one year subsequently in Kansas City, from which place
he returned to Richmond, and was employed by Houston & Cates,
owners of the old Davis mill. After the close of this engagement he
operated a saw mill for Messrs. Harbison & Moore for two years. After-
ward he built a flouring mill at Camden; thence he went to Norborne,
Carroll county, and engaged in the Egypt mills at that place. Returning
to Ray county, he formed a co-partnership with Mr. Brum field, and they
purchased the property known as the Telegraph mills, and one of the
best, if not the very best mills north of the Missouri river. Mr. Moore
was married to Miss Alice Harbison, of Ray county. They are the parents
of five children: Linea, Laura, Jessie, Bessie, and Sallie. The last two
are twins. Mr. Moore is an enterprising and prosperous business man,
and a high credit to the county of his adoption.

LEWIS H. NOBLE.

The subject of this sketch was born in Indiana, on the 19th day of
September, 1849. His father immigrated to Ray county, Missouri, in
1854. Shortly after his arrival here, the elder Mr. Noble died, and the
son was left to the care of his uncle, who trained him to the business of
farming. His education was acquired in the common schools of Ray
county. At the age of twenty-three years he left his uncle's home, and
started out to travel in the west with the hope of improving his health
which had begun to fail. He visited Kansas, the Indian Territory,
Wyoming and Idaho, spending three years altogether in his wanderings
out west. He became possessed of a claim in the state of Kansas, and
occupied some time in improving it; later he sold out his property there
and returned to Ray county, which he always regarded as his home.
He made several successive trips through the territories named above,
and thus became familiar with those sections of the great west. On the
26th day of March, 1876, he was married to Miss Elizabeth Campbell, of
Ray county. The result of this union was three children, all of whom
are still living. Their names are: Annie A.", Charles W. and Susan M.
The last named two are twins. Mr. Noble has had many and varied
experiences during his wild life in the west, which the limits of this work
will not admit of mentioning. He is a prominent and very influential
citizen of the section in which he lives, being at present, marshal of the
town of Hardin. He is highly esteemed by all who know him, for his
sterling qualities of heart and head.

810 HISTORY OF RAY COUNT V.

CYRUS W. CLAMPITT.

This gentleman was born in Guilford county, North Carolina, October
24, 1828. His father moved to Indiana when he was very young, and he
received his education at Franklin, Johnson countv, that state. After
leaving school he remained on the farm with his father, who had again
removed, going this time to Hamilton county, about fifteen miles north of
Indianapolis, for several years. In 1852 he left Indiana to seek a home in
Missouri, first stopping in Caldwell countv for a short while; thence, he
went to Clay county, and engaged in teaching school, about two and a
half miles north of Missouri City, where he continued for about two years.
From thence he came to Ray county, and has ever since been engaged
almost constantly in teaching in the schools of this county. Owing to his
holding the office of postmaster, he was exempt from military service dur-
ing the late war. In 1856 he was married to Miss Martha F. Gant, of
Crab Orchard, Ray county. They have five children, all living, named
as follows: William C, Mar}- W., Victoria R., Cyrus R., and George B.
Mr. Clampitt is a good practical teacher, and has, by his efficient labors,
greatly benefited the rising generations of this county. He has been
principal of the school at Hardin for a number of years, and occupies an
enviable position in the esteem and regard of the people of that place.

ELIJAH T. MAPEL.

Elijah T. Mapel is a Kentuckian. He was born in Jefferson county, in
that state October 29, 1825. He was educated at Bardstown, Spencer
county, in his native state. After leaving school he served an appren-
ticeship of seven years under one Wm. Dye, of Jefferson county, Ken-
tucky, spending most of the time at Louisville. Here he was married on
the 18th day of January, 1851, to Miss Amanda S. Beckley, a native of
the city of Louisville. She gave birth to seven children, only three of
whom, Elijah T., John W., and Amanda S., are yet living. Soon after his
marriage, Mr. Mapel operated a mill at Brandonburg for a time, then
he owned, and for two years operated a three-run mill in the city of Lou-
isville. Emigrating from Kentucky in 1854, he landed in Lexington,
Missouri, whence he came to Ray county, where he has since made his
home. When he first came here there were but four runs of mill-burrs
in the entire county. Since that time, he 'alone has put in fourteen runs,
more than any other one man in the county. He built and owned the
Richmond mills, as well as the Telegraph mills at Hardin, besides sev-
eral others in different parts of the county. Mr. Mapel was engaged
but three months in the civil war, being exempt at the expiration of that
time, on account of his occupation being that of a miller. His wife died
on the 6th day of June, 1869. On the 29th day of July, in the year 1874,

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. HI

Mr. Mapel was again married, this time to Miss Ellen Lane, his first love,
and the " girl he left behind'1 him when he came from old Kentuckv.
By a remarkable coincidence they were thrown together after so mam-
years of separation, and by frequent meetings, and fond memories of the
olden time, the spark so long dormant was again fanned into a flame,
and they became one in name, as in heart. Mr. M. has always followed
milling, and is also an adept mill-wright. In either branch of the busi-
nest he is the peer of any man in the state, and has, probably, done more
in his line, for the advancement of Ray county, than any other man. He
is a good and valuable citizen.

MOSES HENDERSON.

This gentleman is a native of Kentucky, having been born in Mason
county, that state, in the month of September, 1836. He came to Rav
county, Missouri, in the winter of 1847, with his father, who bought a
farm of some three hundred acres, about three miles west of Richmond.
He was educated in the district schools of Missouri and his native state.
He farmed for a number of years in Ray county, and then, in 1865, going
to Nebraska, engaged in the business of a cattle trader, in Richardson
county, for the space of two years. Mr. Henderson was married in the
spring of 1866, to Miss Meriles Frazier, at Lexington, having returned to
Missouri for that purpose. They became the parents of two children, Ida
and Amy, both still living. After his marriage Mr. Henderson returned
at once to Nebraska, where he continued in the cattle trading business
for some time. But, at length, he came back to Ray countv, Missouri,
and bought the farm upon which he has since lived. This farm, com-
prising one hundred and sixty acres of most excellent land, is one of the
most desirable and most valuable of its size in the count}-. Mr. Hender-
son is a practical, successful farmer, and highlv regarded as a neighbor,
and a citizen of Crooked River township.

NILES ESREY.

Was born in the year 1835, in Edgar county, Illinois. His father immi-
grated to Missouri in 1840, and settled in Ray countv, purchasing the
farm upon which Mr. Esrey now resides. Here he was educated in the
district schools, and grew up, working on the farm, in which vocation he
has ever since continued, and is to-day a thrifty farmer, and owns one of
the best and most valuable farms in Crooked River township. His mar-
riage to Miss Missouri Stratton, of Ray county, took place in the vear
1857. She has borne him seven children, who still are living. Their
names are as follows: Jesse D., John T., Niles A., Missouri A., Marv,
Elizabeth, and Minnie. Mr. Esrey's highly improved and fertile farm,
comprising four hundred and seventy acres of land, lies two miles north-

812 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

east of Hardin, on the prairie. Mr. E. is one of the oldest settlers in his
section of the country, a good neighbor, and an industrious, progressive
man, and a valuable aid to the advancement of the agricultural interests
of his county. In November, 1878, Mr. Esrey was elected by the people
to the responsible position of judge of the Ray county court. The duties
of which office he discharged faithfully, and to the full satisfaction of his
constituency.

SEPTER P. ESREY.

Is a native of Illinois and was born in Edgar county, in the year 1838.
His father immigrated to Ray county, Missouri, in 1840, and the son,
Septer, was educated in the schools of the last named county. He chose
and followed the occupation of his father, that of a farmer. His present
farm. is a portion of the one formerly owned by his father. He was first
married in 1863, to Miss Mary Rosell, of Monroe county, Missouri. She
became the mother of three children. Two of them, Sarah A. and Jona-
than, are yet living. Mrs. Esrey died in 1868, and Mr. Esrey married a
second time. The lady becoming his wife this time, was Miss Charlotte
A. Jasper. She died in 1878, and subsequently, he again married. The
last and present Mrs. Esrey was a widow lady, named Mrs. Mary F. Hill,
of Ray county. Mr. Esrey owns a fine fertile farm comprising three hun-
dred acres of the best land in Ray county, and has done much for that
branch of industry in which he has spent his life.

ABRAHAM GRANDSTAFF.

Abraham Grandstaffis a native Missourian, having been born in Boone
county, in the year 1838. There he received a district school education,
and lived until 1859, when he removed to Frankstown, Douglass county,
Colorado, thirty miles south of Denver, where he was engaged for a
number of years in farming. He came back to Missouri in 1864, set-
tling in Ray county, and shortly afterward purchased the farm he now
owns and lives upon, and which is situated two miles east of Hardin, on
the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific railroad. Mr. GrandstafF was married
in 1864, to Miss Susan Dehart, a native of Indiana. This union was
blessed with three children: Sarah, John, and Samuel, all still living.
Mr. G. owns one of the finest farms in Crooked River township, in a fine
state of cultivation and highly improved. He is a prominent and highly
respected citizen of the section where he lives.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 813

GEORGE FRAZIER.

Is a Kenluckian. Me was born in Anderson county, in the year L812.
He was educated and grew up to manhood in his native state. His father
owned a large farm there, and early taught the son practical lessons in
farming. In 1S29 the family came to Missouri, and entering land a mile
and a half east of Richmond, in Ray county, lived there some eight or
ten years, when the mother of our subject died. He then removed to
Crooked River township, and entered the grocery business, in which
trade he continued about three years. He then moved near where he
now lives, and again engaged in farming. Mr. Frazier was married
about the year 1840, to Miss Almira J. Boiles, a native of Kentucky,
though at that time living in Ray countv, whom Mr. Frazier had known
before leaving Kentucky. She became the mother of one son, who in
after years, at the time of the civil war, entered the Confederate army,
and died of disease in Texas, in the spring of 1864. The first Mrs.
Frazier died in 1846, and in the autumn of 1847 Mr. Frazier was married
again, his bride this time being Miss Mary E. Utterback, a native of
Kentucky, but reared in Indiana, and at the time of her marriage living
in Ray county, Missouri. The result of this union was seven children:
Laurinda, Alice, Lenora, Fannie, George A., Laura, and Hershel, all
of whom are now living in Ray county. Mr. Frazier is one of the oldest
citizens now living in Crooked River township. He owns a finely
improved and valuable farm, some forty acres of which he has cleared
out of woodland. His life has been characterized by enterprise and
thrift, and he is a highly respected man, and one of Ray's substantial old
pioneer citizens.

HADEN S. TRIGG.

The subject of this sketch is a native of Tennessee, having been born
fourteen miles north of Murfreesboro, Wilson county, that state, in
July, 1813. Here he received his education, and remained until manhood.
He afterward spent some time in Jackson and Sumner counties, Tennes-
see. He was married in the month of July, 1834, to Miss Elizabeth
Wilson, of Gallatin, and in the following autumn removed to Booneville, Mo.,
at which place he taught school, and kept boarding house, during the suc-
ceeding winter. In 1835 he went to Morgan county, Missouri, near the
town of Tipton, and engaged in farming and teaching, until November
1840, when he came to Ray county, settling two and a half miles west of
Richmond, and continued the business of farming and teaching school.
Two years later he moved to Millville, and commenced the business of
milling with his farming. Going, in 1S44, to Wakanda, in the same county,
he settled a new place in the open, and, at that time, sparsely peopled

814 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

prairie. His wife died October the 17th, 1857. She was the mother of nine
children: Mary S., Stephen C, Juliet, Daniel W., John W., Geo. W., Haden
S., Sallie and Joseph. Of these, only four, Mary S., Stephen C, Juliet and
Geo. W. are yet alive. Mr. Trigg was married the second time, in 1858, to
Miss Mary S. Campbell. In 1861, at the beginning of the war between
the states, he cast his lot with the fortunes of the south, joining Slack's
division of the army under General Sterling Price, with whom he
engaged in the battles of Carthage, Wilson's Creek and Lexington, after
which on account of protracted illness, he was unable to re-enter the
army. The second Mrs. Trigg was taken sick, and died during his
absence in the war. Leaving his family in Ray county, he went to Boone-
ville, Missouri, and from there to Illinois, returning to Hardin, Ray county,
in 1869. Here he has ever since remained, occupied in mercantile business.
Mr. Trigg is one of the most highly respected and influential men in the
county, and one of her most valuable citizens.

B. FRANK DAVIS.

B. Frank Davis was born May 15, 1834, in Hart county, Kentucky.
He received his education in the private schools of the neighborhood
in which he lived. While his literary training is not extensive, he has
a good English education, which is greatly strengthened by strong, prac-
tical common-sense, and improved by intercourse with men, close obser-
vation, a faculty for learning from passing events, and a retentive mem-
ory that stores whatever of useful knowledge is to be garnered from
sources of general information. He was raised on a farm in his native
county, in the cultivation and management of which, he, in common with
his brother, T. J. Davis, assisted his father. He moved with his parents
to Ray county, Missouri, in 1853, and on the 29th day of October of that
year, settled in Ray county, near the present village of Morton, within
one-fourth . of a mile of where he now resides, conducting a farm,
which, with the exception of a period of interruption from the begin-
ning to the ending of the civil war, has been his life-long vocation.
His father was an esteemed and honored citizen of Kentucky. He lost
his life by accident, about a year after his arrival in Ray county. He
was at work at a carpenter's bench, at the end of which and supported by
it, stood a loaded shot-gun. The continued jostling of the bench, finally
caused the gun to slip backward and fall on the hammer, discharging it.
The contents entered the calf of one of Mr. Davis' legs, severing an
artery, and causing his death by hemorrhage — medical assistance arriving
too late to save his life. June 20, 1861, in response to the call of Gov.
Jackson, Mr. Davis enlisted in the Missouri state guards, and partici-
patedin the engagements at Lexington, Carthage, Oak Hill, Elkhorn, and
other places. When in Arkansas the troops were ordered east of the

HISTORY OF KAY COUNTY. 5 15

Mississippi, to go thence to Memphis. But a company of sixty men, of
which our subject was one, was placed in charge of the stock, equip-
ments, and various munitions of war, and ordered to take them to
Texas. Finding, however, a fine country in the Choctaw nation, with an
abundance of grass, grain and water, they remained three months near
Doaksville, Indian Territory, and did not cross the Red river into Texas.
They were then ordered by Governor Jackson to report to him at Fort
Smith, Arkansas, but Governor Jackson dying, December 6, 1862, they
reported to Colonel George.

On the 20th of June following, exactly one year after he joined the
Missouri state guards, Mr. Davis enlisted in the regular service of the
Confederate states army, where he fought with uncomplaining bravery
for principles he had cherished from childhood, till the close of the war.
There was never a camp made, nor a single engagement, in which his
company took part, but that he was present, like the true soldier that he
was, ready and willing to share the dangers or hardships of his comrades.
He was with his command in its every movement, from the day he
enlisted till the final surrender, Among others, he participated in the
battles of Prairie Grove, December 7, 1862; Helena, Arkansas, July 4,
1863, and Little Rock, in the fall of 1863. While charging on the enemy
at the battle of Helena, a shell burst immediatelv over the company of
which Mr. Davis had command, and wounded thirteen men. From Little
Rock, Captain Davis and his comrades went to Camden, Arkansas, and
there went into winter quarters; and the following spring fought General
Banks, at Mansfield and Pleasant Hill, Louisiana, all the forces of the
opposing commanders on either side, being concentrated. Turning north
after these engagements, the}; found Steele at Camden, and pursued him
to Jenkins* Ferry, Saline river, where a general engagement took place.
Subsequent to this battle he 'took part in numerous skirmishes and engage-
ments of minor importance, and hnallv, in June, 1865, surrendered at
Alexandria, Louisiana, and returned to his home in Ray county, where he
was cordially welcomed by his friends. B. Frank Davis was married,
January 24, 1871, to Miss Mary Bohannon, daughter of Colonel Louis C.
Bohannon, of Ray county. She is a lady of intelligence and refinement,
and by her amiable, affectionate disposition contributes to the happiness ot
her husband. They have four promising children, as follows: James L.,
Clay, Elliott, and Tom Frank. Mr. Davis is a successful, a worthy citizen,
and an obliging gentleman.

816 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

CHARLES W. DAWSON.

Charles W. Dawson was born at Lawrenceburg, Anderson county,
Kentucky, twelve miles east of Frankfort, on the 9th day of September,
in the year 1855. He received his education in the schools of Lawrence-
burg. His parents immigrated to Missouri in the spring of 1869, and pur-
chasing a large farm one and a half miles north of Hardin, Ray county,
settled there, and our subject was trained to the business of farming. In
1875, Mr. Dawson engaged with Spurlock & Wood, millers, of Hardin,
again with Burton & Hanna in the dry goods business at the same place.
Afterwards, for the benefit of his failing health, he visited Colorado
Springs and Leadville, Colorado. Returning to Ray county in the fall of
1879, he again entered the dry goods trade, this time with Hughes & Son,
where he still remains. Mr. Dawson was married on the 10th day of
March, 1881, to Miss Maria S. Summerman, of Ray county. He is an
enterprising, industrious young man, and highly regarded by his neigh-
bors.

JOHN D. REYBURN.

Was born in Columbia, Boone county, Missouri, in 1825. He was edu-
cated in the common schools. Came to Richmond, Ray county, in the
year 1844, and worked at the business of a wool carder. In 1846 he
enlisted for the war with Mexico, in Captain Henly's company. Was
mustered into service at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, company G, of Colo-
nel Willock's battalion. They were ordered to New Mexico for duty, and
there at the battle of Moro, Captain Henly was killed, Captain Jacobs suc-
ceeding to the command of the company to which Mr. Reyburn belonged.
At the close of the war he was discharged at Fort Leavenworth, and
returned to Ray county, Missouri. After a time he removed to Lafayette
county, where he remained several years working at the carpentering
trade. Again he came back to Ray county, locating at Hardin, where he
yet lives. His marriage to Miss Margaret A. Thornton, of Boone county,
Missouri, took place in the year 1849. They are the parents of five chil-
dren: Alice, Ella, Lee, Florence and John I. Mr. Reyburn joined Gen-
eral Joe Shelby's command of the Confederate army in the spring of 1861.
He was in the battles of Lexington, Wilson's Creek, and several other
minor engagements. When the war ended he returned to Ray county
and resumed his work as a carpenter, at which business he has had an
experience of nearly thirty years, having built the first house in the town
of Hardin. Mr. Reyburn is an excellent carpenter, a substantial man, and
a good citizen.

HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY. 817

THOMAS J. DAVIS.

Thomas J. Davis is a native of Hart county, Kentucky, and was born
April 12, 1836. He was educated in the common schools, and lived in
the county of his birth till the fall of 1853, when he accompanied his
parents to Missouri, and with them settled in Crooked River township,
Ray county, not far from his present residence. After leaving school,
Mr. Davis engaged in farming, an occupation he has followed ever since.
In June, 1861, responding to the call of Governor Claiborne F. Jackson,
he enlisted in the Missouri state guards, and while in this service, under
Captain Bohannon, he started south to join General Sterling Price, whom
they met a few miles from Carthage, Missouri, on the morning of the
engagement at that place. He then went south with his comrades in
arms, and remained till his return to participate in the battle of Oak Hill,
against Generai Lyon. He was also in the battle of Lexington. Thence
went to Pineville, and afterward took part in the battle of Elkhorn.
From Van Buren, Arkansas, the soldiers were ordered east of the Mis-
sissippi, to go thence to Memphis. Mr. Davis, however, was one of a
company of sixty, or dered to remain at Des Ark, Arkansas, in charge of
the stock, equipments, and other munitions of war belonging to the com-
mand, and to take the same, for protection, into the state of Texas. This,
however, they did not do, as they found an excellent country, abounding
in grass and water, near Doaksville, Indian Territory. After remaining
in Doaksville three months, they were ordered by Governor Jackson to
report to him at Fort Smith, Arkansas, where he expected to meet them.
Governor Jackson died, however, at a farm house, on the Arkansas river,
opposite Little Rock, before reaching Fort Smith, and Mr. Davis and his
comrades, on reaching Fort Smith, reported to Colonel George. Novem-
ber 28, 1862, he enlisted as a soldier in the regular Confederate army, and
served gallantly till the close of the war. He was in all the engagements
mentioned in the biographical sketch of his brother, B. Frank Davis. He
was never absent at roll-call, and never shirked a duty, nor faltered in any
undertaking, however hazardous. In October, 1863, he was on detached
service in the Confederate laboratory at Marshall, Texas. He rejoined
his command at Shreveport, Louisiana. He surrendered at Alexandria,
that state, in June, 1865, and, with his brother, returned home to Ray
county, after an absence of four years, fighting for principles which have
passed into history as the "lost cause." May 7, 1874, Thomas J. Davis
married Miss Nannie Bohannon, of Ray county, daughter of Colonel
Louis C. Bohannon, whose biography may be found elsewhere in this
work. She is an intelligent, attractive lady, and, with her husband, is the
recipient of the respect and esteem of all who know them.

818 HISTORY OF RAY COUNTY.

THOMAS McINTOSH.

Born May the 10th, 1830, in Sullivan county, Indiana, is of Scotch
descent, his grandfather coming from Scotland to America at a very early
day. He was educated in the common schools of Indiana. Leaving
school he chose blacksmithing for his calling, and served an apprentice-
ship under one Hartley, at Lockport, Indiana. He then went into busi-
ness for himself at Sullivan, in the same state remaining there until 1865.
While there he was occupied in manufacturing buggies, wagons and agri-
cultural implements. At competitive exhibitions, he many times carried
off the premiums for the excellence of his work. In June, 1851, he was
married to Miss Catherine Maxwell, of Sullivan county, Indiana, by
whom he is the father of seven children, four of whom: Hiram M., Levy,
William and Aaron W., yet survive. During the civil war Mr. Mcintosh
served two years in the Union army. He was deputy provost marshal
under Richard W. Thompson, late secretary of the navy, under President
Hayes' administration. He also held the commission of a second lieu-
tenant in the 156th regiment of Indiana volunteers. Mr. Mcintosh immi-
grated to Chillicothe, Missouri, in 1865, remaining about two years;
thence he came to Ray county, locating at Hardin, where he has been
for fourteen years the " village blacksmith," receiving a large custom,
and by his excellent workmanship and fair dealing, the good will of all.
He also owns a good farm, one and a half miles east of Hardin, of which
place, he is a most substantial and useful resident.

ROBERT R. SIMMERMAN.

A native of Virginia, was born in May, 1830. His father removed in
the year 1839, to Boone county, Missouri, and from there to Clinton
county, in the same state, coming to Ray county in 1856, where our sub-
ject has, ever since had his home. Robert R. Simmerman received his
education in the common schools of Missouri. His occupation is farming,
and he has spent all his life in that pursuit, excepting about four years in
California, and the time he was in the army. He enlisted in the Confed-
erate army, and went south with General Jo. Shelby. At the close of
the war he was discharged at Shreveport, Louisiana, in 1865. He was
married to Miss Elizabeth Snowdin, in January, 1858. Seven children,
now living, bless their union: Maria, Minnie, Robert, Estella, Mary M.,
Dora and Eliza. After his return from California, Mr. Simmerman pur-
chased the fine farm, of five hundred acres, whereon he now lives happily,
respected and honored by all who know him.

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